Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The accounting estimates and assumptions that require management’s most significant, difficult, and subjective judgment include the recognition and measurement of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, the collectability of accounts receivable, the fair value measurements of goodwill, other intangible assets and investments, the assessment of the recoverability of goodwill, the assessment of useful lives and recoverability of other intangible assets and long-lived assets, the assessment of unrecognized tax benefits and the valuation and recognition of stock-based compensation expense, and business combinations, among others. Actual results experienced by the Company may differ from management’s estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained with various financial institutions. The Company’s cash equivalents are classified as available-for-sale. Financial Instruments Investments consist primarily of municipal bonds and notes, corporate bonds and notes, treasury and agency notes and bills, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, and money market funds. The Company classifies all investments as current as the securities are available for use, if needed, for current operations. The Company’s cash equivalents and investments are classified as available-for-sale. Unrealized gains and losses on securities, net of tax, are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. The Company evaluates the investments periodically for possible other-than-temporary impairment and reviews factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer, and the Company’s ability and intent to hold the security until maturity on a more-likely-than-not basis. If the declines in the fair value of the investments are determined to be other-than-temporary, the Company reports the credit loss portion of such decline in other income and expense, net, and the remaining noncredit loss portion in accumulated other comprehensive income. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest and dividend income and realized gains or losses are included in other income and expense, net. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amount of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Long-term debt approximates fair value due to the variable rate nature of the debt. Concentration of Credit and Other Risks Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. The Company follows a corporate investment policy which sets credit, maturity and concentration limits and regularly monitors the composition, market risk and maturities of these investments. The Company believes that any concentration of credit risk in its accounts receivable is substantially mitigated by the Company’s evaluation process, relatively short collection terms and the high level of credit worthiness of its customers. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and limits the amount of credit extended when deemed necessary but generally requires no collateral. At December 31, 2017, the Company had three customers representing 17% , 11% and 10% of aggregate gross trade receivables, respectively. At December 31, 2016, the Company had two customers representing 14% and 13% of aggregate gross trade receivables, respectively. The following table sets forth revenue generated from customers which comprise 10% or more of total revenue for the periods indicated: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Micron Technology, Inc. 11 % 17 % 15 % Amkor Technologies, Inc. 10 % 15 % 14 % Samsung Electronics, Co. Ltd. * 25 % 19 % SK hynix Inc. * 12 % 13 % * denotes less than 10% of total revenue. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company continually monitors customer payments and maintains a reserve for estimated losses resulting from its customers' inability to make required payments. In determining the reserve, the Company evaluates the collectibility of its accounts receivable based upon a variety of factors. In cases where the Company becomes aware of circumstances that may impair a specific customer's ability to meet its financial obligations, the Company records a specific allowance against amounts due. For all other customers, the Company recognizes allowances for doubtful accounts based on its historical write-off experience in conjunction with the length of time the receivables are past due, customer creditworthiness, geographic risk and the current business environment. Actual future losses from uncollectible accounts may differ from the Company's estimates. The allowance balance was $1.2 million and zero as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Goodwill and Identified Intangible Assets Goodwill . Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid for an acquisition and the fair value of the net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired under a business combination. Goodwill also includes acquired assembled workforce, which does not qualify as an identifiable intangible asset. The Company reviews impairment of goodwill annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the goodwill might be impaired. The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the quantitative goodwill impairment test is unnecessary. If, based on the qualitative assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the Company proceeds to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. The Company first determines the fair value of a reporting unit using weighted results derived from an income approach and a market approach. The income approach is estimated through the discounted cash flow method based on assumptions about future conditions such as future revenue growth rates, new product and technology introductions, gross margins, operating expenses, discount rates, future economic and market conditions, and other assumptions. The market approach estimates the fair value of the Company’s equity by utilizing the market comparable method which is based on revenue multiples from comparable companies in similar lines of business. The Company then compares the derived fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss will be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Identified intangible assets . Identified finite-lived intangible assets consist of acquired patents, existing technology, customer relationships, trademarks and trade names, non-compete agreements resulting from business combinations, and acquired patents under asset purchase agreements. The Company’s identified intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, ranging from 1 to 15 years . The Company makes judgments about the recoverability of finite-lived intangible assets whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the useful life is shorter than originally estimated or that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable. If such facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses recoverability by comparing the projected undiscounted net cash flows associated with the related asset or group of assets over their remaining lives against their respective carrying amounts. Impairments, if any, are based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets. If the useful life is shorter than originally estimated, the Company would accelerate the rate of amortization and amortize the remaining carrying value over the new shorter useful life. Identified indefinite-lived intangible assets include in-process research and development (IPR&D) resulting from business combinations. The Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinite-lived intangible assets on an annual basis, and an impairment charge would be recognized to the extent that the carrying amount of such assets exceeds their estimated fair value. For further discussion of goodwill and identified intangible assets, see “Note 9 – Goodwill and Identified Intangible Assets .” Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs are presented in the consolidated balance sheet as a deduction from the carrying amount of the long-term debt, and are amortized over the term of the associated debt to interest expense using the effective interest method. In addition, the Company elects to continue to defer the unamortized debt issuance costs when it pays down a portion of the debt as the prepayment is factored into the terms agreed to on the debt. Treasury Stock The Company accounts for stock repurchases using the cost method. For reissuance of treasury stock, to the extent that the reissuance price is more than the cost, the excess is recorded as an increase to capital in excess of par value. If the reissuance price is less than the cost, the difference is recorded in capital in excess of par value to the extent there is a cumulative treasury stock paid-in capital balance. Once the cumulative balance is reduced to zero , any remaining difference resulting from the sale of treasury stock below cost is recorded as a reduction of retained earnings. Business Combinations The Company includes the results of operations of the businesses that it has acquired in its consolidated results as of the respective dates of acquisition. The Company allocates the fair value of the purchase consideration of its acquisitions to the tangible assets, liabilities and intangible assets acquired, including IPR&D, based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. The primary items that generate goodwill include the value of the synergies between the acquired companies and the Company and the acquired assembled workforce, neither of which qualifies as an identifiable intangible asset. IPR&D is initially capitalized at fair value as an intangible asset with an indefinite life and assessed for impairment thereafter. When the IPR&D project is complete, it is reclassified as an amortizable intangible asset and is amortized over its estimated useful life. If an IPR&D project is abandoned, the Company records a charge for the value of the related intangible asset in its consolidated statement of operations in the period it is abandoned. The fair value of contingent consideration associated with acquisitions is remeasured each reporting period and adjusted accordingly. Acquisition and integration related costs are recognized separately from the business combination and are expensed as incurred. For additional information regarding the Company's acquisitions, refer to "Note 8 – Business Combinations ." Revenue Recognition The Company derives its revenue primarily from royalty and license fees. Revenue is recognized when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectability of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. Determining whether and when these criteria have been satisfied requires the Company to make assumptions and judgments that could have a significant impact on the timing and amount of revenue it reports. License revenue is generated from license agreements for certain rights to the Company’s technologies. From time to time the Company enters into license agreements that provide for fixed license fees or royalty payments. The fixed license fees or royalty payments are recognized as revenue ratably over the contract term. Royalty revenues are generated from a licensee's production or shipment of licensed products incorporating the Company’s intellectual property, technologies or software. Licensees with a per-unit arrangement pay a per-unit royalty for each product manufactured or sold, as set forth in each license agreement. Licensees generally report manufacturing or sales information in the quarter subsequent to when such activity takes place. Consequently, the Company recognizes revenue from these per-unit licensing agreements in the quarter as reporting is received following the quarter of manufacture or sale, provided amounts are fixed or determinable and collection is reasonably assured, since it is more reliable than estimating royalty revenue prior to obtaining these reports from the licensees. Use of this "quarter lag" method allows for the receipt of licensee royalty reports prior to the recognition of revenue. Certain licensees of the Company have also entered into minimum guarantee arrangements, whereby licensees pay a minimum fee for the right to incorporate the Company's technology in the licensee's products over the contract term. These agreements stipulate a fee that corresponds to a minimum number of units or dollars that the customers must produce or pay, with additional per-unit fees for any units or dollars exceeding the minimum. For these agreements, the Company recognizes the minimum amount on these agreements as revenue ratably over the contract term. Consistent with the aforementioned policy for per-unit license fee agreements, the Company recognizes revenue relating to any additional per-unit fees on a quarter lag basis, since it is more reliable than estimating royalty revenue prior to obtaining these reports from the licensees. Under the acquisition method of purchase accounting, remaining guaranteed payments under existing minimum guarantee arrangements acquired from DTS were recorded as an unbilled contract receivable and other assets as part of the purchase price allocation. Accordingly, such payments will not be recognized as revenue over the remaining term of the contracts. Any new minimum guarantee arrangements with license periods starting subsequent to December 1, 2016 will be recognized as revenue ratably over the contract term in accordance with the policy described above. In addition, no revenue is recognized on shipments made or units manufactured prior to the acquisition date for per unit royalty agreements. Under the acquisition method of purchase accounting, the Company recognizes royalty revenue only on the units shipped or manufactured subsequent to the acquisition date of December 1, 2016. For additional information, refer to "Note 8 – Business Combinations ." The Company also derives revenue from software licenses for digital and video imaging technology. In some instances, the Company may enter into license agreements that involve multiple element arrangements that also include technology transfer, design, technical service and unspecified support. For technology and software licenses, revenue is recognized upon delivery or on a straight-line basis over the period in which the unspecified support or service is performed. The Company actively monitors and enforces its intellectual property, and pursues third parties who have under-reported the amount of royalties owed under a license agreement or who utilize its intellectual property without a license. As a result of these activities, the Company may, from time to time, recognize royalty revenue that related to infringements or under-reporting that occurred in prior periods. Royalty revenue may also include payments resulting from periodic compliance audits of licensees, as part of a settlement of a patent infringement dispute, or judgments of license dispute. These royalty recoveries may cause revenue to be higher than expected during a particular reporting period and may not occur in subsequent periods. The Company recognizes revenue from royalty recoveries when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement and collectability is reasonably assured. In the case of litigation settlements, the Company recognizes revenue when payments are received which is deemed to be when collectability is reasonably assured. The Company provides payment terms to licensees based upon their financial strength, credit worthiness and the Company’s collection experience with the licensee. If the Company provides extended payment terms, revenue is deferred until payment is due. The Company will adopt ASC 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers, in fiscal year 2018, which is expected to have a significant impact on the timing of revenue recognition associated with its licensing contracts with customers. Refer to "Note 3 - Recent Accounting Pronouncements" for a detailed discussion. Indemnification The Company provides indemnification of varying scope to certain customers against claims of intellectual property infringement made by third parties arising from the use of the Company’s technologies. In accordance with authoritative guidance for accounting for guarantees, the Company evaluates estimated losses for such indemnification. The Company considers such factors as the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of loss. To date, no such claims have been filed against the Company and, as a result, no liability has been recorded in the Company’s financial statements. As permitted under Delaware law, the Company has agreements whereby it indemnifies its officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was, serving at the Company’s request in such capacity. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, the Company believes, given the absence of any such payments in the Company’s history, and the estimated low probability of such payments in the future, that the estimated fair value of these indemnification agreements is immaterial. In addition, the Company has directors’ and officers’ liability insurance coverage that is intended to reduce its financial exposure and may enable the Company to recover a portion of any such payments. Research, Development and Other Related Costs Research and development is conducted primarily in-house and targets development of audio and image enhancement technologies, chip-scale and multi-chip packaging, circuitry design, 3D-IC architectures, wafer-level packaging technology, bonding technologies and machine learning. Research, development and other related costs include expenses associated with applications engineering necessary to port and integrate the Company's technologies and products on third party silicon and into end devices. These costs consist primarily of compensation and related costs for personnel, engineering consulting expenses associated with new product and technology development, product commercialization, quality assurance and testing costs, as well as costs related to patent applications and examinations, product "tear downs" and reverse engineering, materials, supplies and equipment depreciation. All research, development and other related costs are expensed as incurred. Stock-based Compensation Expense The Company accounts for stock-based compensation expense in accordance with the authoritative guidance on share-based payments. Under the provisions of the guidance, stock-based compensation expense is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the option using a Black-Scholes option pricing model and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. The fair value of the Company’s stock awards for non-employees is estimated based on the fair market value on each vesting date, accounted for under the variable-accounting method. The authoritative guidance also requires that the Company measure and recognize stock-based compensation expense upon modification of the term of stock award. The stock-based compensation expense for such modification is the sum of any unamortized expense of the award before modification and the modification expense. The modification expense is the incremental amount of the fair value of the award before the modification and the fair value of the award after the modification, measured on the date of modification. In the case when the modification results in a longer requisite period than in the original award, the Company has elected to apply the pool method where the aggregate of the unamortized expense and the modification expense is amortized over the new requisite period on a straight-line basis. In addition, any forfeiture will be based on the original requisite period prior to the modification. Calculating stock-based compensation expense requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected term of the stock-based awards, stock price volatility, and the pre-vesting option forfeiture rate. The Company estimates the expected life of options granted based on historical exercise patterns, which are believed to be representative of future behavior. The Company estimates the volatility of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant based on historical volatility. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based awards represent the Company’s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. As a result, if factors change and the Company uses different assumptions, its stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future. In addition, the Company is required to estimate the expected forfeiture rate and only recognize expense for those shares expected to vest. The Company estimates the forfeiture rate based on historical experience of its stock-based awards that are granted, exercised and cancelled. If the actual forfeiture rate is materially different from the estimate, stock-based compensation expense could be significantly different from what was recorded in the current period. The Company also grants performance share units (PSUs) to employees or consultants. PSU awards will vest if certain employee-specific or company-designated performance targets are achieved. If minimum performance thresholds are achieved, each PSU award will convert into Xperi common stock at a defined ratio depending on the degree of achievement of the performance target designated by each individual award. If minimum performance thresholds are not achieved, then no shares will be issued. Based upon the expected levels of achievement, stock-based compensation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the PSUs’ requisite service periods. The expected levels of achievement are reassessed over the requisite service periods and, to the extent that the expected levels of achievement change, stock-based compensation is adjusted in the period of change and recorded on the statements of operations and the remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation is recorded over the remaining requisite service period. See Note 13 – “Stock-based Compensation Expense” for additional detail. Income Taxes The Company must make certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments are used in the calculation of tax credits, tax benefits, tax deductions, and in the calculation of certain deferred taxes and tax liabilities. Significant changes to these estimates may result in an increase or decrease to the Company’s tax provision in a subsequent period. The provision for income taxes was comprised of the Company’s current tax liability and changes in deferred income tax assets and liabilities. The calculation of the current tax liability involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations and in determining the liability for tax positions, if any, taken on the Company’s tax returns in accordance with authoritative guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. Deferred income taxes are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities. The Company must assess the likelihood that it will be able to recover the Company’s deferred tax assets. If recovery is not likely on a more-likely-than-not basis, the Company must increase its provision for income taxes by recording a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets that it estimates will not ultimately be recoverable. However, should there be a change in the Company’s ability to recover its deferred tax assets, the provision for income taxes would fluctuate in the period of such change. See Note 14 – “Income Taxes” for additional detail. On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act) was signed into law. Several key tax provisions in the legislation will affect us. The Company is required to recognize the effect of the tax law changes in the period of enactment, such as determining the transition tax, remeasuring the Company’s U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities, and reassessing the net realizability of its deferred tax assets and liabilities. In December 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (SAB 118), which allows an entity to record provisional amounts during a measurement period not to extend beyond one year of the enactment date. As the Tax Act was passed late in the fourth quarter of 2017, and ongoing guidance and accounting interpretation are expected over the next 12 months, the Company considers the accounting of the transition tax, deferred tax re-measurements, and other items to be provisional, and possibly subject to material change in the future. The Company expects to complete its analysis within the measurement period in accordance with SAB 118. Contingencies From time to time, the Company may be involved in legal and administrative proceedings and claims of various types. The Company records a liability in its consolidated financial statements for these matters when a loss is known or considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Management reviews these estimates in each accounting period as additional information becomes known and adjusts the loss provision when appropriate. If the loss is not probable or cannot be reasonably estimated, a liability is not recorded in the consolidated financial statements. If a loss is probable but the amount of loss cannot be reasonably estimated, the Company discloses the loss contingency and an estimate of possible loss or range of loss (unless such an estimate cannot be made). The Company does not recognize gain contingencies until they are realized. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred. See Note 15 – " Commitments and Contingencies ,” for further information regarding the Company’s pending litigation. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the related assets' estimated useful lives: Equipment, furniture and other 1 to 5 years Leasehold improvements Lesser of related lease term or 5 years Building and improvements Up to 30 years Expenditures that materially increase asset life are capitalized, while ordinary maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Foreign Currency Translation The functional currency of substantially all of the Company's wholly-owned subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Certain subsidiaries have monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in a currency that is different than the functional currency. The gains and losses resulting from this remeasurement and translation of monetary assets denominated in a currency that is different than the functional currency are reflected in the determination of net income (loss). |