revenue that we are required to pay for the benefit of breeding and racing in the state. In addition, purses are further supplemented with other funds it receives from the OSRC and others to promote horseracing at pari-mutuel racetracks. During 2017 and 2016, purses were supplemented by $25,846,508 and $25,483,741, respectively.
Hard Rock Rewards Loyalty Program—The Company maintains a customer loyalty program, which offers incentives to patrons who gamble at the Rocksino. Under the program, patrons can earn points based on play that are redeemable in the form of complimentaries to outlets and venues within the Rocksino. The Company accrues the cost of redeemable points, after consideration of estimated breakage, as they are earned. The cost of redeemable points is recorded in other operating, general and administrative expenses and totaled $60,149 and $72,268 in 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Advertising Expense—Advertising and promotion costs are recorded in other operating, general and administrative expenses and other racetrack operating expenses. These costs are expensed as incurred and totaled $9,316,073 and $9,231,326 in 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements—In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASUNo. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,”(“ASU 2014-09”).ASU 2014-09 outlines a new, single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The new model outlines a five-step analysis in determining when and how revenue is recognized. The new model will require revenue recognition to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration a company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2015-14, which defers the effective date ofASU 2014-09 by one year. Additionally, the FASB issued an amendment to the standard (ASU2017-16), that allowsnon-public entities for which are solely considered public interest entities, for purposes of including its financial statements within that of another filer, would be allowed to adopt the new standard according tonon-public entity timelines. Accordingly, the new standard is effective for the Company’s annual period beginning January 1, 2019.
The Company is currently assessing the impact the adoption of this new accounting pronouncement will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements—In August 2016, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,”(“ASU 2016-15”).ASU 2016-15 addresses eight specific changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this ASU which had no impact on the consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash,”(“ASU2016-18”). ASU2016-18 addresses the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this ASU which required retrospective application to January 1, 2016. As a result of adoption of ASU2016-18, the Company removed Net change in restricted cash from cash flows used in investing activities and increased Cash–Beginning of Year by $3.9 million in the consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2016.
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