RECONCILIATION OF NET INCOME TO FFO, AFFO AND ADJUSTED EBITDA AND OF PRO FORMA NET INCOME TO PRO FORMA FFO, PRO FORMA AFFO AND PRO FORMA ADJUSTED EBITDA
FFO and pro forma FFO are financial measures that are not prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP and are considered a supplement to U.S. GAAP measures for the real estate industry. We define FFO as net income (computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP), excluding gains and losses from sales or disposals of real property (presented as property transactions, net), plus real estate depreciation, as defined by NAREIT. We prepare pro forma FFO by adjusting FFO to give effect to the net income associated with the Pro Forma Transactions as if the Pro Forma Transactions had occurred on January 1, 2017 (and only to the extent not reflected in historical financial results). Additional information with respect to the calculation of “pro forma FFO” is presented under “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Data.”
We define AFFO as FFO as adjusted for amortization of financing costs and cash flow hedges, amortization of the above market lease, net,non-cash compensation expense, acquisition-related expenses, othernon-operating expenses, provision for income taxes related to the REIT, other depreciation and amortization, and the net effect of straight-line rent and amortization of deferred revenue and lease incentives. We prepare pro forma AFFO by adjusting AFFO to give effect to the amortization of certain costs and expenses associated with the Pro Forma Transactions as if the Pro Forma Transactions had occurred on January 1, 2017 (and only to the extent not reflected in historical financial results). Additional information with respect to the calculation of “pro forma AFFO” is presented under “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Data.”
We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP) as adjusted for gains and losses from sales or disposals of property (presented as property transactions, net), real estate depreciation, other depreciation and amortization, interest income, interest expense (including amortization of financing costs and cash flow hedges), amortization of the above market lease, net,non-cash compensation expense, acquisition-related expenses, othernon-operating expenses, provision for income taxes and the net effect of straight-line rent and amortization of deferred revenue and lease incentives. We prepare pro forma Adjusted EBITDA by adjusting Adjusted EBITDA to give effect to the net income associated with the Pro Forma Transactions as if the Pro Forma Transactions had occurred on January 1, 2017 (and only to the extent not reflected in historical financial results). Additional information with respect to the calculation of “pro forma Adjusted EBITDA” is presented under “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Data.”
FFO, AFFO, Adjusted EBITDA, pro forma FFO, pro forma AFFO and pro forma Adjusted EBITDA are supplemental performance measures that have not been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP that management believes are useful to investors in comparing operating and financial results between periods. Management believes that this is especially true since these measures exclude real estate depreciation and amortization expense and management believes that real estate values fluctuate based on market conditions rather than depreciating in value ratably on a straight-line basis over time. The Company believes such a presentation also provides investors with a meaningful measure of the Company’s operating results in comparison to the operating results of other REITs. Adjusted EBITDA and pro forma Adjusted EBITDA are useful to investors to further supplement FFO, AFFO, pro forma FFO, pro forma AFFO and to provide investors a performance metric which excludes interest expense. In addition tonon-cash items, the Company adjusts AFFO, Adjusted EBITDA, pro forma AFFO and pro forma Adjusted EBITDA for acquisition-related expenses. While we do not label these expenses asnon-recurring, infrequent or unusual, management believes that it is helpful to adjust for these expenses when they do occur to allow for comparability of results between periods because each acquisition is (and will be) of varying size and complexity and may involve different types of expenses depending on the type of property being acquired and from whom.
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