Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | (3) Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses Major classifications of loans, by collateral code, at June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 are summarized as follows: (in thousands) June 30, 2018 September 30, 2017 Commercial (secured by real estate) $ 37,491 29,861 Commercial and industrial 27,613 21,060 Construction, land and acquisition & development 21,475 25,165 Residential mortgage 1-4 family 137,986 138,875 Consumer installment 2,730 2,783 Total 227,295 217,744 Less allowance for loan losses (4,009 ) (4,551 ) Total loans, net $ 223,286 213,193 The Bank grants loans and extensions of credit to individuals and a variety of firms and corporations located primarily in Newton County and other surrounding Georgia counties. A substantial portion of the loan portfolio is collateralized by improved and unimproved real estate and is dependent upon the real estate market. Qualifying loans in the amount of approximately $123,949,000 and $137,462,000 were pledged to secure the line of credit from Federal Home Loan Bank (the “FHLB”) at June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. The following table presents the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method for the nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017: (in thousands) June 30, 2018 Commercial (Secured by Real Estate) Commercial and Industrial Construction, Land and Acquisition & Development Residential Mortgage Consumer Installment Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 1,548 863 349 1,704 79 8 4,551 Provision (412 ) 1,807 (134 ) (970 ) 15 (6 ) 300 Charge-offs — (1,100 ) — (44 ) (27 ) — (1,171 ) Recoveries 102 22 — 205 — — 329 Ending balance $ 1,238 1,592 215 895 67 2 4,009 Ending allowance attributable to loans: . Individually evaluated for impairment $ 3 — — 8 — — 11 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,235 1,592 215 887 67 2 3,998 Total ending allowance $ 1,238 1,592 215 895 67 2 4,009 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,994 277 — 5,835 2 — 8,108 Collectively evaluated for impairment 35,497 27,336 21,475 132,151 2,728 — 219,187 Total loans $ 37,491 27,613 21,475 137,986 2,730 — 227,295 June 30, 2017 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 1,595 643 143 1,882 36 10 4,309 Provision (122 ) 202 196 (278 ) 9 (7 ) — Charge-offs — (15 ) — (41 ) (14 ) — (70 ) Recoveries 52 — — 253 9 — 314 Ending balance $ 1,525 830 339 1,816 40 3 4,553 Ending allowance attributable to loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 2 — — 3 — — 5 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,523 830 339 1,813 40 3 4,548 Total ending allowance $ 1,525 830 339 1,816 40 3 4,553 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,922 37 — 5,698 4 — 7,661 Collectively evaluated for impairment 25,634 20,649 24,199 132,183 2,773 — 205,438 Total loans $ 27,556 20,686 24,199 137,881 2,777 — 213,099 The Bank individually evaluates all loans for impairment that are on nonaccrual status or are rated substandard (as described below). Additionally, all troubled debt restructurings are evaluated for impairment. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current events and circumstances, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan will not be collected. Impaired loans are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, at the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Interest payments received on impaired loans are applied as a reduction of the outstanding principal balance. Impaired loans at June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 were as follows: (in thousands) June 30, 2018 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Allocated Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance recorded: Commercial (secured by real estate) $ 211 1,194 — 231 7 Commercial and industrial 277 1,383 — 853 — Construction, land and acquisition & development — — — — — Residential mortgage 4,955 6,760 — 4,712 148 Consumer installment 2 2 — 3 — 5,445 9,339 — 5,799 155 With an allowance recorded: Commercial (secured by real estate) 1,783 1,783 3 1,802 60 Commercial and industrial — — — — — Construction, land and acquisition & development — — — — — Residential mortgage 880 921 8 853 32 Consumer installment — — — — — 2,663 2,704 11 2,655 92 Total impaired loans $ 8,108 12,043 11 8,454 247 September 30, 2017 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial (secured by real estate) $ 83 $ 2,745 — 115 7 Commercial and industrial — — — — — Construction, land and acquisition & development — — — — — Residential mortgage 5,611 7,678 — 5,636 51 Consumer installment 3 3 — 4 — 5,697 10,426 — 5,755 58 With an allowance recorded: Commercial (secured by real estate) 1,810 1,810 10 1,834 28 Commercial and industrial — — — — — Construction, land and acquisition & development — — — — — Residential mortgage 685 685 4 696 10 Consumer installment — — — — — 2,495 2,495 14 2,530 38 Total impaired loans $ 8,192 12,921 14 8,285 96 The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans, as well as the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans, as of June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 by class of loans: (in thousands) June 30, 2018 30 -59 Days Past Due 60- 89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Greater Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Nonaccrual Commercial (secured by real estate) $ — 212 39 251 37,240 37,491 252 Commercial and industrial 434 26 298 758 26,855 27,613 324 Construction, land and acquisition & development — — — — 21,475 21,475 — Residential mortgage 325 1,419 1,097 2,841 135,145 137,986 3,184 Consumer installment 33 2 25 60 2,670 2,730 25 Total $ 792 1,659 1,459 3,910 223,385 227,295 3,785 September 30, 2017 Commercial (secured by real estate) $ — — 45 45 29,816 29,861 129 Commercial and industrial 19 45 — 64 20,996 21,060 — Construction, land and acquisition & development — — — — 25,165 25,165 — Residential mortgage 173 3,236 1,559 4,968 133,907 138,875 3,540 Consumer installment 24 7 — 31 2,752 2,783 — Total $ 216 3,288 1,604 5,108 212,636 217,744 3,669 There were no loans past due over 90 days and still accruing interest as of June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017. The table below presents information on troubled debt restructurings including the number of loan contracts restructured and the pre- and post-modification recorded investment that occurred during the nine months ended June 30, 2017. There were none for the nine months ended June 30, 2018. (in thousands) Pre- Modification Outstanding Post- Modification Outstanding Troubled Debt Restructurings that have Subsequently Defaulted June 30, 2017 Number of Contracts Recorded Investment Recorded Investment Number of Contracts Recorded Investment Residential mortgage 1 $ 18 $ 18 1 76 The Bank has allocated an allowance for loan losses of approximately $9,000 and $12,000 to customers whose loan terms have been modified in troubled debt restructurings as of June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. The Bank categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. The Bank analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a continuous basis. The Bank uses the following definitions for its risk ratings: Special Mention. Loans have potential weaknesses that may, if not corrected, weaken or inadequately protect the Bank's credit position at some future date. Weaknesses are generally the result of deviation from prudent lending practices, such as over advances on collateral. Credits in this category should, within a 12 month period, move to Pass if improved or drop to Substandard if poor trends continue. Substandard. Inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. Loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses such as primary source of repayment is gone or severely impaired or cash flow is insufficient to reduce debt. There is a distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful. Loans have weaknesses of those classified Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable. The likelihood of a loss on an asset or portion of an asset classified Doubtful is high. Loss. Loans considered uncollectible and of such little value that the continuance as a Bank asset is not warranted. This does not mean that the loan has no recovery or salvage value, but rather the asset should be charged off even though partial recovery may be possible in the future. Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be Pass rated loans. As of June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, and based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans were as follows: (in thousands) June 30, 2018 Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful/ Loss Total Commercial (secured by real estate) $ 36,911 — 580 — 37,491 Commercial and industrial 27,289 — 324 — 27,613 Construction, land and acquisition & development 21,439 — 36 — 21,475 Residential mortgage 128,594 66 9,326 — 137,986 Consumer installment 2,687 — 43 — 2,730 Total $ 216,920 66 10,309 — 227,295 September 30, 2017 Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful/ Loss Total Commercial (secured by real estate) $ 29,416 — 445 — 29,861 Commercial and industrial 21,015 — 45 — 21,060 Construction, land and acquisition & development 25,165 — — — 25,165 Residential mortgage 132,725 224 5,926 — 138,875 Consumer installment 2,783 — — — 2,783 Total $ 211,104 224 6,416 — 217,744 |