Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a) Nature of Operations We are a leading transportation and logistics services company providing a broad portfolio of premier truckload, intermodal, and logistics solutions and operating one of the largest for-hire trucking fleets in North America. (b) Basis of Presentation As used in these notes, the term “financial statements” refers to the consolidated financial statements. This includes the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of cash flows, and consolidated statements of shareholders' equity unless otherwise noted. Our consolidated financial statements include all of our wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. (c) Use of Estimates The consolidated financial statements contained in this report have been prepared in conformity with GAAP. We make estimates and assumptions that affect assets, liabilities, the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates. (d) Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash in excess of current operating requirements is invested in short-term, highly liquid investments. We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. (e) Receivables and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Our trade accounts receivable and lease receivables are recorded net of an allowance for uncollectible accounts and revenue adjustments. The allowance is based on historical experience and an aging analysis, as well as any known trends or uncertainties related to customer billing and account collectability. The adequacy of our allowance is reviewed at least quarterly. Receivables are reserved when it is probable that amounts related to the receivable will not be collected. In circumstances where we are aware of a specific customer's inability to meet its financial obligations, a specific reserve is recorded against amounts due to reduce the net receivable to the amount reasonably expected to be collected. Bad debt expense is included in other general expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. (f) Inventory Our inventories consist of tractors and trailing equipment owned by our equipment leasing company to be sold or leased to independent contractors, as well as parts, tires, supplies, and fuel. These inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market using specific identification or average cost. The following table shows the components of our inventory balances as of December 31: (in millions) 2018 2017 Tractors and trailing equipment for sale or lease $ 48.1 $ 69.8 Replacement parts 11.4 11.8 Tires and other 1.3 1.5 Total $ 60.8 $ 83.1 (g) Investments in Marketable Securities Our marketable securities are classified as available for sale and carried at fair value in current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Our portfolio of securities has maturities ranging from 2 months to 81 months . While our intent is to hold our securities to maturity, sudden changes in the market or to our liquidity needs may cause us to sell certain securities in advance of their maturity date. Any unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income on our consolidated balance sheets, unless we determine that an unrealized loss is other-than-temporary. If we determine that an unrealized loss is other-than-temporary, we recognize the loss in earnings. Cost basis is determined using the specific identification method. (h) Fair Value Fair value focuses on the estimated price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability, which is referred to as the exit price. Inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value fall into three broad levels (Levels 1, 2, and 3) as follows: Level 1 —Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that we have the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 —Observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, for the asset or liability or prices for similar assets and liabilities. Level 3 —Unobservable inputs reflecting the reporting entity’s estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability (including assumptions about risk). Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. All marketable securities were valued based on quoted prices for similar assets in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active (Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy). We measure our marketable securities on a recurring, monthly basis. (i) Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives and residual values. Generally, the estimated useful lives are as follows: 2018 Tractors 2 - 10 years Trailing equipment 6 - 20 years Other transportation equipment 4 - 5 years Buildings and improvements 5 - 25 years Other property 3 - 10 years Salvage values, when applicable, generally don't exceed 25% of original cost for tractors and trailing equipment and reflect any agreements with tractor suppliers for residual or trade-in values for certain new equipment. Gains and losses on the sale or other disposition of equipment are based on the difference between the proceeds received less costs to sell and the net book value of the assets disposed. Gains and losses are recognized at the time of the sale or disposition and are classified in operating supplies and expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. (j) Assets Held for Sale Assets held for sale consist of revenue equipment and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Reclassification to assets held for sale occurs when the required criteria, as defined by ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment , are satisfied. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , assets held for sale by segment were as follows: (in millions) 2018 2017 Truckload $ 19.5 $ 35.2 Intermodal 2.4 0.7 Total $ 21.9 $ 35.9 (k) Asset Impairment Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives are subject to an annual impairment test. Interim impairment tests are performed when impairment indicators are present. Intangible assets with definite lives are reviewed for impairment on an annual basis. Other long-lived assets require an impairment review when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. We base our evaluation of other long-lived assets on the presence of impairment indicators such as the future economic benefit of the assets, any historical or future profitability measurements, and other external market conditions or factors. We perform annual goodwill impairment tests for each of our reporting units containing goodwill during the fourth quarter of each year. Beginning in 2017, we changed our annual goodwill impairment testing date from December 31 to October 31 to better align the testing date with our financial planning process and alleviate resource constraints. We would not expect a materially different outcome in any given year as a result of testing on October 31 as compared to December 31. The carrying amount of a reporting unit's goodwill is considered not recoverable, and an impairment loss is recorded if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, as determined based on a combination of an income approach and a market approach. See Note 7 , Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets , for more information on our goodwill and other intangible assets. The carrying amount of tangible long-lived assets held and used is considered not recoverable if the carrying amount exceeds the undiscounted sum of cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. If the carrying amount is not recoverable, the impairment loss is measured as the excess of the asset's carrying amount over its fair value. Assets held for sale are evaluated for impairment at least annually and as impairment indicators are present. The carrying amount of assets held for sale is not recoverable if the carrying amount exceeds the fair value less estimated costs to sell the asset. An impairment loss is recorded for the excess of the asset’s carrying amount over the fair value less estimated costs to sell. Impairment losses are recorded in operating supplies and expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Impairment losses were immaterial in 2018 , 2017 and 2016 . (l) Revenue Recognition Through December 31, 2017 , we recorded transportation revenue at the time of delivery. Beginning in 2018, we implemented ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which is codified as ASC 606 and replaces ASC 605, Revenue Recognition . With the adoption of ASC 606, we began recognizing revenue during the delivery period based on relative transit time in each reporting period, with expenses recognized as incurred. Accordingly, a portion of the total revenue that will be billed to the customer once a load is delivered is recognized in each reporting period based on the percentage of the freight pickup and delivery service that has been completed at the end of the reporting period. See Note 2 , Revenue Recognition , for more information on the adoption of ASC 606. When we use third-party carriers, we generally record revenues on the gross basis at amounts charged to our customers because we are the primary obligor, we are a principal in the transaction, we invoice our customers and retain all credit risks, and we maintain discretion over pricing. Additionally, we are responsible for selection of third-party transportation providers to the extent used to satisfy customer freight requirements. We record revenues net of pass-through taxes in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. For the year ended December 31, 2018 , no customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenues. We had one customer who accounted for slightly more than 10% of our consolidated revenues in 2017. No customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenues in 2016. (m) Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment date. We record valuation allowances for deferred tax assets to the extent we believe these assets are not more likely than not to be realized through the reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, or tax-planning strategies. We record a liability for unrecognized tax benefits when the benefits of tax positions taken on a tax return are not more likely than not to be sustained upon audit. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are classified as income tax expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. (n) Earnings Per Share We compute basic earnings per share by dividing net earnings available to common stockholders by the actual weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if holders of unvested restricted and performance share units or options exercised or converted their holdings into common stock. Awards that would have an antidilutive impact are excluded from the calculation and have been deemed immaterial. As disclosed in Note 3 , IPO , our IPO of shares of Class B Common Stock was effective in April 2017. In connection with the offering, we subsequently sold additional shares of common stock. (o) Share-based Compensation We have share-based compensation plans covering certain employees, including officers and directors. We account for share-based compensation using the fair value recognition provisions of current accounting standards for share-based payments. We grant restricted share units, restricted shares, performance share units, performance shares, and nonqualified stock options. We recognize compensation expense over the requisite service periods within each award. See Note 14 , Share-Based Compensation , for more information about our plans. (p) Claims Accruals We are self-insured for loss of and damage to our owned and leased revenue equipment. We purchase insurance coverage for a portion of expenses related to employee injuries, vehicular collisions, accidents, and cargo damage. Certain insurance arrangements include a level of self-insurance (deductible) coverage applicable to each claim. We have excess policies to limit our exposure to catastrophic claim costs. The amounts of self-insurance change from time to time based on measurement dates, policy expiration dates, and claim type. Our claims accrual policy for all self-insured claims is to recognize a liability at the time of the incident based on our analysis of the nature and severity of the claims and analyses provided by third-party claims administrators, as well as legal, economic, and regulatory factors. The ultimate cost of a claim develops over time as additional information regarding the nature, timing, and extent of damages claimed becomes available. Accordingly, we use an actuarial method to develop current claim information to derive an estimate of our ultimate claim liability. This process involves the use of loss-development factors based on our historical claims experience and includes a contractual premium adjustment factor, if applicable. In doing so, the recorded liability considers future claims growth and provides an allowance for incurred-but-not-reported claims. We do not discount our estimated losses. At December 31, 2018 and 2017 , we had an accrual of approximately $ 156.0 million and $ 147.2 million , respectively, for estimated claims net of reinsurance receivables. In addition, we are required to pay certain advanced deposits and monthly premiums. At December 31, 2018 and 2017 , we had an aggregate prepaid insurance asset of approximately $ 9.2 million and $7.9 million , respectively, which represented prefunded premiums and deposits. (q) Accounting Standards Issued but Not Yet Adopted In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which aligns the capitalization requirements for implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the existing capitalization requirements for implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. ASU 2018-15 is effective for us as of January 1, 2020 with early adoption permitted. We currently cannot reasonably estimate the impact the adoption of this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement - Disclosure Requirements, which removes, modifies, and adds certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 is effective for us January 1, 2020 with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements and do not believe the impact will be material. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments , which requires companies to use a forward-looking, expected loss model to estimate credit losses on various types of financial assets and net investments in leases. It also requires additional disclosure related to credit quality of trade and other receivables, including information related to management’s estimate of credit allowances. ASU 2016-13 is effective for us January 1, 2020. We currently cannot reasonably estimate the impact the adoption of this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which amended authoritative guidance on leases and is codified in ASC 842. The amended guidance requires lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets as right-of-use assets along with corresponding lease liabilities. The new standard also requires new disclosures to help financial statement users better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This guidance was effective for us January 1, 2019. In July 2018, the FASB issued additional authoritative guidance providing companies with the option to apply this ASU to new and existing leases within the scope of the guidance as of the beginning of the period of adoption. We elected this transition method of applying the new lease standard and recognized right-of-use assets, lease liabilities, and any cumulative-effect adjustments to the opening balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2019. Prior period amounts will not be adjusted and will continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. Upon adoption of the new standard on January 1, 2019, we elected the package of practical expedients provided under the guidance. The practical expedient package applied to leases that commenced prior to adoption of the new standard and permitted companies not to reassess whether existing or expired contracts are or contain a lease, the lease classification, and any initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company also elected the recognition exemption for equipment leases, which allows the Company to not recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less. Additionally, the Company elected to take the practical expedient to include non-lease components as part of the right-of-use asset and lease liability. A cross-functional implementation team identified the Company's lease population, leveraged and expanded the use of our existing lease software to assist with the reporting and disclosure requirements under the standard, and abstracted and validated our lease information. The adoption of the standard added approximately $80 million in right-of-use assets and related lease obligations to our consolidated balance sheet for operating leases in which we were the lessee as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Leasing activities in which we are the lessor in the transaction are also subject to ASC 842. As a lessor, adopting this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheets but will add to both operating revenues and expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, as certain leases previously treated as direct financing leases will become sales-type leases. |