Loans Held for Investment and Loans Held for Investment at Fair Value | Note 6 — Loans Held for Investment and Loans Held for Investment at Fair Value The following tables summarize loans held for investment as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands): December 31, 2021 Loans held for Loans held for Total loans investment, investment, at held for net fair value investment Unpaid principal balance $ 2,498,466 $ 1,332 $ 2,499,798 Valuation adjustments on FVO loans — 27 27 Deferred loan origination costs 33,360 — 33,360 2,531,826 1,359 2,533,185 Allowance for loan losses ( 4,262 ) — ( 4,262 ) Total loans held for investment, net $ 2,527,564 $ 1,359 $ 2,528,923 December 31, 2020 Loans held for Loans held for Total loans investment, investment, at held for net fair value investment Unpaid principal balance $ 1,930,334 $ 1,541 $ 1,931,875 Valuation adjustments on FVO loans — ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Deferred loan origination costs 23,600 — 23,600 1,953,934 1,539 1,955,473 Allowance for loan losses ( 5,845 ) — ( 5,845 ) Total loans held for investment, net $ 1,948,089 $ 1,539 $ 1,949,628 During the year ended December 31, 2021 , $ 394.7 million in UPB of loans held for investment have participated in the COVID-19 forbearance program and the Company granted a 90-days forbearance period on these loans. The following table summarizes the UPB and amortized cost basis of the loans in the Company's COVID-19 forbearance program as of December 31, 2021 ($ in thousands): December 31, 2021 UPB % Amortized Cost % Beginning balance $ 392,073 $ 396,918 Additions 2,616 2,615 Foreclosures ( 402 ) ( 408 ) Repayments ( 101,858 ) ( 103,135 ) Ending balance $ 292,429 $ 295,990 Performing/Accruing $ 233,307 79.8 % $ 236,076 79.8 % Nonperforming/Nonaccrual $ 59,122 20.2 % $ 59,914 20.2 % December 31, 2020 UPB % Amortized Cost % Beginning balance $ — $ — Additions 438,152 443,479 Foreclosures — — Repayments ( 46,079 ) ( 46,561 ) Ending balance 392,073 396,918 Performing/Accruing $ 327,708 83.6 % $ 330,495 83.3 % Nonperforming/Nonaccrual $ 64,365 16.4 % $ 66,423 16.7 % Since April 1, 2020, the inception of the COVID-19 forbearance program, the Company has modified $ 408.2 million in UPB of loans, which includes capitalized interest of $ 10.1 million. As of December 31, 2021, $ 138.0 million in UPB of modified loans has been paid down, which includes $ 2.4 million of capitalized interest received. Approximately 79.8 % and 83.6 % of the COVID forbearance loans in UPB were performing, and 20.2 % and 16.4 % were on nonaccrual status as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the gross unpaid principal balance of loans held for investment pledged as collateral for the Company’s warehouse facility agreements, and securitizations issued were as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2021 2020 The 2013 repurchase agreement $ 202,511 $ 91,074 The 2015 repurchase agreement 114,072 — The Bank credit agreement 30,959 — The 2021 repurchase agreement 53,217 — Total pledged loans $ 400,759 $ 91,074 2014-1 Trust — 22,228 2015-1 Trust 31,931 48,179 2016-1 Trust 52,623 71,271 2016-2 Trust — 47,282 2017-1 Trust — 81,376 2017-2 Trust 94,809 137,970 2018-1 Trust 71,051 112,042 2018-2 Trust 154,974 224,195 2019-1 Trust 144,727 203,144 2019-2 Trust 132,358 175,560 2019-3 Trust 103,266 135,527 2020-1 Trust 189,547 241,664 2020-2 Trust 98,403 123,646 2020-MC1 Trust 134,957 228,470 2021-1 Trust 249,396 — 2021-2 Trust 198,039 — 2021-3 Trust 202,138 — 2021-4 Trust 314,547 — Total $ 2,172,766 $ 1,852,554 (a) Nonaccrual Loans The following tables present the amortized cost basis, or recorded investment, of the Company’s loans held for investment that were nonperforming and on nonaccrual status as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. The tables also present the amortized cost basis of accruing loans that were 90 days or more past due as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. These loans were granted a forbearance under the Company’s COVID-19 payment forbearance programs ($ in thousands). December 31, 2021 Total Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Loan Loss Nonaccrual with Allowance for Loan Loss Allowance for Loans Individually Evaluated % of Allowance to Total Nonaccrual/ Impaired Loans Loans 90+ DPD Still Accruing COVID-19 Program Commercial - Purchase $ 17,260 $ 16,501 $ 759 $ 9 0.1 % $ — Commercial - Refinance 85,935 79,131 6,804 826 6.2 — Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 17,385 17,128 257 96 0.7 — Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 107,552 105,515 2,037 138 1.0 — Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 2,986 2,881 105 31 0.2 — Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 45,300 41,870 3,430 306 2.3 — Total $ 276,418 $ 263,026 $ 13,392 $ 1,406 10.5 % $ — Troubled debt restructuring included $ 165 $ — $ — $ 25 — $ — December 31, 2020 Total Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Loan Loss Nonaccrual with Allowance for Loan Loss Allowance for Loans Individually Evaluated % of Allowance to Total Nonaccrual/ Impaired Loans Loans 90+ DPD Still Accruing COVID-19 Program Commercial - Purchase $ 22,166 $ 20,955 $ 1,211 $ 153 0.7 % $ — Commercial - Refinance 101,117 96,804 4,313 519 2.3 1,747 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 26,373 25,839 534 128 0.6 — Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 120,152 113,206 6,946 465 2.1 109 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 6,585 3,808 2,777 525 2.4 — Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 59,843 53,616 6,227 878 4.0 123 Total $ 336,236 $ 314,228 $ 22,008 $ 2,668 12.1 % $ 1,979 Troubled debt restructuring included $ 173 $ — $ — $ — — $ — The Company has made the accounting policy election not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables. The Company has also made the accounting policy election to write off accrued interest receivables by reversing interest income when loans are placed on nonaccrual status, or 90 days or more past due, other than the COVID-19 forbearance-granted loans. Any future payments received for these loans will be recognized on a cash basis. The Company continues to evaluate the COVID-19 forbearance-granted loans on an individual basis to determine if a reserve should be established on the collectability of the accrued interest and whether any loans should be placed on nonaccrual status at a future date. The following table presents the amortized cost basis in the loans held for investment as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the amount of accrued interest receivables written off by reversing interest income by portfolio segment for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands): December 31, 2021 2020 Amortized Cost Interest Reversal Amortized Cost Interest Reversal Commercial - Purchase $ 509,421 $ ( 346 ) $ 300,903 $ ( 827 ) Commercial - Refinance 783,260 ( 1,176 ) 685,097 ( 3,798 ) Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 408,770 ( 209 ) 224,593 ( 887 ) Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 730,321 ( 1,474 ) 566,925 ( 4,186 ) Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 28,989 ( 821 ) 43,325 ( 160 ) Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 71,065 ( 653 ) 133,091 ( 1,039 ) Total $ 2,531,826 $ ( 4,679 ) $ 1,953,934 $ ( 10,897 ) For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 , cash basis interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans was $ 31.2 million and $ 17.5 million, respectively. Other than loans in the Company's COVID-19 forbearance program, no accrued interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 . The average recorded investment of individually evaluated loans, computed using month-end balances, was $ 311.2 million and $ 250.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. There were no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans have been modified as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. (b) Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2021 decreased to $ 4.3 million from $ 5.8 million as of January 1, 2021, primarily due to the lessening impact of COVID 19 on economic conditions and forecasts. The following tables present the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands): December 31, 2021 Residential Residential Short Term Short Term Commercial Commercial 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit Purchase Refinance Purchase Refinance Purchase Refinance Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance - January 1, 2021 $ 373 $ 2,093 $ 333 $ 1,216 $ 595 $ 1,235 $ 5,845 Provision for loan losses 154 164 104 ( 60 ) ( 538 ) ( 116 ) ( 292 ) Charge-offs ( 142 ) ( 113 ) ( 37 ) ( 208 ) ( 14 ) ( 777 ) ( 1,291 ) Ending balance $ 385 $ 2,144 $ 400 $ 948 $ 43 $ 342 $ 4,262 Allowance related to: Loans individually evaluated $ 9 $ 826 $ 96 $ 138 $ 31 $ 306 $ 1,406 Loans collectively evaluated $ 376 $ 1,318 $ 305 $ 811 $ 10 $ 36 $ 2,856 Amortized cost related to: Loans individually evaluated $ 17,260 $ 85,935 $ 17,385 $ 107,552 $ 2,986 $ 45,300 $ 276,418 Loans collectively evaluated $ 492,161 $ 697,326 $ 391,385 $ 622,768 $ 26,003 $ 25,765 $ 2,255,408 December 31, 2020 Residential Residential Short Term Short Term Commercial Commercial 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit Purchase Refinance Purchase Refinance Purchase Refinance Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance, prior to adoption of ASC 326 $ 304 $ 1,016 $ 148 $ 772 $ — $ — $ 2,240 Impact of adopting ASC 326 19 62 9 47 — — 137 Balance - January 1, 2020 $ 323 $ 1,078 $ 157 $ 819 $ — $ — $ 2,377 Provision for loan losses (1) 129 1,233 349 440 645 2,272 5,068 Charge-offs ( 79 ) ( 218 ) ( 173 ) ( 43 ) ( 50 ) ( 1,037 ) ( 1,600 ) Ending balance $ 373 $ 2,093 $ 333 $ 1,216 $ 595 $ 1,235 $ 5,845 Allowance related to: Loans individually evaluated $ 153 $ 519 $ 128 $ 465 $ 525 $ 878 $ 2,668 Loans collectively evaluated $ 220 $ 1,574 $ 205 $ 751 $ 69 $ 357 $ 3,176 Amortized cost related to: Loans individually evaluated $ 22,166 $ 101,117 $ 26,373 $ 120,152 $ 6,585 $ 59,843 $ 336,236 Loans collectively evaluated $ 278,738 $ 583,981 $ 198,220 $ 446,773 $ 36,738 $ 73,248 $ 1,617,698 (1) The provision for loans losses would have been approximately $ 3.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, excluding the $ 1.2 million impact from the loans held for sale transferred to loans held for investment. The additional $ 1.2 million provision was mainly offset by the reversal of the $ 1.3 million valuation allowance on the held for sale loans, which was recorded to “Other Income” in the consolidated statements of income. (c) Credit Quality Indicator A credit quality indicator is a statistic used by the Company to monitor and assess the credit quality of loans held for investment, excluding loans held for investment at fair value. The Company monitors its charge-off rate in relation to its nonperforming loans as its credit quality indicator. The charge-offs over the average nonperforming loans were 0.42 % and 0.65 % for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 , respectively. The recovery rate on nonperforming assets were 104.2 % and 103.1 % for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Other credit quality indicators include aging status and accrual status. Nonperforming loans are loans that are 90 or more days past due, in bankruptcy, in foreclosure, or not accruing interest. The following tables present the aging status of the amortized cost basis in the loans held for investment portfolio, which include $ 296.0 million and $ 396.9 million loans in the Company’s COVID-19 forbearance program as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively (in thousands): 30–59 days 60–89 days 90+days Total Total December 31, 2021 past due past due past due (1) past due Current loans Loans individually evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 700 $ 2,314 $ 14,246 $ 17,260 $ — $ 17,260 Commercial - Refinance 4,464 6,818 74,488 85,770 165 85,935 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase — 682 16,703 17,385 — 17,385 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 807 1,088 105,657 107,552 — 107,552 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 1,224 — 1,762 2,986 — 2,986 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 615 1,010 43,675 45,300 — 45,300 Total loans individually evaluated $ 7,810 $ 11,912 $ 256,531 $ 276,253 $ 165 $ 276,418 Loans collectively evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 17,319 $ 4,034 $ — $ 21,353 $ 470,808 $ 492,161 Commercial - Refinance 31,769 7,025 — 38,794 658,532 697,326 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 14,905 5,580 — 20,485 370,900 391,385 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 39,045 9,548 — 48,593 574,175 622,768 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 21,412 217 — 21,629 4,374 26,003 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 4,060 5,561 — 9,621 16,144 25,765 Total loans collectively evaluated $ 128,510 $ 31,965 $ — $ 160,475 $ 2,094,933 $ 2,255,408 Ending balance $ 136,320 $ 43,877 $ 256,531 $ 436,728 $ 2,095,098 $ 2,531,826 (1) Includes loans in bankruptcy and foreclosure less than 90 days past due . 30–59 days 60–89 days 90+days Total Total December 31, 2020 past due past due past due (1) past due Current loans Loans individually evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 961 $ 1,307 $ 19,898 $ 22,166 $ — $ 22,166 Commercial - Refinance 2,118 7,532 91,467 101,117 — 101,117 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 192 2,915 23,266 26,373 — 26,373 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 1,440 3,010 115,702 120,152 — 120,152 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase — — 6,585 6,585 — 6,585 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 964 760 58,119 59,843 — 59,843 Total loans individually evaluated $ 5,675 $ 15,524 $ 315,037 $ 336,236 $ — $ 336,236 Loans collectively evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 8,000 $ 7,081 $ — $ 15,081 $ 263,657 $ 278,738 Commercial - Refinance 33,725 13,224 1,747 48,696 535,285 583,981 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 5,030 1,261 — 6,291 191,928 198,219 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 33,144 14,567 109 47,820 398,953 446,773 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 1,972 21,780 — 23,752 12,987 36,739 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 8,406 5,383 123 13,912 59,336 73,248 Total loans collectively evaluated $ 90,277 $ 63,296 $ 1,979 $ 155,552 $ 1,462,146 $ 1,617,698 Ending balance $ 95,952 $ 78,820 $ 317,016 $ 491,788 $ 1,462,146 $ 1,953,934 (1) Includes loans in bankruptcy and foreclosure less than 90 days past due . The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost basis of loans held for investment in the Company's COVID-19 forbearance program as of December 31, 2021 (in thousands): 30–59 days 60–89 days 90+days Total Total December 31, 2021 past due past due past due (1) past due Current loans Loans individually evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 163 $ 1,622 $ 4,259 $ 6,044 $ — $ 6,044 Commercial - Refinance — 2,820 18,520 21,340 — 21,340 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase — — 3,045 3,045 — 3,045 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance — — 22,670 22,670 — 22,670 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 99 — 180 279 — 279 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 404 299 5,833 6,536 — 6,536 Total loans individually evaluated $ 666 $ 4,741 $ 54,507 $ 59,914 $ — $ 59,914 Loans collectively evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 2,209 $ 1,158 $ — $ 3,367 $ 30,904 $ 34,271 Commercial - Refinance 8,309 2,444 — 10,753 90,040 100,793 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 315 231 — 546 18,321 18,867 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 4,086 319 — 4,405 48,314 52,719 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 20,869 — — 20,869 761 21,630 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 942 4,149 — 5,091 2,705 7,796 Total loans collectively evaluated $ 36,730 $ 8,301 $ — $ 45,031 $ 191,045 $ 236,076 Ending balance $ 37,396 $ 13,042 $ 54,507 $ 104,945 $ 191,045 $ 295,990 (2) (1) Includes loans in bankruptcy and foreclosure less than 90 days past due. Also includes accruing loans 90+ day past due. (2) Net of $ 103.1 million (amortized cost basis) payoffs from the Company’s COVID-19 forbearance loans. In addition to the aging status, the Company also evaluates credit quality by accrual status. The following tables present the amortized cost in loans held for investment, excluding loans held for investment at fair value, based on accrual status and by loan origination year as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands). Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year December 31, 2021: 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Pre-2017 Total Commercial - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 277,618 $ 45,836 $ 81,541 $ 46,637 $ 24,164 $ 16,365 $ 492,161 Nonperforming 288 1,781 5,541 4,180 3,539 1,931 17,260 Total Commercial - Purchase $ 277,906 $ 47,617 $ 87,082 $ 50,817 $ 27,703 $ 18,296 $ 509,421 Commercial - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 239,688 $ 64,966 $ 144,017 $ 118,735 $ 62,374 $ 67,545 $ 697,325 Nonperforming 2,482 3,949 26,012 26,869 16,492 10,131 85,935 Total Commercial - Refinance $ 242,170 $ 68,915 $ 170,029 $ 145,604 $ 78,866 $ 77,676 $ 783,260 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 263,180 $ 12,878 $ 48,930 $ 29,544 $ 12,863 $ 23,990 $ 391,385 Nonperforming 1,372 2,749 3,896 3,736 3,487 2,145 17,385 Total Residential 1-4 $ 264,552 $ 15,627 $ 52,826 $ 33,280 $ 16,350 $ 26,135 $ 408,770 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 343,199 $ 31,334 $ 114,145 $ 59,825 $ 31,774 $ 42,491 $ 622,768 Nonperforming 11,646 6,040 31,816 30,626 16,677 10,747 107,552 Total Residential 1-4 $ 354,845 $ 37,374 $ 145,961 $ 90,451 $ 48,451 $ 53,238 $ 730,320 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 1,890 $ 15,582 $ 8,531 $ — $ — $ — $ 26,003 Nonperforming — 1,565 1,316 105 — — 2,986 Total Short Term 1-4 $ 1,890 $ 17,147 $ 9,847 $ 105 $ — $ — $ 28,989 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 1,448 $ 11,991 $ 12,326 $ — $ — $ — $ 25,765 Nonperforming 1,038 15,819 22,618 5,825 — — 45,300 Total Short Term 1-4 $ 2,486 $ 27,810 $ 34,944 $ 5,825 $ — $ — $ 71,065 Total Portfolio $ 1,143,849 $ 214,490 $ 500,689 $ 326,082 $ 171,370 $ 175,345 $ 2,531,825 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year December 31, 2020: 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Pre-2016 Total Commercial - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 56,446 $ 99,534 $ 64,706 $ 34,862 $ 9,500 $ 13,690 $ 278,738 Nonperforming 1,046 4,666 5,799 7,182 1,539 1,934 22,166 Total Commercial - Purchase $ 57,492 $ 104,200 $ 70,505 $ 42,044 $ 11,039 $ 15,624 $ 300,904 Commercial - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 75,376 $ 176,854 $ 157,499 $ 87,476 $ 34,858 $ 51,918 $ 583,981 Nonperforming 4,929 26,776 32,955 18,980 10,392 7,085 101,117 Total Commercial - Refinance $ 80,305 $ 203,630 $ 190,454 $ 106,456 $ 45,250 $ 59,003 $ 685,098 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 26,215 $ 69,775 $ 42,537 $ 25,874 $ 7,056 $ 26,762 $ 198,219 Nonperforming 1,611 5,973 8,949 5,059 1,348 3,433 26,373 Total Residential 1-4 $ 27,826 $ 75,748 $ 51,486 $ 30,933 $ 8,404 $ 30,195 $ 224,592 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 57,945 $ 168,912 $ 96,568 $ 61,033 $ 22,949 $ 39,366 $ 446,773 Nonperforming 3,934 42,159 37,451 17,942 7,653 11,013 120,152 Total Residential 1-4 $ 61,879 $ 211,071 $ 134,019 $ 78,975 $ 30,602 $ 50,379 $ 566,925 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 20,563 $ 15,990 $ 186 $ — $ — $ — $ 36,739 Nonperforming 3,764 2,217 604 — — — 6,585 Total Short Term 1-4 $ 24,327 $ 18,207 $ 790 $ — $ — $ — $ 43,324 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 35,234 $ 37,818 $ 196 $ — $ — $ — $ 73,248 Nonperforming 17,318 33,711 8,719 95 — — 59,843 Total Short Term 1-4 $ 52,552 $ 71,529 $ 8,915 $ 95 $ — $ — $ 133,091 Total Portfolio $ 304,381 $ 684,385 $ 456,169 $ 258,503 $ 95,295 $ 155,201 $ 1,953,934 |