Loans Held for Investment and Loans Held for Investment at Fair Value | Note 6 — Loans Held for Investment and Loans Held for Investment at Fair Value The following tables summarize loans held for investment as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands): March 31, 2022 Loans held for investment, net Loans held for investment, at fair value Total loans held for investment Unpaid principal balance $ 2,798,632 $ 1,315 $ 2,799,947 Valuation adjustments on FVO loans — 37 37 Deferred loan origination costs 34,334 — 34,334 2,832,966 1,352 2,834,318 Allowance for loan losses ( 4,664 ) — ( 4,664 ) Total loans held for investment and loans held for investment at $ 2,828,302 $ 1,352 $ 2,829,654 December 31, 2021 Loans held for investment, net Loans held for investment, at fair value Total loans held for investment Unpaid principal balance $ 2,498,466 $ 1,332 $ 2,499,798 Valuation adjustments on FVO loans — 27 27 Deferred loan origination costs 33,360 — 33,360 2,531,826 1,359 2,533,185 Allowance for loan losses ( 4,262 ) — ( 4,262 ) Total loans held for investment and loans held for investment at $ 2,527,564 $ 1,359 $ 2,528,923 The following tables summarize the Unpaid Principal Balance (“UPB”) and amortized cost basis of loans in the Company's COVID-19 forbearance program for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021 ($ in thousands): March 31, 2022 UPB % Amortized Cost % Beginning balance $ 292,429 $ 295,990 Additions — — Foreclosures — — Repayments ( 31,720 ) ( 32,130 ) Ending balance $ 260,709 $ 263,860 Performing/Accruing $ 206,495 79.2 % $ 209,033 79.2 % Nonperforming/Nonaccrual $ 54,214 20.8 % $ 54,827 20.8 % December 31, 2021 UPB % Amortized Cost % Beginning balance $ 392,073 $ 396,918 Additions 2,616 2,615 Foreclosures ( 402 ) ( 408 ) Repayments ( 101,858 ) ( 103,135 ) Ending balance $ 292,429 $ 295,990 Performing/Accruing $ 233,307 79.8 % $ 236,076 79.8 % Nonperforming/Nonaccrual $ 59,122 20.2 % $ 59,914 20.2 % Since April 1, 2020, the inception of the COVID-19 forbearance program, the Company has modified $ 408.7 million in UPB of loans, which includes capitalized interest of $ 10.5 million. As of March 31, 2022, $ 167.4 million in UPB of modified loans has been paid down, which includes $ 3.3 million of capitalized interest received and we have not forgiven any capitalized interest. Approximately 79.2 % and 79.8 % of the COVID forbearance loans in UPB were performing, and 20.8 % and 20.2 % were on nonaccrual status as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the gross unpaid principal balance of loans held for investment pledged as collateral for the Company’s warehouse facilities, and securitizations issued were as follows (in thousands): March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 The 2013 repurchase agreement $ 249,172 $ 202,511 The 2021 repurchase agreement 214,612 114,072 The Bank credit agreement 47,153 30,959 The 2021 term repurchase agreement 42,151 53,217 The July 2021 term repurchase agreement 2,873 — Total pledged loans $ 555,961 $ 400,759 2015-1 Trust 29,198 31,931 2016-1 Trust 48,686 52,623 2017-2 Trust 84,592 94,809 2018-1 Trust 63,955 71,051 2018-2 Trust 138,776 154,974 2019-1 Trust 127,360 144,727 2019-2 Trust 122,774 132,358 2019-3 Trust 98,414 103,266 2020-1 Trust 174,770 189,547 2020-2 Trust 90,335 98,403 2020-MC1 Trust 115,709 134,957 2021-1 Trust 242,200 249,396 2021-2 Trust 192,130 198,039 2021-3 Trust 198,949 202,138 2021-4 Trust 302,541 314,547 2022-1 Trust 274,402 — Total $ 2,304,791 $ 2,172,766 (a) Nonaccrual Loans The following tables present the amortized cost basis, or recorded investment, of the Company’s loans held for investment that were nonperforming and on nonaccrual status as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. There were no loans accruing interest that were greater than 90 days past due as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. March 31, 2022 Total Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Loan Loss Nonaccrual with Allowance for Loan Loss Allowance for Loans Individually Evaluated % of Allowance to Total Nonaccrual Loans with Allowance ($ in thousands) Commercial - Purchase $ 16,712 $ 15,731 $ 981 $ 28 0.2 % Commercial - Refinance 83,695 77,673 6,022 770 5.4 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 24,934 24,677 257 96 0.7 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 107,362 105,273 2,089 198 1.4 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 2,869 2,764 105 32 0.2 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 43,231 38,506 4,725 475 3.4 Total $ 278,803 $ 264,624 $ 14,179 $ 1,599 11.3 % Troubled Debt Restructuring included $ 165 $ — $ — $ 25 — December 31, 2021 Total Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Loan Loss Nonaccrual with Allowance for Loan Loss Allowance for Loans Individually Evaluated % of Allowance to Total Nonaccrual Loans with Allowance ($ in thousands) Commercial - Purchase $ 17,260 $ 16,501 $ 759 $ 9 0.1 % Commercial - Refinance 85,935 79,131 6,804 826 6.2 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 17,385 17,128 257 96 0.7 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 107,552 105,515 2,037 138 1.0 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 2,986 2,881 105 31 0.2 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 45,300 41,870 3,430 306 2.3 Total $ 276,418 $ 263,026 $ 13,392 $ 1,406 10.5 % Troubled Debt Restructuring included $ 165 $ — $ — $ 25 — The Company has made the accounting policy election not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables. The Company has also made the accounting policy election to write off accrued interest receivables by reversing interest income when loans are placed on nonaccrual status, or 90 days or more past due. The Company will continue to evaluate the COVID-19 forbearance-granted loans on an individual basis to determine if a reserve should be established on the collectability of the accrued interest and whether any loans should be placed on nonaccrual status at a future date. The following tables present the amortized cost basis in the loans held for investment, excluding loans held for investment at fair value, as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, and the amount of accrued interest receivables written off by reversing interest income by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 2021 Amortized Cost Interest Reversal Amortized Cost Interest Reversal Commercial - Purchase $ 609,232 $ ( 115 ) $ 326,082 $ ( 140 ) Commercial - Refinance 889,829 ( 253 ) 693,247 ( 468 ) Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 448,727 ( 219 ) 239,201 ( 58 ) Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 782,105 ( 298 ) 598,744 ( 521 ) Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 38,683 ( 22 ) 40,739 ( 46 ) Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 64,390 ( 238 ) 116,373 ( 242 ) Total $ 2,832,966 $ ( 1,145 ) $ 2,014,386 $ ( 1,475 ) For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 cash basis interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans was $ 7.3 million and $ 6.7 million, respectively. No accrued interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans for the three months ended March 31, 2022, and i nterest income recognized on loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $ 5.0 thousand. The average recorded investment of individually evaluated loans, computed using month-end balances, was $ 281.9 million and $ 337.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. There were no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans have been modified as of March 31, 2022 and 2021. (b) Allowance for Credit Losses The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level deemed adequate by management to provide for expected losses in the portfolio at the balance sheet date. The allowance for credit losses is measured using two components. A component that measures expected credit losses on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist and a component that measures expected credit losses on an individual loan basis. To estimate the allowance for credit losses in the loans held for investment portfolio, management follows a detailed internal process, considering a number of different factors including, but not limited to, the ongoing analyses of loans, historical loss rates, relevant environmental factors, relevant market research, trends in delinquencies, effects and changes in credit concentrations, and ongoing evaluation of fair values. The Company uses an open pool loss rate methodology to model expected credit losses on a collective basis. To determine the loss rates for the open pool method, the Company starts with its historical database of losses, segmenting the loans by loan purpose, product type and repayment period. A third-party model applying the open pool method is used to estimate an annual average loss rates by dividing the respective pool's quarterly historical losses by the pool's respective prior quarter’s ending unamortized loan cost balance and deriving an annual average loss rate from the historical quarterly loss rates. The model then adjusts the annual average loss rates based upon macroeconomic forecasts over a reasonable and supportable period, followed by a straight-line reversion to the historical loss rates. The adjusted annual average loss rates are applied to the forecasted pool balance within each segment. The forecasted balances in the loan pool segments are calculated based on a principal amortization using contractual maturity, factoring in further principal reductions from estimated prepayments. For the March 31, 2022 estimate, the Company considered a severe stress scenario with a five-quarter reasonable and supportable forecast period followed by a four-quarter straight-line reversion period. Management concluded that applying the severe stress scenario was appropriate given the uncertainty around future COVID cases, the war between Russia and Ukraine, spike in inflation, and the continued disruption in the supply chain. Once a loan becomes nonperforming (90 or more days past due), it no longer shares the same risk characteristics of the other loans within its segment of homogeneous loans (pool). Nonperforming loans are considered collateral dependent by the Company. These loans are evaluated individually using the practical expedient to determine the credit exposure. The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 Residential Residential Short Term Short Term Commercial Commercial 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit Purchase Refinance Purchase Refinance Purchase Refinance Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning Balance - January 1, 2022 $ 385 $ 2,144 $ 400 $ 948 $ 43 $ 342 $ 4,262 Provision for loan losses (1) 281 1 ( 11 ) 186 7 266 730 Charge-offs ( 147 ) ( 5 ) — ( 105 ) — ( 71 ) ( 328 ) Ending balance $ 519 $ 2,140 $ 389 $ 1,029 $ 50 $ 537 $ 4,664 Allowance related to: Loans individually evaluated $ 28 $ 770 $ 96 $ 198 $ 32 $ 475 $ 1,599 Loans collectively evaluated 490 1,370 293 832 17 62 3,064 Amortized cost related to: Loans individually evaluated $ 16,712 $ 83,695 $ 24,934 $ 107,362 $ 2,869 $ 43,231 $ 278,803 Loans collectively evaluated 592,520 806,134 423,793 674,743 35,814 21,159 2,554,163 Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 Residential Residential Short Term Short Term Commercial Commercial 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit Purchase Refinance Purchase Refinance Purchase Refinance Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning Balance - January 1,2021 $ 373 $ 2,093 $ 333 $ 1,216 $ 595 $ 1,235 5,845 Provision for loan losses (1) ( 45 ) ( 103 ) 26 11 ( 195 ) 411 105 Charge-offs — — ( 37 ) — ( 14 ) ( 18 ) ( 69 ) Ending balance $ 328 $ 1,990 $ 322 $ 1,227 $ 386 $ 1,646 $ 5,881 Allowance related to: Loans individually evaluated $ 116 $ 570 $ 96 $ 525 $ 323 $ 1,347 2,977 Loans collectively evaluated 212 1,419 226 703 63 281 2,904 Amortized cost related to: Loans individually evaluated $ 22,241 $ 103,778 $ 21,857 $ 127,106 $ 4,345 $ 59,434 $ 338,761 Loans collectively evaluated 303,841 589,469 217,344 471,638 36,394 56,939 1,675,625 (1) The provision for loan losses increased from approximately $ 0.1 million for the three months ended March 31,2021 to $ 0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 due mainly to an increase in the held for investment loan portfolio. (c) Credit Quality Indicator A credit quality indicator is a statistic used by the Company to monitor and assess the credit quality of loans held for investment, excluding loans held for investment at fair value. The Company monitors its charge-off rate in relation to its nonperforming loans as its credit quality indicator. Nonperforming loans are loans that are 90 or more days past due, in bankruptcy, in foreclosure, or not accruing interest. As of March 31, 2022, the annualized charge-off rate was 0.47 % of average nonperforming loans. The charge-off rate was 0.42 % for the year ended December 31, 2021. Other credit quality indicators include aging status and accrual status. The following table presents the aging status of the amortized cost basis in the loans held for investment portfolio, excluding loans held for investment at fair value, which include $ 263.9 million and $ 296.0 million loans in the Company’s COVID-19 forbearance program as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively (in thousands): 30–59 days 60–89 days 90+days Total Total March 31, 2022 past due past due past due (1) past due Current loans Loans individually evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 2,132 $ 1,468 $ 13,112 $ 16,712 $ — $ 16,712 Commercial - Refinance 4,074 6,660 72,961 83,695 — 83,695 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 322 249 24,363 24,934 — 24,934 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 3,209 3,948 100,205 107,362 — 107,362 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase — 99 2,770 2,869 — 2,869 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 2,749 1,580 38,902 43,231 — 43,231 Total loans individually evaluated $ 12,486 $ 14,004 $ 252,313 $ 278,803 $ — $ 278,803 Loans collectively evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 16,861 $ 7,650 $ — $ 24,511 $ 568,009 $ 592,520 Commercial - Refinance 33,414 15,803 — 49,217 756,917 806,134 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 11,000 1,993 — 12,993 410,800 423,793 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 27,634 14,535 — 42,169 632,574 674,743 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 3,350 — — 3,350 32,464 35,814 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 3,081 2,306 — 5,387 15,772 21,159 Total loans collectively evaluated $ 95,340 $ 42,287 $ — $ 137,627 $ 2,416,536 $ 2,554,163 Ending balance $ 107,826 $ 56,291 $ 252,313 $ 416,430 $ 2,416,536 $ 2,832,966 30–59 days 60–89 days 90+days Total Total December 31, 2021 past due past due past due (1) past due Current loans Loans individually evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 700 $ 2,314 $ 14,246 $ 17,260 $ — $ 17,260 Commercial - Refinance 4,464 6,818 74,488 85,770 165 85,935 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase — 682 16,703 17,385 — 17,385 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 807 1,088 105,657 107,552 — 107,552 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 1,224 — 1,762 2,986 — 2,986 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 615 1,010 43,675 45,300 — 45,300 Total loans individually evaluated $ 7,810 $ 11,912 $ 256,531 $ 276,253 $ 165 $ 276,418 Loans collectively evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 17,319 $ 4,034 $ — $ 21,353 $ 470,808 $ 492,161 Commercial - Refinance 31,769 7,025 — 38,794 658,532 697,326 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 14,905 5,580 — 20,485 370,900 391,385 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 39,045 9,548 — 48,593 574,175 622,768 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 21,412 217 — 21,629 4,374 26,003 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 4,060 5,561 — 9,621 16,144 25,765 Total loans collectively evaluated $ 128,510 $ 31,965 $ — $ 160,475 $ 2,094,933 $ 2,255,408 Ending balance $ 136,320 $ 43,877 $ 256,531 $ 436,728 $ 2,095,098 $ 2,531,826 (1) Includes loans in bankruptcy and foreclosure less than 90 days past due. In addition to the aging status, the Company also evaluates credit quality by accrual status. The following tables present the amortized cost in loans held for investment, excluding loans held for investment at fair value, based on accrual status and by loan origination year as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands). Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year March 31, 2022: 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Pre-2018 Total Commercial - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 126,178 $ 271,850 $ 43,643 $ 72,467 $ 41,001 $ 37,381 $ 592,520 Nonperforming — 1,310 186 6,945 3,335 4,936 16,712 Total Commercial - Purchase $ 126,178 $ 273,160 $ 43,829 $ 79,412 $ 44,336 $ 42,317 $ 609,232 Commercial - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 150,900 $ 233,066 $ 63,018 $ 136,891 $ 108,844 $ 113,415 $ 806,134 Nonperforming — 5,644 3,240 23,869 23,908 27,034 83,695 Total Commercial - Refinance $ 150,900 $ 238,710 $ 66,258 $ 160,760 $ 132,752 $ 140,449 $ 889,829 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 59,343 $ 251,221 $ 12,751 $ 44,716 $ 24,706 $ 31,056 $ 423,793 Nonperforming — 9,742 2,171 4,126 3,566 5,329 24,934 Total Residential 1-4 $ 59,343 $ 260,963 $ 14,922 $ 48,842 $ 28,272 $ 36,385 $ 448,727 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 95,030 $ 328,551 $ 27,422 $ 103,584 $ 51,501 $ 68,655 $ 674,743 Nonperforming — 16,473 7,005 30,117 28,765 25,002 107,362 Total Residential 1-4 $ 95,030 $ 345,024 $ 34,427 $ 133,701 $ 80,266 $ 93,657 $ 782,105 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 9,018 $ 7,412 $ 14,980 $ 4,404 $ — $ — $ 35,814 Nonperforming — — 1,562 1,202 105 — 2,869 Total Short Term 1-4 $ 9,018 $ 7,412 $ 16,542 $ 5,606 $ 105 $ — $ 38,683 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 7,301 $ 1,638 $ 8,051 $ 4,169 $ — $ — $ 21,159 Nonperforming — 243 13,679 23,695 5,614 — 43,231 Total Short Term 1-4 $ 7,301 $ 1,881 $ 21,730 $ 27,864 $ 5,614 $ — $ 64,390 Total Portfolio $ 447,770 $ 1,127,150 $ 197,708 $ 456,185 $ 291,345 $ 312,808 $ 2,832,966 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year December 31, 2021 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Pre-2017 Total Commercial - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 277,618 $ 45,836 $ 81,541 $ 46,637 $ 24,164 $ 16,365 $ 492,161 Nonperforming 288 1,781 5,541 4,180 3,539 1,931 17,260 Total Commercial - Purchase $ 277,906 $ 47,617 $ 87,082 $ 50,817 $ 27,703 $ 18,296 $ 509,421 Commercial - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 239,688 $ 64,966 $ 144,017 $ 118,735 $ 62,374 $ 67,545 $ 697,325 Nonperforming 2,482 3,949 26,012 26,869 16,492 10,131 85,935 Total Commercial - Refinance $ 242,170 $ 68,915 $ 170,029 $ 145,604 $ 78,866 $ 77,676 $ 783,260 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 263,180 $ 12,878 $ 48,930 $ 29,544 $ 12,863 $ 23,990 $ 391,385 Nonperforming 1,372 2,749 3,896 3,736 3,487 2,145 17,385 Total Residential 1-4 $ 264,552 $ 15,627 $ 52,826 $ 33,280 $ 16,350 $ 26,135 $ 408,770 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 343,199 $ 31,334 $ 114,145 $ 59,825 $ 31,774 $ 42,492 $ 622,769 Nonperforming 11,646 6,040 31,816 30,626 16,677 10,747 107,552 Total Residential 1-4 $ 354,845 $ 37,374 $ 145,961 $ 90,451 $ 48,451 $ 53,239 $ 730,321 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 1,890 $ 15,582 $ 8,531 $ — $ — $ — $ 26,003 Nonperforming — 1,565 1,316 105 — — 2,986 Total Short Term 1-4 $ 1,890 $ 17,147 $ 9,847 $ 105 $ — $ — $ 28,989 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 1,448 $ 11,991 $ 12,326 $ — $ — $ — $ 25,765 Nonperforming 1,038 15,819 22,618 5,825 — — 45,300 Total Short Term 1-4 $ 2,486 $ 27,810 $ 34,944 $ 5,825 $ — $ — $ 71,065 Total Portfolio $ 1,143,849 $ 214,490 $ 500,689 $ 326,082 $ 171,370 $ 175,346 $ 2,531,826 |