Loans Held for Investment and Loans Held for Investment at Fair Value | Note 6 — Loans Held for Investment and Loans Held for Investment at Fair Value The following tables summarize loans held for investment as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023 (in thousands): March 31, 2024 Loans held for investment, net Loans held for investment, at fair value Total loans held for investment Unpaid principal balance $ 2,705,612 $ 1,575,921 $ 4,281,533 Valuation adjustments on FVO loans — 73,619 73,619 Deferred loan origination costs 27,173 — 27,173 2,732,785 1,649,540 4,382,325 Allowance for loan losses ( 5,267 ) — ( 5,267 ) Total loans held for investment and loans held for investment at $ 2,727,518 $ 1,649,540 $ 4,377,058 December 31, 2023 Loans held for investment, net Loans held for investment, at fair value Total loans held for investment Unpaid principal balance $ 2,804,541 $ 1,251,395 $ 4,055,936 Valuation adjustments on FVO loans — 54,677 54,677 Deferred loan origination costs 28,351 — 28,351 2,832,892 1,306,072 4,138,964 Allowance for loan losses ( 4,769 ) — ( 4,769 ) Total loans held for investment and loans held for investment at $ 2,828,123 $ 1,306,072 $ 4,134,195 The following tables summarize the Unpaid Principal Balance (“UPB”) and amortized cost basis of loans in the Company's COVID-19 forbearance program for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and the year ended December 31, 2023 ($ in thousands): March 31, 2024 UPB % Amortized Cost % Beginning balance $ 174,571 $ 176,515 Foreclosures ( 1,633 ) ( 1,677 ) Repayments ( 7,797 ) ( 7,855 ) Ending balance $ 165,141 $ 166,983 Performing/Accruing $ 120,077 72.7 % $ 121,370 72.7 % Nonperforming/Nonaccrual $ 45,064 27.3 % $ 45,613 27.3 % December 31, 2023 UPB % Amortized Cost % Beginning balance $ 201,005 $ 203,346 Foreclosures ( 833 ) ( 830 ) Repayments ( 25,601 ) ( 26,001 ) Ending balance $ 174,571 $ 176,515 Performing/Accruing $ 132,389 75.8 % $ 133,771 75.8 % Nonperforming/Nonaccrual $ 42,182 24.2 % $ 42,744 24.2 % Since April 1, 2020, the inception of the COVID-19 forbearance program, the Company has modified $ 411.8 million in UPB of loans, which includes capitalized interest of $ 13.6 million. As of March 31, 2024, $ 249.5 million in UPB of modified loans has been paid down, which includes $ 5.8 million of capitalized interest received. The Company has not forgiven any capitalized interest. Approximately 72.7 % and 75.8 % of the COVID forbearance loans in UPB were performing, and 27.3 % and 24.2 % were on nonaccrual status as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the gross unpaid principal balances of loans held for investment pledged as collateral for the Company’s warehouse facilities and securitized debt issued were as follows (in thousands): March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 The 2013 repurchase agreement $ 128,294 $ 132,505 The 2021 repurchase agreement 119,362 103,787 The Bank credit agreement 62,222 39,619 The 2021 term repurchase agreement 60,510 41,628 The July 2021 term repurchase agreement 39,805 30,923 The 2023 repurchase agreement 68,281 29,501 Total pledged loans $ 478,474 $ 377,963 2017-2 Trust $ 46,500 $ 50,554 2018-1 Trust 35,474 37,810 2018-2 Trust 80,183 85,122 2019-1 Trust 82,526 87,677 2019-2 Trust 67,536 73,166 2019-3 Trust 62,325 64,403 2020-1 Trust 110,147 116,843 2020-2 Trust 66,331 69,085 2021-1 Trust 175,819 182,184 2021-2 Trust 145,314 148,989 2021-3 Trust 155,463 159,565 2021-4 Trust 239,094 245,945 2022-1 Trust 242,899 245,372 2022-2 Trust 218,411 222,333 2022-MC1 Trust 64,654 73,840 2022-3 Trust 273,486 278,268 2022-4 Trust 291,804 298,758 2022-5 Trust 216,322 223,112 2023-1 Trust 211,047 217,220 2023-2 Trust 203,676 214,221 2023-3 Trust 249,396 255,699 2023-RTL1 Trust 77,761 79,465 2023-4 Trust 217,925 227,940 2024-1 Trust 218,810 — Total $ 3,752,903 $ 3,657,571 (a) Nonaccrual Loans The following tables present the amortized cost basis, or recorded investment, of the Company’s loans held for investment, excluding loans carried at fair value, that were nonperforming and on nonaccrual status as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. There were no loans accruing interest that were greater than 90 days past due as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. March 31, 2024 Total Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Loan Loss Nonaccrual with Allowance for Loan Loss Allowance for Loans Individually Evaluated ($ in thousands) Commercial - Purchase $ 28,127 $ 26,843 $ 1,284 $ 130 Commercial - Refinance 97,571 93,511 4,060 642 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 38,090 36,962 1,128 185 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 130,052 124,779 5,273 253 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 5,584 5,584 — — Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 28,140 25,536 2,604 221 Total $ 327,564 $ 313,215 $ 14,349 $ 1,431 December 31, 2023 Total Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Loan Loss Nonaccrual with Allowance for Loan Loss Allowance for Loans Individually Evaluated ($ in thousands) Commercial - Purchase $ 28,221 $ 27,037 $ 1,184 $ 156 Commercial - Refinance 86,890 84,575 2,315 444 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 36,253 36,253 — — Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 137,925 134,579 3,346 245 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 6,402 6,403 — — Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 29,663 27,059 2,604 129 Total $ 325,354 $ 315,906 $ 9,449 $ 974 The Company has made the accounting policy election not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables. The Company has also made the accounting policy election to write off accrued interest receivables by reversing interest income when loans are placed on nonaccrual status, or 90 days or more past due. Any future payments received for these loans will be recognized on a cash basis. The Company continues to evaluate the COVID-19 forbearance-granted loans on an individual basis to determine if a reserve should be established on the collectability of the accrued interest and whether any loans should be placed on nonaccrual status at a future date. The following tables present the amortized cost basis in the loans held for investment, excluding loans held for investment at fair value, as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, and the amount of accrued interest receivables written off by reversing interest income by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Amortized Cost Interest Reversal Amortized Cost Interest Reversal Commercial - Purchase $ 613,661 $ ( 136 ) $ 681,051 $ ( 132 ) Commercial - Refinance 779,302 ( 545 ) 879,978 ( 517 ) Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 495,611 ( 264 ) 574,320 ( 297 ) Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 774,982 ( 305 ) 912,313 ( 717 ) Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 33,254 ( 30 ) 62,392 ( 24 ) Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 35,975 ( 31 ) 64,271 ( 96 ) Total $ 2,732,785 $ ( 1,311 ) $ 3,174,325 $ ( 1,783 ) The cash basis interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans was $ 7.3 million and $ 6.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. No accrued interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The average recorded investment of individually evaluated loans, computed using month-end balances, was $ 325.0 million and $ 302.3 million f or the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans have been modified in troubled debt restructuring as of March 31, 2024 and 2023. (b) Allowance for Credit Losses The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Residential Residential Short Term Short Term Commercial Commercial 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit Purchase Refinance Purchase Refinance Purchase Refinance Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance - January 1, 2024 $ 935 $ 1,805 $ 585 $ 1,256 $ 23 $ 165 $ 4,769 Provision for loan losses ( 74 ) 91 684 120 93 88 1,002 Charge-offs — ( 2 ) ( 296 ) ( 107 ) ( 99 ) — ( 504 ) Ending balance $ 861 $ 1,894 $ 973 $ 1,269 $ 17 $ 253 $ 5,267 Allowance related to: Loans individually evaluated $ 130 $ 642 $ 185 $ 253 $ — $ 221 $ 1,431 Loans collectively evaluated $ 731 $ 1,252 $ 788 $ 1,016 $ 17 $ 32 $ 3,836 Amortized cost related to: Loans individually evaluated $ 28,127 $ 97,571 $ 38,090 $ 130,052 $ 5,584 $ 28,140 $ 327,564 Loans collectively evaluated $ 585,534 $ 681,731 $ 457,521 $ 644,930 $ 27,670 $ 7,835 $ 2,405,221 Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Residential Residential Short Term Short Term Commercial Commercial 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit Purchase Refinance Purchase Refinance Purchase Refinance Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance - January 1, 2023 $ 639 $ 2,031 $ 542 $ 1,272 $ 21 $ 388 $ 4,893 Provision for loan losses 157 108 ( 48 ) 102 66 251 636 Charge-offs — ( 79 ) ( 26 ) ( 11 ) ( 63 ) ( 305 ) ( 484 ) Ending balance $ 796 $ 2,060 $ 468 $ 1,363 $ 24 $ 334 $ 5,045 Allowance related to: Loans individually evaluated $ 138 $ 416 $ — $ 204 $ — $ 238 $ 996 Loans collectively evaluated $ 659 $ 1,644 $ 467 $ 1,159 $ 24 $ 96 $ 4,049 Amortized cost related to: Loans individually evaluated $ 19,422 $ 87,439 $ 34,171 $ 124,390 $ 8,447 $ 35,845 $ 309,714 Loans collectively evaluated $ 661,629 $ 792,539 $ 540,149 $ 787,923 $ 53,945 $ 28,426 $ 2,864,611 (c) Credit Quality Indicator A credit quality indicator is a statistic used by the Company to monitor and assess the credit quality of loans held for investment, excluding loans held for investment at fair value. The Company monitors its charge-off rate in relation to its nonperforming loans as a credit quality indicator. Nonperforming loans are loans that are 90 or more days past due, in bankruptcy, in foreclosure, or not accruing interest. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. The annualized charge-off rates were 0.63 % and 0.65 % of average nonperforming loans for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Other credit quality indicators include aging status and accrual status. The following table presents the aging status of the amortized cost basis in the loans held for investment portfolio, which include $ 167.0 million and $ 176.5 million loans in the Company’s COVID-19 forbearance program, excluding loans held for investment at fair value, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (in thousands): 30–59 days 60–89 days 90+days Total Total March 31, 2024 past due past due past due (1) past due Current loans Loans individually evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 1,273 $ 724 $ 26,130 $ 28,127 $ — $ 28,127 Commercial - Refinance 5,407 1,127 91,037 97,571 97,571 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 1,229 579 36,282 38,090 — 38,090 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 3,292 3,381 123,379 130,052 — 130,052 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase — — 5,584 5,584 — 5,584 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance — — 28,140 28,140 — 28,140 Total loans individually evaluated $ 11,201 $ 5,811 $ 310,552 $ 327,564 $ — $ 327,564 Loans collectively evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 23,807 $ 9,331 $ — $ 33,138 $ 552,396 $ 585,534 Commercial - Refinance 38,035 12,592 — 50,627 631,104 681,731 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 21,406 10,807 — 32,213 425,308 457,521 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 59,779 21,041 — 80,820 564,110 644,930 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 15,797 1,144 — 16,941 10,729 27,670 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 520 690 — 1,210 6,625 7,835 Total loans collectively evaluated $ 159,344 $ 55,605 $ — $ 214,949 $ 2,190,272 $ 2,405,221 Ending balance $ 170,545 $ 61,416 $ 310,552 $ 542,513 $ 2,190,272 $ 2,732,785 30–59 days 60–89 days 90+days Total Total December 31, 2023 past due past due past due (1) past due Current loans Loans individually evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 2,329 $ 668 $ 25,224 $ 28,221 $ — $ 28,221 Commercial - Refinance 4,716 2,405 79,769 86,890 — 86,890 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 544 — 35,709 36,253 — 36,253 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 2,988 1,923 133,014 137,925 — 137,925 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase — — 6,402 6,402 — 6,402 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 55 — 29,608 29,663 — 29,663 Total loans individually evaluated $ 10,632 $ 4,996 $ 309,726 $ 325,354 $ — $ 325,354 Loans collectively evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 21,342 $ 8,352 $ — $ 29,694 $ 574,010 $ 603,704 Commercial - Refinance 47,430 14,002 — 61,432 651,494 712,926 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 29,236 6,850 — 36,086 438,741 474,827 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 52,510 20,828 — 73,338 596,886 670,224 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 1,169 658 — 1,827 32,882 34,709 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 2,978 213 — 3,191 7,957 11,148 Total loans collectively evaluated $ 154,665 $ 50,903 $ — $ 205,568 $ 2,301,970 $ 2,507,538 Ending balance $ 165,297 $ 55,899 $ 309,726 $ 530,922 $ 2,301,970 $ 2,832,892 (1) Includes loans in bankruptcy and foreclosure less than 90 days past due. In addition to the aging status, the Company also evaluates credit quality by accrual status. The following tables present the amortized cost in loans held for investment, excluding loans held for investment at fair value, based on accrual status and by loan origination year as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands). Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year March 31, 2024: 2022 2021 2020 Pre-2020 Total Commercial - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 243,606 $ 222,524 $ 29,363 $ 90,041 $ 585,534 Nonperforming 10,924 5,743 1,681 9,779 28,127 Total Commercial - Purchase $ 254,530 $ 228,267 $ 31,044 $ 99,820 $ 613,661 Commercial - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 225,875 $ 179,412 $ 47,595 $ 228,849 $ 681,731 Nonperforming 25,820 18,262 4,199 49,290 97,571 Total Commercial - Refinance $ 251,695 $ 197,674 $ 51,794 $ 278,139 $ 779,302 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 200,471 $ 194,441 $ 8,544 $ 54,065 $ 457,521 Nonperforming 16,754 10,772 1,616 8,948 38,090 Total Residential 1-4 $ 217,225 $ 205,213 $ 10,160 $ 63,013 $ 495,611 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 265,199 $ 234,380 $ 18,147 $ 127,204 $ 644,930 Nonperforming 44,635 32,601 7,872 44,944 130,052 Total Residential 1-4 $ 309,834 $ 266,981 $ 26,019 $ 172,148 $ 774,982 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 8,516 $ 180 $ 14,413 $ 4,561 $ 27,670 Nonperforming 4,714 166 704 — 5,584 Total Short Term 1-4 $ 13,230 $ 346 $ 15,117 $ 4,561 $ 33,254 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 7,835 $ — $ — $ — $ 7,835 Nonperforming 5,048 153 5,954 16,985 28,140 Total Short Term 1-4 $ 12,883 $ 153 $ 5,954 $ 16,985 $ 35,975 Total Portfolio $ 1,059,397 $ 898,634 $ 140,088 $ 634,666 $ 2,732,785 Gross charge-offs - quarter-ended March 31, 2024 $ 456 $ 34 $ — $ 13 $ 503 Gross charge-offs - year-to-date March 31, 2024 $ 456 $ 34 $ — $ 13 $ 503 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year December 31, 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Pre-2019 Total Commercial - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 248,153 $ 226,467 $ 31,692 $ 43,829 $ 53,563 $ 603,704 Nonperforming 9,600 6,104 567 4,773 7,177 28,221 Total Commercial - Purchase $ 257,753 $ 232,571 $ 32,259 $ 48,602 $ 60,740 $ 631,925 Commercial - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 233,052 $ 188,723 $ 47,883 $ 92,819 $ 150,449 $ 712,926 Nonperforming 20,462 14,168 4,207 14,167 33,886 86,890 Total Commercial - Refinance $ 253,514 $ 202,891 $ 52,090 $ 106,986 $ 184,335 $ 799,816 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 208,456 $ 198,110 $ 9,581 $ 24,429 $ 34,251 $ 474,827 Nonperforming 17,287 10,740 701 1,421 6,104 36,253 Total Residential 1-4 $ 225,743 $ 208,850 $ 10,282 $ 25,850 $ 40,355 $ 511,080 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 277,980 $ 237,159 $ 19,752 $ 61,136 $ 74,197 $ 670,224 Nonperforming 43,272 36,344 7,835 28,252 22,222 137,925 Total Residential 1-4 $ 321,252 $ 273,503 $ 27,587 $ 89,388 $ 96,419 $ 808,149 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 11,458 $ 180 $ 18,510 $ 4,561 $ — $ 34,709 Nonperforming 5,533 165 704 — — 6,402 Total Short Term 1-4 $ 16,991 $ 345 $ 19,214 $ 4,561 $ — $ 41,111 Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 11,148 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 11,148 Nonperforming 4,313 153 7,435 13,612 4,150 29,663 Total Short Term 1-4 $ 15,461 $ 153 $ 7,435 $ 13,612 $ 4,150 $ 40,811 Total Portfolio $ 1,090,714 $ 918,313 $ 148,867 $ 288,999 $ 385,999 $ 2,832,892 Gross charge-offs - quarter-ended December 31, 2023 $ 744 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 744 Gross charge-offs - year-ended December 31, 2023 $ 1,120 $ 473 $ — $ 446 $ — $ 2,039 (d) Nonaccrual Loans - Loans Held for Investment at Fair Value The following tables present the aggregate fair value of loans held for investment at fair value that are 90 days or more past due and/or in nonaccrual status, and the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal balance as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 by loan segments (in thousands): Fair Value Unpaid Principal Balance Difference Current–89 days 90+days past due Current–89 days 90+days past due 90+days past due March 31, 2024 past due or nonaccrual Total past due or nonaccrual Total or nonaccrual Commercial - Purchase $ 271,532 $ 6,428 $ 277,960 $ 249,586 $ 7,840 $ 257,426 $ ( 1,412 ) Commercial - Refinance 323,638 10,737 334,375 295,590 13,093 308,683 ( 2,356 ) Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 282,270 15,206 297,476 272,156 18,350 290,506 ( 3,144 ) Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 559,417 48,748 608,165 527,354 59,453 586,807 ( 10,705 ) Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 59,361 1,247 60,608 59,256 1,417 60,673 ( 170 ) Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 64,149 6,807 70,956 63,525 8,301 71,826 ( 1,494 ) Ending balance $ 1,560,367 $ 89,173 $ 1,649,540 $ 1,467,467 $ 108,454 $ 1,575,921 $ ( 19,281 ) Fair Value Unpaid Principal Balance Difference Current–89 days 90+days past due Current–89 days 90+days past due 90+days past due December 31, 2023 past due or nonaccrual Total past due or nonaccrual Total or nonaccrual Commercial - Purchase $ 204,282 $ 4,651 $ 208,933 $ 188,924 $ 5,635 $ 194,559 $ ( 984 ) Commercial - Refinance 230,034 7,399 237,433 210,716 8,962 219,678 ( 1,563 ) Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 238,215 12,886 251,101 231,494 15,428 246,922 ( 2,542 ) Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 472,615 29,335 501,950 448,780 35,119 483,899 ( 5,784 ) Short Term 1-4 Unit - Purchase 46,312 1,769 48,081 45,695 2,143 47,838 ( 374 ) Short Term 1-4 Unit - Refinance 54,041 4,533 58,574 53,008 5,491 58,499 ( 958 ) Ending balance $ 1,245,499 $ 60,573 $ 1,306,072 $ 1,178,617 $ 72,778 $ 1,251,395 $ ( 12,205 ) |