Loans Held for Investment and Loans Held for Investment at Fair Value | Note 6 — Loans Held for Investment and Loans Held for Investment at Fair Value The following tables summarize loans held for investment as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands): December 31, 2020 Loans held for Loans held for Total loans investment, investment, at held for net fair value investment Unpaid principal balance $ 1,930,334 $ 1,541 $ 1,931,875 Valuation adjustments on FVO loans — (2 ) (2 ) Deferred loan origination costs 23,600 — 23,600 1,953,934 1,539 1,955,473 Allowance for loan losses (5,845 ) — (5,845 ) Total loans held for investment, net $ 1,948,089 $ 1,539 $ 1,949,628 December 31, 2019 Loans held for Loans held for Total loans investment, investment, at held for net fair value investment Unpaid principal balance $ 1,839,886 $ 3,404 $ 1,843,290 Discount on acquired loans — — — Valuation adjustments on FVO loans — (444 ) (444 ) Deferred loan origination costs 25,714 — 25,714 1,865,600 2,960 1,868,560 Allowance for loan losses (2,240 ) — (2,240 ) Total loans held for investment, net $ 1,863,360 $ 2,960 $ 1,866,320 During the year ended December 31, 2020, $438.2 million in UPB of loans held for investment have participated in the COVID-19 forbearance program and the Company granted a 90-days forbearance period on these loans. The following table summarizes the UPB and amortized cost basis of the loans in the Company's COVID-19 forbearance program as of December 31, 2020 ($ in thousands): December 31, 2020 UPB % Amortized Cost % Beginning balance $ — $ — Additions 438,152 443,479 Repayments (46,079 ) (46,561 ) Ending balance $ 392,073 $ 396,918 Performing/Accruing $ 327,708 83.6% $ 330,495 83.3% Nonperforming/Nonaccrual $ 64,365 16.4% $ 66,423 16.7% Approximately $400.3 million in UPB or 91.4% of the $438.2 million loans granted a COVID-19 forbearance were subsequently modified and brought current and the related accrued interest of approximately $7.8 million was added to the principal balances of loans to be repaid by the borrowers upon the earlier of loan payoff or loan maturity. The Company continued to accrue interest on the remining $37.9 million loans granted a COVID-19 forbearance during the forbearance period. Loans subsequently became nonperforming after the forbearance period were placed on nonaccrual and the previous accrued interest reversed. Approximately 83.6% of the COVID forbearance loans in UPB was performing, and 16.4% was on nonaccrual status as of December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the gross unpaid principal balance of loans held for investment pledged as collateral for the Company’s warehouse facility agreements, and securitizations issued were as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2020 2019 The 2013 repurchase agreement $ 91,074 $ 108,504 The 2015 repurchase agreement — 175,689 The Bank credit agreement — 3,331 Total pledged loans $ 91,074 $ 287,524 2014-1 Trust 22,228 29,559 2015-1 Trust 48,179 64,876 2016-1 Trust 71,271 97,727 2016-2 Trust 47,282 68,961 2017-1 Trust 81,376 116,670 2017-2 Trust 137,970 173,390 2018-1 Trust 112,042 141,567 2018-2 Trust 224,195 260,278 2019-1 Trust 203,144 229,151 2019-2 Trust 175,560 210,312 2019-3 Trust 135,527 157,119 2020-1 Trust 241,664 — 2020-2 Trust 123,646 — 2020-MC1 Trust 228,470 — Total $ 1,852,554 $ 1,549,610 (a) Nonaccrual The following tables present the amortized cost basis, or recorded investment, of the Company’s loans held for investment that were nonperforming and on nonaccrual status as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. The December 31, 2020 table also presents the amortized cost basis of accruing loans that were 90 days or more past due as of December 31, 2020. These loans were granted a forbearance under the Company’s COVID-19 payment forbearance programs. There were no loans accruing interest that were 90 days or more past due as of December 31, 2019. December 31, 2020 Total Nonaccrual Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Loan Loss Nonaccrual with Allowance for Loan Loss Allowance for Loans Individually Evaluated % of Allowance to Total Nonaccrual/ Impaired Loans Loans 90+ DPD Still Accruing COVID-19 Program ($ in thousands) Commercial - Purchase $ 22,166 $ 20,955 $ 1,211 $ 153 0.7 % $ — Commercial - Refinance 101,117 96,804 4,313 519 2.3 1,747 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 26,373 25,839 534 128 0.6 — Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 120,152 113,206 6,946 465 2.1 109 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Purchase 6,585 3,808 2,777 525 2.4 — Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Refinance 59,843 53,616 6,227 878 4.0 123 Total $ 336,236 $ 314,228 $ 22,008 $ 2,668 12.1 % $ 1,979 Troubled Debt Restructuring included in nonaccrual loans: $ 173 $ — $ — $ — — $ — December 31, 2019 ($ in thousands) Nonaccrual loans: Recorded investment $ 125,819 Percentage of the originated loans held for investment 6.7 % Impaired loans: Unpaid principal balance $ 124,050 Recorded investment 125,998 Recorded investment of impaired loans requiring a specific allowance 12,286 Specific allowance 913 Specific allowance as a percentage of recorded investment of impaired loans requiring a specific allowance 7.4 % Recorded investment of impaired loans not requiring a specific allowance $ 113,712 Percentage of recorded investment of impaired loans not requiring a specific allowance 90.2 % TDRs included in impaired loans: Recorded investment of TDRs $ 179 Recorded investment of TDRs with a specific allowance 179 Specific allowance 25 Recorded investment of TDRs without a specific allowance — The Company has made the accounting policy election not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables. The Company has also made the accounting policy election to write off accrued interest receivables by reversing interest income when loans are placed on nonaccrual status, or 90 days or more past due, other than the COVID-19 forbearance-granted loans. Any future payments received for these loans will be recognized on a cash basis. The Company continues to evaluate the COVID-19 forbearance-granted loans on an individual basis to determine if a reserve should be established on the collectability of the accrued interest and whether any loans should be placed on nonaccrual status at a future date. The following table presents the amortized cost basis in the loans held for investment as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the amount of accrued interest receivables written off by reversing interest income by portfolio segment for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands): December 31, 2020 2019 Amortized Cost Interest Reversal Amortized Cost Interest Reversal Commercial - Purchase $ 300,903 $ (827 ) $ 286,949 $ (306 ) Commercial - Refinance 685,097 (3,798 ) 707,871 (1,416 ) Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 224,593 (887 ) 252,395 (321 ) Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 566,925 (4,186 ) 618,370 (1,452 ) Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Purchase 43,325 (160 ) — — Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Refinance 133,091 (1,039 ) — — Total $ 1,953,934 $ (10,897 ) $ 1,865,585 $ (3,495 ) For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, cash basis interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans was $17.5 million and $12.7 million, respectively. There was $54.0 thousand of accrued interest income recognized on COVID-19 forbearance granted nonaccrual loans. The average recorded investment of individually evaluated loans, computed using month-end balances, was $250.0 million and $111.2 million for year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. There were no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans have been modified as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. (b) Allowance for Loan The allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2020 increased to $5.8 million from $2.4 million as of January 1, 2020 including the impact from the adoption of ASC 326, primarily due to the impact of COVID 19 on economic conditions and forecasts. The following tables present the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 Residential Residential Quick Fix Quick Fix Commercial Commercial 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit Purchase Refinance Purchase Refinance Purchase Refinance Total Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance, prior to adoption of ASC 326 $ 304 $ 1,016 $ 148 $ 772 $ — $ — $ 2,240 $ 1,680 Impact of adopting ASC 326 19 62 9 47 — — 137 — Balance - January 1, 2020 $ 323 $ 1,078 $ 157 $ 819 $ — $ — $ 2,377 1,680 Provision for loan losses (1) 129 1,233 349 440 645 2,272 $ 5,068 1,139 Charge-offs (79 ) (218 ) (173 ) (43 ) (50 ) (1,037 ) $ (1,600 ) (579 ) Ending balance $ 373 $ 2,093 $ 333 $ 1,216 $ 595 $ 1,235 $ 5,845 $ 2,240 Allowance related to: Loans individually evaluated $ 153 $ 519 $ 128 $ 465 $ 525 $ 878 $ 2,668 $ 913 Loans collectively evaluated 220 1,574 205 751 69 357 $ 3,176 1,327 Amortized cost related to: Loans individually evaluated $ 22,166 $ 101,117 $ 26,373 $ 120,152 $ 6,585 $ 59,843 $ 336,236 $ 125,998 Loans collectively evaluated 278,738 583,981 198,220 446,773 36,738 73,248 $ 1,617,698 1,739,587 (1) The provision for loans losses would have been approximately $3.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, excluding the $1.2 million impact from the loans held for sale transferred to loans held for investment. The additional $1.2 million provision was mainly offset by the reversal of the $1.3 million valuation allowance on the held for sale loans, which was recorded to “Other Income” in the consolidated statements of income. (a) Credit Quality A credit quality indicator is a statistic used by the Company to monitor and assess the credit quality of loans held for investment, excluding loans held for investment at fair value. The Company monitors its charge-off rate in relation to its nonperforming loans as its credit quality indicator. Nonperforming loans are loans that are 90 or more days past due, in bankruptcy, in foreclosure, or not accruing interest. The charged-offs over the average nonperforming loans were 0.65% and 0.56% for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The recovery rate on nonperforming assets were 103.1% and 102.4% for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Other credit quality indicators include aging status and accrual status. The following table presents the aging status of the amortized cost basis in the loans held for investment portfolio, which includes $396.9 million loans in the Company’s COVID-19 forbearance program as of December 31, 2020, and as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands): 30–59 days 60–89 days 90+days Total Total December 31, 2020 past due past due past due ( 1) past due Current loans Loans individually evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 961 $ 1,307 $ 19,898 $ 22,166 $ — $ 22,166 Commercial - Refinance 2,118 7,532 91,467 101,117 — 101,117 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 192 2,915 23,266 26,373 — 26,373 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 1,440 3,010 115,702 120,152 — 120,152 Investor 1-4 - Purchase — — 6,585 6,585 — 6,585 Investor 1-4 - Refinance 964 760 58,119 59,843 — 59,843 Total loans individually evaluated $ 5,675 $ 15,524 $ 315,037 $ 336,236 $ — $ 336,236 Loans collectively evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 8,000 $ 7,081 $ — $ 15,081 $ 263,657 $ 278,738 Commercial - Refinance 33,725 13,224 1,747 48,696 535,285 583,981 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 5,030 1,261 — 6,291 191,928 198,219 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 33,144 14,567 109 47,820 398,953 446,773 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Purchase 1,972 21,780 — 23,752 12,987 36,739 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Refinance 8,406 5,383 123 13,912 59,336 73,248 Total loans collectively evaluated $ 90,277 $ 63,296 $ 1,979 $ 155,552 $ 1,462,146 $ 1,617,698 Ending balance $ 95,952 $ 78,820 $ 317,016 $ 491,788 $ 1,462,146 $ 1,953,934 December 31, 2019: Impaired loans $ 6,195 $ 7,696 $ 111,928 $ 125,819 $ 179 $ 125,998 Nonimpaired loans 119,465 41,138 — 160,603 1,578,984 1,739,587 Ending balance $ 125,660 $ 48,834 $ 111,928 $ 286,422 $ 1,579,163 $ 1,865,585 (1) Includes loans in bankruptcy and foreclosure less than 90 days past . The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost basis of loans held for investment in the Company's COVID-19 forbearance program as of December 31, 2020 (in thousands): 30–59 days 60–89 days 90+days Total Total December 31, 2020 past due past due past due ( 1) past due Current loans Loans individually evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ — $ 556 $ 7,364 $ 7,920 $ — $ 7,920 Commercial - Refinance — — 21,060 21,060 — 21,060 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase — 183 4,092 4,275 — 4,275 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance — — 24,806 24,806 — 24,806 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Purchase — — 2,881 2,881 — 2,881 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Refinance — — 4,240 4,240 — 4,240 Total loans individually evaluated $ — $ 739 $ 64,443 $ 65,182 $ — $ 65,182 Loans collectively evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 1,352 $ 2,531 $ — $ 3,883 $ 39,573 $ 43,456 Commercial - Refinance 13,285 4,349 1,747 19,381 107,089 126,470 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 1,827 572 — 2,399 22,826 25,225 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 11,866 2,939 109 14,914 73,822 88,736 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Purchase 791 21,262 — 22,053 2,144 24,197 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Refinance 3,375 3,064 123 6,562 17,090 23,652 Total loans collectively evaluated $ 32,496 $ 34,717 $ 1,979 $ 69,192 $ 262,544 $ 331,736 Ending balance $ 32,496 $ 35,456 $ 66,422 $ 134,374 $ 262,544 $ 396,918 (2) (1) Includes loans in bankruptcy and foreclosure less than 90 days past (2) Net of $46.6 million (amortized cost basis) payoffs from the Company’s COVID-19 forbearance loans. In addition to the aging status, the Company also evaluates credit quality by accrual status. The following table presents the amortized cost in loans held for investment, excluding loans held for investment at fair value, based on accrual status and by loan origination year. Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year December 31, 2020: 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Pre-2016 Total Commercial - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 56,446 $ 99,534 $ 64,706 $ 34,862 $ 9,500 $ 13,690 $ 278,738 Nonperforming 1,046 4,666 5,799 7,182 1,539 1,934 22,166 Total Commercial - Purchase $ 57,492 $ 104,200 $ 70,505 $ 42,044 $ 11,039 $ 15,624 $ 300,904 Commercial - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 75,376 $ 176,854 $ 157,499 $ 87,476 $ 34,858 $ 51,918 $ 583,981 Nonperforming 4,929 26,776 32,955 18,980 10,392 7,085 101,117 Total Commercial - Refinance $ 80,305 $ 203,630 $ 190,454 $ 106,456 $ 45,250 $ 59,003 $ 685,098 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 26,215 $ 69,775 $ 42,537 $ 25,874 $ 7,056 $ 26,762 $ 198,219 Nonperforming 1,611 5,973 8,949 5,059 1,348 3,433 26,373 Total Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase $ 27,826 $ 75,748 $ 51,486 $ 30,933 $ 8,404 $ 30,195 $ 224,592 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 57,945 $ 168,912 $ 96,568 $ 61,033 $ 22,949 $ 39,366 $ 446,773 Nonperforming 3,934 42,159 37,451 17,942 7,653 11,013 120,152 Total Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance $ 61,879 $ 211,071 $ 134,019 $ 78,975 $ 30,602 $ 50,379 $ 566,925 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 20,563 $ 15,990 $ 186 $ — $ — $ — $ 36,739 Nonperforming 3,764 2,217 604 — — — 6,585 Total Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Purchase $ 24,327 $ 18,207 $ 790 $ — $ — $ — $ 43,324 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 35,234 $ 37,818 $ 196 $ — $ — $ — $ 73,248 Nonperforming 17,318 33,711 8,719 95 — — 59,843 Total Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Refinance $ 52,552 $ 71,529 $ 8,915 $ 95 $ — $ — $ 133,091 Total Portfolio $ 304,381 $ 684,385 $ 456,169 $ 258,503 $ 95,295 $ 155,201 $ 1,953,934 |