Loans Held for Investment and Loans Held for Investment at Fair Value | Note 6 — Loans Held for Investment and Loans Held for Investment at Fair Value The following tables summarize loans held for investment as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands): March 31, 2021 Loans held for investment, net Loans held for investment, at fair value Total loans held for investment Unpaid principal balance $ 1,989,316 $ 1,368 $ 1,990,684 Valuation adjustments on FVO loans — (4 ) (4 ) Deferred loan origination costs 25,070 — 25,070 2,014,386 1,364 2,015,750 Allowance for loan losses (5,881 ) — (5,881 ) Total loans held for investment and loans held for investment at fair value, net $ 2,008,505 $ 1,364 $ 2,009,869 December 31, 2020 Loans held for investment, net Loans held for investment, at fair value Total loans held for investment Unpaid principal balance $ 1,930,334 $ 1,541 $ 1,931,875 Valuation adjustments on FVO loans — (2 ) (2 ) Deferred loan origination costs 23,600 — 23,600 1,953,934 1,539 1,955,473 Allowance for loan losses (5,845 ) — (5,845 ) Total loans held for investment and loans held for investment at fair value, net $ 1,948,089 $ 1,539 $ 1,949,628 The following table presents the activity in the UPB and amortized cost basis of loans in the Company's COVID-19 forbearance program for the three months ended March 31, 2021 ($ in thousands): March 31, 2021 UPB % Amortized Cost % Beginning balance $ 392,073 $ 396,918 Additions 2,616 2,615 Foreclosures (253 ) (260 ) Repayments (30,697 ) (31,043 ) Ending balance $ 363,739 $ 368,230 Performing/Accruing $ 289,441 79.6% $ 292,987 79.6% Nonperforming/Nonaccrual $ 74,298 20.4% $ 75,243 20.4% The following table presents the UPB and amortized cost basis of loans in the Company's COVID-19 forbearance program as of December 31, 2020 ($ in thousands): December 31, 2020 UPB % Amortized Cost % Ending balance $ 392,073 $ 396,918 Performing/Accruing $ 327,708 83.6% $ 330,495 83.3% Nonperforming/Nonaccrual $ 64,365 16.4% $ 66,423 16.7% Since the inception of the COVID-19 forbearance program, the Company has modified $404.1 million in UPB of loans, which includes capitalized interest of $8.6 million. As of March 31, 2021, $69.5 million in UPB of modified loans has been paid down, which includes $0.8 million of capitalized interest received. Approximately 79.6% and 83.6% of the COVID forbearance loans in UPB were performing, and 20.4% and 16.4% were on nonaccrual status as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the gross unpaid principal balance of loans held for investment pledged as collateral for the Company’s warehouse facility agreements, and securitizations issued were as follows (in thousands): March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 The 2013 repurchase agreement $ 118,134 $ 91,074 The 2015 repurchase agreement 130,684 — The Bank credit agreement 16,179 — Total pledged loans $ 264,997 $ 91,074 2014-1 Trust 20,908 22,228 2015-1 Trust 41,319 48,179 2016-1 Trust 65,319 71,271 2016-2 Trust 43,703 47,282 2017-1 Trust 72,511 81,376 2017-2 Trust 122,457 137,970 2018-1 Trust 99,928 112,042 2018-2 Trust 212,549 224,195 2019-1 Trust 190,478 203,144 2019-2 Trust 166,473 175,560 2019-3 Trust 128,144 135,527 2020-1 Trust 232,008 241,664 2020-2 Trust 121,216 123,646 2020-MC1 Trust 205,123 228,470 Total $ 1,722,136 $ 1,852,554 (a) Nonaccrual The following tables present the amortized cost basis, or recorded investment, of the Company’s loans held for investment that were nonperforming and on nonaccrual status as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, and accruing loans that were 90 days or more past due as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. These accruing loans that were 90 or more days past due represent loans that were granted a forbearance under the Company’s COVID-19 payment forbearance programs. March 31, 2021 Total Nonaccrual Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Loan Loss Nonaccrual with Allowance for Loan Loss Allowance for Loans Individually Evaluated % of Allowance to Total Nonaccrual/ Impaired Loans Loans 90+ DPD Still Accruing COVID-19 Program ($ in thousands) Commercial - Purchase $ 22,241 $ 20,899 $ 1,342 $ 116 0.4 % $ — Commercial - Refinance 103,778 97,971 5,807 570 2.2 — Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 21,857 21,600 257 96 0.4 — Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 127,106 118,766 8,340 525 2.0 156 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Purchase 4,345 3,050 1,295 323 1.2 — Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Refinance 59,434 50,264 9,170 1,347 5.1 — Total $ 338,761 $ 312,550 $ 26,211 $ 2,977 11.4 % $ 156 Troubled Debt Restructuring included in nonaccrual loans: $ 171 $ — $ — $ 25 — $ — December 31, 2020 Total Nonaccrual Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Loan Loss Nonaccrual with Allowance for Loan Loss Allowance for Loans Individually Evaluated % of Allowance to Total Nonaccrual/ Impaired Loans Loans 90+ DPD Still Accruing COVID-19 Program ($ in thousands) Commercial - Purchase $ 22,166 $ 20,955 $ 1,211 $ 153 0.7 % $ — Commercial - Refinance 101,117 96,804 4,313 519 2.3 1,747 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 26,373 25,839 534 128 0.6 — Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 120,152 113,206 6,946 465 2.1 109 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Purchase 6,585 3,808 2,777 525 2.4 — Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Refinance 59,843 53,616 6,227 878 4.0 123 Total $ 336,236 $ 314,228 $ 22,008 $ 2,668 12.1 % $ 1,979 Troubled Debt Restructuring included in nonaccrual loans: $ 173 $ — $ — $ — — $ — The Company has made the accounting policy election not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables. The Company has also made the accounting policy election to write off accrued interest receivables by reversing interest income when loans are placed on nonaccrual status, or 90 days or more past due, other than the COVID-19 forbearance-granted loans. The Company will continue to evaluate the COVID-19 forbearance-granted loans on an individual basis to determine if a reserve should be established on the collectability of the accrued interest and whether any loans should be placed on nonaccrual status at a future date. The following table presents the amortized cost basis in the loans held for investment, excluding loans held for investment at fair value, as of March 31, 2021 and 2020, and the amount of accrued interest receivables written off by reversing interest income by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 2020 Amortized Cost Interest Reversal Amortized Cost Interest Reversal Commercial - Purchase $ 326,082 $ (140 ) $ 313,856 $ (123 ) Commercial - Refinance 693,247 (468 ) 728,917 (672 ) Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 239,201 (58 ) 255,842 (83 ) Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 598,744 (521 ) 627,104 (612 ) Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Purchase 40,739 (46 ) — — Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Refinance 116,373 (242 ) — — Total $ 2,014,386 $ (1,475 ) $ 1,925,719 $ (1,490 ) For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, cash basis interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans was $6.7 million and $3.3 million, respectively. Interest income recognized on loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $5.0 thousand. No accrued interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The average recorded investment of individually evaluated loans, computed using month-end balances, was $337.1 million and $142.7 million for three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. There were no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans have been modified as of March 31, 2021 and 2020. (b) Allowance for Credit Losses The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level deemed adequate by management to provide for expected losses in the portfolio at the balance sheet date. The allowance for credit losses is measured using two components. A component that measures expected credit losses on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist and a component that measures expected credit losses on an individual loan basis. To estimate the allowance for credit losses in the loans held for investment portfolio, management follows a detailed internal process, considering a number of different factors including, but not limited to, the ongoing analyses of loans, historical loss rates, relevant environmental factors, relevant market research, trends in delinquencies, effects and changes in credit concentrations, and ongoing evaluation of fair values. The Company uses an open pool loss rate methodology to model expected credit losses on a collective basis. To determine the loss rates for the open pool method, the Company starts with its historical database of losses, segmenting the loans by loan purpose, product type and repayment period. A third-party model applying the open pool method is used to estimate an annual average loss rates by dividing the respective pool's quarterly historical losses by the pool's respective prior quarter’s ending unamortized loan cost balance and deriving an annual average loss rate from the historical quarterly loss rates. The model then adjusts the annual average loss rates based upon macroeconomic forecasts over a reasonable and supportable period, followed by a straight-line reversion to the historical loss rates. The adjusted annual average loss rates are applied to the forecasted pool balance within each segment. The forecasted balances in the loan pool segments are calculated based on a principal amortization using contractual maturity, factoring in further principal reductions from estimated prepayments. For the March 31, 2021 estimate, the Company considered a COVID-19 adverse stress scenario and a COVID-19 severe stress scenario, both with a five-quarter reasonable and supportable forecast period followed by a four-quarter straight-line reversion period. Management concluded that applying a 50% weight to the adverse stress scenario and a 50% weight to the severe stress scenario, was appropriate given the status of the pandemic at the end of March 2021. Once a loan becomes nonperforming (90 or more days past due), it no longer shares the same risk characteristics of the other loans within its segment of homogeneous loans (pool). Nonperforming loans are considered collateral dependent by the Company. These loans are evaluated individually using the practical expedient to determine the credit exposure. The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 Residential Residential Quick Fix Quick Fix Commercial Commercial 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit Purchase Refinance Purchase Refinance Purchase Refinance Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance - January 1, 2021 $ 373 $ 2,093 $ 333 $ 1,216 $ 595 $ 1,235 $ 5,845 Provision for loan losses (1) (45 ) (103 ) 26 11 (195 ) 411 105 Charge-offs — — (37 ) — (14 ) (18 ) (69 ) Ending balance $ 328 $ 1,990 $ 322 $ 1,227 $ 386 $ 1,646 $ 5,881 Allowance related to: Loans individually evaluated $ 116 $ 570 $ 96 $ 525 $ 323 $ 1,347 $ 2,977 Loans collectively evaluated 212 1,419 226 703 63 281 2,904 Amortized cost related to: Loans individually evaluated $ 22,241 $ 103,778 $ 21,857 $ 127,106 $ 4,345 $ 59,434 $ 338,761 Loans collectively evaluated 303,841 589,469 217,344 471,638 36,394 56,939 1,675,625 Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 Residential Residential Quick Fix Quick Fix Commercial Commercial 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit 1-4 Unit Purchase Refinance Purchase Refinance Purchase Refinance Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance, prior to adoption of ASC 326 $ 304 $ 1,016 $ 148 $ 772 $ — $ — $ 2,240 Impact of adopting ASC 326 19 62 9 47 — — 137 Balance - January 1, 2020 $ 323 $ 1,078 $ 157 $ 819 $ — $ — $ 2,377 Provision for loan losses (1) 108 516 173 493 — — 1,290 Charge-offs (79 ) — (80 ) (12 ) — — (171 ) Ending balance $ 352 $ 1,594 $ 250 $ 1,300 $ — $ — $ 3,496 Allowance related to: Loans individually evaluated $ 137 $ 130 $ 96 $ 479 $ — $ — 842 Loans collectively evaluated 215 1,464 154 821 — — 2,654 Amortized cost related to: Loans individually evaluated $ 11,436 $ 60,205 $ 13,266 $ 66,737 $ — $ — 151,644 Loans collectively evaluated 302,419 668,712 242,577 560,367 — — 1,774,075 (1) The provision for loan losses decreased from approximately $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 to $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 due to an improved economic outlook as the economy recovers from the COVID-19 pandemic. (c) Credit Quality A credit quality indicator is a statistic used by the Company to monitor and assess the credit quality of loans held for investment, excluding loans held for investment at fair value. The Company monitors its charge-off rate in relation to its nonperforming loans as its credit quality indicator. Nonperforming loans are loans that are 90 or more days past due, in bankruptcy, in foreclosure, or not accruing interest. As of March 31, 2021, the annualized charge-off rate was 0.08% of average nonperforming loans. The charged-off rate was 0.65% for the year ended December 31, 2020. Other credit quality indicators include aging status and accrual status. The following table presents the aging status of the amortized cost basis in the loans held for investment portfolio, excluding loans held for investment at fair value, which includes $368.2 million and $396.9 million loans in the Company’s COVID-19 forbearance program as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively (in thousands): 30–59 days 60–89 days 90+days Total Total March 31, 2021 past due past due past due (1) past due Current loans Loans individually evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 1,634 $ 1,266 $ 19,341 $ 22,241 $ — $ 22,241 Commercial - Refinance 2,490 3,541 97,576 103,607 171 103,778 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 684 1,445 19,728 21,857 — 21,857 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 965 4,300 121,841 127,106 — 127,106 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Purchase 338 99 3,908 4,345 — 4,345 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Refinance 606 858 57,970 59,434 — 59,434 Total loans individually evaluated $ 6,717 $ 11,509 $ 320,364 $ 338,590 $ 171 $ 338,761 Loans collectively evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 10,601 $ 3,931 $ — $ 14,532 $ 289,309 $ 303,841 Commercial - Refinance 25,076 14,149 — 39,225 550,244 589,469 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 2,132 2,306 — 4,438 212,906 217,344 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 24,404 11,312 156 35,872 435,766 471,638 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Purchase 813 25,488 — 26,301 10,093 36,394 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Refinance 4,656 2,961 — 7,617 49,322 56,939 Total loans collectively evaluated $ 67,682 $ 60,147 $ 156 $ 127,985 $ 1,547,640 $ 1,675,625 Ending balance $ 74,399 $ 71,656 $ 320,520 $ 466,575 $ 1,547,811 $ 2,014,386 30–59 days 60–89 days 90+days Total Total December 31, 2020 past due past due past due (1) past due Current loans Loans individually evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 961 $ 1,307 $ 19,898 $ 22,166 $ — $ 22,166 Commercial - Refinance 2,118 7,532 91,467 101,117 — 101,117 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 192 2,915 23,266 26,373 — 26,373 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 1,440 3,010 115,702 120,152 — 120,152 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Purchase — — 6,585 6,585 — 6,585 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Refinance 964 760 58,119 59,843 — 59,843 Total loans individually evaluated $ 5,675 $ 15,524 $ 315,037 $ 336,236 $ — $ 336,236 Loans collectively evaluated Commercial - Purchase $ 8,000 $ 7,081 $ — $ 15,081 $ 263,657 $ 278,738 Commercial - Refinance 33,725 13,224 1,747 48,696 535,285 583,981 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase 5,030 1,261 — 6,291 191,928 198,219 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance 33,144 14,567 109 47,820 398,953 446,773 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Purchase 1,972 21,780 — 23,752 12,987 36,739 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Refinance 8,406 5,383 123 13,912 59,336 73,248 Total loans collectively evaluated $ 90,277 $ 63,296 $ 1,979 $ 155,552 $ 1,462,146 $ 1,617,698 Ending balance $ 95,952 $ 78,820 $ 317,016 $ 491,788 $ 1,462,146 $ 1,953,934 (1) Includes loans in bankruptcy and foreclosure less than 90 days past In addition to the aging status, the Company also evaluates credit quality by accrual status. The following tables present the amortized cost in loans held for investment, excluding loans held for investment at fair value, based on accrual status and by loan origination year as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands). Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year March 31, 2021: 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Pre-2017 Total Commercial - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 39,244 $ 54,390 $ 98,003 $ 62,197 $ 28,679 $ 21,328 $ 303,841 Nonperforming — 2,433 4,544 6,125 6,878 2,261 22,241 Total Commercial - Purchase $ 39,244 $ 56,823 $ 102,547 $ 68,322 $ 35,557 $ 23,589 $ 326,082 Commercial - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 46,383 $ 72,873 $ 163,411 $ 149,717 $ 76,343 $ 80,742 $ 589,469 Nonperforming — 6,649 32,110 31,368 18,123 15,528 103,778 Total Commercial - Refinance $ 46,383 $ 79,522 $ 195,521 $ 181,085 $ 94,466 $ 96,270 $ 693,247 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 46,051 $ 13,776 $ 64,411 $ 40,308 $ 22,829 $ 29,969 $ 217,344 Nonperforming — 2,483 5,783 5,453 3,568 4,570 21,857 Total Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase $ 46,051 $ 16,259 $ 70,194 $ 45,761 $ 26,397 $ 34,539 $ 239,201 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 85,491 $ 37,453 $ 151,229 $ 91,567 $ 49,775 $ 56,123 $ 471,638 Nonperforming — 7,737 45,113 37,548 20,347 16,361 127,106 Total Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase $ 85,491 $ 45,190 $ 196,342 $ 129,115 $ 70,122 $ 72,484 $ 598,744 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ — $ 21,813 $ 14,395 $ 186 $ — $ — $ 36,394 Nonperforming — 1,801 2,128 416 — — 4,345 Total Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Purchase $ — $ 23,614 $ 16,523 $ 602 $ — $ — $ 40,739 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ — $ 28,366 $ 28,573 $ — $ — $ — $ 56,939 Nonperforming — 16,706 35,041 7,687 — — 59,434 Total Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Refinance $ — $ 45,072 $ 63,614 $ 7,687 $ — $ — $ 116,373 Total Portfolio $ 217,169 $ 266,480 $ 644,741 $ 432,572 $ 226,542 $ 226,882 $ 2,014,386 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year December 31, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Pre-2016 Total Commercial - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 56,446 $ 99,534 $ 64,706 $ 34,862 $ 9,500 $ 13,690 $ 278,738 Nonperforming 1,046 4,666 5,799 7,182 1,539 1,934 22,166 Total Commercial - Purchase $ 57,492 $ 104,200 $ 70,505 $ 42,044 $ 11,039 $ 15,624 $ 300,904 Commercial - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 75,376 $ 176,854 $ 157,499 $ 87,476 $ 34,858 $ 51,918 $ 583,981 Nonperforming 4,929 26,776 32,955 18,980 10,392 7,085 101,117 Total Commercial - Refinance $ 80,305 $ 203,630 $ 190,454 $ 106,456 $ 45,250 $ 59,003 $ 685,098 Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 26,215 $ 69,775 $ 42,537 $ 25,874 $ 7,056 $ 26,762 $ 198,219 Nonperforming 1,611 5,973 8,949 5,059 1,348 3,433 26,373 Total Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase $ 27,826 $ 75,748 $ 51,486 $ 30,933 $ 8,404 $ 30,195 $ 224,592 Residential 1-4 Unit - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 57,945 $ 168,912 $ 96,568 $ 61,033 $ 22,949 $ 39,366 $ 446,773 Nonperforming 3,934 42,159 37,451 17,942 7,653 11,013 120,152 Total Residential 1-4 Unit - Purchase $ 61,879 $ 211,071 $ 134,019 $ 78,975 $ 30,602 $ 50,379 $ 566,925 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Purchase Payment performance Performing $ 20,563 $ 15,990 $ 186 $ — $ — $ — $ 36,739 Nonperforming 3,764 2,217 604 — — — 6,585 Total Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Purchase $ 24,327 $ 18,207 $ 790 $ — $ — $ — $ 43,324 Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Refinance Payment performance Performing $ 35,234 $ 37,818 $ 196 $ — $ — $ — $ 73,248 Nonperforming 17,318 33,711 8,719 95 — — 59,843 Total Quick Fix 1-4 Unit - Refinance $ 52,552 $ 71,529 $ 8,915 $ 95 $ — $ — $ 133,091 Total Portfolio $ 304,381 $ 684,385 $ 456,169 $ 258,503 $ 95,295 $ 155,201 $ 1,953,934 |