Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Industries Disclosures [Text Block] | The following estimates of proved oil and gas reserves, both developed and undeveloped, represent interests owned by Royale Energy which are located solely in the United States. Proved reserves represent estimated quantities of crude oil and natural gas which geological and engineering data demonstrate to be reasonably certain to be recoverable in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. Proved developed oil and gas reserves are reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells, with existing equipment and operating methods. Proved undeveloped oil and gas reserves are reserves that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells for which relatively major expenditures are required for completion. Disclosures of oil and gas reserves, which follow, are based on estimates prepared by independent petroleum engineering consultant Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc., the net reserve value of its proved developed and undeveloped reserves was approximately $57.8 million at December 31, 2018, based on the average Henry Hub natural gas price spot price of $3.10 per MCF and for oil volumes, the average West Texas Intermediate price of $65.56 per barrel as applied on a field-by-field basis. Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. provided reserve value information for the Company’s California, Texas, Oklahoma, Utah and Louisiana properties. Such estimates are subject to numerous uncertainties inherent in the estimation of quantities of proved reserves and in the projection of future rates of production and the timing of development expenditures. These estimates do not include probable or possible reserves. The technical persons responsible for preparing the reserves estimates presented in the report of Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc., meet the requirements regarding qualifications, independence, objectivity, and confidentiality set forth in the Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves Information promulgated by the Society of Petroleum Engineers. Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. is a firm of independent petroleum engineers, geologists, geophysicists, and petrophysicists; and do not own an interest in our properties and are not employed on a contingent basis. All activities and reports performed and completed by Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. with regards to our reserve valuation estimates are reviewed Royale’s management. These estimates are furnished and calculated in accordance with requirements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Because of unpredictable variances in expenses and capital forecasts, crude oil and natural gas price changes, largely influenced and controlled by U.S. and foreign government actions, and the fact that the bases for such estimates vary significantly, management believes the usefulness of these projections is limited. Estimates of future net cash flows presented do not represent management’s assessment of future profitability or future cash flows to Royale Energy. Management’s investment and operating decisions are based upon reserve estimates that include proved reserves prescribed by the SEC as well as probable reserves, and upon different price and cost assumptions from those used here. It should be recognized that applying current costs and prices and a 10 percent standard discount rate does not convey absolute value. The discounted amounts arrived at are only one measure of the value of proved reserves. Changes in Estimated Reserve Quantities The net interest in estimated quantities of proved developed reserves of crude oil and natural gas at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and changes in such quantities during each of the years then ended, were as follows: Total Proved Reserves 2018 2017 Oil (BBL) Gas (MCF) Oil (BBL) Gas (MCF) Proved developed and Beginning of period 202 2,132,221 5,853 2,014,921 Revisions of previous estimates (79,135 ) (401,498 ) (5,549 ) 307,371 Production (20,329 ) (135,396 ) (102 ) (190,111 ) Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery - 25,014 - 40 Merger Acquisition 11,375,784 13,459,933 - - Purchase of minerals in place 29,300 116,110 - - Sales of minerals in place (10,159,421 ) (12,210,184 ) - (450,488 ) Proved reserves end of period 1,146,400 2,986,200 202 2,132,221 Proved Developed 2018 2017 Oil (BBL) Gas (MCF) Oil (BBL) Gas (MCF) Proved developed reserves: Beginning of period 202 1,798,697 5,823 1,699,997 End of period 148,600 1,914,900 202 1,798,697 Proved Undeveloped 2018 2017 Oil (BBL) Gas (MCF) Oil (BBL) Gas (MCF) Proved undeveloped reserves: Beginning of period - 333,524 - 314,925 End of period 997,800 1,071,300 - 333,524 At December 31, 2018, our previously estimated proved developed and undeveloped natural gas reserve quantities were revised downward by approximately 401,498 MCF of natural gas. This downward revision was mainly the result of one California location which had proved undeveloped reserves 333,524 MCF of natural gas at December 31, 2017, which the Company has decided not to drill. At December 31, 2018, our previously estimated proved developed and undeveloped oil reserve quantities were revised downward by approximately 79,135 BBL of oil. This downward revision was mainly the result of a Texas field acquired during the Matrix merger which had 81,054 BBL of oil lower proved developed producing reserves than originally estimated at the time of the merger. For December 31, 2017, our previously estimated proved developed and undeveloped reserve quantities were revised upward by approximately 307,371 MCF of natural gas. This upward revision reflected higher than previously estimated proved producing and non-producing natural gas reserves at eight California wells and one Utah well. A location which had 63,350 MCF in proved developed reserves at December 31, 2016, was drilled and began in 2011, was revised upward 122,998 MCF at December 31, 2017. Two locations which had 128,165 MCF in proved developed reserves at December 31, 2016, were drilled and began producing prior to 2000, were revised upward 118,006 MCF at December 31, 2017. A location which was drilled and began producing in 2010, which had proved developed reserves of 618,709 was revised upward 15,227 MCF at December 31, 2017. A location in Utah which was drilled and began producing in 2006, was revised upward 14,688 MCF at December 31, 2017. A location which was drilled and began producing in 2012, had no proved developed reserves at December 31, 2016, was revised upward 10,994 MCF at December 31, 2017. A location which was drilled and began producing in 2008, had proved developed reserves of 13,878 at December 31, 2016, was revised upward 6,084 MCF at December 31, 2017. A location which had proved undeveloped reserves of 314,925 MCF at December 31, 2016, was revised upward 18,598 MCF at December 31, 2017. Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Relating to Proved Oil and Gas Reserves The future net cash inflows are developed as follows: • Estimates are made of quantities of proved reserves and the future periods during which they are expected to be produced based on year-end economic conditions. • The estimated future production of proved reserves is priced on the basis of year-end prices. • The resulting future gross revenue streams are reduced by estimated future costs to develop and to produce proved reserves, based on year-end estimates. Estimated future development costs by year are as follows: 2019 $ 2,130,500 2020 1,881,500 2021 1,500,000 Thereafter 1,744,900 Total $ 7,256,900 The resulting future net revenue streams are reduced to present value amounts by applying a ten percent discount. Disclosure of principal components of the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows provides information concerning the factors involved in making the calculation. In addition, the disclosure of both undiscounted and discounted net cash flows provides a measure of comparing proved oil and gas reserves both with and without an estimate of production timing. The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flow relating to proved reserves reflects estimated income taxes. Changes in standardized measure of discounted future net cash flow from proved reserve quantities The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows is presented below for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. This statement discloses the sources of changes in the standardized measure from year to year. The amount reported as “Net changes in prices and production costs” represents the present value of changes in prices and production costs multiplied by estimates of proved reserves as of the beginning of the year. The “accretion of discount” was computed by multiplying the ten percent discount factor by the standardized measure on a pretax basis as of the beginning of the year. The “Sales of oil and gas produced, net of production costs” are expressed in actual dollar amounts. “Revisions of previous quantity estimates” is expressed at year-end prices. The “Net change in income taxes” is computed as the change in present value of future income taxes. 2018 2017 Future cash inflows $ 87,467,200 6,065,500 Future production costs (22,390,900 ) (2,117,900 ) Future development costs (7,256,900 ) (580,800 ) Future income tax expense (17,345,820 ) (1,010,040 ) Future net cash flows 40,473,580 2,356,760 10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows (9,827,666 ) (712,072 ) Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows $ 30,645,914 1,644,688 Sales of oil and gas produced, net of production costs $ (40,557 ) (161,139 ) Revisions of previous quantity estimates (71,162 ) 87,956 Net changes in prices and production costs 11,683,159 106,303 Sales of minerals in place (3,061,278 ) - Purchases of minerals in place 287,300 - Merger Acquisition 29,903,670 - Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery 59,191 74 Accretion of discount 2,670,000 197,400 Net change in income tax (12,429,097 ) (69,178 ) Net increase (decrease) $ 29,001,226 161,416 Future Development Costs In order to realize future revenues from our proved reserves estimated in our reserve report, it will be necessary to incur future costs to develop and produce the proved reserves. The following table estimates the costs to develop and produce our proved reserves in the years 2019 through 2021. Future development cost of: 2019 2020 2021 Proved developed reserves (PDP) $ - $ - $ - Proved non-producing reserves (PDNP) 38,000 91,500 - Proved undeveloped reserves (PUD) 2,092,500 1,790,000 1,500,000 Total $ 2,130,500 $ 1,881,500 $ 1,500,000 Common assumptions include such matters as the real extent and average thickness of a particular reservoir, the average porosity and permeability of the reservoir, the anticipated future production from existing and future wells, future development and production costs and the ultimate hydrocarbon recovery percentage. As a result, oil and gas reserve estimates and discounted present value estimates are frequently revised in subsequent periods to reflect production data obtained after the date of the original estimate. If the reserve estimates are inaccurate, production rates may decline more rapidly than anticipated, and future production revenues may be less than estimated. Additional data relating to Royale Energy’s oil and natural gas properties is disclosed in Supplemental Information About Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited), attached to Royale Energy’s Financial Statements, beginning on page F-1. Historic Development Costs for Proved Reserves In each year we expend funds to drill and develop some of our proved undeveloped reserves. The following table summarizes our historic costs incurred in each of the past three fiscal years to drill and develop reserves that were classified as proved undeveloped reserves as of December 31 of the immediately preceding year: 2018 $ - 2017 $ - 2016 $ 243,583 RMX Resources, LLC Royale has a 20% interest in RMX Resources, LLC, as described in NOTE 2- Merger with Matrix Oil Management Corporation and Formation of RMX. The estimates listed below of proved oil and gas reserves and revenues, both developed and undeveloped represent the gross volume attributable to RMX as a whole and to the 20 percent interest of RMX held by Royale. The reserve values were prepared by independent petroleum engineering consultants Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. These estimates do not include probable or possible reserves and revenue and are presented on the same bases as that of Royale. RMX is not subject to U.S. Federal or state income taxes related to crude oil and natural gas production. RMX has elected to be taxed as a partnership; therefore, the reserve information provided below does not consider Federal or state income taxes. Total Proved Reserves Net to RMX Net to Royale (20%) Oil (BBL) Gas (MCF) Oil (BBL) Gas (MCF) Proved developed and undeveloped reserves: Beginning of period – formation of RMX 18,699,100 22,018,272 3,739,820 4,403,654 Production (206,200 ) (127,972 ) (41,240 ) (25,594 ) Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery - - - - Purchase of minerals in place 2,757,926 - 551,585 - Sales of minerals in place - - Proved reserves end of period 21,095,700 21,890,300 4,219,140 4,378,060 Proved Developed Net to RMX Net to Royale (20%) Oil (BBL) Gas (MCF) Oil (BBL) Gas (MCF) Proved developed reserves: Beginning of period – formation of RMX 3,955,367 3,303,772 791,073 660,754 End of period 4,965,400 3,175,700 993,080 635,140 Proved Undeveloped Net to RMX Net to Royale (20%) Oil (BBL) Gas (MCF) Oil (BBL) Gas (MCF) Proved undeveloped reserves: Beginning of period – formation of RMX 14,588,606 18,714,400 2,917,721 3,742,880 End of period 16,130,300 18,714,400 3,226,060 3,742,880 Changes in Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flow from proved reserve quantities This statement discloses the sources of changes in the standardized measure from year to year. The amount reported as “Net changes in prices and production costs” represents the present value of changes in prices and production costs multiplied by estimates of proved reserves as of the beginning of the year. The “accretion of discount” was computed by multiplying the ten percent discount factor by the standardized measure on a pretax basis as of the beginning of the year. The “Sales of oil and gas produced, net of production costs” are expressed in actual dollar amounts. “Revisions of previous quantity estimates” is expressed at year-end prices. Because RMX was formed in April of 2018, this analysis only provides the reserve information as of year-end without a comparison and reciliation to a beginning reserve report. Net to RMX Net to Royale (20%) Future cash inflows 1,527,930,900 305,586,180 Future production costs (421,114,900 ) (84,222,980 ) Future development costs (144,008,100 ) (28,801,620 ) Future income tax expense - - Future net cash flows 962,807,900 192,561,580 10% annual discount for estimated timing of (594,814,700 ) (118,962,940 ) Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows 367,993,200 73,598,640 Sales of oil and gas produced, (4,053,176 ) (810,635 ) Formation of RMX joint venture 301,412,679 60,282,536 Revisions of previous quantity estimates - - Net changes in prices and production costs - - Sales of minerals in place - - Purchases of minerals in place 43,365,585 8,673,117 Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery Accretion of discount 27,268,112 5,453,622 Net change in income tax - - Net increase (decrease) 367,993,200 73,598,640 |