BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS Baker Hughes Company ("Baker Hughes," "the Company," "we," "us," or "our") is an energy technology company with a diversified portfolio of technologies and services that span the energy and industrial value chain. BASIS OF PRESENTATION The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S." and such principles, "U.S. GAAP") and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") for annual financial information. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Baker Hughes and all of its subsidiaries and affiliates which it controls or variable interest entities for which the Company has determined it is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. In the Company's consolidated financial statements and notes, certain amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation. In the notes to the consolidated financial statements, all dollar and share amounts in tabulations are in millions of dollars and shares, respectively, unless otherwise indicated. Certain columns and rows in the financial statements and notes thereto may not add due to the use of rounded numbers. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of any contingent assets or liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions and information that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Estimates and assumptions about future events and their effects cannot be perceived with certainty, and accordingly, these estimates may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as the Company's operating environment changes. While the Company believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are appropriate, actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates are used for, but are not limited to, determining the following: allowance for credit losses and inventory valuation reserves; recoverability of long-lived assets; revenue recognition on long-term contracts; valuation of goodwill; useful lives used in depreciation and amortization; income taxes and related valuation allowances; accruals for contingencies; actuarial assumptions to determine costs and liabilities related to employee benefit plans; stock-based compensation expense; valuation of derivatives; and the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in acquisitions. Foreign Currency Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. operations with a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar have been translated into U.S. dollars using the Company's period-end exchange rates, and revenue, expenses, and cash flows have been translated at average rates for the respective periods. Any resulting translation gains and losses are included in other comprehensive income (loss). The impact of remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the Company or its subsidiaries is included in the consolidated statements of income (loss). Revenue from Sale of Equipment Performance Obligations Satisfied Over Time The Company recognizes revenue on agreements for sales of equipment manufactured to unique customer specifications including long-term construction projects, on an over time basis, utilizing cost inputs as the measurement criteria in assessing the progress toward completion. The Company's estimate of costs to be incurred to fulfill its promise to a customer is based on the Company's history of manufacturing similar assets for customers and is updated routinely to reflect changes in quantity or pricing of the inputs. The Company begins to recognize revenue on these contracts when the contract specific inventory becomes customized for a customer, which is reflective of its initial transfer of control of the incurred costs. The Company provides for potential losses on any of these agreements when it is probable that it will incur the loss. The Company's billing terms for these over time contracts vary, but are generally based on achieving specified milestones. The differences between the timing of the Company's revenue recognized (based on costs incurred) and customer billings (based on contractual terms) results in changes to its contract asset or contract liability positions. Performance Obligations Satisfied at a Point In Time The Company recognizes revenue for non-customized equipment at the point in time that the customer obtains control of the good. Equipment for which the Company recognizes revenue at a point in time includes equipment manufactured on a standardized basis for sale to the market. The Company uses proof of delivery for certain large equipment with more complex logistics associated with the shipment, whereas the delivery of other equipment is generally determined based on historical data of transit times between regions. On occasion the Company sells equipment with a right of return. The Company uses its accumulated experience to estimate and provide for such returns when it records the sale. In situations where arrangements include customer acceptance provisions based on seller or customer-specified objective criteria, the Company recognizes revenue when it has concluded that the customer has control of the equipment and that acceptance has or is likely to occur. The Company's billing terms for these point in time equipment contracts vary, but are generally based on shipment of the equipment to the customer. Revenue from Sale of Services Performance Obligations Satisfied Over Time The Company sells product services under long-term product maintenance or extended warranty agreements in the Industrial & Energy Technology ("IET") segment. These agreements require the Company to maintain the customers' assets over the service agreement contract terms, which generally range from 10 to 20 years. In general, these are contractual arrangements to provide services, repairs, and maintenance of a covered unit (gas turbines for mechanical drive or power generation, primarily on liquefied natural gas ("LNG") applications). These services are performed at various times during the life of the contract, thus the costs of performing services are incurred on an other than straight-line basis. The Company recognizes related sales based on the extent of its progress toward completion measured by actual costs incurred in relation to total expected costs. The Company provides for any loss that it expects to incur on any of these agreements when that loss becomes probable. The Company utilizes historical customer data, prior product performance data, statistical analysis, third-party data, and internal management estimates to calculate contract-specific margins. In certain contracts, the total transaction price is variable based on customer utilization, which is excluded from the contract margin until the period that the customer has utilized to appropriately reflect the revenue activity in the period earned. In addition, revenue for certain oilfield services is recognized on an over time basis as performed. The Company's billing terms for these contracts are generally based on asset utilization (i.e. usage per hour) or the occurrence of a major maintenance event within the contract. The differences between the timing of the Company's revenue recognized (based on costs incurred) and customer billings (based on contractual terms) results in changes to its contract asset or contract liability positions. Performance Obligations Satisfied at a Point In Time The Company sells certain tangible products, largely spare equipment, through its services business. The Company recognizes revenue for this equipment at the point in time that the customer obtains control of the good, which is at the point in time the Company delivers the spare part to the customer. The Company's billing terms for these point in time service contracts vary, but are generally based on shipment of the equipment to the customer. Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and relate to the research and development of new products and services. Research and development costs were $643 million, $651 million, and $552 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, net of related funding received from third parties. Research and development expenses are reported in "Cost of goods sold" and "Cost of services sold" in the consolidated statements of income (loss). Cash and Cash Equivalents Short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less are included in cash equivalents unless designated as available-for-sale and classified as investment securities. Allowance for Credit Losses The Company monitors its customers' payment history and current creditworthiness to determine that collectability of the related financial assets is reasonably assured. The Company also considers the overall business climate in which its customers operate. The Company does not generally require collateral in support of its current receivables, but it may require payment in advance or security in the form of a letter of credit or a bank guarantee. For accounts receivable, a loss allowance matrix is utilized to measure lifetime expected credit losses. The matrix contemplates historical credit losses by age of receivables, adjusted for any forward-looking information and management expectations. Inventories All inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable values and they are measured on a first-in, first-out ("FIFO") basis or average cost basis. As necessary, the Company records provisions and maintains reserves for excess, slow moving and obsolete inventory. To determine these reserve amounts, the Company regularly reviews inventory quantities on hand and compares them to estimates of future product demand, market conditions, production requirements and technological developments. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment ("PP&E") is initially stated at cost and is depreciated over its estimated economic life. Subsequently, PP&E is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation, which is generally provided by using the straight-line method over the estimated economic lives of the individual assets, and impairment losses. The Company manufactures a substantial portion of its tools and equipment in the Oilfield Services & Equipment ("OFSE") segment and the cost of these items, which includes direct and indirect manufacturing costs, is capitalized in inventory and subsequently moved to PP&E. Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets The Company performs an annual impairment test of goodwill on a qualitative or quantitative basis for each of the reporting units as of July 1, in conjunction with its annual strategic planning process, or more frequently when circumstances indicate an impairment may exist at the reporting unit level. When performing the annual impairment test, the Company has the option of first performing a qualitative assessment to determine the existence of events and circumstances that would lead to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If such a conclusion is reached, the Company would then be required to perform a quantitative impairment assessment of goodwill. However, if the assessment leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, then no further assessments are required. A quantitative assessment for the determination of impairment is made by comparing the carrying amount of each reporting unit with its fair value, which is generally calculated using a combination of market, comparable transactions and discounted cash flow approaches. Potential impairment indicators include, but are not limited to, (i) the results of the Company's most recent annual or interim impairment testing, in particular the magnitude of the excess of fair value over carrying value observed; (ii) downward revisions to internal forecasts, and the magnitude thereof, if any; and (iii) declines in the Company's market capitalization below its book value, and the magnitude and duration of those declines, if any. The Company amortizes the cost of other intangible assets over their estimated useful lives unless such lives are deemed indefinite. The cost of intangible assets is generally amortized on a straight-line basis over the asset's estimated economic life. The Company reviews PP&E, intangible assets and certain other long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable, and at least annually for indefinite-lived intangible assets. When testing for impairment, the Company groups its long-lived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (or asset group). The determination of recoverability is made based upon the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows. The amount of impairment loss, if any, is determined by comparing the fair value, as determined by a discounted cash flow analysis, with the carrying value of the related assets. Leases The Company enters into various contractual arrangements for the right to use facilities and equipment. At contract inception, manag ement evaluates whether each of these arrangements contains a lease and classifies all identified leases as either operating or finance. If the arrangement is subsequently modified, the classification is re-evaluated. Upon commencement of the lease, management recognizes a lease liability and corresponding right-of-use ("ROU") asset. Lease assets are tested for impairment in the same manner as other long-lived assets. Financial Instruments The Company's financial instruments include cash and equivalents, current receivables, investments, accounts payables, short and long-term debt, and derivative financial instruments. The Company monitors its exposure to various business risks including commodity prices, interest rates, and foreign currency exchange rates, and it regularly uses derivative financial instruments to manage these risks. At the inception of a new derivative, the Company designates the derivative as a hedge, or it determines the derivative to be undesignated as a hedging instrument. The Company documents the relationships between the hedging instruments and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. The Company assesses whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged item at both the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis. The Company records all derivatives as of the end of its reporting period in the consolidated statements of financial position at fair value. For the forward contracts held as undesignated hedging instruments, the Company records the changes in fair value in the consolidated statements of income (loss) along with the change in the fair value, related to foreign exchange movements, of the hedged item. Changes in the fair value of forward contracts designated as cash flow hedging instruments are recognized in other comprehensive income until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. Fair Value Measurements For financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, fair value is the price the Company would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction with a market participant at the measurement date. In the absence of active markets for the identical assets or liabilities, such measurements involve developing assumptions based on market observable data and, in the absence of such data, internal information that is consistent with what market participants would use in a hypothetical transaction that occurs at the measurement date. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. Preference is given to observable inputs and the Company maintains policies and procedures to identify, monitor and assess the reasonableness of these inputs to the valuation. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy: • Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. • Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable. • Level 3 - Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable. Recurring Fair Value Measurements Derivatives When the Company has Level 1 derivatives, which are traded either on exchanges or liquid markets, the Company uses closing prices for valuation. The majority of the Company's derivatives are valued using internal models and are included in Level 2. These internal models maximize the use of market observable inputs including interest rate curves and both forward and spot prices for currencies and commodities. Derivative assets and liabilities included in Level 2 primarily represent foreign currency and commodity forward contracts for the Company. Investments in Debt and Equity Securities When available, the Company uses quoted market prices to determine the fair value of investment securities, and they are included in Level 1. Level 1 securities primarily include publicly traded equity securities. For investment securities for which market prices are observable for identical or similar investment securities but not readily accessible for each of those investments individually (that is, it is difficult to obtain pricing information for each individual investment security at the measurement date), the Company uses pricing models and observable inputs that are consistent with what other market participants would use and these are included in Level 2. The inputs and assumptions to the models are derived from market observable sources, including: benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers, and other market-related data. When the Company uses valuations that are based on significant unobservable inputs, it classifies the investment securities in Level 3. Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements Certain assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances. These assets can include long-lived assets that have been reduced to fair value when they are held for sale, equity securities without readily determinable fair value, equity method investments and long-lived assets that are written down to fair value when they are impaired, and the remeasurement of retained investments in formerly consolidated subsidiaries upon a change in control that results in a deconsolidation of a subsidiary, if the Company sells a controlling interest and retains a noncontrolling stake in the entity. Investments in Equity Securities Investments in equity securities (in which the Company does not have a controlling financial interest or significant influence, most often because it holds a voting interest of 0% to 20%) with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value with changes recognized in earnings and reported in "Other non-operating income (loss), net" in the consolidated statements of income (loss). Equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values are recorded at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar equity securities of the same issuer. These changes are recorded in "Other non-operating income (loss), net" in the consolidated statements of income (loss). Equity method investments are equity holdings in entities in which the Company does not have a controlling financial interest, but over which it has significant influence, most often because it holds a voting interest of 20% to 50%. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the aggregate carrying amount of the Company's equity method investments was $1,080 million and $979 million, respectively. The results of the Company's equity method investments are presented in the consolidated statements of income (loss) as follows: (i) if the investment is integral to the Company's operations, their results are included in "Selling, general and administrative," and (ii) if the investment is not integral to the Company's operations, their results are included in "Other non-operating income (loss), net." Investments in, and advances to, equity method investments are presented on a one-line basis in "All other assets" in the consolidated statements of financial position. Income Taxes The Company files U.S. federal and state income tax returns which primarily includes its distributive share of items of income, gain, loss, and deduction of Baker Hughes Holdings LLC ("BHH LLC"), its primary operating company and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company since December 2022, which was treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes until December 30, 2023. Effective December 30, 2023, the Company and various subsidiaries completed a reorganization that resulted in BHH LLC no longer being treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes. As a partnership, BHH LLC was not subject to U.S. federal income tax under current U.S. tax laws. However, as of December 31, 2023, BHH LLC is included and taxed as part of the Company's consolidated U.S. tax return. Non-U.S. current and deferred income taxes owed by the subsidiaries of BHH LLC are reflected in the Company's financial statements. The Company accounts for taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the financial statement and the tax base of assets and liabilities based on enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when taxes are actually paid or recovered, as well as for net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. The effect of a change in tax laws or rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period in which such change is enacted. Future tax benefits are recognized to the extent that realization of such benefits is more likely than not, and a valuation allowance is established for any portion of a deferred tax asset that management believes is not more likely than not to be realized. Significant judgment is required in determining the Company's tax expense and in evaluating its tax positions, including evaluating uncertainties. The Company's tax filings are subject to audit by the tax authorities in the jurisdictions where it conducts business. These audits may result in assessments of additional taxes that are resolved with the tax authorities or through the courts. The Company has provided for the amounts that it believes will ultimately result from these proceedings. The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions that are "more likely than not" to be sustained if the relevant tax authority were to audit the position with full knowledge of all the relevant facts and other information. For those tax positions that meet this threshold, the Company measures the amount of tax benefit based on the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% chance of being realized in a final settlement with the relevant authority. The Company classifies interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as income tax expense. The effects of tax adjustments and settlements from taxing authorities are presented in the financial statements in the period they are finalized. Supply Chain Finance Programs Under the supply chain finance ("SCF") programs, administered by a third party, the Company's suppliers are given the opportunity to sell receivables from the Company to participating financial institutions at their sole discretion at a rate that leverages the Company's credit rating and thus might be more beneficial to the Company's suppliers. The Company's responsibility is limited to making payment on the terms originally negotiated with the Company's supplier, regardless of whether the supplier sells its receivable to a financial institution. The range of payment terms the Company negotiates with its suppliers is consistent, irrespective of whether a supplier participates in the program. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, $411 million and $332 million of SCF program liabilities are recorded in " Accounts payable NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADOPTED The Company has adopted ASU 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures" ("ASU 2023-07"), effective retrospectively for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. ASU 2023-07 enhances the disclosures required for operating segments in the Company's annual and interim consolidated financial statements. As a result of this adoption, the Company's segment disclosure now includes significant expense categories. The Company's primary segment measure remains unchanged. See "Note 17. Segment Information" for the enhanced disclosures associated with the adoption of ASU 2023-07. NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS TO BE ADOPTED In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, "Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures" ("ASU 2024-03"), which enhances the disclosures required for certain expense captions in the Company's annual and interim consolidated financial statements. ASU 2024-03 is effective prospectively or retrospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures" ("ASU 2023-09"), which is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 provide for enhanced income tax information primarily through changes to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. ASU 2023-09, which allows for early adoption, is effective for the Company prospectively to all annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of this standard on its disclosures. All other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued, but not yet effective are currently being evaluated and at this time are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations. |