Loans Held-for-Investment, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses | Loans Held-for-Investment, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses The Company originates and acquires commercial real estate debt and related instruments generally to be held as long-term investments. These assets are classified as “loans held-for-investment” on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Loans held-for-investment are reported at cost, net of any unamortized acquisition premiums or discounts, loan fees, origination costs and allowance for credit losses, as applicable. The following tables summarize the Company’s loans held-for-investment by asset type, property type and geographic location as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020: September 30, (dollars in thousands) Senior Loans (1) Mezzanine Loans B-Notes Total Unpaid principal balance $ 3,657,401 $ 1,387 $ 14,065 $ 3,672,853 Unamortized (discount) premium (67) — — (67) Unamortized net deferred origination fees (13,095) — — (13,095) Allowance for credit losses (40,897) (1,387) (3,196) (45,480) Carrying value $ 3,603,342 $ — $ 10,869 $ 3,614,211 Unfunded commitments $ 430,105 $ — $ — $ 430,105 Number of loans 98 1 1 100 Weighted average coupon 4.6 % 13.0 % 8.0 % 4.6 % Weighted average years to maturity (2) 1.0 4.1 5.3 1.0 December 31, (dollars in thousands) Senior Loans (1) Mezzanine Loans B-Notes Total Unpaid principal balance $ 3,915,833 $ 2,366 $ 14,235 $ 3,932,434 Unamortized (discount) premium (75) — — (75) Unamortized net deferred origination fees (17,890) — — (17,890) Allowance for credit losses (60,130) (2,366) (4,170) (66,666) Carrying value $ 3,837,738 $ — $ 10,065 $ 3,847,803 Unfunded commitments $ 503,726 $ — $ — $ 503,726 Number of loans 101 1 1 103 Weighted average coupon 5.1 % 13.0 % 8.0 % 5.1 % Weighted average years to maturity (2) 1.1 4.9 6.1 1.1 ____________________ (1) Loans primarily secured by a first priority lien on commercial real property and related personal property and also includes, when applicable, any companion subordinate loans. (2) Based on contractual maturity date. Certain loans are subject to contractual extension options with such conditions stipulated in the applicable loan documents. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities stated herein as certain borrowers may have the right to prepay with or without paying a prepayment fee. The Company may also extend contractual maturities in connection with certain loan modifications. (dollars in thousands) September 30, December 31, Property Type Carrying Value % of Loan Portfolio Carrying Value % of Loan Portfolio Office $ 1,663,478 46.0 % $ 1,720,705 44.7 % Multifamily 982,624 27.2 % 910,557 23.7 % Hotel 517,028 14.3 % 646,869 16.8 % Retail 340,265 9.4 % 332,218 8.6 % Industrial 89,456 2.5 % 196,677 5.1 % Other 21,360 0.6 % 40,777 1.1 % Total $ 3,614,211 100.0 % $ 3,847,803 100.0 % (dollars in thousands) September 30, December 31, Geographic Location Carrying Value % of Loan Portfolio Carrying Value % of Loan Portfolio Northeast $ 950,447 26.3 % $ 1,028,584 26.8 % Southwest 807,483 22.3 % 802,233 20.8 % West 630,826 17.5 % 682,236 17.7 % Midwest 608,102 16.8 % 712,675 18.5 % Southeast 617,353 17.1 % 622,075 16.2 % Total $ 3,614,211 100.0 % $ 3,847,803 100.0 % At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company pledged loans held-for-investment with a carrying value, net of allowance for credit losses, of $3.5 billion and $3.8 billion, respectively, as collateral under repurchase facilities, an asset-specific financing facility, a term financing facility and securitized debt obligations. See Note 4 - Variable Interest Entities and Securitized Debt Obligations and Note 5 - Secured Financing Agreements. The following table summarizes activity related to loans held-for-investment, net of allowance for credit losses, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands) 2021 2020 2021 2020 Balance at beginning of period $ 3,577,644 $ 4,290,047 $ 3,847,803 $ 4,226,212 Originations, additional fundings and capitalized deferred interest 325,597 57,617 565,212 317,630 Repayments (290,497) (184,723) (815,054) (290,838) Transfers to loans held-for-sale — (190,787) — (210,452) Net discount accretion (premium amortization) (2) — 9 16 (Increase) decrease in net deferred origination fees (3,566) 101 (5,905) (2,908) Amortization of net deferred origination fees 2,584 3,236 10,700 12,541 Benefit from (provision for) credit losses 2,451 3,371 11,446 (73,339) Balance at end of period $ 3,614,211 $ 3,978,862 $ 3,614,211 $ 3,978,862 Allowance for Credit Losses Subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020, to estimate and recognize an allowance for credit losses on loans held-for-investment and their related unfunded commitments, the Company continues to use a third-party licensed probability-weighted analytical model. The Company employs quarterly updated macroeconomic forecasts, which reflect the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the overall U.S. economy and commercial real estate markets generally. Driven by the general progress around the development and distribution of the COVID-19 vaccines over the last few quarters, those macroeconomic forecasts have been improving, including expectations for unemployment rates, overall economic output and values of real estate properties. Significant inputs to the Company’s estimate of the allowance for credit losses include loan specific factors such as debt service coverage ratio, or DSCR, loan to value ratio, or LTV, remaining contractual loan term, property type and others. In certain instances, for loans with unique risk and credit characteristics, the Company may instead elect to employ different methods to estimate an allowance for credit losses that also conform to ASU 2016-13 and related guidance. As of September 30, 2021, the Company recognized an allowance for credit losses related to its loans held-for-investment of $45.5 million, which reflected a write-off of $9.7 million on a loan held-for-investment and a benefit from provision for credit losses of $2.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The benefit from provision for credit losses reflects the continued general improvement in the overall performance of the investment portfolio and current expectations for further improvement in macroeconomic conditions. The allowance for credit losses related to the Company’s loans held-for-investment is deducted from the amortized cost basis of related loans, while the allowance for credit losses related to off-balance sheet unfunded commitments on existing loans is recorded as a component of other liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2021, the Company recognized $1.9 million in other liabilities related to the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized a benefit from provision for credit losses of $3.3 million mainly related to the release of a $3.2 million allowance for credit losses related to unfunded commitments on the office loan that had previously been deemed to be collateral-dependent and for which the unfunded commitments were deemed to be unlikely to be funded, given the loan’s delinquent status as of September 30, 2021. Changes in the provision for credit losses for both loans held-for-investment and their related unfunded commitments are recognized through net income (loss) on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). The following table presents the changes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 in the allowance for credit losses on loans held-for-investment: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands) 2021 2021 Balance at beginning of period $ 57,671 $ 66,666 (Benefit from) provision for credit losses (2,451) (11,446) Write-off (9,740) (9,740) Recoveries of amounts previously written off — — Balance at end of period $ 45,480 $ 45,480 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands) 2020 2020 Balance at beginning of period $ 76,710 $ 16,692 (Benefit from) provision for credit losses (3,371) 56,647 Write-offs — — Recoveries of amounts previously written off — — Balance at end of period $ 73,339 $ 73,339 Generally, loans held-for-investment are placed on nonaccrual status when delinquent for more than 90 days or earlier when determined not to be probable of full collection. Interest income recognition is suspended when loans are placed on nonaccrual status. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company resolved the nonaccrual status of a senior loan secured by a mixed-use office and retail property in New York City with an unpaid principal balance of $22.0 million. The Company received all interest that was previously due in the amount of approximately $1.6 million, which was recorded in interest income on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). Given these facts and the Company’s expectations for the loan to be performing in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement, the loan was reinstated to accrual status. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company resolved a senior loan that had an outstanding unpaid principal balance of $68.1 million and had been on nonaccrual status. The resolution involved a coordinated sale of the collateral property, a Minneapolis, MN hotel, and the Company providing the new ownership group with a new $45.3 million senior floating rate loan. As a result of these transactions, the Company recognized a write-off of $9.7 million. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had two senior loans with a total unpaid principal balance of $168.1 million and carrying value of $145.4 million that were held on nonaccrual status. Any reversal of accrued interest income is recorded in interest income on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). No other loans were considered past due as of September 30, 2021. The following table presents the carrying value of loans held-for-investment on nonaccrual status for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands) 2021 2021 Nonaccrual loan carrying value at beginning of period $ 225,115 $ 17,835 Addition of nonaccrual loan carrying value $ — $ 207,280 Removal of nonaccrual loan carrying value $ (79,765) $ (79,765) Nonaccrual loan carrying value at end of period $ 145,350 $ 145,350 Loan Risk Ratings The Company’s primary credit quality indicators are its risk ratings. The Company evaluates the credit quality of each loan at least quarterly by assessing the risk factors of each loan and assigning a risk rating based on a variety of factors. Risk factors include property type, geographic and local market dynamics, physical condition, leasing and tenant profile, projected cash flow, loan structure and exit plan, LTV, project sponsorship and other factors deemed necessary. Risk ratings are defined as follows: 1 – Lower Risk 2 – Average Risk 3 – Acceptable Risk 4 – Higher Risk: A loan that has exhibited material deterioration in cash flows and/or other credit factors, which, if negative trends continue, could be indicative of probability of principal loss. 5 – Loss Likely: A loan that has a significantly increased probability of principal loss. The following table presents the number of loans, unpaid principal balance and carrying value by risk rating for loans held-for-investment as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020: (dollars in thousands) September 30, December 31, Risk Rating Number of Loans Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying Value Number of Loans Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying Value 1 9 $ 281,201 $ 280,172 6 $ 183,369 $ 182,730 2 53 1,842,052 1,819,740 50 1,863,590 1,847,332 3 26 839,615 832,077 29 1,055,782 1,026,662 4 10 541,891 536,872 17 762,636 732,310 5 2 168,094 145,350 1 67,057 58,769 Total 100 $ 3,672,853 $ 3,614,211 103 $ 3,932,434 $ 3,847,803 As of September 30, 2021, the weighted average risk rating of the Company’s portfolio was 2.6, weighted by unpaid principal balance, versus 2.8 as of June 30, 2021. The improvement in the portfolio’s average risk rating reflects the ongoing economic and market recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, the advancement of business plans for the collateral properties, and the resulting improvement in the performance of the properties securing the Company’s loan portfolio, which resulted in risk rating upgrades in the portfolio during the three months ended September 30, 2021. The following table presents the carrying value of loans held-for-investment as of September 30, 2021 and 2020 by risk rating and year of origination: September 30, 2021 (dollars in thousands) Origination Year Risk Rating 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Total 1 $ — $ — $ 171,163 $ 75,601 $ — $ 33,408 $ — $ 280,172 2 $ 402,170 $ 86,214 $ 841,954 $ 340,839 $ 59,246 $ 37,389 $ 51,928 $ 1,819,740 3 $ 44,488 $ 58,241 $ 238,699 $ 241,541 $ 156,008 $ 67,991 $ 25,109 $ 832,077 4 $ — $ — $ 166,549 $ 73,375 $ 177,333 $ — $ 119,615 $ 536,872 5 $ — $ — $ — $ 99,495 $ 45,855 $ — $ — $ 145,350 Total $ 446,658 $ 144,455 $ 1,418,365 $ 830,851 $ 438,442 $ 138,788 $ 196,652 $ 3,614,211 September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands) Origination Year Risk Rating 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Total 1 $ — $ 18,269 $ 90,472 $ — $ 33,300 $ — $ 142,041 2 74,375 1,050,044 591,444 284,263 103,336 54,078 2,157,540 3 11,827 359,028 259,642 257,661 — 11,193 899,351 4 40,931 166,125 250,302 180,968 — 141,604 779,930 5 — — — — — — — Total $ 127,133 $ 1,593,466 $ 1,191,860 $ 722,892 $ 136,636 $ 206,875 $ 3,978,862 During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company entered into a loan modification related to a retail asset located in Pasadena, CA, which is classified as troubled debt restructuring under GAAP. This modification included, among other changes, a partial deferral of the loan’s contractual interest payments due to the collateral property’s cash flows and operating performance being adversely affected by the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This loan had also been previously modified. At September 30, 2021, this first mortgage loan had an outstanding principal balance of $114.1 million and was assigned a risk rating of “5”. The Company determined that the recovery of the loan’s principal is collateral-dependent. Accordingly, this loan was assessed individually and the Company elected to apply a practical expedient in accordance with ASU 2016-13. At September 30, 2021, the Company recorded an allowance for credit loss of $14.1 million on this loan based on the Company’s estimate of fair value of the loan’s underlying collateral using the discounted cash flow method of valuation less the estimated cost to foreclose and sell the property. The estimation of the fair value of the collateral property also involved using various Level 3 inputs, which were in part developed based on discussions with various market participants and management’s best estimates as of the valuation date, and required significant judgment. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company placed this loan on nonaccrual status and reversed $0.3 million of interest income. This loan’s maturity date has passed without the loan being paid off. The Company is evaluating a variety of potential options with respect to the resolution of this loan, which, among others, may include a foreclosure, negotiated deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, a sale of the underlying collateral property or a sale of the loan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, a first mortgage loan with a principal balance of $54.0 million collateralized by an office property located in Washington, D.C., was downgraded to a risk rating of “5” as a result of the collateral property’s operating performance being adversely affected by the ongoing office leasing market challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company entered into a loan modification related to this asset, which included, among other changes, a reallocation of certain reserves. This loan had also been modified previously. The Company determined that the recovery of the loan’s principal is collateral-dependent. Accordingly, this loan was assessed individually and the Company elected to apply a practical expedient in accordance with ASU 2016-13. At September 30, 2021, the Company recorded an allowance for credit loss of $8.0 million on this loan based on the Company’s estimate of fair value of the loan’s underlying collateral using the discounted cash flow method of valuation less the estimated cost to foreclose and sell the property. The estimation of the fair value of the collateral property also involved using various |