Loans Held-for-Investment, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses | Loans Held-for-Investment, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses The following tables summarize the Company’s loans held-for-investment by asset type, property type and geographic location as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023: March 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands) Senior Loans (1) B-Notes Total Unpaid principal balance $ 2,696,262 $ 13,440 $ 2,709,702 Unamortized (discount) premium (11) — (11) Unamortized net deferred origination fees (7,007) — (7,007) Allowance for credit losses (209,830) (315) (210,145) Carrying value $ 2,479,414 $ 13,125 $ 2,492,539 Unfunded commitments $ 134,387 $ — $ 134,387 Number of loans 70 1 71 Weighted average coupon (2) 7.0 % 8.0 % 7.0 % Weighted average years to maturity (3) 0.5 2.8 0.6 December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands) Senior Loans (1) B-Notes Total Unpaid principal balance $ 2,713,672 $ 13,507 $ 2,727,179 Unamortized (discount) premium (19) — (19) Unamortized net deferred origination fees (8,674) — (8,674) Allowance for credit losses (134,302) (359) (134,661) Carrying value $ 2,570,677 $ 13,148 $ 2,583,825 Unfunded commitments $ 160,698 $ — $ 160,698 Number of loans 72 1 73 Weighted average coupon (2) 8.2 % 8.0 % 8.2 % Weighted average years to maturity (3) 0.7 3.1 0.7 ______________________ (1) Loans primarily secured by a first priority lien on commercial real property and related personal property and also includes, when applicable, any companion subordinate loans. (2) Weighted average coupon inclusive of the impact of nonaccrual loans. (3) Based on contractual maturity date. Certain loans are subject to contractual extension options with such conditions stipulated in the applicable loan documents. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities stated herein as certain borrowers may have the right to prepay with or without paying a prepayment fee. The Company may also extend contractual maturities in connection with certain loan modifications. (dollars in thousands) March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Property Type Carrying Value % of Loan Portfolio Carrying Value % of Loan Portfolio Office $ 1,075,190 43.1 % $ 1,116,551 43.2 % Multifamily 791,663 31.8 % 826,125 32.0 % Hotel 180,561 7.2 % 180,891 7.0 % Retail 243,677 9.8 % 257,945 10.0 % Industrial 113,926 4.6 % 113,972 4.4 % Other 87,522 3.5 % 88,341 3.4 % Total $ 2,492,539 100.0 % $ 2,583,825 100.0 % (dollars in thousands) March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Geographic Location Carrying Value % of Loan Portfolio Carrying Value % of Loan Portfolio Northeast $ 632,706 25.4 % $ 709,838 27.5 % Southwest 490,734 19.7 % 495,133 19.2 % West 323,887 13.0 % 328,547 12.7 % Midwest 416,083 16.7 % 421,881 16.3 % Southeast 629,129 25.2 % 628,426 24.3 % Total $ 2,492,539 100.0 % $ 2,583,825 100.0 % At both March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, loans held-for-investment with a carrying value, net of allowance for credit losses, of $2.5 billion collateralized the Company’s secured financing agreements and CRE CLOs. See Note 5 - Variable Interest Entities and Securitized Debt Obligations, and Note 6 - Secured Financing Agreements, for further detail . Loan Portfolio Activity The following table summarizes activity related to loans held-for-investment, net of allowance for credit losses, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023: Three Months Ended March 31, (in thousands) 2024 2023 Balance at beginning of period $ 2,583,825 $ 3,267,815 Originations, additional fundings, upsizing of loans and capitalized deferred interest 18,001 18,205 Repayments (35,478) (59,450) Net discount accretion (premium amortization) 8 13 Increase (decrease) from net deferred origination fees 59 (619) Amortization of net deferred origination fees 1,608 2,531 Provision for credit losses (75,484) (46,116) Balance at end of period $ 2,492,539 $ 3,182,379 During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company funded $17.5 million of prior commitments and upsizings. Additionally, the Company received $28.1 million of full loan repayments, and partial paydowns and amortization of $7.4 million, for total loan repayments, paydowns and amortization of $35.5 million. Allowance for Credit Losses The following table presents the changes for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023 in the allowance for credit losses on loans held-for-investment: Three Months Ended March 31, (in thousands) 2024 2023 Balance at beginning of period $ 134,661 $ 82,335 Provision for (benefit from) credit losses 75,484 46,116 Balance at end of period $ 210,145 $ 128,451 During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded an increase of $75.5 million in its allowance for credit losses on loans held-for-investment. The increase was primarily due to: (i) $62.8 million related to four loans (one multifamily loan, one office loan and two mixed-use loans) that were assessed individually and considered collateral-dependent for the first time during the three months ended March 31, 2024; and (ii) $11.6 million due to the ongoing challenges in the commercial real estate market and expectations for further pressure on property values and other loan specific assumptions employed in estimating the general Current Expected Credit Loss, or CECL, reserve. As of March 31, 2024, the Company recognized $2.5 million in other liabilities related to the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments, resulting in a total allowance for credit losses of $212.7 million, and recorded a provision for credit losses of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, partially offset by a decrease in unfunded commitments, resulting in a total provision for credit losses of $(75.6) million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had ten collateral-dependent loans with an aggregate principal balance of $539.7 million, for which the Company recorded an allowance for credit losses of $155.3 million. These loans were individually assessed in accordance with the CECL framework and the allowance for credit losses was determined based on the estimates of the collateral properties’ fair value. The performance of the collateral properties securing these loans has been impacted by an uncertain commercial real estate market and macroeconomic outlook, which includes weakening in credit fundamentals, capital markets volatility and significantly reduced real estate transaction activity, especially for certain property types, such as office assets located in underperforming markets, and a meaningfully higher cost of capital driven by high interest rates. These macroeconomic and market factors have resulted in the slowing of business plan execution and reduced market liquidity, thereby impacting the borrowers’ ability to either sell or refinance their properties to repay the Company’s loans. See Note 9 - Fair Value, for further detail on the fair value measurement of these loans. Additionally, as of March 31, 2024, the Company had two collateral-dependent loans with an aggregate principal balance of $102.2 million secured by office properties, for which the Company recorded no allowance for credit losses as the collateral’s estimated fair value exceeded the loan balances. See Note 9 - Fair Value, Nonaccrual Loans The following table presents the carrying value of loans held-for-investment on nonaccrual status for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023: Three Months Ended March 31, (in thousands) 2024 2023 Nonaccrual loan carrying value at beginning of period $ 343,683 $ 207,958 Addition of nonaccrual loan carrying value 178,527 23,270 Reduction of nonaccrual loan carrying value (4,703) (23,994) Nonaccrual loan carrying value at end of period $ 517,507 $ 207,234 As of March 31, 2024, the Company had thirteen senior loans with a total unpaid principal balance of $691.3 million and carrying value of $517.5 million that were held on nonaccrual status, compared to five senior loans with a total unpaid principal balance of $274.8 million and carrying value of $207.2 million that were held on nonaccrual status as of March 31, 2023. All other loans were considered current with respect to principal and interest payments due as of March 31, 2024, and March 31, 2023. Loan Modifications The Company may amend or modify a loan depending on the loan’s specific facts and circumstances. These loan modifications typically include additional time for the borrower to refinance or sell the collateral property, adjustment or waiver of performance tests that are prerequisite to the extension of a loan’s maturity, and/or deferral of scheduled principal payments. In exchange for a modification, the Company may receive a partial repayment of principal, a short-term accrual of capitalized interest for a portion of interest due, a cash infusion to replenish interest or capital improvement reserves, termination of all or a portion of the remaining unfunded loan commitment, additional call protection, and/or an increase in the loan coupon or fees. During the twelve months ended March 31, 2024, the Company entered into one loan modification that requires disclosure pursuant to ASC 326. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company completed the modification of a first mortgage loan secured by a multifamily student housing property in Louisville, KY. As of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the loan had a principal balance of $49.5 million and $48.5 million and an amortized cost of $49.3 million and $48.3 million, respectively. The terms of the modification included, among other things, a 12-month extension of the fully-extended maturity date to November 9, 2024, the full deferral of debt service payments with interest capitalized and compounding, the deferral of the extension fee and the Company’s agreement to pay for approved expenses, in its sole discretion. Due to the uncertainty with respect to the collection of future interest accruals, the loan was placed on nonaccrual status. Loan Risk Ratings The Company’s primary credit quality indicators are its risk ratings. The Company evaluates the credit quality of each loan at least quarterly by assessing the risk factors of each loan and assigning a risk rating based on a variety of factors. Risk factors considered in the assessment include, but are not limited to, property type, geographic and local market dynamics, physical condition, leasing and tenant profile, projected cash flow, collateral performance, loan structure and exit plan, origination loan-to-value, or LTV, project sponsorship and other factors deemed necessary. The Company evaluates these factors with respect to each loan investment on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration such loan’s facts and circumstances at the time. The risk factors may be given different weightings and consideration depending on each loan’s situation. Loans are rated “1” (less risk) through “5” (greater risk), which ratings are defined as follows: 1 – Lower Risk 2 – Average Risk 3 – Acceptable Risk 4 – Higher Risk: A loan that has exhibited material deterioration in cash flows and/or other credit factors, which, if negative trends continue, could be indicative of probability of principal loss. 5 – Loss Likely: A loan that has a significantly increased probability of principal loss. The following table presents the number of loans, unpaid principal balance and carrying value by risk rating for loans held-for-investment as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023: (dollars in thousands) March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Risk Rating Number of Loans Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying Value Number of Loans Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying Value 1 6 $ 147,883 $ 146,993 4 $ 71,597 $ 71,211 2 28 1,019,966 1,001,412 36 1,277,491 1,262,126 3 22 839,411 820,766 24 862,102 842,175 4 5 162,784 139,811 4 192,104 174,313 5 10 539,658 383,557 5 323,885 234,000 Total 71 $ 2,709,702 $ 2,492,539 73 $ 2,727,179 $ 2,583,825 As of March 31, 2024, the weighted average risk rating of the Company’s loan portfolio was 3.0, versus 2.8 as of December 31, 2023, weighted by unpaid principal balance. The change in portfolio risk rating as of March 31, 2024, versus December 31, 2023, is mainly a result of select loan rating downgrades, partially offset by certain loan rating upgrades. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, as part of its quarterly risk rating process, the Company downgraded five loans with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $217.2 million to a risk rating of “5”. These five loans were downgraded due to the challenging leasing environment including local market fundamentals, uncertain and volatile capital market conditions resulting in limited liquidity for real estate transactions, further pressure on property values and other factors related to property specific operating performance. The following table presents the carrying value of loans held-for-investment as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, by risk rating and year of origination: March 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands) Origination Year Risk Rating 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total 1 $ — $ — $ 30,183 $ 23,403 $ 21,722 $ 71,685 $ 146,993 2 — — 280,142 285,541 22,194 413,535 1,001,412 3 — 49,233 106,754 138,190 22,495 504,094 820,766 4 — — 19,627 — — 120,184 139,811 5 — — — 43,803 — 339,754 383,557 Total $ — $ 49,233 $ 436,706 $ 490,937 $ 66,411 $ 1,449,252 $ 2,492,539 Gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands) Origination Year Risk Rating 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total 1 $ — $ — $ — $ 21,744 $ 49,467 $ — $ 71,211 2 — 328,576 349,210 21,966 474,669 87,705 1,262,126 3 47,760 105,934 146,538 22,599 189,259 330,085 842,175 4 — — — — 25,807 148,506 174,313 5 — — — — 121,940 112,060 234,000 Total $ 47,760 $ 434,510 $ 495,748 $ 66,309 $ 861,142 $ 678,356 $ 2,583,825 Gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (33,324) $ (20,950) $ (54,274) |