Loans Held-for-Investment, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses | Loans Held-for-Investment, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses The following tables summarize the Company’s loans held-for-investment by asset type, property type and geographic location as of June 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023: June 30, 2024 (dollars in thousands) Senior Loans (1) B-Notes (2) Total Unpaid principal balance $ 2,610,510 $ 13,374 $ 2,623,884 Unamortized (discount) premium (5) — (5) Unamortized net deferred origination fees (6,995) — (6,995) Allowance for credit losses (263,868) (272) (264,140) Carrying value $ 2,339,642 $ 13,102 $ 2,352,744 Unfunded commitments $ 118,010 $ — $ 118,010 Number of loans 67 1 68 Weighted average coupon (3) 7.0 % 8.0 % 7.0 % Weighted average years to maturity (4) 0.4 2.6 0.4 December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands) Senior Loans (1) B-Notes (2) Total Unpaid principal balance $ 2,713,672 $ 13,507 $ 2,727,179 Unamortized (discount) premium (19) — (19) Unamortized net deferred origination fees (8,674) — (8,674) Allowance for credit losses (134,302) (359) (134,661) Carrying value $ 2,570,677 $ 13,148 $ 2,583,825 Unfunded commitments $ 160,698 $ — $ 160,698 Number of loans 72 1 73 Weighted average coupon (3) 8.2 % 8.0 % 8.2 % Weighted average years to maturity (4) 0.7 3.1 0.7 ______________________ (1) Loans primarily secured by a first priority lien on commercial real property and related personal property and also includes, when applicable, any companion subordinate loans. (2) A subordinate loan secured by the same mortgage as the senior loan. (3) Weighted average coupon inclusive of the impact of nonaccrual loans. (4) Based on contractual maturity date, including maturity defaulted loans with no remaining term. Certain loans are subject to contractual extension options with such conditions stipulated in the applicable loan documents. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities stated herein as certain borrowers may have the right to prepay with or without paying a prepayment fee. The Company may also extend contractual maturities in connection with certain loan modifications. (dollars in thousands) June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Property Type Carrying Value % of Loan Portfolio Carrying Value % of Loan Portfolio Office $ 1,015,245 43.2 % $ 1,116,551 43.2 % Multifamily 742,615 31.6 % 826,125 32.0 % Hotel 181,437 7.7 % 180,891 7.0 % Retail 235,271 10.0 % 257,945 10.0 % Industrial 114,060 4.8 % 113,972 4.4 % Other 64,116 2.7 % 88,341 3.4 % Total $ 2,352,744 100.0 % $ 2,583,825 100.0 % (dollars in thousands) June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Geographic Location Carrying Value % of Loan Portfolio Carrying Value % of Loan Portfolio Northeast $ 558,455 23.7 % $ 709,838 27.5 % Southwest 493,592 21.0 % 495,133 19.2 % West 310,306 13.2 % 328,547 12.7 % Midwest 392,773 16.7 % 421,881 16.3 % Southeast 597,618 25.4 % 628,426 24.3 % Total $ 2,352,744 100.0 % $ 2,583,825 100.0 % Loan Portfolio Activity The following table summarizes activity related to loans held-for-investment, net of allowance for credit losses, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, (in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Balance at beginning of period $ 2,492,539 $ 3,182,379 $ 2,583,825 $ 3,267,815 Originations, additional fundings, upsizing of loans and capitalized deferred interest 17,867 18,975 35,868 37,180 Repayments (61,405) (206,173) (96,883) (265,623) Transfers to real estate owned (35,659) (24,000) (35,659) (24,000) Net discount accretion (premium amortization) 7 7 15 20 Increase (decrease) from net deferred origination fees (911) (413) (852) (1,032) Amortization of net deferred origination fees 867 1,474 2,475 4,005 Provision for credit losses (60,561) (6,161) (136,045) (52,277) Balance at end of period $ 2,352,744 $ 2,966,088 $ 2,352,744 $ 2,966,088 During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company funded $34.9 million of prior commitments and upsizings. Additionally, the Company received $67.7 million of full loan repayments, paydowns and amortization of $29.2 million, for total loan repayments, paydowns and amortization of $96.9 million. Allowance for Credit Losses The following table presents the changes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023 in the allowance for credit losses on loans held-for-investment: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, (in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Balance at beginning of period $ 210,145 $ 128,451 $ 134,661 $ 82,335 Provision for (benefit from) credit losses 60,561 6,161 136,045 52,277 Write-off (6,566) (4,200) (6,566) (4,200) Balance at end of period $ 264,140 $ 130,412 $ 264,140 $ 130,412 During the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recorded a net increase of $54.0 million in its allowance for credit losses on loans held-for-investment. The increase was primarily due to: (i) $39.7 million related to loans that were individually assessed primarily driven by updated estimates of the fair value of the underlying collateral securing certain of these loans, and (ii) $14.3 million due to the ongoing challenges in the commercial real estate market and expectations for further pressure on property values and other loan specific assumptions employed in estimating the general Current Expected Credit Loss, or CECL, reserve. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recorded a net increase of $129.5 million in its allowance for credit losses on loans held-for-investment. The increase was primarily due to: (i) $103.6 million related to eleven loans that were assessed individually and based on the estimates of the fair value of each loan’s underlying collateral, and (ii) $25.9 million due to the ongoing challenges in the commercial real estate market and expectations for further pressure on property values, and other loan specific assumptions employed in estimating the general CECL reserve. As of June 30, 2024, the Company recognized $2.7 million in other liabilities related to the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments, resulting in a total allowance for credit losses of $266.9 million, and recorded a provision for credit losses of $(0.2) million and $(0.3) million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, partially offset by a decrease in unfunded commitments, resulting in a total provision for credit losses of $(60.8) million and $(136.3) million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had ten collateral-dependent loans with an aggregate principal balance of $545.2 million, for which the Company recorded an allowance for credit losses of $195.0 million. These loans were individually assessed in accordance with the CECL framework and the allowance for credit losses was determined based on the estimates of the collateral properties’ fair value. The performance of the collateral properties securing these loans, which include four office buildings, four mixed-use properties with an office component, one hotel and one multifamily asset, has been impacted by an uncertain commercial real estate market and macroeconomic outlook, which includes weakening in credit fundamentals, capital markets volatility and significantly reduced real estate transaction activity, especially for certain property types, such as office assets located in underperforming markets, and a meaningfully higher cost of capital driven by high interest rates. These macroeconomic and market factors have resulted in the slowing of business plan execution and reduced market liquidity, thereby impacting the borrowers’ ability to either sell or refinance their properties to repay the Company’s loans. See Note 9 - Fair Value, for further detail on the fair value measurement of these loans. Additionally, as of June 30, 2024, the Company had one collateral-dependent loan with an aggregate principal balance of $70.5 million secured by an office property, for which the Company recorded no allowance for credit losses as the collateral’s estimated fair value exceeded the loan balance. See Note 9 - Fair Value, Nonaccrual Loans The following table presents the carrying value of loans held-for-investment on nonaccrual status for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, (in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Nonaccrual loan carrying value at beginning of period $ 517,507 $ 207,234 $ 343,683 $ 207,958 Addition of nonaccrual loan carrying value 16,831 — 195,358 23,270 Reduction of nonaccrual loan carrying value (81,541) (23,971) (86,244) (47,965) Nonaccrual loan carrying value at end of period $ 452,797 $ 183,263 $ 452,797 $ 183,263 As of June 30, 2024, the Company had twelve senior loans with a total unpaid principal balance of $665.3 million and carrying value of $452.8 million that were held on nonaccrual status, compared to four senior loans with a total unpaid principal balance of $245.6 million and carrying value of $183.3 million that were held on nonaccrual status as of June 30, 2023. All other loans were considered current with respect to principal and interest payments due as of June 30, 2024, and June 30, 2023. Loan Modifications As part of its asset and portfolio management strategy, the Company may amend or modify a loan depending on the loan’s specific facts and circumstances. These loan modifications typically include additional time for the borrower to refinance or sell the collateral property, adjustment or waiver of performance tests that are prerequisite to the extension of a loan’s maturity, and/or deferral of scheduled principal payments. In exchange for a modification, the Company may receive a partial repayment of principal, a short-term accrual of capitalized interest for a portion of interest due, a cash infusion to replenish interest or capital improvement reserves, termination of all or a portion of the remaining unfunded loan commitment, additional call protection, and/or an increase in the loan coupon or fees, among other items. During the twelve months ended June 30, 2024, the Company entered into two loan modifications that met the disclosure requirements pursuant to ASC 326. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Company completed the modification of a first mortgage loan secured by a design building property located in New York, NY, with an outstanding principal balance of $37.5 million as of March 31, 2024. The terms of the modification included, among others, a restructuring of the $37.5 million loan into (i) a $33.3 million senior loan, with $3.0 million in unfunded commitments, and (ii) a $4.2 million mezzanine note; a $2.6 million capital infusion from the sponsor to further support the collateral property; a change to the restructured senior loan’s coupon to S+3.00%, which was reduced from S+4.65%; an increase in the exit fee from 0.25% to 5.70% of the loan amount, and an extension of term to a maturity date of June 9, 2027. The mezzanine note is non-interest bearing and is subject to a distribution waterfall and is subordinate to certain amounts of sponsor’s equity, as defined in the loan agreement. As of June 30, 2024, the mezzanine note was deemed uncollectible, resulting in a write-off of $(4.2) million. During the twelve months ended June 30, 2024, the Company completed the modification of a first mortgage loan secured by a multifamily student housing property in Louisville, KY. As of June 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the loan had a principal balance of $49.6 million and $48.5 million and an amortized cost of $49.4 million and $48.3 million, respectively. The terms of the modification included, among other things, a 12-month extension of the fully-extended maturity date to November 9, 2024, the full deferral of debt service payments with interest capitalized and compounding, the deferral of the extension fee and the Company’s agreement to pay for approved expenses, in its sole discretion. Due to the uncertainty with respect to the collection of future interest accruals, the loan was placed on nonaccrual status as of November 9, 2023. Loan Risk Ratings The Company’s primary credit quality indicators are its risk ratings. The Company evaluates the credit quality of each loan at least quarterly by assessing the risk factors of each loan and assigning a risk rating based on a variety of factors. Risk factors that are considered in the assessment include, but are not limited to, property type, geographic and local market dynamics, physical condition, leasing and tenant profile, projected cash flow, collateral performance, loan structure and exit plan, origination loan-to-value, or LTV, project sponsorship and other factors deemed necessary. The Company evaluates these factors with respect to each loan investment on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration such loan’s facts and circumstances at the time. The risk factors may be given different weightings and consideration depending on each loan’s situation. Loans are rated “1” (less risk) through “5” (greater risk), which ratings are defined as follows: 1 – Lower Risk 2 – Average Risk 3 – Acceptable Risk 4 – Higher Risk: A loan that has exhibited material deterioration in cash flows and/or other credit factors, which, if negative trends continue, could be indicative of probability of principal loss. 5 – Loss Likely: A loan that has a significantly increased probability of principal loss. The following table presents the number of loans, unpaid principal balance and carrying value by risk rating for loans held-for-investment as of June 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023: (dollars in thousands) June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Risk Rating Number of Loans Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying Value Number of Loans Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying Value 1 6 $ 124,753 $ 123,839 4 $ 71,597 $ 71,211 2 27 1,002,379 986,494 36 1,277,491 1,262,126 3 20 762,447 735,194 24 862,102 842,175 4 5 189,130 157,621 4 192,104 174,313 5 10 545,175 349,596 5 323,885 234,000 Total 68 $ 2,623,884 $ 2,352,744 73 $ 2,727,179 $ 2,583,825 As of June 30, 2024, the weighted average risk rating of the Company’s loan portfolio was 3.0, versus 2.8 as of December 31, 2023, and unchanged versus March 31, 2024, weighted by unpaid principal balance. The change in portfolio risk rating as of June 30, 2024, versus December 31, 2023, is mainly a result of select loan risk rating downgrades, partially offset by certain rating upgrades. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, as part of its quarterly risk rating process, the Company downgraded one senior loan with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $20.1 million and secured by an office property to a risk rating of “5”. This loan was downgraded due to a missed interest payment and the borrower’s unwillingness to make further capital commitments to support the collateral property resulting from the challenging office leasing environment including local market fundamentals, uncertain and volatile capital market conditions resulting in limited liquidity for real estate transactions, further pressure on property values and other factors related to property specific operating performance. The loan is considered collateral dependent and has been placed on nonaccrual status as of June 30, 2024. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Company resolved an $11.6 million senior loan secured by a multifamily property located in Milwaukee, WI. The loan had been considered collateral-dependent, had a risk rating of “5” and had previously been placed on nonaccrual status. In connection with the resolution, which involved a discounted loan payoff, the Company incurred a write-off of $(2.4) million. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Company transferred to real estate owned, or REO, a $35.7 million senior loan secured by an office property located in Maynard, MA. The loan had been considered collateral-dependent, had a risk rating of “4” and had previously been placed on nonaccrual status. The Company recorded the REO at the loan’s carrying value based on the estimated fair value of the collateral property at the time of acquisition. See Note 4 - Real Estate Owned, Net , for further detail. The following table presents the carrying value of loans held-for-investment as of June 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, by risk rating and year of origination: June 30, 2024 (dollars in thousands) Origination Year Risk Rating 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total 1 $ — $ — $ — $ 30,590 $ 21,596 $ 71,653 $ 123,839 2 — — 282,140 266,084 22,217 416,053 986,494 3 — 50,476 93,262 87,797 22,853 480,806 735,194 4 — — — 51,822 — 105,799 157,621 5 — — 11,921 31,860 — 305,815 349,596 Total $ — $ 50,476 $ 387,323 $ 468,153 $ 66,666 $ 1,380,126 $ 2,352,744 Gross write-offs $ — $ — $ (4,166) $ — $ — $ (2,400) $ (6,566) December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands) Origination Year Risk Rating 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total 1 $ — $ — $ — $ 21,744 $ 49,467 $ — $ 71,211 2 — 328,576 349,210 21,966 474,669 87,705 1,262,126 3 47,760 105,934 146,538 22,599 189,259 330,085 842,175 4 — — — — 25,807 148,506 174,313 5 — — — — 121,940 112,060 234,000 Total $ 47,760 $ 434,510 $ 495,748 $ 66,309 $ 861,142 $ 678,356 $ 2,583,825 Gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (33,324) $ (20,950) $ (54,274) |