Spark Networks SE (LOVLY) 10-K 31 Mar 23 2022 FY Annual report Financial data

Cover

Cover - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 22, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2022
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38252
Entity Registrant Name	Spark Networks SE
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	2M
Entity Address, Address Line One	Kohlfurter Straße 41/43
Entity Address, City or Town	Berlin
Entity Address, Country	DE
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	10999
Country Region	+49
City Area Code	30
Local Phone Number	868000
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 65.6
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		2,625,476
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Portions of the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A to be filed subsequently and delivered to shareholders in connection with the 2023 annual meeting of shareholders are incorporated herein by reference in response to Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. Such proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the Registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Central Index Key	0001705338
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
American Depository Share (ADS)
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	American Depository Shares each representing one-tenth of an ordinary share
Trading Symbol	LOV
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Ordinary Shares
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Ordinary shares, €1.00 nominal value per share*
Trading Symbol
Security Exchange Name

Audit Information

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Auditor Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	BDO USA, LLP
Auditor Location	New York, NY
Auditor Firm ID	243

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 11,438	$ 16,141
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $85 and $368, respectively	5,154	6,261
Prepaid expenses	3,514	3,201
Other current assets	1,557	1,085
Total current assets	21,663	26,688
Property and equipment, net	4,956	3,613
Goodwill	119,276	134,744
Intangible assets, net	13,299	29,369
Deferred tax assets	0	7,623
Other assets	5,183	7,764
Total assets	164,377	209,801
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	94,817	17,593
Accounts payable	6,487	11,474
Deferred revenue	28,085	36,973
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	24,247	27,042
Total current liabilities	153,636	93,082
Long-term debt, net of current portion	0	64,531
Deferred tax liabilities	409	1,077
Other liabilities	17,118	18,418
Total liabilities	171,163	177,108
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 9)
Shareholders' (Deficit) Equity:
Common stock, €1.00 nominal value; 3,992,078 shares authorized; 2,661,386 shares issued; 2,623,820 and 2,617,397 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	3,064	3,064
Treasury stock, at €1.00 nominal value; 37,566 and 43,989 shares as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	(42)	(48)
Additional paid-in capital	224,506	223,103
Accumulated deficit	(244,593)	(200,403)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	10,279	6,977
Total shareholders' (deficit) equity	(6,786)	32,693
Total liabilities and shareholders' (deficit) equity	$ 164,377	$ 209,801

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) shares
Current assets:
Accounts receivable, allowance | $	$ 85	$ 368
Shareholders' (Deficit) Equity:
Common Stock, shares authorized (in shares)	3,992,078	3,521,005
Common stock, issued (in shares)	2,661,386	2,661,386
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	2,623,820	2,617,397
Treasury stock (in shares)	37,566	43,989

Consolidated Statements of Oper

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 187,763	$ 216,905
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization	117,907	131,974
Other operating expenses	56,536	59,408
Depreciation and amortization	2,387	6,593
Impairment of goodwill, intangible assets, and capitalized software	30,269	52,950
Total operating costs and expenses	207,099	250,925
Operating loss	(19,336)	(34,020)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(16,432)	(13,453)
Loss on foreign currency transactions	(2,031)	(2,918)
Other income	601	634
Total other expense, net	(17,862)	(15,737)
Loss before income taxes	(37,198)	(49,757)
Income tax expense	(6,992)	(18,398)
Net loss	(44,190)	(68,155)
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	3,302	3,681
Comprehensive loss	$ (40,888)	$ (64,474)
Loss per share:
Basic loss per share (in USD per share)	$ (16.87)	$ (26.10)
Diluted loss per share (in USD per share)	$ (16.87)	$ (26.10)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	2,619,174	2,610,873
Diluted (in shares)	2,619,174	2,610,873

Consolidated Statements of Shar

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Treasury Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020		2,661,386
Beginning, treasury stock (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020			(55,697)
Beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 94,903	$ 3,064	$ (61)	$ 220,852	$ (132,248)	$ 3,296
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	2,725			2,725
Treasury stock issued during period, shares, equity-based plans (in shares)			11,708
Treasury stock issued during period, value, equity-based plans	(461)		$ 13	(474)
Net loss	(68,155)				(68,155)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	$ 3,681					3,681
End of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	2,617,397	2,661,386
End of period, treasury stock (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	(43,989)		(43,989)
End of period at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 32,693	$ 3,064	$ (48)	223,103	(200,403)	6,977
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	$ 1,536			1,536
Treasury stock issued during period, shares, equity-based plans (in shares)	(6,423)		6,423
Treasury stock issued during period, value, equity-based plans	$ (127)		$ 6	(133)
Net loss	(44,190)				(44,190)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	$ 3,302					3,302
End of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	2,623,820	2,661,386
End of period, treasury stock (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	(37,566)		(37,566)
End of period at Dec. 31, 2022	$ (6,786)	$ 3,064	$ (42)	$ 224,506	$ (244,593)	$ 10,279

Statement of Cash Flows

Statement of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
Net loss	$ (44,190)	$ (68,155)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	2,387	6,593
Impairment of goodwill, intangible assets, and capitalized software	30,269	52,950
Unrealized loss on foreign currency transactions	2,166	2,835
Stock-based compensation expense	1,536	2,725
Amortization of debt issuance costs and accretion of debt discounts	2,477	4,125
Loss on extinguishment of debt	3,964	0
Deferred tax expense	6,233	15,341
Provision for credit losses	318	458
Non-cash lease expense	2,183	1,971
Non-cash lease expense
Accounts receivable	622	(1,381)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(952)	547
Other assets	287	337
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities	(6,769)	(61)
Other liabilities	(2,407)	(1,877)
Deferred revenue	(7,695)	255
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(9,571)	16,663
Net cash used in investing activities
Capital expenditures	(2,502)	(1,086)
Net cash used in investing activities	(2,502)	(1,086)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Proceeds from debt, net of discount and issuance costs	97,750	0
Repayment of debt	(85,552)	(19,397)
Debt issuance costs paid to third parties	(3,531)	0
Payment of early extinguishment of debt charge	(893)	0
Payments directly related to debt	(250)	(523)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	7,524	(19,920)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(4,549)	(4,343)
Effects of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(161)	(495)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(4,710)	(4,838)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	16,279	21,117
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	11,569	16,279
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest including payment of early extinguishment of debt charges of $893 and $0, respectively	10,814	9,251
Cash paid for income taxes	3,029	114
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Property and equipment in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$ 169	$ 0

Statement of Cash Flows - (Pare

Statement of Cash Flows - (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]
Loss on extinguishment of debt	$ 893	$ 0

Basis of Presentation and Summa

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of Business Spark Networks SE (“Spark Networks” or the “Company”) is a leader in social dating platforms for meaningful relationships focusing on the 40+ age demographic and faith-based affiliations, including Zoosk, Inc. ("Zoosk"), EliteSingles, SilverSingles, Christian Mingle, Jdate and JSwipe, among others. The Company’s brands are tailored to quality dating with real users looking for love and companionship in a safe and comfortable environment. The Company is domiciled in Germany with significant corporate operations, including executive leadership, accounting and finance, located in the United States. Basis of Presentation and Consolidation The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP"). The financial statements assume the Company will continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Prior to January 1, 2023, the Company was an "emerging growth company", as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the "Securities Act" ), as modified by the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012, (the "JOBs Act" ), and took advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements. December 31, 2022, the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the Company’s initial public offering, was the Company's last day as an emerging growth company, and thereafter the Company is no longer exempt from the reporting requirements discussed above. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Significant estimates and assumptions are required in the determination of: deferred tax asset valuation allowances, unrecognized tax benefits, and annual impairment testing of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. The Company evaluates its estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis based on historical experience, expectations of future events and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances and revises them when necessary. Actual results may differ from the original or revised estimates. Change in Accounting Estimate During the quarter ended September 30, 2022, the Company analyzed its virtual currency deferred revenue balance to determine the likelihood of redemption based on the actual redemption rate. Virtual currency is paid for upfront and is recorded as deferred revenue until the currency is redeemed, at which point the Company recognizes the revenue. The Company's analysis showed a likelihood of redemption of its virtual currency after 12 months of purchase is remote. Based on this analysis, starting in September 2022, the Company recognized revenue on a quarterly basis for all virtual currency that is held for longer than 12 months. This change is considered a change in accounting estimate in accordance with ASC 250 “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections”. The effect of the change in estimate increased the Company's revenue by $2.5 million, decreased the net loss by $2.3 million, and decreased both the basic and diluted loss per share by $0.87 for 2022. Liquidity and Capital Resources Going Concern The Company's financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which contemplates the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of the date of the financial statements, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. Principal conditions and events leading to this conclusion are that the Company has generated losses from operations, continued decline in revenues, incurred impairment charges to its Zoosk goodwill and intangible assets, cash outflows from operations and has a working capital deficiency. Based on these conditions and events, we may not be able to comply with the covenants under the MGG Term Loan Agreement (see Note 8. Debt ) over the next 12 months, specifically related to the maximum leverage ratio covenant. The Company plans to alleviate these conditions and events by implementing additional cost reduction measures to reduce our operating expenses and optimize our net working capital and profit. On March 29, 2023, we entered into an Amendment and Forbearance Agreement with our lender, MGG Investment Group LP, due to not delivering financial statements accompanied by a report and an opinion that does not include any qualification, exception or explanatory paragraph expressing substantial doubt about the ability to continue as a going concern (“Event of Default”). Among other terms, this agreement contains terms that state during the forbearance period, defined as the date of the Agreement through the earlier of May 15, 2023 or upon the occurrence of a Termination Event (as defined in the Amendment and Forbearance Agreement), our lender agrees to forbear from exercising any of its remedies with respect to this Event of Default. Based on these facts and circumstances, we have reclassified the debt from long-term to current within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We have determined that our offshore earnings will be indefinitely reinvested outside of Germany. As a result, we have not recorded a deferred tax liability related to undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The Company will continue to evaluate its reinvestment policy on a quarterly basis and will adjust its deferred tax liability accordingly to the extent there is a change and adjustment is required. As of December 31, 2022, the amount of undistributed earnings was $18.5 million. Upon distribution of these earnings, we would be subject primarily to German income taxes and foreign withholding taxes. Assuming the indefinitely reinvested earnings were repatriated under the laws and rates applicable on December 31, 2022, the incremental taxes are estimated to be $1.2 million. Foreign Currency Exchange and Inflation Risks We operate our business in United States ("U.S.") and various markets outside the U.S., primarily in jurisdictions within the European Union ("EU"), and as a result, are exposed to foreign exchange risk for the Euro, U.S. dollar, British pound, Australian dollar and Canadian dollar. Financial statements of subsidiaries outside the U.S. are generally measured using the local currency as the functional currency. We translate revenue generated outside the U.S. (the "non-U.S. revenue") into U.S. dollar-denominated operating results and during periods of a strengthening U.S. dollar, such revenue will be reduced when translated into U.S. dollars. In addition, as foreign currency exchange rates fluctuate, the translation of the non-U.S. revenue into U.S. dollar-denominated operating results affects the period-over-period comparability of such results and can result in foreign currency exchange gains or losses. For the year ended December 31, 2022, 31.4% of our total revenue was non-U.S. revenue. The average U.S. dollar versus Euro exchange rate was 12.5% higher in year 2022 compared to prior year. The strengthening in U.S. dollar against other major currencies has partially resulted in the decreases in our total revenue for the current period. Historically, we have not hedged any foreign currency exposures. If the U.S. dollar continues strengthening against the Euro and other foreign currencies that our revenue is earned in, our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations will increase, and as a result, such fluctuations could adversely affect our future results of operations. Inflation has increased in 2022 and is expected to continue to increase for the near future. Inflationary factors, such as increases in customer acquisition costs, interest rates and overhead costs may adversely affect our operating results. Historically, we have been able to increase prices at a rate equal to or greater than that of inflation and we do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date. We may experience some effect in the future, especially if inflation rates continue to rise. Revenue Recognition The Company generates revenue primarily from users in the form of recurring subscriptions. The Company recognizes revenue through the following steps: (1) identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company enters into contracts with customers that include promises to provide subscription services with enhanced access to our dating platforms. Revenue is recognized when the promised services are provided to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Subscription revenue is presented net of refunds and credit card chargebacks. Sales and value-added-taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in revenue and are reflected as Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the balance sheet. Subscribers pay in advance, primarily by credit card or through mobile app stores. The Company records deferred revenue when cash payments are received in advance of satisfying its performance obligations. Enhanced access to dating platforms represents a series of distinct services as the Company continually provides enhanced access over the subscription term and represents a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time. Revenue is recognized using the straight-line method over the terms of the applicable subscription period, which primarily range from one to twelve months. The Company applies the practical expedient for contracts with duration of one year or less and therefore does not consider the effects of the time value of money. The Company evaluates whether it is appropriate to recognize revenue on a gross or net basis based upon its evaluation of whether the Company obtains control of the specified services. Whether the Company obtains control involve considering if it is primarily responsible for fulfillment of the promise and if it has latitude in establishing pricing and selecting suppliers, among other factors. Based on its evaluation of these factors, for revenue earned through certain mobile applications, including iOS and Android, the Company recognizes subscription revenue gross of the application processing fees primarily because the Company is the principal and has the contractual right to determine the price paid by the subscriber. The Company records the related application processing fees as cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, in the period incurred. As subscriptions terms do not exceed one year, the Company applies the practical expedient for the recognition of incremental costs of obtaining a contract, and expenses them as incurred. Revenue is also earned from virtual currency and advertising. Virtual currency may be redeemed by members and subscribers for certain premium features, delivery confirmation of messages, and virtual gifts. Virtual currency is paid upfront and is initially recorded as deferred revenue, and the Company records virtual currency revenue as it is redeemed. Effective September 30, 2022, the unredeemed virtual currency is now recognized into revenue when it is held for longer than 12 months. See Change in Accounting Estimate in this section for a detail discussion. Advertising revenues are derived primarily from sponsored links and display advertisements and is recognized when the ad is displayed, based on the number of clicks. For advertising revenue arrangements, we are the agent and recognize revenue on a net basis. Advertising and virtual currency revenues were each less than 4% of total revenues for all periods presented. Cost of Revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, consists primarily of direct marketing advertising expenses, compensation and other employee-related costs for personnel dedicated to maintaining the Company's data centers, data center expenses, credit card fees and mobile application processing fees. The Company incurs direct marketing advertising expenses in order to generate traffic to its websites and mobile applications. Direct marketing advertising expenses are directly attributable to the revenue the Company receives from its subscribers and consist of both online and offline marketing, particularly television and out-of-home advertising. Direct marketing advertising expenses are recognized as incurred and totaled $93.4 million and $105.8 million for 2022 and 2021, respectively. Foreign Exchange Financial statements of subsidiaries outside the United States are generally measured using the local currency as the functional currency. All assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the U.S. dollar using the exchange rate in effect at the reporting date. Revenue and expenses are translated using average exchange rates during the period. Foreign currency translation adjustments are reflected in shareholders' (deficit) equity as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). Transaction gains and losses including intercompany balances denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity involved are included in foreign exchange gain (loss) within other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Defined Contribution Plan The Company maintains a 401(k) savings plan covering all U.S. employees. Participating employees may contribute a portion of their salary into the saving plan, subject to certain limitations. The Company matches 100.0% of each employee's contributions, up to a maximum of 4.0% of the employee's eligible earnings. The Company's matching contribution expense in 2022 and 2021 totaled $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively. Stock-based Compensation Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is generally expensed over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period). The amount recognized as an expense is adjusted to reflect the number of awards for which the related service and non-market performance conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognized is based on the number of awards that meet the related service conditions at the vesting date. The Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis from the beginning of the service period. For awards with graded-vesting features, each vesting tranche is separately expensed over the related vesting period. The Company estimates the fair value of each stock option grant using the capped-call Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires management to make certain assumptions of future expectations based on historical and current data. The assumptions include the expected term of the stock option, expected volatility, dividend yield, and risk-free interest rate. The expected term represents the amount of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding, using the simplified method, as the Company's historical share option exercise experience does not provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term. The simplified method deems the term to be the average of the time-to-vesting and contractual life of the stock-based awards. Expected volatility is estimated based on a combination of implied market volatilities, historical volatility of our stock price and other factors. The Company’s dividend yield is based on forecasted expected payments, which are expected to be zero, and the risk-free rate is derived from the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. In a net settlement of an award, the Company does not receive payment of the exercise price from the employees but reduces the number of ADRs issued. In addition, the Company net settles for the purposes of payment of a grantee's minimum income tax obligation. ADRs issued pursuant to the exercise of the awards are issued from the Company's treasury shares. Income Taxes Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recorded with respect to temporary differences in the accounting treatment of items for financial reporting purposes and for income tax purposes. Where, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some amount of recorded deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is established for the amount that, in management’s judgment, is sufficient to reduce the deferred tax asset to an amount that is more-likely-than-not to be realized. The benefit of a tax position is recognized if it is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit to be recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement. Interest Expense Interest expense primarily includes interest for the Company's long-term debt obligations and the amortization of deferred issuance costs and original issue discounts on debt. Earnings per share Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period after adjusting for dilutive securities, such as awards under equity compensation plans. Dilutive potential common shares from equity awards are determined using the average share price for each period under the treasury stock method. In addition, proceeds from exercise of equity awards and the average amount of unrecognized compensation expense for equity awards are assumed to be used to repurchase shares. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, diluted loss per share excludes 1,455,490 and 988,180 potentially dilutive common shares, respectively, related to vested option awards, as their effect was anti-dilutive. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents include all bank balances and investments in money market funds representing overnight investments with a high degree of liquidity. We consider all highly liquid short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Due to the short-term maturity of such investments, the carrying amounts are a reasonable estimate of fair value. The restricted cash represents cash held as a security deposit for one of our office leases. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the total amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows: December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Cash and cash equivalents $ 11,438 $ 16,141 Restricted cash included in other current assets 131 138 Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as shown on the consolidated statements of cash flows $ 11,569 $ 16,279 Accounts Receivable, net Accounts receivable is primarily comprised of credit card payments for subscription fees, pending collection from the credit card processors. The Company recognizes current estimated credit losses for accounts receivable, net. The allowance for credit losses reflects the Company's current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred for an estimated amount of receivables that will not be collected. The Company considers various factors in establishing, monitoring, and adjusting its allowance for credit losses, including the historical losses. Historically, the Company has not experienced significant credit losses. The Company also monitors other risk factors and forward-looking information, such as country specific risks and default rates across bank cards in establishing and adjusting its allowance for credit losses. Accounts receivable are written off after all collection efforts have ceased. In the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized credit loss expense of $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, which is included as a component of other operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that can potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consists of cash and receivables from credit card processors. The Company reduces credit risk by placing its cash with major financial institutions with high credit ratings. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insures up to $250,000 per depositor at each financial institution. Users primarily purchase our services through the Company's mobile app and desktop stores. Payments made through these stores are processed by third-party payment providers. At December 31, 2022, three payment providers accounted for approximately 28%, 41%, and 13%, respectively, of our accounts receivables, net. The comparable amounts at December 31, 2021 were 46% and 35%, and 3% respectively. Receivables from payment processors settle relatively quickly, and the Company has not experienced historical losses. Management monitors the creditworthiness of payment processors closely. The Company also maintains allowances to reserve for potential refunds or chargebacks issued to users. These amounts are based on historical evidence. Segment Reporting Segments are reflective of how the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews operating results for the purpose of allocating resources and assessing performance. The Company considers a combination of factors when evaluating the composition of its operating segments, including the results regularly reviewed by the CODM, economic characteristics, services offered, classes of customers, distribution channels, geographic and regulatory environment considerations. The Company has two operating segments, Zoosk and Spark, which share similar economic and other qualitative characteristics, and are aggregated together as one reportable segment. Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets The Company's goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets resulted from business combinations in previous years. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but are subject to annual impairment testing. The Company assesses goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets may be impaired. Triggering events that may indicate impairment include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in customer demand or business climate or a significant decrease in expected cash flows. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate fair value of the consideration transferred in a business combination over the fair value of the asset acquired, net of liabilities assumed. The impairment tests for goodwill are conducted at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, for which discrete financial information is regularly reviewed by the segment manager. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had two reporting units. The fair value of the reporting units is determined using an income approach based on discounted cash flow ("DCF") model and a market approach based on appropriate valuation multiples observed for the reporting unit's guideline public companies. The fair value is estimated based upon a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and relies heavily on estimates and assumptions at a point in time. The DCF model incorporates a number of reporting unit specific market participant assumptions including future revenue growth rates and operating margins. The discount rates represent the weighted average cost of capital measuring the reporting unit's cost of debt and equity financing, which are weighted by the percentage of debt and percentage of equity in a company's target capital structure. The discount rates applied also include adjustments to reflect management's assessment of a market participant's view concerning other risks associated with the projected cash flows of the individual reporting units. We validate our estimates of fair value determined using the income approach by considering the implied control premium to determine if the estimated enterprise value is appropriate compared to external market indicators. In testing for goodwill impairment, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the Company determines that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then a quantitative assessment for impairment is required. The Company may elect not to perform the qualitative assessment for some or all reporting units. Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Indefinite-lived intangible asset consists of acquired trade names, which are expected to contribute to cash flows indefinitely. Similar to the goodwill impairment test, the Company may first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test. If the Company chooses to bypass the qualitative assessment, or if the qualitative assessment indicates that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is more-likely-than-not impaired, a quantitative impairment test must be performed. If the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the difference. The Company estimates the fair value using an income approach, specifically the relief-from-royalty method, based on the present value of future cash flows. Significant assumptions under the relief-from-royalty method include the royalty rate, projected sales and the discount rate applied to the estimated cash flows. Long-lived Assets Property and Equipment, net Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization begin at the time the asset is placed into service and are recognized using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives as follows: • Office and other equipment: 3 - 5 years • Leasehold improvements: the shorter of the lease term or 5 years Disposals are removed at cost less accumulated depreciation, and any gain or loss from disposition is reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Internal-Use Software Development Costs The Company capitalizes certain internal-use software development costs including external direct costs utilized in developing or obtaining the software and compensation for personnel directly associated with the development of the software. Capitalization of such costs begins when the preliminary project stage is complete and ceases when the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended purpose. Capitalized internal-use software costs less accumulated amortization are included in property and equipment, net within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Depreciation and amortization are recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the internal use software, which range from 3 to 6 years. Additions and improvements that increase the value or extend the life of an asset are capitalized. For property and equipment and internal-use software development costs, depreciation and amortization methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted if appropriate. Definite-lived Intangible Assets The Company's definite-lived intangible assets is primarily attributed to business combinations in previous years. Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated lives. The estimated lives of intangible assets for current and comparative periods are as follows: • Brands and trademarks: 10 years • Other intangible assets: 2 - 5 years Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets, which consist of right-of-use assets, property and equipment, and long-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. If the carrying value is deemed not to be recoverable, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the amount by which the carrying value of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value. Amortization of definite-lived intangible assets is computed on a straight-line basis. Leases The Company leases office space in multiple locations under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. Operating right-of-use assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represents the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease, both of which are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date, increased for any prepaid lease costs and reduced by any lease incentives. Leases with a lease term of 12 months or less at inception are not recorded within the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The lease payments are discounted at the Company's incremental borrowing rate as the implicit rate in the lease is not readily determinable for most of the Company's leases, which is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The Company elected to combine lease and non-lease components on all new or modified leases agreements, which are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. For contractual obligations related to the sublease of office space where the Company remains the primary obligor upon assignment of the lease and does not obtain a release from the lessor, the Company continues to recognize rent expense and operating lease assets and liabilities for the head lease on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. The related lease obligation to the lessor is presented separately from the sublease created by the lease assignment to the sublessee. The Company accounts for the head lease based on the original assessment at inception and determines if the sublease arrangement is either a sales-type, direct financing, or operating lease at inception. If the total remaining lease cost on the head lease for the term of the sublease is greater than the anticipated sublease income, the right-of-use asset is assessed for impairment. The Company's sublease is an operating lease and the Company recognizes sublease income on a straight-line basis over the sublease term. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is a market-based measurement that is dete

Revenue

Revenue	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue	Revenue For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, revenue was as follows: Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Subscription revenue $ 177,435 $ 208,796 Virtual currency revenue 7,333 4,885 Advertising revenue 2,995 3,224 Total Revenue $ 187,763 $ 216,905 Virtual currency revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 included $2.5 million of revenue that had been previously included in the Company's deferred revenue balance that was held for longer than 12 months due to changes in estimates starting on September 30, 2022. See Note 1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of change in accounting estimate. Revenue disaggregated by geography, based on where the revenue is generated, consists of the following: Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 United States $ 128,759 $ 141,973 Germany 1,084 1,468 Rest of world 57,920 73,464 Total Revenue $ 187,763 $ 216,905

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income Taxes Income Tax Expense For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded income tax expense of $7.0 million and $18.4 million, respectively, which reflects an effective tax rate of (18.8)% and (37.0)%, respectively. The Company's income tax expense in 2022 was primarily driven by change in the valuation allowance on German and U.S. Federal and State deferred tax assets, impairment of goodwill and the foreign tax rate differential. The Company's income tax expense in 2021 was primarily driven by U.S. Federal and state taxes, change in the valuation allowance on Federal and state deferred tax assets and German net operating losses and interest carryforwards, and non-deductible German share-based compensation arrangements. The components of the loss before income taxes are as follows: Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Germany $ (7,290) $ (5,852) Foreign (29,908) (43,905) Total $ (37,198) $ (49,757) The components of the income tax expense (benefit) are as follows: Years Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Current tax expense: Germany 721 2,260 Foreign 38 797 Total current tax expense $ 759 $ 3,057 Deferred tax expense (benefit): Germany 6,903 239 Foreign (670) 15,102 Total deferred tax expense $ 6,233 $ 15,341 Income tax expense $ 6,992 $ 18,398 The statutory income tax rate of the Company is determined by the tax rate of Spark Networks SE, consisting of the German corporate income tax of 15.8%, including the solidarity surcharge, as well as the trade tax of 14.4%. Reported income tax expense differed from the amounts computed by applying the combined German corporate and trade income tax rate of 30.2% in both 2022 and 2021 to loss before income taxes as a result of the following: Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Income tax (benefit) at statutory rate $ (11,225) $ (15,014) Foreign tax rate differential 2,090 10,538 Impairment of goodwill 4,657 4,575 Change in valuation allowance 11,478 16,659 Share-based payment arrangements 469 832 Unrecognized tax benefits (574) 255 Tax credits — 340 Other 97 213 Income tax expense $ 6,992 $ 18,398 Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities Significant components of deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows: Years Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Deferred tax assets: Property and equipment $ 129 $ 49 Intangible assets 337 401 Accrued employee compensation and benefits 133 26 Deferred revenue 284 737 Lease liabilities 941 1,289 Interest expense carryforwards 7,573 4,567 Other 1,455 1,753 Capitalized research & development costs 637 — Tax credit carryforwards 8,884 9,323 Tax loss carryforwards 35,625 38,018 Total deferred tax assets 55,998 56,163 Less: valuation allowance (50,628) (40,233) Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance 5,370 15,930 Deferred tax liabilities: Intangible assets (3,399) (7,013) Right-of-use assets (883) (1,006) Property and equipment (695) (356) Other (802) (1,009) Total deferred tax liabilities (5,779) (9,384) Net deferred tax assets $ (409) $ 6,546 At December 31, 2022, the Company had German and foreign net operating losses of approximately $109.2 million and $145.1 million, respectively. At December 31, 2021, the Company had German and foreign net operating losses of approximately $111.4 million and $155.0 million, respectively. The foreign net operating loss carryforward is made up of U.S. Federal and state and Israeli losses. The U.S. Federal net operating loss carryforward will expire beginning December 31, 2025 through December 31, 2037. The U.S. state net operating loss carryforward will expire beginning December 31, 2030 through December 31, 2040. The German and Israel net operating losses have an unlimited carryforward period. Of the total U.S. Federal net operating loss carryforward, $18.7 million will carry forward indefinitely. The U.S. Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") of 1986, as amended, imposes substantial restrictions on the utilization of carryforwards in the event of an “ownership change” of a corporation. Accordingly, a company’s ability to use net operating losses may be limited as prescribed under Internal Revenue Code Section 382 (“IRC Section 382”). Events which may cause limitations in the amount of the net operating losses that the Company may use in any one year include, but are not limited to, a cumulative ownership change of more than 50% over a three-year period. Due to the effects of historical equity issuances, the Company has determined that the future utilization of the Zoosk pre-acquisition portion of its net operating losses is limited annually pursuant to IRC Section 382 to $3.3 million. Furthermore, under current German tax laws, certain substantial changes in the Group’s ownership and business may further limit the amount of German net operating loss carryforwards, which could otherwise be utilized annually to offset future taxable income. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company has U.S. Federal and state tax credit carryforwards of approximately $13.1 million and $13.7 million, respectively, which primarily relate to Research and Development ("R&D") tax credits. These tax credits will expire beginning December 31, 2027 through December 31, 2039 for U.S. Federal purposes and December 31, 2023 through December 31, 2028 for U.S. state purposes. The U.S. state R&D tax credits of $6.4 million have an unlimited carryforward period. Periodically, the Company considers both positive and negative evidence related to the likelihood of realization of its deferred tax assets to determine, based on the weight of available evidence, whether it is more likely-than-not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of December 31, 2022, the Company's valuation allowance on its U.S. Federal and state deferred tax assets was $25.8 million primarily related to net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and $2.6 million related to Israel net deferred tax assets, primarily made up of cumulative loss carryforwards. As of December 31, 2021, the Company's valuation allowance on its U.S. Federal and state deferred tax assets was $23.8 million primarily related to net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards and $2.5 million related to Israel net deferred tax assets, primarily made up of cumulative loss carryforwards. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has a valuation allowance on all of its Federal, state, and Israel deferred tax assets with the exception of $0.4 million which could be offset against deferred tax payables. The Company has determined, after evaluating all positive and negative historical and prospective evidence, that it is more-likely-than-not that these U.S. assets will not be realized. The U.S. valuation allowance increased by $2.0 million during 2022 which was primarily due to establishing an additional valuation allowance on certain Federal deferred tax assets. The change was as a result of increases in U.S. deferred tax assets for which there existed uncertainty about our future ability to fully utilize the assets. In addition, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, management determined that a valuation allowance of $22.3 million and $13.9 million, respectively, was required for certain German deferred tax assets that are not more-likely-than-not to be realized due to the negative evidence which outweighed the positive evidence. The $8.4 million increase in the valuation allowance during 2022 is primarily due to the going concern opinion. The Company has determined that its offshore earnings will be indefinitely reinvested outside of Germany. As a result, the Company has not recorded a deferred tax liability related to undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The Company will continue to evaluate its reinvestment policy on a quarterly basis and will adjust its deferred tax liability accordingly to the extent there is a change and adjustment is required. As of December 31, 2022, the amount of undistributed earnings was $18.5 million. Upon distribution of these earnings, we would be subject primarily to German income taxes and foreign withholding taxes. Assuming the indefinitely reinvested earnings were repatriated under the laws and rates applicable at December 31, 2022, the incremental taxes are estimated to be $1.2 million. In assessing whether unrecognized tax benefits should be recognized in its financial statements, the Company first determines whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. In evaluating whether a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company presumes that the position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority that would have full knowledge of all relevant information. For tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company measures the amount of benefit recognized in the financial statements at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. For each reporting period, management applies a consistent methodology to measure unrecognized tax benefits, and all unrecognized tax benefits are reviewed periodically and adjusted as circumstances warrant. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows: Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Balance at the beginning of the year $ 4,731 $ 4,593 Increases for current year tax positions 276 242 Increases (decreases) for prior year tax positions — (104) Statute of limitation expirations (498) — Settlements with taxing authorities — — Balance at the end of the year $ 4,509 $ 4,731 As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company has $4.5 million and $4.7 million of unrecognized tax benefits, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company has recognized $0.8 million and $0.7 million of interest and penalties respectively. The Company recognized an increase to interest and penalties of $0.1 million. Of the $4.5 million of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2022, $0.4 million would impact the effective tax rate if recognized. The Company’s policy is to classify interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. The Company is subject to income taxes in Germany and multiple other foreign jurisdictions. The Company remains subject to examination in Germany for years beginning with the 2016 tax year. U.S. Federal income tax returns of the Company are subject to IRS examination for years beginning with the 2019 tax year. U.S. state income tax returns are subject to examination beginning with the 2018 tax year. The Company is subject to examination in Israel beginning with the 2018 tax year and in France beginning with the 2015 tax year. As a matter of course, the Company may be audited by Germany, U.S. Federal, U.S. state, Israel, France, the U.K. and other foreign jurisdictions within which it operates. From time to time, these audits result in proposed assessments. The Company was notified during 2020 that the Israeli tax authorities were auditing Spark Networks Ltd. for the tax years 2018-2019. There is minimal activity in the entity and, while we do not expect adverse findings, any potential finding would result in a reduction of the net operating loss carryforward which has a full valuation allowance against it. The Company was notified that the German tax authorities are auditing Spark SE for the tax years 2017-2018, as well as Spark GmbH for the tax years 2016-2018. In the fourth quarter of 2022 we received draft reports from the German tax authorities and we are not expecting any material assessment. Based on the current status of Germany, U.S. Federal, state, local and other foreign audits, the Company does not expect the amount of unrecognized tax benefits to significantly decrease in the next 12 months as a result of settlements of tax audits and/or the expiration of statutes of limitations. On August 16, 2022 the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the "IRA") was signed into law. This legislation includes significant changes relating to tax, climate change, energy and healthcare. Among other provisions, the IRA introduces a book minimum tax assessed on financial statement income of certain large corporations and an excise tax on share repurchases. The Company does not anticipate that these tax provisions will have a material impact on our results of operations or financial condition, when such provisions become effective.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment Property and equipment consists of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Office and other equipment $ 2,595 $ 2,526 Leasehold improvements 390 344 Internally developed software 5,722 3,633 Purchased software 1,031 1,108 Total 9,738 7,611 Less: Accumulated depreciation (4,782) (3,998) Property and equipment, net $ 4,956 $ 3,613 Depreciation expense was $1.1 million and $2.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The Company capitalized $2.3 million and $0.7 million of internally developed software costs for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The Company performed its annual review of internally developed software for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, and determined to abandon various software development projects that the Company concluded were no longer a current strategic fit based on new product initiatives and focus areas for the organization. For the year ended 2021, the Company wrote-off internally developed software with a cost of $8.4 million and accumulated depreciation of $2.6 million, and recognized an impairment charge of $5.8 million. The amount for 2022 was insignificant. Property and equipment, net disaggregated by geography, consists of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 United States $ 1,435 $ 742 Germany 3,521 2,871 Total property and equipment, net $ 4,956 $ 3,613

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill and Intangible Assets	Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill The Company completes its annual goodwill impairment test during the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if triggering events indicate a possible impairment in one or more of its reporting units. The fair value of the reporting units was determined using a combination of an income based approach based on a present value cash flow model and a market approach based on appropriate valuation multiples observed for the reporting unit's guideline public companies. For the fiscal year 2022, the Company identified impairment triggering events during the third and fourth quarters. During the third quarter of 2022, the Company lowered its financial expectations for the remainder of 2022 due to continued appreciation of the U.S. Dollar and a tougher economic environment causing a temporary slowdown in demand for our products. The slower increase in projected revenue, as well as the rising interest rate and the cost of capital constituted an interim triggering event during the third quarter of 2022. As a result, the Company performed an impairment analysis with regard to its goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets as of September 30, 2022. The goodwill impairment test concluded that the fair value of the Company's reporting units (Spark and Zoosk) exceeded their carrying amounts, and no goodwill impairment was recognized. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company further lowered its financial expectations due to the continued difficulty in the economic environment explained above. Interest rates and cost of capital continued to rise in the fourth quarter. This constituted a triggering event, and as a result the Company performed an impairment analysis as of December 31, 2022 with regard to its goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. The goodwill impairment test concluded that the fair value of the Spark reporting unit exceeded the carrying amounts, and no goodwill impairment was recognized. Goodwill assigned to the Spark reporting unit was $24.4 million. For the Zoosk reporting unit, the fair value did not exceed the carrying value, and the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $15.4 million. Impairment charges were recognized for indefinite-lived intangible assets related to the Zoosk trade name are further explained in the section below. During the second quarter of 2021, the Company lowered its financial expectations for the remainder of 2021 due to increased cyberattacks, delays in product initiatives and a more uncertain COVID-19 outlook. These factors constituted an interim triggering event as of the end of the Company's second quarter of 2021. The Company performed an impairment analysis with regard to its indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill, and recognized $21.8 million goodwill impairment charges for its Zoosk reporting unit. The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the periods indicated: (in thousands) Balance as of January 1, 2022 $ 134,744 Impairment charges (15,433) Impact of currency translation (35) Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 119,276 Balance as of January 1, 2021 $ 156,582 Impairment charges (21,786) Impact of currency translation (52) Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 134,744 The total accumulated impairment loss of the Company's goodwill as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $99.9 million and $84.5 million, respectively. Intangible Assets Intangible assets consists of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: December 31, 2022 (in thousands) Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period (Years) Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Impairment Charges Accumulated Amortization Currency Translation Impact on Carrying Amount Net Carrying Amount Indefinite-lived intangible assets: Brands and trademarks $ 63,800 $ (51,151) $ — $ — $ 12,649 Long-lived intangible assets: Brands and trademarks 3.8 86 — (58) (2) 26 Acquired technology 0.5 5,910 — (5,286) — 624 Customer relationships 0.0 10,780 — (10,780) — — Licenses and domains 0.0 205 — (204) (1) — Other 0.0 470 — (470) — — Total intangible assets 4.3 $ 81,251 $ (51,151) $ (16,798) $ (3) $ 13,299 December 31, 2021 (in thousands) Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period (Years) Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Impairment Charges Accumulated Amortization Currency Translation Impact on Carrying Amount Net Carrying Amount Indefinite-lived intangible assets: Brands and trademarks $ 63,800 $ (36,360) $ — $ — $ 27,440 Long-lived intangible assets: Brands and trademarks 0.1 86 — (50) — 36 Acquired technology 1.5 5,910 — (4,039) — 1,871 Customer relationships 0.0 10,780 — (10,780) — — Licenses and domains 0.0 205 — (183) — 22 Other 0.0 470 — (470) — — Total intangible assets 1.6 $ 81,251 $ (36,360) $ (15,522) $ — $ 29,369 During the third and fourth quarter of 2022, the Company recognized impairment charges of $11.8 million and $3.0 million, respectively, related to the Zoosk indefinite-lived trade name that resulted from the slower increase in projected revenue and higher weighted average cost of capital. The Company estimated the fair value using an income approach, specifically the relief-from-royalty method, based on the present value of future cash flows. The Company used a royalty rate of 3% and weighted average cost of capital of 23%-27.5% to estimate the fair value of Zoosk trade name. For the interim assessment for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, the Company recognized a Zoosk trade name impairment charge of $10.3 million. The royalty rate and weighted average cost of capital used to estimate the fair value of Zoosk trade name was 4% and 14.5%, respectively. As part of the Company's annual assessment during the quarter ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized an additional impairment charge of $15.1 million for Zoosk using a royalty rate of 4% and a discount rate of 21%. Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $1.3 million and $4.2 million, respectively. At December 31, 2022, amortization of long-lived intangible assets for each of the next five years is estimated to be as follows: (in thousands) Amortization Expense 2023 $ 632 2024 8 2025 8 2026 2 2027 —

Leases

Leases	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Leases	Leases The Company's lease portfolio includes lease arrangements for its offices. Such leases generally have remaining terms between 2 years and 3 years, and the Company does not have residual value guarantees associated with its leases. In December 2019, the Company entered into a sublease agreement for the office lease in San Francisco, which was acquired in connection with the Zoosk acquisition in July 2019, for the remaining period of the original lease term, which ends on September 30, 2024. In July 2021, the Company entered into an agreement to extend the office lease in Berlin until January 31, 2024. The following table summarizes the classification of operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: (in thousands) December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Assets Right-of-use assets $ 3,609 $ 5,911 Liabilities Short-term: Current lease liabilities $ 2,422 $ 2,325 Long-term: Non-current lease liabilities 1,416 3,887 Total lease liabilities $ 3,838 $ 6,212 Right-of-use assets are included in Other assets, and Current lease liabilities and Non-current lease liabilities are included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Other liabilities, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table summarizes the classification of lease expense in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021: Years Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Operating lease expense $ 2,382 $ 2,237 Short-term lease expense 174 138 Variable lease expense 255 46 Sublease income (1,956) (1,956) Total net lease expense $ 855 $ 465 The following table provides supplemental information related to the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021: Years Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Operating cash flow information: Cash paid for operating leases $ 2,441 $ 2,170 Cash received from sublease $ 1,794 $ 1,905 Non-cash activity: Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities recognized in lease modification $ — $ 1,626 The weighted average remaining term for our leases as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 was 1.6 years and 2.6 years, respectively. The weighted average discount rate for our leases as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 was 4.1% and 4.0%, respectively. At December 31, 2022, the future minimum lease payments under our operating lease liabilities are as follows: Year Ending December 31, (in thousands) 2023 $ 2,529 2024 1,438 Total lease payments 3,967 Less: Interest (129) Present value of lease liabilities $ 3,838

Accrued Expenses and Other Liab

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities	Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: (in thousands) December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Accrued advertising $ 6,257 $ 6,483 Accrued employee compensation and benefits 1,614 1,487 Accrued professional fees 944 835 Accrued service providers 1,501 1,806 Accrued value-added, sales, and other non-income-based taxes 9,078 8,837 Current portion of income tax payable 1,812 3,733 Current portion of lease liabilities 2,422 2,325 Other 619 1,536 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 24,247 $ 27,042 Other liabilities consist of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: (in thousands) December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Deferred payment to Zoosk's shareholders $ 12,716 $ 11,545 Lease liabilities, less current portion 1,416 3,887 Sublease security deposit 1,038 1,038 Other 1,948 1,948 Other liabilities $ 17,118 $ 18,418

Debt

Debt	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt	Debt MGG Term Loan Agreement On March 11, 2022, the Company entered into a Financing Agreement ( the "Financing Agreement" ) with Zoosk, Inc. and Spark Networks, Inc., the subsidiary guarantor party thereto, the lender party thereto, and MGG Investment Group LP ("MGG"), as administrative agent and collateral agent. The Financing Agreement provides for senior secured term loans with an aggregate principal amount of $100.0 million (collectively, the "Term Loan"). Substantially all of the Company's assets are pledged as collateral. Borrowings under the Term Loan initially accrued interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 7.5% per annum (subject to changes set forth in the Amendment (as defined below)). The proceeds were used to repay in full all amounts outstanding under the loan facilities with Blue Torch Finance LLC. The outstanding principal amounts will be repayable in quarterly payments of $1.25 million commencing with the quarter ending June 30, 2023 through March 31, 2025, and $2.50 million commencing with the quarter ending June 30, 2025 and thereafter. The Term Loan was issued at a discount of 2.0% of the aggregate principal amount of the $100.0 million. Transaction costs and overhead fees of $3.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively, were paid at closing. Through the effective interest rate method, the discount and overhead fees on the Term Loan are amortized to interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss through the maturity on March 11, 2027 ("Maturity Date"). In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Term Loan, within 5 days after the annual financial statements are required to be delivered to the lender, commencing with the delivery of the fiscal year 2022 audited financial statements, the Company is required to make a prepayment of the loan principal in an amount equal to a percentage of the excess cash flow of the most recently completed fiscal year. The Financing Agreement requires the following financial covenants to be maintained: (i) subject to changes set forth in the Amendment, quarterly leverage ratio no greater than 4.50 to 1.00 for the quarter ended June 30, 2022, 4.25 to 1.00 through June 30, 2023, 3.75 to 1.00 through June 30, 2024, 3.25 to 1.00 through June 30, 2025, 2.75 to 1.00 through June 30, 2026 and 2.25 to 1.00 through the maturity date of the loan; (ii) marketing efficiency ratio to be less than 1.36 to 1.00 for the quarter ended June 30, 2022 through the maturity date of the loan; and (iii) minimum liquidity of $5.0 million at any time. In addition, the Financing Agreement contains a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the Company and its subsidiaries' ability to: incur additional indebtedness, create liens, engage in mergers or consolidations, sell or transfer assets, pay dividends and distributions, make share repurchases, make certain acquisitions, engage in certain transactions with affiliates and change lines of business. On August 5, 2022, the Company entered into an amendment to the Financing Agreement, as amended and restated by that certain Amended and Restated Amendment No. 1 to the Financing Agreement dated as of August 19, 2022 (the "Amendment"). The Amendment revised certain financial covenants associated with the quarterly leverage ratio and requires the Company to maintain quarterly leverage ratio no greater than 6.50 to 1.00 through December 31, 2022, and 6.25 to 1.00 for the quarter ending March 31, 2023. The remaining quarterly leverage ratio did not change. The Amendment also requires the Company's minimum marketing spend for the twelve consecutive month period ending at the end of each fiscal quarter, commencing with the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2022, not to be less than $80.0 million. In connection with the Amendment, the Company paid a $0.3 million amendment fee during August 2022, which will be amortized as interest expense over the remaining life of the loan. Additionally, the Amendment amended the margin for the Term Loan interest to be set at the levels based on the period for which the leverage ratio is calculated. Specifically, from August 5, 2022 to June 30, 2023, the margin shall be 7.5% or 8.5% on reference rate or LIBOR rate, respectively, based on the leverage ratio greater than or equal to 4.25 to 1.00, or 7.0% or 8.0% on reference rate or LIBOR rate, respectively, based on the leverage ratio less than 4.25 to 1.00, and after June 30, 2023, the margin shall be 7.5% or 8.5% on reference rate or LIBOR rate, respectively, based on the leverage ratio greater than or equal to 3.75 to 1.00, or 7.0% or 8.0% on reference rate or LIBOR rate, respectively, based on the leverage ratio less than 3.75 to 1.00. The issuance of an opinion with an explanatory paragraph expressing substantial doubt about the ability of the Company and its Subsidiaries to continue as a going concern caused the Company to fail to comply with Section 7.01(a) under the Financing Agreement, which constitutes an Event of Default. See Note 1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further discussion. As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all other covenants. Termination of Blue Torch Term Loan Facility and Blue Torch Revolving Credit Facility During the quarter ended March 31, 2022, the Company used funds borrowed under the Financing Agreement to pay off the outstanding balance of the debt under the existing Blue Torch term loan facility (the "Blue Torch Term Loan Facility") with a principal amount of $85.6 million, and the amortized cost basis of $82.1 million as of December 31, 2021. The Company terminated the Blue Torch Loan Facility and recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $3.9 million, which is comprised of $3.0 million of unamortized debt issuance cost offset by the debt discount with the Blue Torch Term Loan Facility, and a prepayment penalty of $0.9 million. The loss on extinguishment of debt is included in the Interest expense on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. Additionally, the Company terminated the existing Blue Torch revolving credit facility (the "Blue Torch Revolving Credit Facility") and recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.1 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2022 for unamortized transaction costs and upfront fees related to the Blue Torch Revolving Credit Facility, which was included in Interest expense in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. There was no outstanding debt under the Blue Torch Revolving Credit Facility at the time of termination. Long-term Debt Maturities: The following tables shows the outstanding debt with maturities in years at December 31, 2022 and 2021 : Years Ended December 31, December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Borrowing under the Blue Torch Term Loan Facility $ — $ 85,552 MGG Term Loan: Due 2023 100,000 — Due 2024 — — Due 2025 — — Due 2026 — — Due 2027 — — Total $ 100,000 $ 85,552 Less: current portion of long-term debt (94,817) (17,593) Unamortized discount (1,927) (1,430) Unamortized debt issuance costs (3,256) (1,998) Total long-term debt, net $ — $ 64,531 Effective interest rate 12.6 % 11.8 %

Commitment and Contingencies

Commitment and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Commitments The following table summarizes the Company's future payments related to contractual obligations as of December 31, 2022: (in thousands) Less than one year $ 9,303 Between one and five years 12,825 More than five years 149 Total $ 22,277 The Company has non-cancellable contractual obligations consisting of contracts with cloud-based web service providers, technical and marketing service providers, as well a contractual obligation of $2.6 million related to estimated future interest to be paid on the deferred payment to Zoosk's shareholders. The Company does not have significant renewal or purchase options. Contingencies The Company is involved in lawsuits, claims and proceedings incident to the ordinary course of business and establishes reserves for specific legal matters when it determines that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable and the loss is reasonably estimable. Management has also identified certain other legal matters where the Company believes an unfavorable outcome is not probable and, therefore, no reserve is established. Any claims against the Company, whether meritorious or not, could result in costly litigation, require significant amounts of management's time and result in the diversion of significant operational resources. The results of these lawsuits, claims and proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty. However, the Company believes that the ultimate resolution of these current matters will not have a material adverse effect on its liquidity, results of operations or financial condition. Cybersecurity Matters On July 22, 2020, a putative class action was filed against the Company and Zoosk in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California by individuals claiming to be Zoosk users whose information was affected by the 2020 security incident disclosed by Zoosk. The complaint, as subsequently amended, asserts that by reason of the Zoosk security incident Spark and Zoosk violated the California Consumer Privacy Act ("CCPA"), the California Unfair Competition Law ("UCL"), and common-law obligations. Based on these assertions, the complaint seeks statutory damages, compensatory damages, punitive damages, attorneys' fees, and injunctive relief. On December 14, 2020, plaintiffs voluntarily withdrew their claim under the CCPA. On January 30, 2021, the district court granted in part, and denied in part, Zoosk's motion to dismiss the remainder of the complaint for failure to state a claim by dismissing the UCL claim, but allowing the common-law claim to go forward. The court held in abeyance the Company's motion to dismiss itself on jurisdictional grounds and for failure to state a claim. The court granted plaintiffs limited jurisdictional discovery as to the Company. Zoosk answered the portion of the complaint that asserts the one remaining common-law claim by denying its material allegations and asserting a number of affirmative defenses. The court stayed the case pending resolution of the jurisdictional discovery. On May 6, 2021, plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed the Company from the case and the stay was lifted. On July 28, 2021, plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint re-alleging the UCL claim on behalf of a subclass. The court granted Zoosk’s motion to dismiss that amended claim on October 5, 2021. On October 28, 2021, plaintiffs sought leave to file a third amended complaint that re-alleges a UCL claim. Following briefing and oral argument, the court granted plaintiffs’ motion for leave to file an amended complaint as to one theory of UCL liability and ordered plaintiffs either file the third amended complaint or seek leave to file a fourth amended complaint by February 17, 2022. Plaintiffs filed a third amended complaint, then sought leave to file a fourth amended complaint to substitute one of the two named plaintiffs. On March 31 2022, the court granted Zoosk’s motion to dismiss with prejudice one named plaintiff for failure to prosecute. The court also granted Plaintiffs’ motion to substitute the dismissed plaintiff with a new plaintiff but ordered Plaintiffs to reimburse Zoosk for reasonable costs and attorney fees incurred in connection with the dismissed named plaintiff. Fact discovery concluded on April 29, 2022 except as to discovery from the new named plaintiff, and the parties are engaged in expert discovery. The parties have submitted a proposed order to the court setting the deadline for plaintiffs’ motion for class certification on May 20, 2022 and trial in late 2022. On July 27, 2022, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California denied the plaintiff's move for class certification due to the valid class action waiver the plaintiff agreed to in Zoosk's Terms of Use (the "TOU"). The parties reached a confidential settlement agreement on September 6, 2022 and the plaintiffs dismissed the class action with prejudice on September 8, 2022. The settlement did not have any material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial position. Separately, a group of lawyers that is different from those who filed the putative class action described above filed 77 separate arbitration demands against Zoosk in the Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Services, Inc. ("JAMS") arbitration foru m . That same counsel subsequently filed three more substantially identical arbitration demands with JAMS and identified to Zoosk an additional 1,370 claimants on whose behalf such counsel threatened to file substantially identical demands with JAMS, for a total of 1,450 claimants represented by such counsel and identified to Zoosk. Zoosk has objected that neither JAMS nor any arbitrator appointed by JAMS has authority to arbitrate any of these claims or to rule on the issue of arbitrability. JAMS decided to commence arbitration proceedings in regard to one of the arbitration claims filed to date, but that claim wa s withdrawn in November 2021 as it was established that the claimant was not affected by the incident. On May 5, 2021, the same group of attorneys that filed the arbitration demands, described above, filed a petition to compel arbitration in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California on behalf of three other individuals claiming to be Zoosk users affected by the 2020 security incident. The attorneys then voluntarily dismissed the petition in its entirety on July 15, 2021. JAMS has initiated three further arbitration claims previously filed and intends to proceed with those arbitrations if requisite fees are paid. Zoosk has refused to pay the respondents’ share of the initiation fee for those arbitrations. On December 8, 2021, the same attorneys then filed a petition to compel arbitration in Orange County Superior Court in California on behalf of those three individuals. In response, Zoosk filed a motion to dismiss the California petition based on the forum selection clause in the Zoosk TOU that selects New York as the venue for any dispute. Zoosk's motion to dismiss was granted in April 2022. Zoosk has also filed a petition to stay arbitration in New York on the basis that the claimants breached the TOU when they filed their arbitration demands and Zoosk is therefore under no obligation to arbitrate, which petition remains pending. Claimants’ counsel and Zoosk have entered into an agreement under which all of the arbitrations filed with JAMS will be dismissed; the New York petition will be dismissed; the 177 claimants represented by claimants’ counsel and identified to Zoosk who according to Zoosk’s records were affected by the 2020 security incident will be offered a settlement under which they will release all their security-incident-related claims in exchange for an immaterial amount, and claimants’ counsel will withdraw from representing on any of their security-incident-related claims any of the claimants represented by claimants’ counsel and identified to Zoosk who does not receive and accept such settlement offer . Intellectual Property Trademarks are an important element in running online dating websites and mobile applications. Given the large number of markets and brands, the Company deals with claims against its trademarks from time to time in the ordinary course of business. The Company vigorously defends against each of the above legal proceedings. Hungarian Proceeding On May 18, 2022, the Hungarian Competition Authority (the “GVH”) initiated a proceeding against Spark Networks Services GmbH alleging unfair commercial practices concerning the Company’s Hungarian EliteSingles (in Hungarian: Elittárs) dating service. As a result of the proceeding, the GVH could determine that certain commercial practices were not compliant with Hungarian laws and may need to be changed. In addition, the GVH could impose fines. We expect the entire proceeding to take approximately 12-18 months. We have initiated commitment negotiations with the GVH but at this current stage, cannot predict the outcome of the proceeding. Accordingly, we cannot predict what the GVH may determine regarding the Company’s compliance with Hungarian laws o

Shareholders' Equity

Shareholders' Equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Equity [Abstract]
Shareholders' Equity	Shareholders' (Deficit) Equity At December 31, 2022, the Company’s issued ordinary no-par value registered shares ( auf den Namen lautende Stückaktien ) (“Ordinary Shares") totaled 2,661,386. Outstanding Ordinary Shares totaled 2,623,820 after deducting 37,566 in treasury shares held by the Company. In accordance with the Company’s American Depository Share (ADS) Program, each ADS represents one-tenth of an ordinary share. Accordingly, issued and outstanding ADSs as of December 31, 2022 totaled 26,238,200. Treasury shares The Company accounts for treasury shares using the nominal value method. Under the nominal value method, whereby the nominal value of the shares is deducted from common stock. The excess of the cost of shares acquired over the nominal value is allocated to additional paid-in capital. Under local law, treasury shares are not entitled to shareholder rights, in particular, to dividends and voting rights. In 2021, the Company closed the Chardonnay Trust, which held shares of Spark Networks SE ADSs to satisfy, as necessary, the obligations under all unexercised Spark stock options awarded under the Spark 2007 Plan. Shares held in the Chardonnay Trust were transferred to an account registered under Spark Networks SE. The shares underlying the ADSs are classified as treasury shares at their nominal value per share of €1.00. During 2022, 6,423 treasury shares were issued to satisfy option exercises under the Company's 2020 Long Term Incentive Plan (the "LTIP"). Authorized Capital 2022 At the 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Company held on August 31, 2022, the Company’s shareholders approved an amendment to the Company’s Articles of Association to: (a) cancel an authorized capital in the original amount of EUR 640,000 (the "Authorized Capital 2017") that could be utilized by the Company’s Administrative Board until October 31, 2022 on one or several occasions to increase the Company’s share capital against contributions in cash and/or in kind, and (b) create a new authorized capital in the amount of EUR 1,064,554 (the “Authorized Capital 2022”) that can be utilized by the Administrative Board until August 29, 2027 on one or several occasions to increase the Company’s share capital against contributions in cash and/or in kind (the “Amended Articles of Association”). The Amended Articles of Association became effective on September 14, 2022 upon registration with the commercial register (Handelsregister) of the local court (Amtsgericht) of Munich, Germany. An amount of EUR 593,481 was available under the Authorized Capital 2017 at the time of its cancellation.

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based Compensation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-based Compensation	Stock-based Compensation Stock-based compensation expense reflects share awards issued under the Spark Networks 2018 virtual stock option plan ("2018 VSOP") and the LTIP. 2018 VSOP In 2017, Spark Networks established the 2017 VSOP for selected executives and employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. In March 2018, the Company replaced the 2017 VSOP by establishing the 2018 VSOP for selected executives and employees of the Company and its subsidiaries if and to the extent that the plan participants under the 2017 VSOP have agreed to such replacement. All plan participants agreed to the replacement. Both plans, which were established following the merger between Affinitas GmbH ("Affinitas") and Spark, Inc. in 2017, replaced plans in effect under Affinitas prior to the merger. Under the 2018 VSOP, the Company granted participants a certain number of virtual stock options in exchange for options granted under the 2017 VSOP and/or a certain number of new virtual stock options. Awards issued under the 2018 VSOP have a contractual term of 85 months and vest over a period of four years from the grant date, whereby one fourth of each option award vests upon the first anniversary of the grant with the remaining options vesting in six-month installments. The 2017 VSOP options which were exchanged for the 2018 VSOP vest over a period of three years from the grant date, whereby one third of each option award vest on the first-year anniversary of the grant and the remaining options vesting in six month installments. The Company will not grant any additional awards under the 2018 VSOP. Vested awards under the 2018 VSOP may be settled for either equity shares or a cash amount equal to the market price of the Company's ADS minus the share price. The method of settlement is at the discretion of the Company. As a result, awards issued under the 2018 VSOP are treated as equity settled. The following table summarizes the activity for the Company's options under the 2018 VSOP: Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 310,031 $ 11.52 3.12 Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 310,031 $ 11.52 2.12 Options vested and exercisable as of December 31, 2022 309,406 $ 11.52 2.12 Number of Options Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Unvested as of December 31, 2021 2,810 $ 7.07 Vested (2,185) $ 6.99 Unvested as of December 31, 2022 625 $ 7.38 The total grant date fair value of options that vested during 2022 and 2021 was insignificant. As the options are subject to a graded vesting schedule, the grant date fair value of each tranche is expensed ratably over the related vesting period. Estimated forfeitures are revised if the number of options expected to vest differ from previous estimate, and if any differences between the actual and estimated forfeitures are accounted for in the period they occur. There was no unrecognized compensation expense related to awards granted under the 2018 VSOP at December 31, 2022. 2020 Long Term Incentive Plan In January 2020, the Administrative Board of the Company (the "Administrative Board") adopted the LTIP for applicable executives and employees of the Company and its subsidiaries as part of their remuneration for future services. The LTIP provides for the grant of virtual stock options, where each option represents the right to receive, upon exercise, a certain amount in cash determined based on the relevant ADS Stock Price of the option minus the strike price of such options; provided, however, that the Company may elect to settle options in ADSs or ordinary shares of the Company instead of cash. The LTIP provides that the strike price can be set at any amount determined by the Administrative Board, including zero. Under the LTIP, the "ADS Stock Price" is, as of the grant date, the average closing price of one ADS of Spark Networks trading on a U.S. stock exchange for the period of five trading days prior to such date. Spark Networks classifies awards under the LTIP as equity-settled. Options granted under the LTIP have a contractual term of 85 months and vest, subject to the employee's continued service to the Company, as follows: (i) 25% of the total number of options granted to a participant vest 12 months after the grant date of such option, and (ii) an additional 6.25% of such options shall vest at the end of each additional three-month period thereafter until the end of the 48th month after the relevant grant date. In connection with the adoption of the LTIP, the Administrative Board authorized the issuance of virtual options for up to 3.5 million ADSs, subject to limitations imposed by German law. As of December 31, 2022, 181,309 ADSs have been issued pursuant to previous exercises. The fair value of the virtual stock options and zero-priced options are measured using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The inputs used in the measurement of the fair values at the date of grant for the options issued during the year ended December 31, 2022 are summarized below: Virtual Stock Options Zero-Priced Options Long Call Short Call Long Call Short Call Option Option (Cap) Option Option (Cap) Stock price $1.16 - $3.19 $1.16 - $3.19 $1.16 - $3.19 $1.16 - $3.19 Strike price $1.07 - $3.37 $10.70 - $33.70 $— $50.00 Term (in years) 4.65 4.65 4.65 4.65 Volatility 65.0% - 70.0% 65.0% - 70.0% 65.0% - 70.0% 65.0% - 70.0% Dividend —% —% —% —% Risk-free rate 2.4% - 4.1% 2.4% - 4.1% 2.4% - 4.1% 2.4% - 4.1% The inputs used in the measurement of the fair values at the date of grant for the options issued during the year ended December 31, 2021 are summarized below: Virtual Stock Options Zero-Priced Options Long Call Short Call Long Call Short Call Option Option (Cap) Option Option (Cap) Stock price $3.21 - $5.42 $3.21 - $5.42 $3.21 - $5.42 $3.21 - $5.42 Strike price $3.13 - $5.34 $31.30 - $53.40 $— $50.00 Term (in years) 4.65 - 4.67 4.65 - 4.67 4.65 - 4.67 4.65 - 4.67 Volatility 62.7% - 64.0% 62.7% - 64.0% 62.7% - 64.0% 62.7% - 64.0% Dividend —% —% —% —% Risk-free rate 0.7% - 0.9% 0.7% - 0.9% 0.7% - 0.9% 0.7% - 0.9% The following table summarizes the activity for the Company's options under the 2020 LTIP during the year ended December 31, 2022: Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in years) Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 1,802,228 $ 4.71 5.62 $ 0.01 Granted 1,132,000 $ 2.78 Forfeited (778,230) $ 4.14 Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 2,155,998 $ 3.91 5.36 $ — Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2022 1,003,490 $ 4.77 4.38 $ — Number of Options Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Unvested as of December 31, 2021 1,190,967 $ 2.53 Granted 1,132,000 $ 1.07 Vested (392,229) $ 2.66 Forfeited (778,230) $ 2.22 Unvested as of December 31, 2022 1,152,508 $ 1.26 The following table summarizes the activity for the Company's zero priced options under the 2020 LTIP: Number of Options Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 584,068 Granted 570,500 Exercised (110,664) Forfeited (330,445) Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 713,459 Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2022 139,244 Number of Options Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Unvested as of December 31, 2021 514,370 $ 5.29 Granted 570,500 $ 2.46 Vested (180,210) $ 5.55 Forfeited (330,445) $ 4.73 Unvested as of December 31, 2022 574,215 $ 2.72 The total grant date fair value of options that vested during 2022 and 2021 related to awards granted under the 2020 LTIP was $2.0 million and $3.6 million, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2022 and 2021 was $0.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively. The total unrecognized compensation expense related to awards granted under the 2020 LTIP at December 31, 2022 was $1.9 million, which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.17 years. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized total stock-based compensation expense for all the plans of $1.5 million and $2.7 million, respectively, which is included as a component of Other operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Financial Instruments and Fair

Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements	Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements Financial Instruments The Company records long-term debt at carrying value less unamortized discount and unamortized fees as it is not required to be carried at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of long-term debt was determined using observable inputs (Level 2). The valuation considers the present value of expected future repayments, discounted using a market interest rate equal to the interest margin on the borrowings and variable interest rate. The following table presents the carrying values and the estimated fair values of long-term debt as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 (in thousands) Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value Long-term debt, including current portion $ 94,817 $ 93,511 $ 82,124 $ 96,089 The Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, deposits, accounts receivable, and accounts payable are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company does not have financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis Certain assets, such as goodwill and intangible assets, are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. For goodwill, the process involves using a market approach and income approach (using discounted estimated cash flows) to determine the fair value of each reporting unit on a stand-alone basis. That fair value is compared to the carrying value of the reporting unit, including its recorded goodwill. Impairment is considered to have occurred if the fair value of the reporting unit is lower than the carrying value of the reporting unit. For the indefinite lived intangible assets, the Company estimated the fair value using a relief-from-royalty method, which includes unobservable inputs, including projected revenues, royalty rates and weighted average cost of capital. Impairment is considered to have occurred if the fair value of the intangible asset is lower than its carrying value. The fair value measurements for goodwill and the indefinite lived intangible assets are considered Level 3 and these assets are recognized at fair value if they are deemed to be impaired. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $11.8 million for the Zoosk trade name. During the three months ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized a goodwill impairment charge of $15.4 million for the Zoosk reporting unit and an additional impairment charges of $3.0 million for the Zoosk trade name. During the three months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recognized a goodwill impairment charge of $21.8 million for the Zoosk reporting unit and a Zoosk trade name impairment charge of $10.3 million. During the three months ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized an additional impairment charge of $15.1 million for the Zoosk trade name. See Note 5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets for further discussion of the impairment.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events Except as discussed elsewhere in the notes to our consolidated financial statements, there have been no subsequent events other than those described below. On March 10, 2023, Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) was closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, which appointed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) as receiver. At the time of closing, the Company maintained approximately $4.9 million of its cash in deposit accounts with SVB and held sufficient cash at other institutions to manage its operational needs. The Company withdrew the vast majority of its funds on deposit with SVB with an insignificant amount of funds remaining to settle certain fees. SVB’s closure and receivership under the FDIC is not expected to have a material impact to the Company's operations. On March 20, 2023, Michael McConnell resigned effective immediately as a director of the Board of Directors of the Company. The resignation was not the result of any disagreement between the Company and Mr. McConnell on any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices.

Basis of Presentation and Sum_2

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation	Basis of Presentation and Consolidation The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP"). The financial statements assume the Company will continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Prior to January 1, 2023, the Company was an "emerging growth company", as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the "Securities Act" ), as modified by the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012, (the "JOBs Act" ), and took advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements. December 31, 2022, the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the Company’s initial public offering, was the Company's last day as an emerging growth company, and thereafter the Company is no longer exempt from the reporting requirements discussed above.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Significant estimates and assumptions are required in the determination of: deferred tax asset valuation allowances, unrecognized tax benefits, and annual impairment testing of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. The Company evaluates its estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis based on historical experience, expectations of future events and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances and revises them when necessary. Actual results may differ from the original or revised estimates. Change in Accounting Estimate During the quarter ended September 30, 2022, the Company analyzed its virtual currency deferred revenue balance to determine the likelihood of redemption based on the actual redemption rate. Virtual currency is paid for upfront and is recorded as deferred revenue until the currency is redeemed, at which point the Company recognizes the revenue. The Company's analysis showed a likelihood of redemption of its virtual currency after 12 months of purchase is remote. Based on this analysis, starting in September 2022, the Company recognized revenue on a quarterly basis for all virtual currency that is held for longer than 12 months. This change is considered a change in accounting estimate in accordance with ASC 250 “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections”. The effect of the change in estimate increased the Company's revenue by $2.5 million, decreased the net loss by $2.3 million, and decreased both the basic and diluted loss per share by $0.87 for 2022.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition The Company generates revenue primarily from users in the form of recurring subscriptions. The Company recognizes revenue through the following steps: (1) identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company enters into contracts with customers that include promises to provide subscription services with enhanced access to our dating platforms. Revenue is recognized when the promised services are provided to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Subscription revenue is presented net of refunds and credit card chargebacks. Sales and value-added-taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in revenue and are reflected as Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the balance sheet. Subscribers pay in advance, primarily by credit card or through mobile app stores. The Company records deferred revenue when cash payments are received in advance of satisfying its performance obligations. Enhanced access to dating platforms represents a series of distinct services as the Company continually provides enhanced access over the subscription term and represents a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time. Revenue is recognized using the straight-line method over the terms of the applicable subscription period, which primarily range from one to twelve months. The Company applies the practical expedient for contracts with duration of one year or less and therefore does not consider the effects of the time value of money. The Company evaluates whether it is appropriate to recognize revenue on a gross or net basis based upon its evaluation of whether the Company obtains control of the specified services. Whether the Company obtains control involve considering if it is primarily responsible for fulfillment of the promise and if it has latitude in establishing pricing and selecting suppliers, among other factors. Based on its evaluation of these factors, for revenue earned through certain mobile applications, including iOS and Android, the Company recognizes subscription revenue gross of the application processing fees primarily because the Company is the principal and has the contractual right to determine the price paid by the subscriber. The Company records the related application processing fees as cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, in the period incurred. As subscriptions terms do not exceed one year, the Company applies the practical expedient for the recognition of incremental costs of obtaining a contract, and expenses them as incurred. Revenue is also earned from virtual currency and advertising. Virtual currency may be redeemed by members and subscribers for certain premium features, delivery confirmation of messages, and virtual gifts. Virtual currency is paid upfront and is initially recorded as deferred revenue, and the Company records virtual currency revenue as it is redeemed. Effective September 30, 2022, the unredeemed virtual currency is now recognized into revenue when it is held for longer than 12 months. See Change in Accounting Estimate
Foreign Exchange	Foreign Exchange Financial statements of subsidiaries outside the United States are generally measured using the local currency as the functional currency. All assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the U.S. dollar using the exchange rate in effect at the reporting date. Revenue and expenses are translated using average exchange rates during the period. Foreign currency translation adjustments are reflected in shareholders' (deficit) equity as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). Transaction gains and losses including intercompany balances denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity involved are included in foreign exchange gain (loss) within other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
Stock-based Compensation	Stock-based Compensation Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is generally expensed over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period). The amount recognized as an expense is adjusted to reflect the number of awards for which the related service and non-market performance conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognized is based on the number of awards that meet the related service conditions at the vesting date. The Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis from the beginning of the service period. For awards with graded-vesting features, each vesting tranche is separately expensed over the related vesting period. The Company estimates the fair value of each stock option grant using the capped-call Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires management to make certain assumptions of future expectations based on historical and current data. The assumptions include the expected term of the stock option, expected volatility, dividend yield, and risk-free interest rate. The expected term represents the amount of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding, using the simplified method, as the Company's historical share option exercise experience does not provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term. The simplified method deems the term to be the average of the time-to-vesting and contractual life of the stock-based awards. Expected volatility is estimated based on a combination of implied market volatilities, historical volatility of our stock price and other factors. The Company’s dividend yield is based on forecasted expected payments, which are expected to be zero, and the risk-free rate is derived from the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. In a net settlement of an award, the Company does not receive payment of the exercise price from the employees but reduces the number of ADRs issued. In addition, the Company net settles for the purposes of payment of a grantee's minimum income tax obligation. ADRs issued pursuant to the exercise of the awards are issued from the Company's treasury shares.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recorded with respect to temporary differences in the accounting treatment of items for financial reporting purposes and for income tax purposes. Where, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some amount of recorded deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is established for the amount that, in management’s judgment, is sufficient to reduce the deferred tax asset to an amount that is more-likely-than-not to be realized. The benefit of a tax position is recognized if it is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit to be recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement.
Interest Expense	Interest Expense Interest expense primarily includes interest for the Company's long-term debt obligations and the amortization of deferred issuance costs and original issue discounts on debt.
Earnings per share	Earnings per shareBasic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period after adjusting for dilutive securities, such as awards under equity compensation plans. Dilutive potential common shares from equity awards are determined using the average share price for each period under the treasury stock method. In addition, proceeds from exercise of equity awards and the average amount of unrecognized compensation expense for equity awards are assumed to be used to repurchase shares.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents include all bank balances and investments in money market funds representing overnight investments with a high degree of liquidity. We consider all highly liquid short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Due to the short-term maturity of such investments, the carrying amounts are a reasonable estimate of fair value. The restricted cash represents cash held as a security deposit for one of our office leases.
Accounts Receivable, net	Accounts Receivable, net Accounts receivable is primarily comprised of credit card payments for subscription fees, pending collection from the credit card processors. The Company recognizes current estimated credit losses for accounts receivable, net. The allowance for credit losses reflects the Company's current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred for an estimated amount of receivables that will not be collected. The Company considers various factors in establishing, monitoring, and adjusting its allowance for credit losses, including the historical losses. Historically, the Company has not experienced significant credit losses. The Company also monitors other risk factors and forward-looking information, such as country specific risks and default rates across bank cards in establishing and adjusting its allowance for credit losses. Accounts receivable are written off after all collection efforts have ceased. In the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized credit loss expense of $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, which is included as a component of other operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
Concentration of Credit Risk	Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that can potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consists of cash and receivables from credit card processors. The Company reduces credit risk by placing its cash with major financial institutions with high credit ratings. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insures up to $250,000 per depositor at each financial institution.
Segment Reporting	Segment Reporting Segments are reflective of how the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews operating results for the purpose of allocating resources and assessing performance. The Company considers a combination of factors when evaluating the composition of its operating segments, including the results regularly reviewed by the CODM, economic characteristics, services offered, classes of customers, distribution channels, geographic and regulatory environment considerations. The Company has two operating segments, Zoosk and Spark, which share similar economic and other qualitative characteristics, and are aggregated together as one reportable segment.
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets and Long-Lived Assets	Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets The Company's goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets resulted from business combinations in previous years. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but are subject to annual impairment testing. The Company assesses goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets may be impaired. Triggering events that may indicate impairment include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in customer demand or business climate or a significant decrease in expected cash flows. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate fair value of the consideration transferred in a business combination over the fair value of the asset acquired, net of liabilities assumed. The impairment tests for goodwill are conducted at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, for which discrete financial information is regularly reviewed by the segment manager. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had two reporting units. The fair value of the reporting units is determined using an income approach based on discounted cash flow ("DCF") model and a market approach based on appropriate valuation multiples observed for the reporting unit's guideline public companies. The fair value is estimated based upon a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and relies heavily on estimates and assumptions at a point in time. The DCF model incorporates a number of reporting unit specific market participant assumptions including future revenue growth rates and operating margins. The discount rates represent the weighted average cost of capital measuring the reporting unit's cost of debt and equity financing, which are weighted by the percentage of debt and percentage of equity in a company's target capital structure. The discount rates applied also include adjustments to reflect management's assessment of a market participant's view concerning other risks associated with the projected cash flows of the individual reporting units. We validate our estimates of fair value determined using the income approach by considering the implied control premium to determine if the estimated enterprise value is appropriate compared to external market indicators. In testing for goodwill impairment, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the Company determines that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then a quantitative assessment for impairment is required. The Company may elect not to perform the qualitative assessment for some or all reporting units. Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Indefinite-lived intangible asset consists of acquired trade names, which are expected to contribute to cash flows indefinitely. Similar to the goodwill impairment test, the Company may first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test. If the Company chooses to bypass the qualitative assessment, or if the qualitative assessment indicates that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is more-likely-than-not impaired, a quantitative impairment test must be performed. If the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the difference. The Company estimates the fair value using an income approach, specifically the relief-from-royalty method, based on the present value of future cash flows. Significant assumptions under the relief-from-royalty method include the royalty rate, projected sales and the discount rate applied to the estimated cash flows. Long-lived Assets Property and Equipment, net Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization begin at the time the asset is placed into service and are recognized using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives as follows: • Office and other equipment: 3 - 5 years • Leasehold improvements: the shorter of the lease term or 5 years Disposals are removed at cost less accumulated depreciation, and any gain or loss from disposition is reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Internal-Use Software Development Costs The Company capitalizes certain internal-use software development costs including external direct costs utilized in developing or obtaining the software and compensation for personnel directly associated with the development of the software. Capitalization of such costs begins when the preliminary project stage is complete and ceases when the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended purpose. Capitalized internal-use software costs less accumulated amortization are included in property and equipment, net within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Depreciation and amortization are recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the internal use software, which range from 3 to 6 years. Additions and improvements that increase the value or extend the life of an asset are capitalized. For property and equipment and internal-use software development costs, depreciation and amortization methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted if appropriate. Definite-lived Intangible Assets The Company's definite-lived intangible assets is primarily attributed to business combinations in previous years. Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated lives. The estimated lives of intangible assets for current and comparative periods are as follows: • Brands and trademarks: 10 years • Other intangible assets: 2 - 5 years Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Leases	Leases The Company leases office space in multiple locations under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. Operating right-of-use assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represents the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease, both of which are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date, increased for any prepaid lease costs and reduced by any lease incentives. Leases with a lease term of 12 months or less at inception are not recorded within the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The lease payments are discounted at the Company's incremental borrowing rate as the implicit rate in the lease is not readily determinable for most of the Company's leases, which is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The Company elected to combine lease and non-lease components on all new or modified leases agreements, which are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements Fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact and the market-based risk measurement or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and credit risk. The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement: • Level 1— Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. • Level 2— Other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace for similar assets or liabilities. • Level 3— Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity. The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.
Contingencies	Contingencies The Company accrues for contingencies when the obligation is probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. As facts concerning contingencies become known, the Company reassesses its position and makes appropriate adjustments to the consolidated financial statements. Significant judgment is required to determine both the probability and the estimated amount of loss. These estimates have been based on our assessment of the facts and circumstances at each balance sheet date and are subject to change based on new information and future events.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements	Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting and subsequent amendment to the initial guidance: ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope (collectively, “Topic 848”). Topic 848 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06 "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848" ("ASU 2022-06"), which defers the expiration of ASC 848 from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2024. The Company currently has a Term Loan that accrues interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus an applicable margin. The Term Loan agreement provides the Company an option to convert from LIBOR rate to an alternate r eference rate. We will monitor the LIBOR deadline and work with lender on the conversion to an alternative reference rate. It is not expected that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on our financial statements.

Basis of Presentation and Sum_3

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the total amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows: December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Cash and cash equivalents $ 11,438 $ 16,141 Restricted cash included in other current assets 131 138 Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as shown on the consolidated statements of cash flows $ 11,569 $ 16,279
Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the total amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows: December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Cash and cash equivalents $ 11,438 $ 16,141 Restricted cash included in other current assets 131 138 Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as shown on the consolidated statements of cash flows $ 11,569 $ 16,279

Revenue (Tables)

Revenue (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Disaggregation of Revenue	For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, revenue was as follows: Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Subscription revenue $ 177,435 $ 208,796 Virtual currency revenue 7,333 4,885 Advertising revenue 2,995 3,224 Total Revenue $ 187,763 $ 216,905
Revenue from External Customers by Geographic Areas	Revenue disaggregated by geography, based on where the revenue is generated, consists of the following: Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 United States $ 128,759 $ 141,973 Germany 1,084 1,468 Rest of world 57,920 73,464 Total Revenue $ 187,763 $ 216,905

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign	The components of the loss before income taxes are as follows: Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Germany $ (7,290) $ (5,852) Foreign (29,908) (43,905) Total $ (37,198) $ (49,757)
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	The components of the income tax expense (benefit) are as follows: Years Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Current tax expense: Germany 721 2,260 Foreign 38 797 Total current tax expense $ 759 $ 3,057 Deferred tax expense (benefit): Germany 6,903 239 Foreign (670) 15,102 Total deferred tax expense $ 6,233 $ 15,341 Income tax expense $ 6,992 $ 18,398
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation	Reported income tax expense differed from the amounts computed by applying the combined German corporate and trade income tax rate of 30.2% in both 2022 and 2021 to loss before income taxes as a result of the following: Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Income tax (benefit) at statutory rate $ (11,225) $ (15,014) Foreign tax rate differential 2,090 10,538 Impairment of goodwill 4,657 4,575 Change in valuation allowance 11,478 16,659 Share-based payment arrangements 469 832 Unrecognized tax benefits (574) 255 Tax credits — 340 Other 97 213 Income tax expense $ 6,992 $ 18,398
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities	Significant components of deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows: Years Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Deferred tax assets: Property and equipment $ 129 $ 49 Intangible assets 337 401 Accrued employee compensation and benefits 133 26 Deferred revenue 284 737 Lease liabilities 941 1,289 Interest expense carryforwards 7,573 4,567 Other 1,455 1,753 Capitalized research & development costs 637 — Tax credit carryforwards 8,884 9,323 Tax loss carryforwards 35,625 38,018 Total deferred tax assets 55,998 56,163 Less: valuation allowance (50,628) (40,233) Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance 5,370 15,930 Deferred tax liabilities: Intangible assets (3,399) (7,013) Right-of-use assets (883) (1,006) Property and equipment (695) (356) Other (802) (1,009) Total deferred tax liabilities (5,779) (9,384) Net deferred tax assets $ (409) $ 6,546
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward	A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows: Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Balance at the beginning of the year $ 4,731 $ 4,593 Increases for current year tax positions 276 242 Increases (decreases) for prior year tax positions — (104) Statute of limitation expirations (498) — Settlements with taxing authorities — — Balance at the end of the year $ 4,509 $ 4,731

Property and Equipment (Tables)

Property and Equipment (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and Equipment	Property and equipment consists of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Office and other equipment $ 2,595 $ 2,526 Leasehold improvements 390 344 Internally developed software 5,722 3,633 Purchased software 1,031 1,108 Total 9,738 7,611 Less: Accumulated depreciation (4,782) (3,998) Property and equipment, net $ 4,956 $ 3,613 Property and equipment, net disaggregated by geography, consists of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 United States $ 1,435 $ 742 Germany 3,521 2,871 Total property and equipment, net $ 4,956 $ 3,613

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Goodwill	The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the periods indicated: (in thousands) Balance as of January 1, 2022 $ 134,744 Impairment charges (15,433) Impact of currency translation (35) Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 119,276 Balance as of January 1, 2021 $ 156,582 Impairment charges (21,786) Impact of currency translation (52) Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 134,744
Schedule of Long-Lived Intangible Assets	Intangible assets consists of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: December 31, 2022 (in thousands) Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period (Years) Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Impairment Charges Accumulated Amortization Currency Translation Impact on Carrying Amount Net Carrying Amount Indefinite-lived intangible assets: Brands and trademarks $ 63,800 $ (51,151) $ — $ — $ 12,649 Long-lived intangible assets: Brands and trademarks 3.8 86 — (58) (2) 26 Acquired technology 0.5 5,910 — (5,286) — 624 Customer relationships 0.0 10,780 — (10,780) — — Licenses and domains 0.0 205 — (204) (1) — Other 0.0 470 — (470) — — Total intangible assets 4.3 $ 81,251 $ (51,151) $ (16,798) $ (3) $ 13,299 December 31, 2021 (in thousands) Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period (Years) Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Impairment Charges Accumulated Amortization Currency Translation Impact on Carrying Amount Net Carrying Amount Indefinite-lived intangible assets: Brands and trademarks $ 63,800 $ (36,360) $ — $ — $ 27,440 Long-lived intangible assets: Brands and trademarks 0.1 86 — (50) — 36 Acquired technology 1.5 5,910 — (4,039) — 1,871 Customer relationships 0.0 10,780 — (10,780) — — Licenses and domains 0.0 205 — (183) — 22 Other 0.0 470 — (470) — — Total intangible assets 1.6 $ 81,251 $ (36,360) $ (15,522) $ — $ 29,369
Schedule of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets	Intangible assets consists of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: December 31, 2022 (in thousands) Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period (Years) Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Impairment Charges Accumulated Amortization Currency Translation Impact on Carrying Amount Net Carrying Amount Indefinite-lived intangible assets: Brands and trademarks $ 63,800 $ (51,151) $ — $ — $ 12,649 Long-lived intangible assets: Brands and trademarks 3.8 86 — (58) (2) 26 Acquired technology 0.5 5,910 — (5,286) — 624 Customer relationships 0.0 10,780 — (10,780) — — Licenses and domains 0.0 205 — (204) (1) — Other 0.0 470 — (470) — — Total intangible assets 4.3 $ 81,251 $ (51,151) $ (16,798) $ (3) $ 13,299 December 31, 2021 (in thousands) Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period (Years) Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Impairment Charges Accumulated Amortization Currency Translation Impact on Carrying Amount Net Carrying Amount Indefinite-lived intangible assets: Brands and trademarks $ 63,800 $ (36,360) $ — $ — $ 27,440 Long-lived intangible assets: Brands and trademarks 0.1 86 — (50) — 36 Acquired technology 1.5 5,910 — (4,039) — 1,871 Customer relationships 0.0 10,780 — (10,780) — — Licenses and domains 0.0 205 — (183) — 22 Other 0.0 470 — (470) — — Total intangible assets 1.6 $ 81,251 $ (36,360) $ (15,522) $ — $ 29,369
Schedule of Long-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense	At December 31, 2022, amortization of long-lived intangible assets for each of the next five years is estimated to be as follows: (in thousands) Amortization Expense 2023 $ 632 2024 8 2025 8 2026 2 2027 —

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Schedule of Operating Lease Right-of-use Assets And Liabilities	The following table summarizes the classification of operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: (in thousands) December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Assets Right-of-use assets $ 3,609 $ 5,911 Liabilities Short-term: Current lease liabilities $ 2,422 $ 2,325 Long-term: Non-current lease liabilities 1,416 3,887 Total lease liabilities $ 3,838 $ 6,212
Schedule of Lease, Cost and Supplemental Cash Flow	The following table summarizes the classification of lease expense in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021: Years Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Operating lease expense $ 2,382 $ 2,237 Short-term lease expense 174 138 Variable lease expense 255 46 Sublease income (1,956) (1,956) Total net lease expense $ 855 $ 465 The following table provides supplemental information related to the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021: Years Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Operating cash flow information: Cash paid for operating leases $ 2,441 $ 2,170 Cash received from sublease $ 1,794 $ 1,905 Non-cash activity: Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities recognized in lease modification $ — $ 1,626
Schedule of Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity	At December 31, 2022, the future minimum lease payments under our operating lease liabilities are as follows: Year Ending December 31, (in thousands) 2023 $ 2,529 2024 1,438 Total lease payments 3,967 Less: Interest (129) Present value of lease liabilities $ 3,838

Accrued Expenses and Other Li_2

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: (in thousands) December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Accrued advertising $ 6,257 $ 6,483 Accrued employee compensation and benefits 1,614 1,487 Accrued professional fees 944 835 Accrued service providers 1,501 1,806 Accrued value-added, sales, and other non-income-based taxes 9,078 8,837 Current portion of income tax payable 1,812 3,733 Current portion of lease liabilities 2,422 2,325 Other 619 1,536 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 24,247 $ 27,042
Other Liabilities	Other liabilities consist of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: (in thousands) December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Deferred payment to Zoosk's shareholders $ 12,716 $ 11,545 Lease liabilities, less current portion 1,416 3,887 Sublease security deposit 1,038 1,038 Other 1,948 1,948 Other liabilities $ 17,118 $ 18,418

Debt (Tables)

Debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt	Long-term Debt Maturities: The following tables shows the outstanding debt with maturities in years at December 31, 2022 and 2021 : Years Ended December 31, December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Borrowing under the Blue Torch Term Loan Facility $ — $ 85,552 MGG Term Loan: Due 2023 100,000 — Due 2024 — — Due 2025 — — Due 2026 — — Due 2027 — — Total $ 100,000 $ 85,552 Less: current portion of long-term debt (94,817) (17,593) Unamortized discount (1,927) (1,430) Unamortized debt issuance costs (3,256) (1,998) Total long-term debt, net $ — $ 64,531 Effective interest rate 12.6 % 11.8 %

Commitment and Contingencies (T

Commitment and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Contractual Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity	The following table summarizes the Company's future payments related to contractual obligations as of December 31, 2022: (in thousands) Less than one year $ 9,303 Between one and five years 12,825 More than five years 149 Total $ 22,277

Stock-based Compensation (Table

Stock-based Compensation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Schedule of Share-based Payment Arrangement, Virtual Stock Option, Activity	The following table summarizes the activity for the Company's options under the 2018 VSOP: Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 310,031 $ 11.52 3.12 Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 310,031 $ 11.52 2.12 Options vested and exercisable as of December 31, 2022 309,406 $ 11.52 2.12 Number of Options Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Unvested as of December 31, 2021 2,810 $ 7.07 Vested (2,185) $ 6.99 Unvested as of December 31, 2022 625 $ 7.38 The following table summarizes the activity for the Company's options under the 2020 LTIP during the year ended December 31, 2022: Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in years) Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 1,802,228 $ 4.71 5.62 $ 0.01 Granted 1,132,000 $ 2.78 Forfeited (778,230) $ 4.14 Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 2,155,998 $ 3.91 5.36 $ — Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2022 1,003,490 $ 4.77 4.38 $ — Number of Options Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Unvested as of December 31, 2021 1,190,967 $ 2.53 Granted 1,132,000 $ 1.07 Vested (392,229) $ 2.66 Forfeited (778,230) $ 2.22 Unvested as of December 31, 2022 1,152,508 $ 1.26 The following table summarizes the activity for the Company's zero priced options under the 2020 LTIP: Number of Options Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 584,068 Granted 570,500 Exercised (110,664) Forfeited (330,445) Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 713,459 Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2022 139,244 Number of Options Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Unvested as of December 31, 2021 514,370 $ 5.29 Granted 570,500 $ 2.46 Vested (180,210) $ 5.55 Forfeited (330,445) $ 4.73 Unvested as of December 31, 2022 574,215 $ 2.72
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions	The inputs used in the measurement of the fair values at the date of grant for the options issued during the year ended December 31, 2022 are summarized below: Virtual Stock Options Zero-Priced Options Long Call Short Call Long Call Short Call Option Option (Cap) Option Option (Cap) Stock price $1.16 - $3.19 $1.16 - $3.19 $1.16 - $3.19 $1.16 - $3.19 Strike price $1.07 - $3.37 $10.70 - $33.70 $— $50.00 Term (in years) 4.65 4.65 4.65 4.65 Volatility 65.0% - 70.0% 65.0% - 70.0% 65.0% - 70.0% 65.0% - 70.0% Dividend —% —% —% —% Risk-free rate 2.4% - 4.1% 2.4% - 4.1% 2.4% - 4.1% 2.4% - 4.1% The inputs used in the measurement of the fair values at the date of grant for the options issued during the year ended December 31, 2021 are summarized below: Virtual Stock Options Zero-Priced Options Long Call Short Call Long Call Short Call Option Option (Cap) Option Option (Cap) Stock price $3.21 - $5.42 $3.21 - $5.42 $3.21 - $5.42 $3.21 - $5.42 Strike price $3.13 - $5.34 $31.30 - $53.40 $— $50.00 Term (in years) 4.65 - 4.67 4.65 - 4.67 4.65 - 4.67 4.65 - 4.67 Volatility 62.7% - 64.0% 62.7% - 64.0% 62.7% - 64.0% 62.7% - 64.0% Dividend —% —% —% —% Risk-free rate 0.7% - 0.9% 0.7% - 0.9% 0.7% - 0.9% 0.7% - 0.9%

Financial Instruments and Fai_2

Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Schedule of Carrying Values and Estimated Fair Values of Debt Instruments	The following table presents the carrying values and the estimated fair values of long-term debt as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 (in thousands) Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value Long-term debt, including current portion $ 94,817 $ 93,511 $ 82,124 $ 96,089

Basis of Presentation and Sum_4

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) unit Segment $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) unit $ / shares shares
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Revenue recognized from prior deferred revenue balances	$ 187,763	$ 216,905
Net loss	$ (44,190)	$ (68,155)
Diluted loss per share (in USD per share) | $ / shares	$ (16.87)	$ (26.10)
Undistributed earnings	$ 18,500
Amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability, undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries	$ 1,200
Foreign currency exchange rate	0.125
Direct marketing expenses	$ 93,400	$ 105,800
Employer matching contribution, percent of match	100%
Employer matching contribution, percent of employees' eligible earnings, maximum	4%
Employer matching contribution, amount	$ 200	$ 100
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares) | shares	1,455,490	988,180
Provision for credit losses	$ 318	$ 458
Number of operating segments | Segment	2
Number of reportable segments | Segment	1
Number of reporting units | unit	2	2
Basic loss per share (in USD per share) | $ / shares	$ (16.87)	$ (26.10)
Change in Accounting Method Accounted for as Change in Estimate
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Revenue recognized from prior deferred revenue balances	$ 2,500
Net loss	$ 2,300
Diluted loss per share (in USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.87
Basic loss per share (in USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.87
Minimum | Brands and trademarks
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	10 years
Minimum | Other Finite-Lived Intangible Asset
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	2 years
Maximum | Other Finite-Lived Intangible Asset
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	5 years
Office and other equipment | Minimum
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	3 years
Office and other equipment | Maximum
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	5 years
Leasehold improvements | Maximum
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	5 years
Internal-use software | Minimum
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	3 years
Internal-use software | Maximum
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	6 years
Accounts Receivable | Customer Concentration Risk | Payment Provider One
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage (less than)	28%	46%
Accounts Receivable | Customer Concentration Risk | Payment Provider Two
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage (less than)	41%	35%
Accounts Receivable | Customer Concentration Risk | Payment Provider Three
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage (less than)	13%	3%
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Product and Service Benchmark | Product Concentration Risk | Advertising and Virtual Currency
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage (less than)	4%	4%
Revenue Benchmark | Geographic Concentration Risk | Non-US
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage (less than)	31.40%

Basis of Presentation and Sum_5

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 11,438	$ 16,141
Restricted cash included in other current assets	131	138
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as shown on the consolidated statements of cash flows	$ 11,569	$ 16,279	$ 21,117

Revenue - Disaggregation (Detai

Revenue - Disaggregation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 187,763	$ 216,905
Subscription revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	177,435	208,796
Virtual currency revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	7,333	4,885
Advertising revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 2,995	$ 3,224

Revenue - Geographical (Details

Revenue - Geographical (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 187,763	$ 216,905
United States
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	128,759	141,973
Germany
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	1,084	1,468
Rest of world
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 57,920	$ 73,464

Revenue - Narrative (Details)

Revenue - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue recognized from prior deferred revenue balances	$ 37	$ 38.3
Virtual currency revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue recognized from prior deferred revenue balances	$ 2.5

Income Taxes - Narrative (Detai

Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax expense (benefit)	$ 6,992	$ 18,398
Federal statutory income tax rate, percent	(18.80%)	(37.00%)
Foreign income tax rate differential, percent	30.20%	30.20%
Operating loss carryforwards annual limit	$ 3,300
Valuation allowance	50,628	$ 40,233
Deferred tax assets, tax credit carryforwards, naked credits	400
Undistributed earnings	18,500
Amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability, undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries	1,200
Unrecognized tax benefits	4,509	4,731	$ 4,593
Unrecognized tax benefits, income tax penalties and interest accrued	800	700
Unrecognized tax benefits, income tax penalties and interest, increase (decrease)	100
Unrecognized tax benefits that would impact effective tax rate	400
Federal Ministry of Finance, Germany
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Net operating loss	109,200	111,400
Valuation allowance	22,300	13,900
Valuation allowance, increase (decrease)	8,400
Israel Tax Authority
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Valuation allowance	2,600	2,500
Domestic Tax Authority
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Net operating loss, not subject to expiration	18,700
State and Local Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Valuation allowance, increase (decrease)		2,000
State and Local Jurisdiction | Research Tax Credit Carryforward
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax credit carryforwards	6,400
Foreign Tax Authority
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Net operating loss	145,100	155,000
Domestic Tax Authority and State and Local Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax credit carryforwards	13,100	13,700
Valuation allowance	$ 25,800	$ 23,800

Income Taxes - Loss Before Inco

Income Taxes - Loss Before Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Germany	$ (7,290)	$ (5,852)
Foreign	(29,908)	(43,905)
Total	$ (37,198)	$ (49,757)

Income Taxes - Income Tax Provi

Income Taxes - Income Tax Provision (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current Federal, State and Local, Tax Expense (Benefit) [Abstract]
Germany	$ 721	$ 2,260
Foreign	38	797
Total current tax expense	759	3,057
Deferred Federal, State and Local, Tax Expense (Benefit) [Abstract]
Germany	6,903	239
Foreign	(670)	15,102
Total deferred tax expense	6,233	15,341
Income tax expense	$ 6,992	$ 18,398

Income Taxes - Effective Income

Income Taxes - Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax (benefit) at statutory rate	$ (11,225)	$ (15,014)
Foreign tax rate differential	2,090	10,538
Impairment of goodwill	4,657	4,575
Change in valuation allowance	11,478	16,659
Share-based payment arrangements	469	832
Unrecognized tax benefits	(574)	255
Tax credits	0	340
Other	97	213
Income tax expense	$ 6,992	$ 18,398
Foreign income tax rate differential, percent	30.20%	30.20%

Income Taxes - Components of De

Income Taxes - Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deferred tax assets:
Property and equipment	$ 129	$ 49
Intangible assets	337	401
Accrued employee compensation and benefits	133	26
Deferred revenue	284	737
Lease liabilities	941	1,289
Interest expense carryforwards	7,573	4,567
Other	1,455	1,753
Capitalized research & development costs	637	0
Tax credit carryforwards	8,884	9,323
Tax loss carryforwards	35,625	38,018
Total deferred tax assets	55,998	56,163
Less: valuation allowance	(50,628)	(40,233)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance	5,370	15,930
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangible assets	(3,399)	(7,013)
Right-of-use assets	(883)	(1,006)
Property and equipment	(695)	(356)
Other	(802)	(1,009)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(5,779)	(9,384)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$ (409)
Net deferred tax assets		$ 6,546

Income Taxes - Reconciliation o

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Balance at the beginning of the year	$ 4,731	$ 4,593
Increases for current year tax positions	276	242
Increases (decreases) for prior year tax positions	0	(104)
Statute of limitation expirations	(498)	0
Settlements with taxing authorities	0	0
Balance at the end of the year	$ 4,509	$ 4,731

Property and Equipment (Details

Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 9,738	$ 7,611
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(4,782)	(3,998)
Property and equipment, net	4,956	3,613
Office and other equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	2,595	2,526
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	390	344
Internally developed software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	5,722	3,633
Purchased software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 1,031	$ 1,108

Property and Equipment - Narrat

Property and Equipment - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation	$ 1.1	$ 2.4
Capitalized internally developed software costs	$ 2.3	0.7
Impairment of goodwill, intangible assets, and capitalized software		5.8
Internally developed software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Software disposals		8.4
Accumulated depreciation write-off		$ (2.6)

Property and Equipment - Proper

Property and Equipment - Property and Equipment by Geography (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment, net	$ 4,956	$ 3,613
United States
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment, net	1,435	742
Germany
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment, net	$ 3,521	$ 2,871

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_2

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Goodwill [Line Items]
Impairment charge					$ 15,433	$ 21,786
Accumulated impairment loss	$ 99,900		$ 84,500		99,900	84,500
Amortization of intangible assets					1,300	4,200
Goodwill	119,276		134,744		119,276	134,744	$ 156,582
Spark
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill			$ 24,400			24,400
Brands and trademarks
Goodwill [Line Items]
Impairment charges, indefinite-lived					51,151	$ 36,360
Spark and Zoosk Reporting Units
Goodwill [Line Items]
Impairment charge					$ 0
Zoosk, Inc.
Goodwill [Line Items]
Impairment charge	15,400			$ 21,800
Zoosk, Inc. | Brands and trademarks
Goodwill [Line Items]
Impairment charge	$ 3,000	$ 11,800
Brands and trademarks | Zoosk, Inc.
Goodwill [Line Items]
Discounts rate			0.21
Royalty rate		0.03	0.04	0.04
Intangible assets, discount rate				0.145
Impairment charges, indefinite-lived			$ 15,100	$ 10,300
Brands and trademarks | Zoosk, Inc. | Minimum
Goodwill [Line Items]
Discounts rate		0.23
Brands and trademarks | Zoosk, Inc. | Maximum
Goodwill [Line Items]
Discounts rate		0.275

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_3

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Change in Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance as of the beginning of the period	$ 134,744	$ 156,582
Impairment charges	(15,433)	(21,786)
Impact of currency translation	(35)	(52)
Balance as of the end of the period	$ 119,276	$ 134,744

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_4

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Accumulated Amortization	$ (16,798)	$ (15,522)
Impairment, Intangible Asset, Indefinite-Lived (Excluding Goodwill), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Impairment of goodwill, intangible assets, and capitalized software
Impairment, Intangible Asset, Finite-Lived, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Impairment of goodwill, intangible assets, and capitalized software
Intangible Assets, Gross (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 81,251	81,251
Accumulated Impairment Charges	(51,151)	(36,360)
Currency Translation Impact on Carrying Amount	(3)	0
Net Carrying Amount	$ 13,299	$ 29,369
Weighted Average
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period (Years)	4 years 3 months 18 days	1 year 7 months 6 days
Brands and trademarks
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 63,800	$ 63,800
Accumulated Impairment Charges	(51,151)	(36,360)
Currency Translation Impact on Carrying Amount	0	0
Net Carrying Amount	12,649	27,440
Brands and trademarks
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	86	86
Accumulated Impairment Charges	0	0
Accumulated Amortization	(58)	(50)
Currency Translation Impact on Carrying Amount	(2)	0
Net Carrying Amount	$ 26	$ 36
Brands and trademarks | Weighted Average
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period (Years)	3 years 9 months 18 days	1 month 6 days
Acquired technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 5,910	$ 5,910
Accumulated Impairment Charges	0	0
Accumulated Amortization	(5,286)	(4,039)
Currency Translation Impact on Carrying Amount	0	0
Net Carrying Amount	$ 624	$ 1,871
Acquired technology | Weighted Average
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period (Years)	6 months	1 year 6 months
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 10,780	$ 10,780
Accumulated Impairment Charges	0	0
Accumulated Amortization	(10,780)	(10,780)
Currency Translation Impact on Carrying Amount	0	0
Net Carrying Amount	$ 0	$ 0
Customer relationships | Weighted Average
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period (Years)	0 years	0 years
Licenses and domains
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 205	$ 205
Accumulated Impairment Charges	0	0
Accumulated Amortization	(204)	(183)
Currency Translation Impact on Carrying Amount	(1)	0
Net Carrying Amount	$ 0	$ 22
Licenses and domains | Weighted Average
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period (Years)	0 years	0 years
Other
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 470	$ 470
Accumulated Impairment Charges	0	0
Accumulated Amortization	(470)	(470)
Currency Translation Impact on Carrying Amount	0	0
Net Carrying Amount	$ 0	$ 0
Other | Weighted Average
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period (Years)	0 years	0 years

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_5

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Amortization of Long-lived Intangible Assets (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2023	$ 632
2024	8
2025	8
2026	2
2027	$ 0

Leases - Narrative (Details)

Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term	1 year 7 months 6 days	2 years 7 months 6 days
Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent	4.10%	4%
Non-cancellable sublease proceeds with future minimum rental receipts	$ 3.7
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lessee, operating lease, remaining lease term	2 years
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lessee, operating lease, remaining lease term	3 years

Leases - Operating Lease Right-

Leases - Operating Lease Right-of-use Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset	$ 3,609	$ 5,911
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other assets	Other assets
Current portion of lease liabilities	$ 2,422	$ 2,325
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Non-current lease liabilities	$ 1,416	$ 3,887
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other liabilities	Other liabilities
Total lease liabilities	$ 3,838	$ 6,212

Leases - Costs (Details)

Leases - Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease expense	$ 2,382	$ 2,237
Short-term lease expense	174	138
Variable lease expense	255	46
Sublease income	(1,956)	(1,956)
Total net lease expense	$ 855	$ 465

Leases - Cash Flow (Details)

Leases - Cash Flow (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Cash paid for operating leases	$ 2,441	$ 2,170
Cash received from sublease	1,794	1,905
Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities recognized in lease modification	$ 0	$ 1,626

Leases - Lease Payments (Detail

Leases - Lease Payments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
2023	$ 2,529
2024	1,438
Total lease payments	3,967
Less: Interest	(129)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 3,838	$ 6,212

Accrued Expenses and Other Li_3

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities - Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued advertising	$ 6,257	$ 6,483
Accrued employee compensation and benefits	1,614	1,487
Accrued professional fees	944	835
Accrued service providers	1,501	1,806
Accrued value-added, sales, and other non-income-based taxes	9,078	8,837
Current portion of income tax payable	1,812	3,733
Current portion of lease liabilities	2,422	2,325
Other	619	1,536
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 24,247	$ 27,042

Accrued Expenses and Other Li_4

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities - Other Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Deferred payment to Zoosk's shareholders	$ 12,716	$ 11,545
Lease liabilities, less current portion	1,416	3,887
Sublease security deposit	1,038	1,038
Other	1,948	1,948
Other liabilities	$ 17,118	$ 18,418

Debt - Narrative (Details)

Debt - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

24 Months Ended

Aug. 05, 2022 USD ($)

Mar. 11, 2022 USD ($)

Jun. 30, 2025 USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)

Mar. 31, 2025 USD ($)

Mar. 11, 2027

Sep. 30, 2026

Sep. 30, 2025

Sep. 30, 2024

Sep. 30, 2023

Jun. 30, 2023

Sep. 30, 2022

Aug. 31, 2022 USD ($)

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Long-term debt, gross

$ 100,000

$ 85,552

Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs

$ 300

Long-term debt

0

64,531

Loss on extinguishment of debt

(3,964)

0

Minimum

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt instrument, covenant, marketing spend

$ 80,000

Secured Debt | Senior Secured Facilities Agreement | Revolving Credit Facility

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Loss on extinguishment of debt

100

Secured Debt | Senior Secured Facilities Agreement | Term Loan Facility

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Long-term debt, gross

$ 100,000

85,552

Long-term debt

$ 82,100

Secured Debt | Senior Secured Facilities Agreement | Term Loan Facility and Second Amendment

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Loss on extinguishment of debt

3,900

Secured Debt | Senior Secured Facilities Agreement | Term Loan Facility and Second Amendment | Unamortized Debt Issuance Cost

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Loss on extinguishment of debt

3,000

Secured Debt | Senior Secured Facilities Agreement | Term Loan Facility and Second Amendment | Prepayment Penalty

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Loss on extinguishment of debt

900

Secured Debt | Senior Secured Term Loan

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Interest rate, discount percent

0.020

Face amount

$ 100,000

Covenant, leverage ratio, maximum

4.50

Debt instrument, covenant, marketing efficiency ratio, maximum

1.36

Liquidity threshold, minimum

$ 5,000

Secured Debt | Senior Secured Term Loan | Transaction Costs

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Interest and debt expense

3,500

Secured Debt | Senior Secured Term Loan | Overhead Fees

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Interest and debt expense

$ 300

Secured Debt | Senior Secured Term Loan | Forecast

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Covenant, leverage ratio, maximum

2.25

2.75

3.25

3.75

4.25

Secured Debt | Senior Secured Term Loan | LIBOR

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Basis spread on variable rate

7.50%

Secured Debt | Senior Secured Term Loan | LIBOR | Forecast

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Periodic payment, principal

$ 2,500

$ 1,250

Secured Debt | Amended Senior Secured Term Loan

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Covenant, leverage ratio, maximum

6.50

Secured Debt | Amended Senior Secured Term Loan | Scenario One

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Covenant, leverage ratio, minimum

4.25

Secured Debt | Amended Senior Secured Term Loan | Scenario Two

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Covenant, leverage ratio, maximum

4.25

Secured Debt | Amended Senior Secured Term Loan | Scenario Three

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Covenant, leverage ratio, minimum

3.75

Secured Debt | Amended Senior Secured Term Loan | Scenario Four

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Covenant, leverage ratio, maximum

3.75

Secured Debt | Amended Senior Secured Term Loan | Forecast

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Covenant, leverage ratio, maximum

6.25

Secured Debt | Amended Senior Secured Term Loan | LIBOR | Minimum | Scenario One

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Basis spread on variable rate

7.50%

Secured Debt | Amended Senior Secured Term Loan | LIBOR | Minimum | Scenario Two

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Basis spread on variable rate

7%

Secured Debt | Amended Senior Secured Term Loan | LIBOR | Minimum | Scenario Three

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Basis spread on variable rate

7.50%

Secured Debt | Amended Senior Secured Term Loan | LIBOR | Minimum | Scenario Four

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Basis spread on variable rate

7%

Secured Debt | Amended Senior Secured Term Loan | LIBOR | Maximum | Scenario One

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Basis spread on variable rate

8.50%

Secured Debt | Amended Senior Secured Term Loan | LIBOR | Maximum | Scenario Two

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Basis spread on variable rate

8%

Secured Debt | Amended Senior Secured Term Loan | LIBOR | Maximum | Scenario Three

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Basis spread on variable rate

8.50%

Secured Debt | Amended Senior Secured Term Loan | LIBOR | Maximum | Scenario Four

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Basis spread on variable rate

8%

Debt - Debt Maturity (Details)

Debt - Debt Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 11, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Due 2023	$ 100,000
Due 2024	0
Due 2025	0
Due 2026	0
Due 2027	0
Total	100,000		$ 85,552
Less: current portion of long-term debt	(94,817)		(17,593)
Unamortized discount	(1,927)		(1,430)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(3,256)		(1,998)
Long-term debt	$ 0		$ 64,531
Effective interest rate	12.60%		11.80%
Term Loan Facility | Senior Secured Facilities Agreement | Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		$ 100,000	$ 85,552
Long-term debt			$ 82,100

Commitment and Contingencies -

Commitment and Contingencies - (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Less than one year	$ 9,303
Between one and five years	12,825
More than five years	149
Total	$ 22,277

Commitment and Contingencies _2

Commitment and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 22, 2020 demand	May 05, 2021 claimant demand	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) claimant
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Contractual obligation for deferred payment to Zoosk's shareholders | $			$ 22,277
Number of arbitration demands | demand	77
Number of additional arbitration demands | demand		3
Number of additional claimants | claimant		1,370
Number of claimants | claimant		1,450	177
Zoosk, Inc.
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Contractual obligation for deferred payment to Zoosk's shareholders | $			$ 2,600

Shareholders' Equity (Details)

Shareholders' Equity (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 € / shares shares	Sep. 14, 2022 EUR (€)	Aug. 31, 2022 EUR (€)	Dec. 31, 2021 € / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2020 shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	2,623,820			2,617,397
Shares, issued (in shares)	26,238,200
Shares, outstanding (in shares)	26,238,200
Common stock, nominal value (in Euro per share) | € / shares	€ 1			€ 1
Treasury stock issued pursuant to equity-based plans (in shares)	6,423
Authorized Capital 2017
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, authorized, amount | €		€ 593,481	€ 640,000
Authorized Capital 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, authorized, amount | €			€ 1,064,554
Long Term Incentive Plan
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Conversion ratio	0.1
Ordinary Shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	2,661,386			2,661,386	2,661,386

Stock-based Compensation - Narr

Stock-based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based payment, vesting installment term	6 months
Share-based compensation expense	$ 1.5	$ 2.7
Virtual Stock Option Plan 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based payment, contractual term	85 months
Award vesting term	4 years
Award vesting rights, percentage	25%
Virtual Stock Option Plan 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting term	3 years
Share-based payment, vesting installment term	6 months
Award vesting rights, percentage	33.33%
Long Term Incentive Plan 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting term	85 months
Granted (in shares)	1,132,000
Cost not yet recognized, amount	$ 1.9
Options, vested in period, fair value	2	3.6
Share-based payment, exercises in period, intrinsic value	$ 0.3	$ 1
Cost not yet recognized, period for recognition	3 years 2 months 1 day
Long Term Incentive Plan 2020 | Tranche One
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting term	12 months
Award vesting rights, percentage	25%
Long Term Incentive Plan 2020 | Tranche Two
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting term	3 months
Additional award vesting rights, percentage	0.0625
Long Term Incentive Plan 2020 | Zero Priced Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	570,500
Long Term Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares issued in period (in shares)	181,309
Long Term Incentive Plan | Virtual Stock Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized for issuance (in shares)	3,500,000

Stock-based Compensation - Stoc

Stock-based Compensation - Stock Option Activity (2018 and 2020 LTIP) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Number of Options
Exercises (in shares)	(110,664)
Virtual Stock Option Plan 2018
Number of Options
Beginning Balance (in shares)	310,031
Ending Balance (in shares)	310,031	310,031
Options exercisable (in shares)	309,406
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at Beginning Balance (in dollars per share)	$ 11.52
Outstanding at Ending Balance (in dollars per share)	11.52	$ 11.52
Options exercisable weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 11.52
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term and Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Weighted average remaining contractual term, beginning balance	2 years 1 month 13 days	3 years 1 month 13 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term, ending balance	2 years 1 month 13 days	3 years 1 month 13 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term, options vested and exercisable	2 years 1 month 13 days
Long Term Incentive Plan 2020
Number of Options
Beginning Balance (in shares)	1,802,228
Granted (in shares)	1,132,000
Forfeited (in shares)	(778,230)
Ending Balance (in shares)	2,155,998	1,802,228
Vested and exercisable (in shares)	1,003,490
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at Beginning Balance (in dollars per share)	$ 4.71
Granted (in dollars per share)	2.78
Forfeitures (in dollars per share)	4.14
Outstanding at Ending Balance (in dollars per share)	3.91	$ 4.71
Vested and exercisable at Ending Balance (in dollars per share)	$ 4.77
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term and Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Weighted average remaining contractual term, options vested and exercisable	5 years 4 months 9 days	5 years 7 months 13 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term, options vested and exercisable	4 years 4 months 17 days
Aggregate intrinsic value, beginning balance	$ 0.01
Aggregate intrinsic value, ending balance	0	$ 0.01
Aggregate intrinsic value, vested and exercisable	$ 0
Long Term Incentive Plan 2020 | Zero Priced Options
Number of Options
Beginning Balance (in shares)	584,068
Granted (in shares)	570,500
Forfeited (in shares)	(330,445)
Ending Balance (in shares)	713,459	584,068
Vested and exercisable (in shares)	139,244

Stock-based Compensation - Unve

Stock-based Compensation - Unvested Stock Option Activity (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Virtual Stock Option Plan 2018
Number of Options
Unvested, Beginning Balance (in shares) | shares	2,810
Vested (in shares) | shares	(2,185)
Unvested, Ending Balance (in shares) | shares	625
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested, Beginning Balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 7.07
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	6.99
Unvested, Ending Balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 7.38
Long Term Incentive Plan 2020
Number of Options
Unvested, Beginning Balance (in shares) | shares	1,190,967
Granted (in shares) | shares	1,132,000
Vested (in shares) | shares	(392,229)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(778,230)
Unvested, Ending Balance (in shares) | shares	1,152,508
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested, Beginning Balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 2.53
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	1.07
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	2.66
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	2.22
Unvested, Ending Balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.26
Long Term Incentive Plan 2020 | Zero Priced Options
Number of Options
Unvested, Beginning Balance (in shares) | shares	514,370
Granted (in shares) | shares	570,500
Vested (in shares) | shares	(180,210)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(330,445)
Unvested, Ending Balance (in shares) | shares	574,215
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested, Beginning Balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.29
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	2.46
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	5.55
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	4.73
Unvested, Ending Balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 2.72

Stock-based Compensation - Inpu

Stock-based Compensation - Inputs used in the Measurement of the Fair Value Assumptions (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Virtual Stock Options | Short
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Term (in years)	4 years 7 months 24 days
Dividend	0%	0%
Virtual Stock Options | Long
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Term (in years)	4 years 7 months 24 days
Dividend	0%	0%
Virtual Stock Options | Minimum | Short
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.16	$ 3.21
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 10.70	$ 31.30
Term (in years)		4 years 7 months 24 days
Volatility	65%	62.70%
Risk-free rate	2.40%	0.70%
Virtual Stock Options | Minimum | Long
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.16	$ 3.21
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.07	$ 3.13
Term (in years)		4 years 7 months 24 days
Volatility	65%	62.70%
Risk-free rate	2.40%	0.70%
Virtual Stock Options | Maximum | Short
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.19	$ 5.42
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 33.70	$ 53.40
Term (in years)		4 years 8 months 1 day
Volatility	70%	64%
Risk-free rate	4.10%	0.90%
Virtual Stock Options | Maximum | Long
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.19	$ 5.42
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.37	$ 5.34
Term (in years)		4 years 8 months 1 day
Volatility	70%	64%
Risk-free rate	4.10%	0.90%
Zero Priced Options | Short
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 50	$ 50
Term (in years)	4 years 7 months 24 days
Dividend	0%	0%
Zero Priced Options | Long
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Term (in years)	4 years 7 months 24 days
Dividend	0%	0%
Zero Priced Options | Minimum | Short
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.16	$ 3.21
Term (in years)		4 years 7 months 24 days
Volatility	65%	62.70%
Risk-free rate	2.40%	0.70%
Zero Priced Options | Minimum | Long
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.16	$ 3.21
Term (in years)		4 years 7 months 24 days
Volatility	65%	62.70%
Risk-free rate	2.40%	0.70%
Zero Priced Options | Maximum | Short
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.19	$ 5.42
Term (in years)		4 years 8 months 1 day
Volatility	70%	64%
Risk-free rate	4.10%	0.90%
Zero Priced Options | Maximum | Long
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.19	$ 5.42
Term (in years)		4 years 8 months 1 day
Volatility	70%	64%
Risk-free rate	4.10%	0.90%
Virtual Stock Option Plan 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Term (in years)	85 months

Financial Instruments and Fai_3

Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Level 2 - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Carrying Value
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Long-term debt, net	$ 94,817	$ 82,124
Fair Value
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Long-term debt, net	$ 93,511	$ 96,089

Financial Instruments and Fai_4

Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Goodwill, Impairment Loss					$ (15,433)	$ (21,786)
Zoosk, Inc.
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Goodwill, Impairment Loss	$ (15,400)			$ (21,800)
Zoosk, Inc. | Brands and trademarks
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Accumulated Impairment Charges			$ (15,100)	$ (10,300)
Brands and trademarks
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Accumulated Impairment Charges					$ (51,151)	$ (36,360)
Brands and trademarks | Zoosk, Inc.
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Goodwill, Impairment Loss	$ (3,000)	$ (11,800)

Subsequent Events (Details)

Subsequent Events (Details) $ in Millions	Mar. 10, 2023 USD ($)
Subsequent Event | Silicon Valley Bank
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Cash	$ 4.9