“Ground lease and other” on the consolidated statements of operations reflects the amortization of deferred revenue relating to Non-Normal Tenant Improvements as well as the non-cash ground lease revenue from the tenant. Prior to the adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2019, the Company also reflected within this line item the revenue that arises from costs for which the Company is the primary obligor that are required to be paid by the tenant on behalf of the Company pursuant to the triple-net lease terms such as property taxes. ASC 842 requires lessors to exclude from variable payments, and therefore from revenue, lessor costs paid by lessees directly to third parties. Under the MGM-MGP Master Lease, the lessee pays property tax directly to third parties; accordingly, the Company no longer reflect such costs within revenues or expenses as of January 1, 2019.
Northfield generated gaming, food, beverage and other revenue, which primarily consisted of video lottery terminal (“VLT”) wager transactions and food and beverage transactions and such revenue relating to the operations of Northfield is classified as discontinued operations. Refer to Note 3 for further information.
Ground lease and other expenses. Ground lease and other expenses arise from costs which, subsequent to the adoption of ASC 842, includes ground lease rent paid directly by the tenant pursuant to the third-party lessor on behalf of the Company. As discussed above, prior to the adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2019, this line item also included property taxes paid for by the tenant on behalf of the Company pursuant to the triple-net lease terms of the MGM-MGP Master Lease.
Acquisition-related expenses. The Company expenses transaction costs associated with completed or announced acquisitions in the period in which they are incurred. These costs are included in “Acquisition-related expenses” within the consolidated statements of operations.
General and administrative. General and administrative expenses primarily include the salaries and benefits of employees and external consulting costs. In addition, pursuant to a corporate services agreement between the Operating Partnership and MGM (the “Corporate Services Agreement”), MGM provides the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries with financial, administrative and operational support services, including accounting and finance support, human resources support, legal and regulatory compliance support, insurance advisory services, internal audit services, governmental affairs monitoring and reporting services, information technology support, construction services and various other support services. MGM is reimbursed for all costs it incurs directly related to providing the services thereunder. The Operating Partnership incurred expenses pursuant to the Corporate Services Agreement for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 of $3.5 million, $3.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively.
Deferred financing costs. Deferred financing costs were incurred in connection with the issuance of the term loan facilities, revolving credit facility and senior notes. Costs incurred in connection with term loan facilities and senior notes were capitalized and offset against the carrying amount of the related indebtedness. Costs incurred in connection with the Operating Partnership’s revolving credit facility are capitalized as a component of prepaid expenses and other assets. These costs are amortized over the term of the indebtedness and are included in interest expense in the consolidated statement of operations.
Concentrations of credit risk. As of December 31, 2020, all of the Company’s real estate properties have been leased to MGM and all of the Company’s revenues for the period ending December 31, 2020 are derived from the MGM-MGP Master Lease with MGM.
Derivative financial instruments. The Company accounts for its derivatives in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, in which all derivative instruments are reflected at fair value as either assets or liabilities. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments, the Company records the gain or loss on the hedge instruments as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. For derivative instruments that are not designated and do not quality as hedging instruments, the Company records the gain or loss on the derivative instruments as ”Gain (loss) on unhedged interest rate swaps, net” on the consolidated statements of operations
Fair value measurements. Fair value measurements are utilized in the accounting and impairment assessments of the Company’s real estate investments. investment in unconsolidated affiliate, and certain of its financial assets and liabilities. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and is measured according to a hierarchy that includes: Level 1 inputs, such as quoted prices in an active market; Level 2 inputs, which are observable inputs for similar assets; or Level 3 inputs, which are unobservable inputs. The Company used the following inputs in its fair value measurements:
| • | | Level 2 inputs for its debt fair value disclosures. See Note 7; and |
| • | | Level 2 inputs when measuring the fair value of its interest rate swaps. See Note 8. |
Reportable segment. The Company’s operations consist of investments in real estate, both wholly owned and through its investment in MGP BREIT Venture, for which all such real estate properties are similar to one another in that they consist of large-scale destination entertainment and leisure resorts and related offerings, whose tenants generally offer casino gaming, hotel, convention, dining, entertainment and retail amenities, have similar economic characteristics and are governed by triple-net operating leases. The operating results of the Company’s wholly owned and equity method real estate investments are regularly reviewed, in the aggregate, by the chief operating decision maker. As such, the Company has one reportable segment.
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