Derivatives | Derivatives We utilize derivatives, such as swaps, puts, and calls to hedge a portion of our forecasted oil production and gas purchases to reduce exposure to fluctuations in oil and natural gas prices. We target covering our operating expenses and fixed charges, including maintenance capital expenditures, with the oil hedges for a period of up to two years out. We have hedged a portion of our exposure to differentials between ICE Brent oil (“Brent”) and NYMEX West Texas Intermediate oil (“WTI”) as well. Additionally, we target fixing the price for a large portion of our natural gas purchases used in our steam operations for up to two years . We also, from time to time, have entered into agreements to purchase a portion of the natural gas we require for our operations, which we do not record at fair value as derivatives because they qualify for normal purchases and normal sales exclusions. As of March 31, 2019, our hedge position consisted of oil swaps, puts and calls, and natural gas swaps. We use oil swaps and puts to protect against decreases in the oil price and natural gas swaps to protect against increases in natural gas prices. We do not enter into derivative contracts for speculative trading purposes and have not accounted for our derivatives as cash-flow or fair-value hedges. We did not designate any of our contracts as cash flow hedges; therefore, the changes in fair value of these instruments are recorded in current earnings. Gains (losses) on oil hedges are classified in the revenues and other section of the statement of operations and gains (losses) on natural gas hedges are presented in the expenses and other section of the statement of operations. As of March 31, 2019 , we had hedged crude oil production to protect against oil price decreases, at the following approximate volumes and weighted average prices: 19.0 MBbl/d at $65.99 in the second quarter of 2019, 12.0 MBbl/d at $65.33 in the third quarter of 2019 and 12.0 MBbl/d at $65.33 in the fourth quarter of 2019. We had also hedged gas purchases as noted below. Q2 2019 Q3 2019 Q4 2019 Oil Calls Options (Brent): Hedged volume (MBbls) 180 92 92 Weighted-average price ($/Bbl) $ 70.00 $ 81.00 $ 81.00 Oil Put Options (Brent): Hedged volume (MBbls) 1,092 460 460 Weighted-average price ($/Bbl) $ 60.00 $ 50.00 $ 50.00 Fixed Price Oil Swaps (Brent): Hedged volume (MBbls) 637 644 644 Weighted-average price ($/Bbl) $ 76.27 $ 76.27 $ 76.27 Oil basis differential positions (Brent-WTI basis swaps): Hedged volume (MBbls) 46 46 46 Weighted-average price ($/Bbl) $ (1.29 ) $ (1.29 ) $ (1.29 ) Fixed Price Gas Purchase Swaps (Kern, Delivered): Hedged volume (MMBtu) 2,730,000 1,380,000 465,000 Weighted-average price ($/MMBtu) $ 2.70 $ 2.65 $ 2.65 In April 2019, we acquired additional oil and gas hedges. For additional detail see "Liquidity and Capital Resources". For our purchased puts, we would receive settlement payments for prices below the indicated weighted-average price per barrel of Brent. For some of our put positions, we paid a premium at the time the positions were created and for others the premium payment is deferred until the time of settlement. We paid approximately $15 million of the deferred premium during the three months ended March 31, 2019 . In order to mitigate the exposure to these deferred premiums, we entered into several offsetting put positions. We received approximately $4 million for the offsetting positions during the three months ended March 31, 2019 . The remaining deferred premiums of approximately $7 million are reflected in the mark-to-market valuation and will be payable through the first quarter of 2020. For fixed-price swaps, we make settlement payments for prices above the indicated weighted-average price per barrel of Brent or WTI and receive settlement payments for prices below the indicated weighted-average price per barrel of Brent or WTI. For oil basis swaps, we make settlement payments if the difference between Brent and WTI is greater than the indicated weighted-average price per barrel of our contracts and receive settlement payments if the difference between Brent and WTI is below the indicated weighted-average price per barrel. For fixed-price natural gas purchase swaps, we are the buyer so we make settlement payments for prices below the weighted-average price per MMBtu and receive settlement payments for prices above the weighted-average price per MMBtu. Our commodity derivatives are measured at fair value using industry-standard models with various inputs including publicly available underlying commodity prices and forward curves, and all are classified as Level 2 in the required fair value hierarchy for the periods presented. These commodity derivatives are subject to counterparty netting. The following tables present the fair values (gross and net) of our outstanding derivatives as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 : March 31, 2019 Balance Sheet Gross Amounts Gross Amounts Offset Net Fair Value Presented (in thousands) Assets: Commodity Contracts Current assets $ 21,987 $ (5,542 ) $ 16,445 Commodity Contracts Non-current assets 18 — 18 Liabilities: Commodity Contracts Current liabilities (12,144 ) 5,542 (6,602 ) Total derivatives $ 9,861 $ — $ 9,861 December 31, 2018 Balance Sheet Gross Amounts Gross Amounts Offset Net Fair Value Presented (in thousands) Assets: Commodity Contracts Current assets $ 89,981 $ (1,385 ) $ 88,596 Commodity Contracts Non-current assets 3,289 — 3,289 Liabilities: Commodity Contracts Current liabilities (1,385 ) 1,385 — Total derivatives $ 91,885 $ — $ 91,885 By using derivative instruments to economically hedge exposure to changes in commodity prices, we expose ourselves to credit risk and market risk. Credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. When the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty owes us, which creates credit risk. We do not receive collateral from our counterparties. We minimize the credit risk in derivative instruments by limiting our exposure to any single counterparty. In addition, our RBL Facility prevents us from entering into hedging arrangements that are secured, except with our lenders and their affiliates that have margin call requirements, that otherwise require us to provide collateral or with a non-lender counterparty that does not have an A- or A3 credit rating or better from Standards & Poor’s or Moody’s, respectively. In accordance with our standard practice, our commodity derivatives are subject to counterparty netting under agreements governing such derivatives which partially mitigates the counterparty nonperformance risk. |