Derivatives | Derivatives We utilize derivatives, such as swaps, puts and calls, to hedge a portion of our forecasted oil and gas production and gas purchases to reduce exposure to fluctuations in oil and natural gas prices, which addresses our market risk. In addition to the hedging requirements of the 2021 RBL Facility, we target covering our operating expenses and a majority of our fixed charges, which includes capital needed to sustain production levels, as well as interest and fixed dividends as applicable, with the oil and gas sales hedges for a period of up to three years out. Additionally, we target fixing the price for a large portion of our natural gas purchases used in our steam operations for up to two years. We have also entered into Utah gas transportation contracts to help reduce the price fluctuation exposure, however these do not qualify as hedges. We also, from time to time, have entered into agreements to purchase a portion of the natural gas we require for our operations, which we do not record at fair value as derivatives because they qualify for normal purchases and normal sales exclusions. For fixed-price oil and gas sales swaps, we are the seller, so we make settlement payments for prices above the indicated weighted-average price per barrel and per mmbtu, respectively, and receive settlement payments for prices below the indicated weighted-average price per barrel and per mmbtu, respectively. For our purchased oil puts, we would receive settlement payments for prices below the indicated weighted-average price per barrel of Brent. For some of our purchased puts we paid a premium at the time the positions were created and for others, the premium payment is deferred until the time of settlement. As of September 30, 2021 we have offsetting put positions with an outstanding deferred premium of approximately $24 million, which is reflected in the mark-to-market valuation and will be payable beginning in 2022 through 2024, in approximately the same amount each year. For our sold oil and gas puts, we would make settlement payments for prices below the indicated weighted-average price. No payment would be due for prices above the indicated weighted-average price. For our sold oil and gas calls, we would make settlement payments for prices above the indicated weighted-average price. No payment would be due for prices below the indicated weighted-average price. For our purchased gas calls, we would receive settlement payment for prices above the indicated weighted-average price. No payment would be received for prices below the indicated weighted-average price. For fixed-price gas purchase swaps, we are the buyer so we make settlement payments for prices below the weighted-average price per mmbtu and receive settlement payments for prices above the weighted-average price per mmbtu. We use oil and gas swaps and puts to protect our sales against decreases in oil and gas prices. We also use swaps to protect our natural gas purchases against increases in prices. We do not enter into derivative contracts for speculative trading purposes and have not accounted for our derivatives as cash-flow or fair-value hedges. The changes in fair value of these instruments are recorded in current earnings. Gains (losses) on oil and gas sales hedges are classified in the revenues and other section of the statement of operations, while natural gas purchase hedges are included in expenses and other section of the statement of operations. As of September 30, 2021, we had the following crude oil production and gas purchase hedges. Q4 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY 2024 Fixed Price Oil Swaps (Brent): Hedged volume (mbbls) 1,318 3,387 1,596 732 Weighted-average price ($/bbl) $ 48.61 $ 66.63 $ 65.26 $ 61.78 Purchased Oil Put Options (Brent): Hedged volume (mbbls) 307 1,643 2,555 1,647 Weighted-average price ($/bbl) $ 60.00 $ 50.00 $ 50.00 $ 50.00 Sold Oil Put Options (Brent): Hedged volume (mbbls) — 1,643 2,555 1,647 Weighted-average price ($/bbl) $ — $ 40.00 $ 40.00 $ 40.00 Sold Oil Calls Options (Brent): Hedged volume (mbbls) 307 — — — Weighted-average price ($/bbl) $ 75.00 $ — $ — $ — Purchased Gas Call Options (Henry Hub): Hedged volume (mmbtu) 1,830,000 10,950,000 10,950,000 9,150,000 Weighted-average price ($/mmbtu) $ 4.00 $ 4.00 $ 4.00 $ 4.00 Sold Gas Put Options (Henry Hub): Hedged volume (mmbtu) 1,830,000 10,950,000 10,950,000 9,150,000 Weighted-average price ($/mmbtu) $ 2.75 $ 2.75 $ 2.75 $ 2.75 Fixed Price Gas Purchase Swaps (Kern, Delivered): Hedged volume (mmbtu) 2,085,000 — — — Weighted-average price ($/mmbtu) $ 2.95 $ — $ — $ — As of September 30, 2021 we also had open swap positions that are excluded from the table above where we are both buyer and seller of equal notional volumes of 12,500 mmbtu/d of fixed price gas sales swaps each indexed to Northwest Pipeline Rocky Mountains and CIG, for the period October 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021. These swap positions effectively cancel each other while resulting in a mark-to-market gain of approximately $1 million. This gain will be cash settled in 2021 as the positions expire. In October we added purchased gas put options (Henry Hub) of 20,000 mmbtu/d at $2.75 beginning November 2021 through March 2022, which offset the fourth quarter 2021 and first quarter 2022 sold gas put options included in the above table. We added sold oil put options (Brent) of 500 bbl/d at $60.00 beginning November 2021 through December 2021, which offset the fourth quarter 2021 purchased oil put options included in the above table. We also added purchased fixed price oil swaps (Brent) of 1,000 bbl/d at $66.95 beginning January 2022 through December 2022, which partially offset the 2022 fixed price oil swaps included in the table above. Our commodity derivatives are measured at fair value using industry-standard models with various inputs including publicly available underlying commodity prices and forward curves, and all are classified as Level 2 in the required fair value hierarchy for the periods presented. These commodity derivatives are subject to counterparty netting. The following tables present the fair values (gross and net) of our outstanding derivatives as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020: September 30, 2021 Balance Sheet Gross Amounts Gross Amounts Offset Net Fair Value Presented (in thousands) Assets: Commodity Contracts Current assets $ 30,356 $ (29,472) $ 884 Commodity Contracts Non-current assets 36,287 (34,245) 2,042 Liabilities: Commodity Contracts Current liabilities (68,939) 29,472 (39,467) Commodity Contracts Non-current liabilities (49,848) 34,245 (15,603) Total derivatives $ (52,144) $ — $ (52,144) December 31, 2020 Balance Sheet Gross Amounts Gross Amounts Offset Net Fair Value Presented (in thousands) Assets: Commodity Contracts Current assets $ 15,217 $ (12,710) $ 2,507 Liabilities: Commodity Contracts Current liabilities (36,031) 12,710 (23,321) Total derivatives $ (20,814) $ — $ (20,814) By using derivative instruments to economically hedge exposure to changes in commodity prices, we expose ourselves to credit risk. Credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. When the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty owes us, which creates credit risk. We do not receive collateral from our counterparties. We minimize the credit risk in derivative instruments by limiting our exposure to any single counterparty. In addition, our 2021 RBL Facility prevents us from entering into hedging arrangements that are secured, except with our lenders and their affiliates that have margin call requirements, that otherwise require us to provide collateral or with a non-lender counterparty that does not have an A or A2 credit rating or better from Standards & Poor’s or Moody’s, respectively. In accordance with our standard practice, our commodity derivatives are subject to counterparty netting under agreements governing such derivatives which partially mitigates the counterparty nonperformance risk. |