Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements presented herein, and discussed below, have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. In accordance with those rules and regulations certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in comprehensive consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP. These condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in AgeX’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. The accompanying condensed consolidated interim financial statements, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of AgeX’s financial condition and results of operations. The condensed consolidated results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year. For periods prior to August 30, 2018, To the extent AgeX does not have its own employees, human resources or facilities for its operations, BioTime or BioTime commonly controlled and consolidated subsidiaries provide certain employees for administrative or operational services, including laboratory space and administrative facilities, as necessary, for the benefit of AgeX, under a Shared Facilities and Services Agreement (the “Shared Facilities Agreement”) with BioTime (see Note 4). Accordingly, BioTime allocates expenses such as salaries and payroll related expenses incurred and paid on behalf of AgeX based on the amount of time that particular employees devote to AgeX affairs. Other expenses such as legal, accounting and financial reporting, marketing, and travel expenses are allocated to AgeX to the extent that those expenses are incurred by or on behalf of AgeX. BioTime also allocates certain overhead expenses such as rent and utilities, property taxes, insurance, laboratory expenses and supplies, telecommunications and other indirect expenses. These allocations are made based upon activity-based allocation drivers such as time spent, percentage of square feet of office or laboratory space used, headcount and percentage of personnel devoted to AgeX’s operations or management. Management evaluates the appropriateness of the allocations on a periodic basis and believes that this basis for allocation is reasonable. Juvenescence also provides the services of certain of its employees to AgeX on a cost reimbursement basis. See Note 4. Principles of consolidation AgeX’s condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of its subsidiaries. The following table reflects AgeX’s ownership, directly or through one or more subsidiaries, of the outstanding shares of its operating subsidiaries as of March 31, 2019. Subsidiary Field of Business AgeX Ownership Country ReCyte Therapeutics Early stage pre-clinical research and development involved in stem cell-derived endothelial and cardiovascular related progenitor cells for the treatment of vascular disorders, ischemic conditions and brown adipocytes for type-2 diabetes and obesity 94.8 % USA LifeMap Sciences (1) Biomedical, gene, and disease databases and tools 81.7 % USA (1) LifeMap Sciences includes LifeMap Sciences, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary LifeMap Sciences, Ltd. an Israeli company. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. As of March 31, 2019, AgeX consolidated its direct and indirect wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries because AgeX has the ability to control their operating and financial decisions and policies through its ownership, and the noncontrolling interest is reflected as a separate element of shareholders’ equity on AgeX’s consolidated balance sheets. Revenue recognition During the first quarter of 2018, AgeX adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) ASU 2014-09, Revenues from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) AgeX recognizes revenue in a manner that depicts the transfer of control of a product or a service to a customer and reflects the amount of the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for such product or service. In doing so, AgeX follows a five-step approach: (i) identify the contract with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the customer obtains control of the product or service. AgeX considers the terms of a contract and all relevant facts and circumstances when applying the revenue recognition standard. AgeX applies the revenue recognition standard, including the use of any practical expedients, consistently to contracts with similar characteristics and in similar circumstances. Subscription and advertising revenues GeneCards ® GeneCards ® MalaCards LifeMap Sciences’ performance obligations for subscriptions include a license of intellectual property related to its genetic information packages and premium genetic information tools. These licenses are deemed functional licenses that provide customers with a “right to access” to LifeMap Sciences’ intellectual property during the subscription period and, accordingly, revenue is recognized over a period of time, which is generally the subscription period. Payments are typically received at the beginning of a subscription period and revenue is recognized according to the type of subscription sold. For subscription contracts in which the subscription term commences before a payment is due, LifeMap Sciences records an accounts receivable as the subscription is earned over time and bills the customer according to the contract terms. LifeMap Sciences continuously monitors collections and payments from customers and maintains a provision for estimated credit losses and uncollectible accounts based upon its historical experience and any specific customer collection issues that have been identified. Amounts determined to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. LifeMap Sciences has not historically provided significant discounts, credits, concessions, or other incentives from the stated price in the contract as the prices are offered on a fixed fee basis for the type of subscription package being purchased. LifeMap Sciences may issue refunds only if the packages cease to be available for reasons beyond its control. In such an event, the customer will get a refund on a pro-rata basis. Both the customer and LifeMap Sciences expect the subscription packages to be available during the entire subscription period, and LifeMap Sciences has not experienced any significant issues with the availability of the product and has not issued any material refunds. Using the most likely amount method for estimating refunds under Topic 606, including historical experience, LifeMap Sciences determined that the single most likely amount of variable consideration for refunds is immaterial as LifeMap Sciences does not expect to pay any refunds. LifeMap Sciences performance obligations for advertising are overall advertising services and represent a series of distinct services. Contracts are typically less than a year in duration and the fees charged may include a combination of fixed and variable fees with the variable fees tied to click throughs to the customer’s products on their website. LifeMap Sciences allocates the variable consideration to each month the click through services occur and allocates the annual fee to the performance obligation period of the initial term of the contract because those amounts correspond to the value provided to the customer each month. For click-through advertising services, at the time the variable compensation is known and determinable, the service has been rendered. Revenue is recognized at that time. The annual fee is recognized over the initial subscription period because this is a service and the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit of LifeMap Sciences’ performance. LifeMap Sciences deferred subscription revenues primarily represent subscriptions for which cash payment has been received for the subscription term, but the subscription term has not been completed as of the balance sheet date. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, LifeMap Sciences recognized $345,000 and $239,000, respectively, in subscription and advertising revenues. As of March 31, 2019, there was $361,000 included in deferred revenues in the consolidated balance sheets which is expected to be recognized as subscription revenue over the next twelve months. LifeMap Sciences has licensed from third parties the databases and software it commercializes and has a contractual obligation to pay royalties to the licensor on subscriptions sold. These costs are included in cost of sales on the condensed consolidated statements of operations when the cash is received, and the royalty obligation is incurred as the royalty payments do not qualify for capitalization of costs to fulfill a contract under ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs - Contracts with Customers Grant revenues Research and Development Arrangements In September 2018, AgeX was awarded a grant of up to approximately $225,000 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The NIH grant provides funding for continued development of AgeX technologies for treating osteoporosis. The grant funds will be made available by the NIH as allowable expenses are incurred. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, AgeX incurred approximately $15,000 of allowable expenses under the NIH grant and recognized a corresponding amount of . AgeX had no grant revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Research and development Research and development expenses include both direct expenses incurred by AgeX or its subsidiaries and indirect overhead costs allocated by BioTime that benefit or support AgeX’s research and development functions. Direct research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs and related benefits, including stock-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets, outside consultants and suppliers, and license fees paid to third parties to acquire patents or licenses to use patents and other technology. Indirect research and development expenses allocated by BioTime to AgeX under the Shared Facilities Agreement (see Note 4), are primarily based on headcount or space occupied, as applicable, and include laboratory supplies, laboratory expenses, rent and utilities, common area maintenance, telecommunications, property taxes and insurance. Research and development expenses incurred and reimbursed by grants from third parties or governmental agencies, including service revenues from co-development projects with customers, if any and as applicable, approximate the respective revenues recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. General and administrative General and administrative expenses include both direct expenses incurred by AgeX and indirect overhead costs allocated by BioTime that benefit or support AgeX’s general and administrative functions. Direct general and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and related benefits, including stock-based compensation, for executive and corporate personnel, and professional and consulting fees. Indirect general and administrative expenses allocated by BioTime to AgeX under the Shared Facilities Agreement (see Note 4) are primarily based on headcount or space occupied, as applicable, and include costs for financial reporting and compliance, rent and utilities, common area maintenance, telecommunications, property taxes and insurance. Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to AgeX common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common shares outstanding, net of unvested restricted stock or restricted stock units, subject to repurchase by AgeX, if any, during the period. Diluted loss per share is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to AgeX common stockholders, if any, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, adjusted for the effects of potentially dilutive common shares issuable under outstanding stock options and warrants, using the treasury-stock method, and convertible preferred stock, if any, using the if-converted method . For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, b The following weighted average common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per common share for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, (unaudited) 2019 2018 Stock options 2,401 1,302 Warrants (1) - 1,474 Restricted stock units 12 - (1) The warrants were either exercised or expired on March 18, 2019 (see Note 5). Recently adopted accounting pronouncements Leases On January 1, 2019, AgeX adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted improvements, AgeX management determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Leases are classified as either financing or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the consolidated statements of operations. When determining whether a lease is a financing lease or an operating lease, ASC 842 does not specifically define criteria to determine “major part of remaining economic life of the underlying asset” and “substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset.” For lease classification determination, AgeX continues to use (i) 75% or greater to determine whether the lease term is a major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset and (ii) 90% or greater to determine whether the present value of the sum of lease payments is substantially of the fair value of the underlying asset. Under the available practical expedients, and as applicable, AgeX accounts for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. AgeX recognizes right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities for leases with terms greater than twelve months in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. ROU assets represent an entity’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and lease liabilities represent an entity’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. If the lease agreement does not provide an implicit rate in the contract, an entity uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the entity will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Upon adoption of ASC 842 and based on the practical expedients available under that standard, AgeX did not reassess any expired or existing contracts, reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases and reassess initial direct costs for exiting leases. AgeX also elected not to capitalize leases that have terms of twelve months or less. The adoption of ASC 842 had no impact on AgeX’s consolidated balance sheets as AgeX did not have operating leases as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (see Note 4). AgeX’s new sublease discussed in Note 9, which commenced on April 2, 2019, will be subject to ASC 842 and AgeX will recognize this lease as a right-of-use asset and operating lease liability on its balance sheet in accordance with ASC 842 in the second quarter of 2019. Stock-based compensation In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting Reclassifications A reclassification was made from amounts included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities to related party payables, net, on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 to conform and be comparable to the presentation on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019. The reclassification had no impact to the condensed consolidated financial statements for any period presented. Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted The recently issued accounting pronouncements applicable to AgeX that are not yet effective should be read in conjunction with the recently issued accounting pronouncements, as applicable and disclosed in AgeX’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement |