Revenue From Contracts With Customers | Revenue From Contracts With Customers A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to a customer, and is the unit of account under ASU 2014-09, codified in ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts With Customers . As discussed in Note 1, we adopted ASC 606 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method. All of our revenue is derived from contracts with customers and is reported as net revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. We recognize revenue from the products and services we provide in accordance with the five-step process outlined in ASC 606. We recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control of a product or service to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive. This revenue can be recognized at a point in time or over time. We invoice customers based on our contractual arrangements with each customer, which may not be consistent with the period that revenues are recognized. When there is a timing difference between when we invoice customers and when revenues are recognized, we record either a contract asset (accounts receivable) or a contract liability (deferred revenue or unearned revenue), as appropriate. See further discussion related to contract assets and liabilities below. The majority of our revenue arrangements generally consist of a single performance obligation to transfer promised goods or services. Based on our evaluation process and review of our contracts with customers, in most circumstances the timing and amount of revenue recognized under the new guidance is consistent with our past revenue recognition policy. The majority of our annual revenues are recognized either at the point of sale or upon delivery and customer acceptance, paid for at the time of sale in cash, credit card, or on account with health care plans and programs located throughout the United States (“managed care”) having terms generally between 14 and 120 days, with most paying within 90 days. Revenues recognized over time primarily include product protection plans, eyecare club memberships and management fees earned from our legacy partner. Refer to Note 8 for the Company’s disaggregation of net revenue by reportable segment. As the reportable segments are aligned by similar economic factors, trends and customers, this disaggregation view best depicts how the nature, amount, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The following disaggregation of revenues depicts our revenues based on the timing of revenue recognition. Disaggregation of Revenues: In thousands Three Months Ended Revenues recognized at a point in time $ 372,765 Revenues recognized over time 35,210 Total net revenue $ 407,975 Revenues Recognized at a Point in Time The revenues include 1) retail sales of prescription and non-prescription eyewear, contact lenses, and related accessories to retail customers (including those covered by managed care), 2) eye exams and 3) wholesale sales of inventory in which our customer is another retail entity. Owned & Host Within our owned & host segment, product revenues include sales of prescription and non-prescription eyewear, contact lenses and related accessories to retail customers. For sales of in-store non-prescription eyewear and related accessories, we recognize revenue at the point of sale. For sales of prescription eyewear, we recognize revenue when the performance obligations identified under the terms of contracts with our customers are satisfied, which generally occurs, for products, when those products have been delivered and accepted by our customers. Revenue is recognized net of sales taxes and returns. The returns allowance is based on historical return patterns. Provisions for estimated returns are established and the expected costs continue to be recognized as contra-revenue per ASC 606 when the products are sold. At our America’s Best brand, our lead offer is two pairs of eyeglasses and a free eye exam for one low price (“two-pair deal”). Since an eye exam is a key component in the ability for acceptable prescription eyewear to be delivered to a customer, we concluded that the eye exam service, while capable of being distinct from the eyeglass product delivery, was not distinct in the context of the two-pair deal. As a result, we do not allocate revenue to the eye exam associated with the two-pair deal, and we record all revenue associated with the offer in owned & host net product sales when the customer has received and accepted the merchandise. Within our owned & host segment services and plans revenues, eye exam services revenues sold on a stand-alone basis are also recognized at the point of sale which occurs immediately after the exam is performed. Legacy Within our legacy segment, product revenues include 1) sales of prescription and non-prescription eyewear, contact lenses and related accessories to retail customers in transactions where the retail customer uses a managed-care payor, and 2) wholesale sales of the same inventory types to the legacy partner. The revenue recognition for the retail sales are identical to similar sales in the owned & host segment. Wholesale sales of inventory to the legacy partner are recognized at the point in time when control of the inventory has been transferred in accordance with the contractual terms and conditions of sale. Since the wholesale sales of inventory to the legacy partner are a separate performance obligation in our management and services agreement with the legacy partner, we considered the appropriate allocation of consideration to wholesale inventory sales. We concluded that the difference between the stand-alone-selling price of the wholesale inventory and the contractual prices was not material. Within our legacy segment services and plans revenues, eye exam services sold to retail customers covered by a managed care payor are recognized identically to similar sales in the owned & host segment. Corporate/Other Revenues from our non-reportable corporate/other segment are attributable to wholly owned subsidiaries Arlington Contact Lens Services, Inc. (“AC Lens”) and FirstSight Vision Services, Inc. (“FirstSight”). AC Lens sells contact lenses and optical accessory products to retail customers through e-commerce. AC Lens also distributes contact lenses to Walmart and Sam’s Club under fee for services arrangements, reports revenue on a gross basis and is the principal in the arrangement since AC Lens controls the products in those transactions before the products are transferred to the customer. FirstSight issues individual vision care benefit plans in connection with our America’s Best operations in California, and provides or arranges for the provision of optometric services at certain optometric offices next to Walmart and Sam’s Club stores in California. Revenues Recognized Over Time Owned & Host Within our Owned & Host segment, services and plans revenues include revenues from product protection plans (i.e. warranties), eyecare club memberships and HMO membership fees. We offer extended warranty plans in our Owned & Host segment that generally provide for repair and replacement of eyeglasses for primarily a one-year term after purchase. We recognize service revenue under these programs on a straight-line basis over the warranty or service period which is consistent with our efforts expended to satisfy the obligation. Amounts collected in advance for these programs are reported as deferred revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. We offer three- and five-year eyecare club memberships in our Owned & Host segment to our contact lens customers. For these plans we apply the guidance in ASC 606 to a portfolio of contracts with similar characteristics. We use estimates and assumptions when accounting for a portfolio that reflect the size and composition of the portfolio of contracts. We selected the portfolio approach because our historical club membership data demonstrated that our club customers behave similarly, such that the difference between the portfolio approach and applying ASC 606 to each contract is not material. We recognize revenue across the contract portfolio based on the value delivered to the customers relative to the remaining services promised under the membership program. We determine the value delivered based on the expected timing and amount of customer usage of eyecare club benefits over the terms of the contracts. Under previous guidance, we recognized revenue for eyecare club memberships on a ratable basis over the service period. Under the new guidance the timing of revenue for three- and five-year eyecare club memberships will be accelerated when compared to straight-line amortization. This change is not expected to have a significant impact on our ongoing consolidated results of operations. The cumulative effect and the impact on revenues is described in the impact section below. Legacy Sales of services and plans in our legacy segment include fees earned for managing the operations of our legacy partner. These fees are recorded on a net basis and are based primarily on sales of products and product protection plans to non-managed care customers. We determined that under the terms of the arrangement our legacy partner controls the products and services in the transaction with the retail customer and therefore we act as the agent in those transactions. We recognize this service revenue using the “right to invoice” method allowed under ASC 606 because our right to payment corresponds directly with the value of the management services provided to our legacy partner. Impact on Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements The cumulative effect of applying ASC 606 to the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 was as follows: In thousands As Previously Reported Net Adjustments Current Presentation Current liabilities: Deferred Revenue $ 62,993 $ (13,984 ) $ 49,009 Total current liabilities $ 211,309 $ (13,984 ) $ 197,325 Other non-current liabilities: Deferred Revenue $ 31,222 $ (11,792 ) $ 19,430 Deferred income taxes, net $ 73,648 $ 6,604 $ 80,252 Total other non-current liabilities $ 150,914 $ (5,188 ) $ 145,726 Stockholders' equity: Retained earnings $ 37,145 $ 19,172 $ 56,317 Total stockholders' equity $ 659,588 $ 19,172 $ 678,760 The following table summarizes the cumulative effect of adoption of ASC 606 on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2018 , which reflects the change in timing of revenue recognition relating to eyecare club memberships. In thousands With ASC 606 Adoption Without ASC 606 Adoption Impact of Adoption Current liabilities: Deferred Revenue $ 52,500 $ 67,303 $ (14,803 ) Total current liabilities $ 221,663 $ 236,466 $ (14,803 ) Other non-current liabilities: Deferred Revenue $ 20,200 $ 31,992 $ (11,792 ) Deferred income taxes, net $ 87,282 $ 80,468 $ 6,814 Total other non-current liabilities $ 149,614 $ 154,592 $ (4,978 ) Stockholders' equity: Retained earnings $ 81,219 $ 61,438 $ 19,781 Total stockholders' equity $ 711,275 $ 691,494 $ 19,781 The following table summarizes the impact of adoption on the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 : In thousands, except earnings per share With ASC 606 Adoption Without ASC 606 Adoption Impact of Adoption Net sales of services and plans $ 69,198 $ 68,379 $ 819 Total net revenue $ 407,975 $ 407,156 $ 819 Income from operations $ 39,643 $ 38,824 $ 819 Earnings before income taxes $ 30,330 $ 29,511 $ 819 Income tax provision $ 5,283 $ 5,493 $ (210 ) Net income $ 25,047 $ 24,438 $ 609 Earnings per share: Basic $ 0.34 $ 0.33 $ 0.01 Diluted $ 0.32 $ 0.31 $ 0.01 There were no other material impacts on our condensed consolidated financial statements as a result of our adoption of this new guidance. Contract Assets and Liabilities The Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities primarily result from timing differences between the performance of our obligations and the customer’s payment. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable associated with revenues consist primarily of trade receivables and credit card receivables. Trade receivables consist primarily of receivables from managed care payers and receivables from major retailers. Trade receivables and credit card receivables are included in accounts receivable, net, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, and are presented separately in Note 2. “Details of Certain Balance Sheet Accounts.” Accounts receivable are reduced by allowances for amounts that may become uncollectible. Estimates of our allowance for uncollectible accounts are based on our historical and current operating, billing, and collection trends. Impairment losses recognized on our receivables were approximately $1.6 million and $1.1 million in the first quarter of fiscal years 2018 and 2017 , respectively. There was no impact of adoption of ASC 606 on accounts receivable, net. Unsatisfied Performance Obligations (Contract Liabilities) Our retail customers generally make payments for prescription eyewear products at the time they place an order. Amounts we collect in advance for undelivered merchandise are reported as unearned revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Unearned revenue at the end of a reporting period is estimated based on delivery times throughout the current month and generally ranges from four to 10 days. All unearned revenue at the end of a reporting period is recognized in the next fiscal period. There was no impact of adoption of ASC 606 on our unearned revenue accounts. Our contract liabilities also consist of deferred revenue on services and plans obligations, primarily product protection plans and eyecare club memberships. The unamortized portion of amounts we collect in advance for these services and plans are reported as deferred revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets (current and non- current portions). Our deferred revenue balance as of March 31, 2018 was $72.7 million . We expect future revenue recognition of this balance of $44.7 million , $20.0 million , $7.3 million , $0.6 million and $0.1 million in fiscal years 2018 , 2019 , 2020 , 2021 , and 2022 respectively. We recognized $25.9 million of previously deferred revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2018 . |