Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of the Company and Old Catheter. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The financial results of Old Catheter are included in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of completion of the Merger, to September 30, 2023. Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP"). Certain footnotes and other financial information normally required by U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, such statements include all adjustments which are considered necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company The operating results presented herein are not necessarily an indication of the results that may be expected for the year. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 28, 2023. Use of Estimates The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are based upon a number of estimates including, but not limited to, the accounting for the Old Catheter business combination (see Note 3, Business Combination), allowance for credit losses, evaluation of impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill, valuation of long-lived assets and their associated estimated useful lives, reserves for warranty costs, fair value of royalties payable, evaluation of probable loss contingencies, fair value of preferred stock and warrants issued, and the fair value of equity awards granted. Concentrations of Credit Risk The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash equivalents represent highly liquid investments with maturities of 90 days or less at the date of purchase. Credit risk related to cash and cash equivalents are based on the creditworthiness of the financial institutions at which these funds are held. The Company has cash balances at financial institutions which throughout the year may exceed the federally insured limit of $250,000. Any loss incurred or a lack of access to such funds could have a significant adverse impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. To reduce its risk associated with the failure of such financial institution, the Company evaluates the rating of the financial institution in which it holds deposits. Any material loss that the Company may experience in the future could have an adverse effect on its ability to pay its operational expenses or make other payments and may require the Company to move its cash to other high quality financial institutions. Currently, the Company is reviewing its bank relationships in order to mitigate its risk to ensure that its exposure is limited or reduced to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation protection limits. The Company extends credit to customers in the normal course of business. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable exist to the full extent of amounts presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company does not require collateral from its customers to secure accounts receivable. The Company has no significant off-balance sheet risk such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts, or other hedging arrangements. Segment Reporting The Company operates in one business segment, which is the marketing, sales and development of medical technologies focused in the field of cardiac electrophysiology. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents primarily represent funds invested in readily available checking and money market accounts. The Company maintains deposits in financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits of $250,000, in the amount of $5.1 million at September 30, 2023. Fair Value Measurements Fair value represents the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants and is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. A three-tier fair value hierarchy is used to identify inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: Level 1 - Observable inputs that reflect quoted market prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets; Level 2 - Inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly in the marketplace for identical or similar assets and liabilities; and Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market data, which require the Company to develop its own assumptions. Cash equivalents, prepaid expenses, trade accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses are reported on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets at carrying value which approximates fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The following table details the fair value measurements within the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments, which includes the Level 3 liabilities: Fair value at September 30, 2023 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets: Cash equivalents Mutual fund $ 5,397 $ 5,397 $ - $ - Money Market fund 1 1 - - Total assets $ 5,398 $ 5,398 $ - $ - Liabilities: Royalties payable $ 8,848 $ - $ - $ 8,848 Total liabilities $ 8,848 $ - $ - $ 8,848 Fair value at December 31, 2022 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets: Cash equivalents Mutual fund $ 300 $ 300 $ - $ - Money Market fund 1,436 1,436 - - Total assets $ 1,736 $ 1,736 $ - $ - Accounts Receivable Trade accounts receivable are presented net of allowances for credit losses. Prior to the Legacy Ra Medical’s discontinuation of sales of catheters in June 2022, Legacy Ra Medical sold its catheters directly to distributors or physicians and maintained an allowance for credit losses for balances that appeared to have specific collection issues. The collection process was based on the age of the invoice and required attempted contacts with the customer at specified intervals. Delinquent accounts receivable were charged against the allowance for credit losses once the Company determined the amounts were uncollectible. The factors considered in reaching this determination were the apparent financial condition of the customer and the Company’s success in contacting and negotiating with the customer. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers deteriorated, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances might have been required. As a result of and in connection with the Merger, the Company's revenue streams are derived from Old Catheter’s revenue streams, and as such the accounts receivable policy for the post-Merger entity is described below. Accounts receivable are derived from the sale of products shipped and services performed for customers primarily located in the U.S. and Europe. Invoices are aged based on contractual terms with the customer. The Company reviews accounts receivable for collectability and provides an allowance for potential credit losses. Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 to 90 days. The Company has not experienced material losses related to accounts receivable as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Many of the sales contracts with customers outside of the U.S. are settled in a foreign currency other than the U.S. dollar. The Company does not enter into any foreign currency hedging agreements and is susceptible to gains and losses from foreign currency fluctuations. To date, the Company has not experienced significant gains or losses upon collecting receivables denominated in a foreign currency. The Company records accounts receivable at the invoiced amount less an allowance for any expected uncollectible accounts. In evaluating the Company’s ability to collect outstanding receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, collection history, and current economic trends. Bad debts are written off after all reasonable collection efforts have been made. Accounts receivable consists of the following: September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Trade accounts receivable $ 198 $ 152 Less: Reserve for expected credit losses/ Allowance for doubtful accounts 152 152 Accounts receivable, net $ 46 $ - As of September 30, 2023, the entire allowance for credit losses is related to Legacy Ra Medical receivables. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. Cost includes materials, labor and manufacturing overhead related to the purchase and production of inventories. The Company reduced the carrying value of inventories for those items that were potentially excess, obsolete or slow-moving based on changes in customer demand, technological developments or other economic factors. Effective June 6, 2022, the Company’s board of directors approved a staggered reduction in force (“RIF”). On September 2, 2022, the Company completed the RIF. The purpose of the RIF was to preserve capital with the goal of maximizing the opportunities available to the Company in furtherance of the board of directors’ review of strategic alternatives. As a result of the RIF, the Company paused all engineering and manufacturing activities during the third quarter of 2022. Prior to the RIF (as defined above), the Legacy Ra Medical’s catheters were manufactured in-house and each catheter was tested at various stages of the manufacturing process for adherence to quality standards. Catheters that did not meet functionality specification at each test point were destroyed and immediately written off, with the expense recorded in cost of revenues in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Once manufactured, completed catheters that passed quality assurance, were sent to a third-party for sterilization and sealed in a sterile container. Upon return from the third-party sterilizer, a sample of catheters from each batch were re-tested. If the sample tests were successful, the batch was accepted into finished goods inventory. If the sample tests were unsuccessful, the entire batch was written off, with the expense recorded in cost of revenues in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives as follows: Machinery and equipment 2-5 years Computer hardware and software 2-5 years VIVO DEMO/Clinical Systems 2 years Furniture and fixtures 5 years Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the useful life of the leasehold improvement or the term of the underlying property’s lease. The Company periodically reviews the residual values and estimated useful lives of each class of its property and equipment for ongoing reasonableness, considering long-term views on its intended use of each class of property and equipment and the planned level of improvements to maintain and enhance assets within those classes. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the account balances and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in income for the period. The cost of repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred, whereas significant betterments are capitalized. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company periodically reviews its long-lived assets for impairment when certain events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the long-lived assets may not be recoverable. Should the sum of the undiscounted expected future net cash flows be less than the carrying value, the Company would recognize an impairment loss at that date. Due to Legacy Ra Medical’s RIF and the decision to discontinue enrollment of patients in its clinical trial, the Company ceased manufacturing activities. The Company’s property and equipment was determined to be impaired as of June 30, 2022, resulting in an impairment charge of $1.5 million which was based on the actual cash proceeds received upon the disposal of the property and equipment in July 2022. The impairment charge of $1.5 million is included in restructuring and impairment charges in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Goodwill In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles Goodwill and Other To determine whether goodwill is impaired, annually or more frequently if needed, the Company performs a multi-step impairment test. The Company first has the option to assess qualitative factors to determine if it is more likely than not that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. The Company may also elect to skip the qualitative testing and proceed directly to the quantitative testing. When performing quantitative testing, the Company first estimates the fair values of its reporting units using a combination of an income and market approach. To determine fair values, the Company is required to make assumptions about a wide variety of internal and external factors. Significant assumptions used in the impairment analysis include financial projections of free cash flow (including significant assumptions about operations including the rate of future revenue growth, capital requirements, and income taxes), long-term growth rates for determining terminal value and discount rates. Comparative market multiples are used to corroborate the results of the discounted cash flow test. These assumptions require significant judgement. Pursuant to Accounting Standards Update (''ASU'') 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, the single step is to determine the estimated fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill. To the extent the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied goodwill, the difference is the amount of the goodwill impairment. The Company also completes a reconciliation between the implied equity valuation prepared and the Company’s market capitalization. The majority of the inputs used in the discounted cash flow model are unobservable and thus are considered to be Level 3 inputs. The inputs for the market capitalization calculation are considered Level 1 inputs. There were impairment charges of $60.9 million recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (see Note 3, Business Combination and Note 7, Goodwill, for additional details). Royalties Liability The Company is obligated to pay royalties under various royalty agreements Old Cather had entered into. On January 9, 2023, prior to the consummation of the Merger, Old Catheter entered in an agreement with its Convertible Promissory Noteholders (“Noteholders”), which substantially consisted of amounts due to David A. Jenkins, previously Old Catheter's Chairman of the Board of Directors prior to the Merger, and, currently, the Company’s Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors, to forgive all accrued interest and future interest expense in exchange for a future royalty right. The Company will pay to the Noteholders a total royalty equal to approximately 12% of net sales of LockeT, commencing upon the first commercial sale, through December 31, 2035. In addition, Old Catheter had entered into an agreement with the inventor of LockeT in exchange for the assignment and all rights to LockeT, the Company will pay a 5% royalty on net sales up to $1 million in royalties and then 2% on LockeT net sales if a patent is granted. After $1 million has been paid, and if, and only if, a U.S. patent is granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office, then the Company will continue to pay a royalty at a rate of 2% of LockeT net sales, until total cumulative royalties of $10 million have been paid (see Note 9, Royalties ). During 2006 and 2007, Old Catheter entered into two investment grant agreements with a non-profit foundation for the purpose of funding the initial development of Old Catheter's AMIGO System. The agreement calls for the payment to the foundation, upon successful commercialization of the AMIGO System (see Note 9, Royalties Payable). As of the date of the Merger, the royalties payable has an estimated fair value of approximately $14.2 million and $8.8 million as of September 30, 2023. At each reporting period, the fair value is calculated using a discounted cash flow method utilizing a discount rate which was 24.1% at January 9, 2023 and 31.0% at September 30, 2023. Product Warranty The Legacy Ra Medical products were warrantied against defects in material and workmanship when properly used for their intended purpose and appropriately maintained. Accordingly, the Company generally replaced catheters that kinked or failed to calibrate. The product warranty liability was determined based on historical information such as past experience, product failure rates or number of units repaired, estimated cost of material and labor. The product warranty liability also includes the estimated costs of a product recall. The warranty accrual is included in accrued expenses in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Warranty expenses are included in cost of revenues in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Changes in estimates to previously established warranty accruals resulted from current period updates to assumptions regarding repair and product recall costs and are included in current period warranty expense. Derivative Financial Instruments The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to interest rate, market, or foreign currency risks. The Company evaluates all of its financial instruments to determine if such instruments contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. Embedded derivatives must be separately measured from the host contract if all the requirements for bifurcation are met. The assessment of the conditions surrounding the bifurcation of embedded derivatives depends on the nature of the host contract. Bifurcated embedded derivatives are recognized at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in the statements of operations for each period. Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity The Company relies on the guidance provided by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity Once the Company determines that a financial instrument should not be classified as a liability, the Company determines whether the financial instrument should be presented between the liability section and the equity section of the balance sheet (“mezzanine equity”). The Company will determine temporary equity classification if the redemption of the financial instrument is outside the control of the Company (i.e. at the option of the holder). Otherwise, the Company accounts for the financial instrument as permanent equity. Revenue Recognition The Company applies the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers The Company measures revenue based upon the consideration specified in the client arrangement, and revenue is recognized when the performance obligations in the client arrangement are satisfied. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct service to the customer. The transaction price of a contract is allocated to each distinct performance obligation. Under Topic 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods. To achieve this core principal, the Company applies the following five steps: Step 1: Identify the contract with the customer Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract Step 3: Determine the transaction price Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract Step 5: Recognize revenue when the Company satisfies a performance obligation Subsequent to the Merger, the Company’s primary product is the VIVO System. The VIVO System offers 3D cardiac mapping to help with localizing the sites of origin of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias in patients with structurally normal hearts prior to electrophysiology studies. In addition to the VIVO System, customers are provided with VIVO Positioning Patch Sets, which are custom patches, that are used in conjunction with the VIVO System to complete the intended output of the VIVO System. The delivery of the VIVO System, including the VIVO Positioning Patch Sets represents the Company’s primary performance obligation. The Company recognizes revenue upon the delivery of the VIVO system. The Company also provides customers with the option to pay for software upgrades in advance at the time of the contract's inception. Software upgrades are stand-ready services, whereby the Company will provide software upgrade services to the customer when and as upgrades are available. Terms of the period covered by the payment of software upgrades in advance can range from one year to multiple years. Customers have the option to renew terms covered by software upgrades at the end of each term. The stand-ready software upgrades represent the Company's second separate performance obligation and revenue is recognized over the term of the period. The Company invoices the customers after physical possession and control of the VIVO System is transferred to the customer and recognizes revenue upon delivery. The timing of payment for the corresponding invoices is dependent upon the credit terms identified in each contract. The Company invoices customers who pay for software upgrades in advance in conjunction with the invoice for the delivery of the VIVO System, and subsequent renewals of software upgrades are invoiced at the inception of the term. Revenue for these stand-ready services is recognized evenly over the term of the upgrade period, consistently with similar stand-ready services under Topic 606. Similar to the delivery of the VIVO System, the timing of payment for the corresponding invoices is dependent upon the credit terms identified in each contract. Legacy Ra Medical Revenue The Company generated revenue from the sales of products and services. Product sales consisted of the sales of catheters for use with the DABRA laser system. The Company paused selling commercial products in late 2020 and was only selling catheters for use in the atherectomy clinical trial prior to the discontinuation of such sales in June 2022. The Company’s sales agreements generally did not include right-of-return provisions for any form of consideration, including partial refund or credit against amounts owed to the Company. Services and other revenues primarily consisted of billable services, including fees related to DABRA laser commercial usage agreements. The Company accounted for a contract with a customer when it had a legally enforceable contract with the customer, the arrangement identified the rights of the parties, the contract had commercial substance, and the Company determined it was probable that it would collect the contract consideration. The Company recognized revenue when control of the promised goods or services transferred to customers, in an amount that reflected the consideration the Company expected to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Taxes collected from customers relating to goods or services and remitted to governmental authorities were excluded from revenue. When engaged in commercial sales, the Company entered into a DABRA laser commercial usage agreement or DABRA laser placement acknowledgement with each customer that was supplied a DABRA laser, collectively the “usage agreement”, which provided for specific terms of continued use of the DABRA laser, including a nominal periodic fee. The terms of a usage agreement typically allowed the Company to place a DABRA laser at a customer’s specified location without a specified contract term. Under the usage agreement terms, the Company retained all ownership rights to the DABRA laser and was permitted to request the return of the equipment within 10 business days of notification. While the laser periodic fees were nominal, the usage agreement provided the Company the exclusive rights to supply related single-use catheters to the customer which aggregated the majority of the product sales revenue. There were no specified minimum purchase commitments for the catheters. The Company recognized revenue associated with the usage agreements and catheter supply arrangements in accordance with Topic 606 since (i) the contract primarily included variable payments, (ii) the catheters were priced at their standalone selling price, and (iii) the laser equipment was insignificant in the context of the contract. Revenue was recognized when the performance obligation was satisfied which was generally upon shipment of the catheter. The Company did not pursue sales for Legacy Ra Medial products during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The following table summarizes disaggregated product sales by geographic area: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Product sales US $ 110 $ - $ 241 $ 14 Europe 23 - 73 - $ 133 $ - $ 314 $ 14 Shipping and Handling Costs Shipping and handling costs charged to customers are included in net product sales, while all other shipping and handling costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Advertising and Marketing Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in sales and marketing expense. Advertising costs were $309 thousand and $914 thousand during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Advertising costs were $4 thousand and $142 thousand during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Patents The Company expenses patent costs, including related legal costs, as incurred and records such costs as selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Research and Development Major components of research and development costs include personnel expenses, consulting, supplies and clinical trial expenses. Research and development expenses are charged to operations in the period incurred. Stock-Based Compensation The Company records stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options, restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) issued to employees, members of the Company’s board of directors and consultants in accordance with the authoritative guidance for stock-based compensation. The Company evaluates whether an award should be classified and accounted for as a liability award or equity award for all stock-based compensation awards granted. The cost of an award of an equity instrument is measured at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award using the Black-Scholes option pricing valuation model (“Black-Scholes model”) which incorporates various assumptions including expected term, volatility and risk-free interest rate, and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award. Share-based compensation for an award with a performance condition is recognized when the achievement of such performance condition is determined to be probable. If the outcome of such performance condition is not determined to be probable or is not met, no compensation expense is recognized, and any previously recognized compensation expense is reversed. Forfeitures are recognized as a reduction of stock-based compensation expense as they occur. As a result of the Merger, all unvested Old Catheter stock options were subject to accelerated vesting and therefore became fully vested, as of the closing date of the business combination. The Company recognized the fair value of the replacement options as included in consideration transferred to the extent they do not exceed the fair value of the equivalent Old Catheter options. Any incremental fair value was recognized in compensation expense in the post-combination period, with this recognized as a Day 1 expense due to the Old Catheter options becoming fully vested concurrent with the closing of the business combination. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences reverse. Any resulting net deferred tax assets are evaluated for recoverability and, accordingly, a valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes using a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining whether it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. An uncertain tax position is considered effectively settled on completion of an examination by a taxing authority if certain other conditions are satisfied. Should the Company incur interest and penalties relating to tax uncertainties, such amounts would be classified as a component of interest expense and other expense, respectively. Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share of Common Stock The Company calculates basic net loss per share by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. A net loss cannot be diluted so when the Company is in a net loss position, basic and diluted loss per common share are the same. If in the future the Company achieves profitability, the denominator of a diluted earnings per common share calculation will include both the weighted average number of shares outstanding and the number of common stock equivalents, if the inclusion of such common stock equivalents would be dilutive. Anti-dilutive common stock equivalents excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share include warrants, stock options, non-vested restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, and Series X Convertible Preferred (see Note 11, Net loss per Share). Net loss attributable to common stockholders consists of net income or loss, as adjusted for actual and deemed dividends declared. The Company recorded a deemed dividend for the modification of existing warrants and issuance of new warrants during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 of $0 and $0.8 million, respectively. The deemed dividend is added to the net loss |