UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form10-K
| ☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number:001-38310
REGALWOOD GLOBAL ENERGY LTD.
(Exact name of registrants as specified in its charters)
| Cayman Islands | N/A | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) | |
1001 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Suite 220 South Washington, D.C. | 20004 | |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | |
Registrant’s telephone number: (202)729-5626
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class: | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered: | |
Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share Warrants to purchase one Class A ordinary share Units, each consisting of one Class A ordinary share andone-third of one Warrant | New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of RegulationS-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of RegulationS-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form10-K or any amendment to this Form10-K. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, anon-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☒ | |||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☒ | |||
| Emerging growth company | ☒ | |||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☒ No ☐
As of March 15, 2019, 30,000,000 of the Company’s Class A ordinary shares (which includes Class A ordinary shares that are underlying the Company’s units) and 7,500,000 of the Company’s Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 (the “Class B ordinary shares”) were issued and outstanding.
As of June 29, 2018, the aggregate market value of the Class A ordinary shares held bynon-affiliates of the registrant was $292,800,000 (based on the closing sales price of the ordinary shares on June 29, 2018 of $9.76).
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CERTAIN TERMS
Unless otherwise stated in this Annual Report on Form10-K (this “Annual Report”), references to:
| • | “we,” “us,” “company” or “our company” are to Regalwood Global Energy Ltd.; |
| • | “Carlyle” are to Carlyle Investment Management, LLC, and any of its subsidiaries or affiliates serving as an investment adviser for the Carlyle Funds; |
| • | “Carlyle Funds” are to a family of investment funds and accounts advised by Carlyle; |
| • | “CIEP” are to Carlyle International Energy Partners, L.P., a private equity fund with an investment objective to make equity investments in energy companies (excluding power generation, transmission and renewable energy) that are primarily based or operating outside of North America; |
| • | “Companies Law” are to Companies Law (2018 Revision) of the Cayman Islands as the same may be amended from time to time; |
| • | “equity-linked securities” refer to any debt or equity securities that are convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for our Class A ordinary shares issued in a financing transaction in connection with our initial business combination, including, but not limited to, a private placement of equity or debt; |
| • | “forward purchase agreement” are to an agreement that provides for the sale of our Class A ordinary shares and warrants to our sponsor and its permitted transferees in a private placement that will close substantially concurrently with the closing of our initial business combination; |
| • | “forward purchase securities” are to the forward purchase shares and the forward purchase warrants; |
| • | “forward purchase shares” are to our Class A ordinary shares to be issued pursuant to the forward purchase agreement; |
| • | “forward purchase units” are to one forward purchase share andone-third of one forward purchase warrant; |
| • | “forward purchase warrants” are to warrants to purchase our Class A ordinary shares to be issued pursuant to the forward purchase agreement; |
| • | “forward transferee” are to any entity to which our sponsor transfers any portion of its obligation to purchase the forward purchase securities under the forward purchase agreement; |
| • | “founder shares” are to our Class B ordinary shares initially issued to our sponsor in a private placement prior to our initial public offering and the Class A ordinary shares that will be issued upon the automatic conversion of the Class B ordinary shares at the time of our initial business combination (for the avoidance of doubt, such Class A ordinary shares will not be “public shares”); |
| • | “management” or our “management team” are to our officers and directors; |
| • | “ordinary shares” are to our Class A ordinary shares and our Class B ordinary shares; |
| • | “private placement warrants” are to the warrants issued to our sponsor in a private placement substantially concurrently with the closing of our initial public offering and upon conversion of working capital loans, if any; |
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| • | “public shares” are to our Class A ordinary shares sold as part of the units in our initial public offering (whether they were purchased in our initial public offering or thereafter in the open market); |
| • | “public shareholders” are to the holders of our public shares, including, without limitation, our sponsor and members of our management team to the extent our sponsor and/or members of our management team have purchased public shares, provided that our sponsor and each member of our management team’s status as a “public shareholder” shall only exist with respect to such public shares; |
| • | “public warrants” are to warrants included in the units sold in our initial public offering, each whole warrant exercisable for one Class A ordinary share at an exercise price of $11.50 per share; |
| • | “units” are to the units issued in our initial public offering, consisting of one Class A ordinary share andone-third of one warrant, to purchase one Class A ordinary share; and |
| • | “sponsor” are to CIEP Sponsor Ltd., which is an investment vehicle of CIEP. |
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report, including, without limitation, statements under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the words “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “potential,” “projects,” “predicts,” “continue,” or “should,” or, in each case, their negative or other variations or comparable terminology. There can be no assurance that actual results will not materially differ from expectations. Such statements include, but are not limited to, any statements relating to our ability to consummate any acquisition or other business combination and any other statements that are not statements of current or historical facts. These statements are based on management’s current expectations, but actual results may differ materially due to various factors, including, but not limited to:
| • | our ability to complete our initial business combination; |
| • | our success in retaining or recruiting, or changes required in, our officers, key employees or directors following our initial business combination; |
| • | our officers and directors allocating their time to other businesses and potentially having conflicts of interest with our business or in approving our initial business combination, as a result of which they would then receive expense reimbursements; |
| • | our potential ability to obtain additional financing to complete our initial business combination; |
| • | our pool of prospective target businesses; |
| • | failure to maintain the listing on, or the delisting of our securities from, the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) or an inability to have our securities listed on NYSE or another national securities exchange following our initial business combination; |
| • | the ability of our officers and directors to generate a number of potential investment opportunities; |
| • | our public securities’ potential liquidity and trading; |
| • | the lack of a market for our securities; |
| • | the use of proceeds not held in the trust account or available to us from interest income on the trust account balance; |
| • | the trust account not being subject to claims of third parties; or |
| • | our financial performance. |
The forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. Future developments affecting us may not be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) and other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors described under the heading “Risk Factors.” Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws. These risks and others described under “Risk Factors” may not be exhaustive.
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By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and developments in the industry in which we operate may differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report. In addition, even if our results or operations, financial condition and liquidity, and developments in the industry in which we operate are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods.
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| Item 1. | Business |
Introduction
We are a blank check company incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company on September 14, 2017 and formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses, which we refer to throughout this Annual Report as our initial business combination. We are an investment vehicle of Carlyle International Energy Partners, L.P. (“CIEP”).
Carlyle operates one of the largest and most diversified Energy and Natural Resource alternative investment platforms in the world, with more than $27 billion in assets under management and 95 active portfolio companies focused across five distinct investment disciplines: International Energy (CIEP), North American Energy, North American Power, Global Infrastructure and Energy Mezzanine (collectively the “Carlyle Energy Platform”).
CIEP is Carlyle’s primary vehicle for international energy investing. The CIEP investment team includes 14 investment professionals who collectively bring more than 230 years of experience investing and operating energy businesses across CIEP’s targeted markets. CIEP currently holds or is committed to acquire a diversified portfolio of upstream, midstream and downstream assets spread across Europe, Latin America, Asia and Africa. The CIEP investment team led by Marcel Q. H. van Poecke (the “CIEP International Energy Investment Team”) is actively investing CIEP, a $2.5 billion fund, which had a 29% gross internal rate of return as of December 31, 2018. The CIEP International Energy Investment Team is primarily based in London.
We are led by Mr. van Poecke, Chairman of our Board of Directors, and Brooke B. Coburn, our President. Mr. van Poecke is both the Head of the CIEP International Energy Investment Team and the Chairman of our Board of Directors. Mr. van Poecke has more than 25 years of experience in the Energy sector, primarily as an entrepreneur, investor and executive manager. Mr. van Poecke is also the Chairman of Atlaslnvest group, a private holding and investment group. Mr. Coburn joined The Carlyle Group in 1996 and is currently a Managing Director, Chief Operating Officer of Carlyle’s Energy and Natural Resources Platform andCo-Head of Carlyle Growth Partners and Carlyle Equity Opportunity Fund, the US Middle Market Buyout and Growth Capital activities of The Carlyle Group. Mr. Coburn is also a member of the CIEP Investment Committee. None of CIEP, the CIEP International Energy Investment Team or the CIEP Investment Committee presently, other than our directors and officers, has any arrangement with, obligations or duties to us. For further information, please see “—Conflicts of Interest.”
In addition to the deep experience and capabilities of the CIEP International Energy Investment Team, CIEP also benefits from close coordination with the four other global energy investing disciplines that collectively constitute the Carlyle Energy Platform. A central objective of the Carlyle Energy Platform is to actively leverage deal flow, market intelligence, operating expertise, and other industry insights and capabilities across the different markets where Carlyle operates. Given the interconnected nature of global energy markets, where developments in one country or region can heavily impact commodity supply, demand and pricing in distant regions, Carlyle believes the scale and diversification of Carlyle’s integrated global platform provides it with valuable insights to inform its investing activities and create competitive advantages.
In addition to the Carlyle Energy Platform, CIEP also benefits from access to broader capabilities inherent in the Carlyle global investment platform (which we refer to as the “One Carlyle” capabilities) including:
| • | Global market capabilities resulting from 31 offices across six continents, led by local investment professionals with deep familiarity of local markets and language skills; |
| • | Industry insights from more than 637 investment professionals with deep sector expertise; |
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| • | Portfolio company operational improvement capabilities deriving from more than 26 seasoned operating executives with experience helping Carlyle to accelerate growth and profitability. Additionally, Carlyle portfolio companies have the ability to access the firm’s Leveraged Purchasing Forum, which leverages the firm’s scale and scope to drive best practices and procurement discounts across various functional areas; and |
| • | Carlyle is one of the largest private equity issuers of deal related debt globally, with an average of $30 billion in loan and bond issuance annually. The Carlyle Global Capital Markets team ensures the direct management of the syndication and placement of Carlyle’s paper, helping us achieve best in class terms and market execution. |
We believe the deep expertise of the CIEP International Energy Investment Team, combined with additional leverage from the Carlyle Energy Platform and the firm’s broader One Carlyle capabilities afford our management team distinct advantages in identifying an appropriate target company and driving future value creation.
We intend to generate superior capital appreciation through a focus on international energy opportunities where ahands-on operationally focused “transformational” investment thesis can be pursued. Specifically, we will seek to invest in fundamentally sound businesses that are underperforming their potential and could significantly benefit from our knowledge and operational experience in the international energy arena. We believe the CIEP International Energy Investment Team has the capability to deliver enhanced risk-adjusted returns for our shareholders through a variety of means, including, but not limited to, utilization of technical expertise, superior evaluation of project returns and better cost controls. Furthermore, we will evaluate opportunities to identify investments where we can effect an outsized positive transformation or augmentation of existing business or properties to maximize their overall value proposition to our shareholders.
We will seek to capitalize on the experience and expertise of the Investment Committee of CIEP, which includes William E. Conway, Jr.,Co-Founder,Co-Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director of The Carlyle Group, Daniel A. D’Aniello,Co-Founder and Chairman of The Carlyle Group, Glenn Youngkin, President and Chief Operating Officer of The Carlyle Group, Andrew Marino, Managing Director, and Brooke B. Coburn, Managing Director, Chief Operating Officer of The Carlyle Group’s Energy and Natural Resources platform, andCo-Head of Carlyle Growth Partners and Carlyle Equity Opportunity Fund, all of whom have extensive experience making energy investments together at The Carlyle Group over the past ten years. Kenneth Hersh,Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer of NGP Energy Capital Management, an international energy investor with a strong track record of successful energy investments, is also a member of the Investment Committee and brings over 25 years of experience to CIEP.
In addition, we believe our ability to complete an initial business combination will be enhanced by our having entered into the forward purchase agreement pursuant to which our sponsor agreed to purchase up to 25,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, plus up to 8,333,333 warrants, for an aggregate purchase price of up to $250,000,000 in a private placement that will close substantially concurrently with the closing of our initial business combination. Our sponsor will purchase a number of forward purchase units that will result in gross proceeds to us necessary to enable us to consummate our initial business combination and pay related fees and expenses, after first applying amounts available to us from the trust account (after paying the deferred underwriting discounts and commissions and giving effect to any redemptions of public shares) and any other financing source obtained by us for such purpose at or prior to the consummation of our initial business combination, plus any additional amounts mutually agreed by us and our sponsor to be retained by the post-business combination company for working capital or other purposes. These purchases will be made regardless of whether any Class A ordinary shares are redeemed by our public shareholders in connection with our initial business combination and are intended to provide us with a minimum funding level for our initial business combination.
Business Strategy
Our business and value creation strategy will be to identify, acquire and, after our initial business combination, build a company in the international energy sector, including any of the upstream, midstream, downstream or service sectors of the oil and gas industry that complements the
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experience of our management team and can benefit from our management team’s operational expertise. Our acquisition strategy leverages our team’s network of potential proprietary and public transaction sources where we believe a combination of our relationships, knowledge and experience in the energy industry could effect a positive transformation or augmentation of existing businesses or properties to improve their overall value proposition.
We believe that subsectors within the energy market are driven by global macro trends including economic growth and industrialization, which create increased global demand for hydrocarbons, energy infrastructure and supporting services. We believe that the focus of many investors on unconventional energy projects in North America has led to a dearth of capital for energy projects in the rest of the world, which will lead to attractive risk-adjusted return opportunities internationally. In addition, the following factors are contributing to increased international opportunities:
| • | over 70% of required oil and gas investments are made outside of the US, but over two thirds of capital raising has occurred in the US; |
| • | growing geographical mismatch between the location of oil and natural gas resources and main demand centers is set to drive an expansion of international trade; |
| • | a significant number of the lowest cost production basins are outside the United States; |
| • | limited access to debt and equity capital for energy projects outside the United States; |
| • | we believe that recent upstream project deferrals and cancellations should accelerate global oil production decline rates and create future supply shortages; |
| • | a number of energy companies announcing plans to divestnon-core operations; |
| • | commodity revaluation since 2014 and tightened international capital markets conditions have caused market dislocation which has created a favorable buying opportunity where financially strong buyers, not reliant on high leverage, are well-placed; |
| • | consensus on oil price forecasts now exists between asset buyers and sellers after the precipitous price drop in 2014 and 2015; |
| • | meeting the required growth in global energy supply requires significant investment, not only insub-surface resources, but also in above ground infrastructure including investments in pipeline, storage terminals, refining, LNG and generation infrastructure; |
| • | distressed situations within the oil field services sector leading to opportunities at attractive valuations; and |
| • | the primary regions of energy demand growth are all outside the United States due to growing demand in the developing world. |
While pursuing an initial business combination and subsequent transactions, we plan to utilize the network and industry experience of CIEP and the CIEP International Energy Investment Team. Over the course of their careers, the members of the CIEP International Energy Investment Team, the Investment Committee and their affiliates have developed a broad network of contacts and corporate relationships that we believe will serve as a useful source of acquisition opportunities. This network has been developed through both the CIEP International Energy Investment Team and the Investment Committee’s extensive experience in both investing in and operating in the energy industry.
We will derive substantial benefit from our sponsor’s association with a large and diversified global firm. As an investment vehicle of CIEP, we will draw upon the full resources and institutional infrastructure of The Carlyle Group, which consists of over 625 investment advisory professionals, operating out of 31 offices spread across six continents.
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We believe the CIEP International Energy Investment Team’s capabilities and expertise will allow us to efficiently evaluate opportunities and select only those where the CIEP International Energy Investment Team can add significant value through their operational expertise, which should allow us to invest opportunistically across the energy value chain. We will rely on the CIEP International Energy Investment Team’s past investment and operating experience investing in upstream, midstream, downstream and service companies.
Acquisition Strategy
Consistent with this strategy, we have identified the following general criteria and guidelines that we believe are important in evaluating prospective targets. We will use these criteria and guidelines in evaluating acquisition opportunities, but we may decide to enter into our initial business combination with a target that does not meet these criteria and guidelines. We intend to acquire target businesses or asset portfolios that we believe:
| • | can utilize the extensive networks and insights the CIEP International Energy Investment Team has built in the international energy arena; |
| • | are at an inflection point, such as requiring additional management expertise, are able to innovate through new operational techniques, or where we believe we can drive improved financial performance; |
| • | are fundamentally sound but are underperforming their potential as a result of underinvestment, lack of strategic focus and operationaldis-synergies in the current commodity price environment; |
| • | exhibit unrecognized value, desirablere-investment opportunities, and a need for capital to achieve the target’s development strategy, that we believe have been misevaluated by the marketplace based on our analysis and due diligence review; and |
| • | will offer an attractive risk-adjusted return for our shareholders. |
We will seek to acquire the target on terms and in a manner that leverages our management team’s experience investing within the energy industry. Potential upside from growth in the target business and an improved capital structure will be weighed against any identified risks.
The CIEP International Energy Investment Team has seen a significant number of larger target opportunities recently. One such transaction that CIEP was involved in was its $3.9 billion acquisition of Neptune Energy Group, a global exploration and production business focused on North West Europe and with operations in North Africa and South East Asia (closing occurred in the first quarter of 2018). In addition, CIEP has built several additional large-scale portfolio companies that span the energy value chain across the globe, including upstream company Assala Energy (60kbpd operated production in Gabon; closing occurred in the fourth quarter of 2017), midstream company HES International (1.45mmcbm storage capacity across Europe), and downstream company Varo Energy (165kbpd refining capacity in North West Europe).
These criteria are not intended to be exhaustive. Any evaluation relating to the merits of a particular initial business combination may be based, to the extent relevant, on these general guidelines as well as other considerations, factors and criteria that our management may deem relevant. In the event that we decide to enter into our initial business combination with a target business that does not meet the above criteria and guidelines, we will disclose that the target business does not meet the above criteria in our shareholder communications related to our initial business combination, which would be in the form of proxy solicitation or tender offer materials that we would file with the SEC.
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Significant Activities Since Inception
On December 5, 2017, we consummated our initial public offering of 30,000,000 units. Each unit consists of one Class A ordinary share, $0.0001 par value per share, andone-third of one warrant, to purchase one Class A ordinary share. Each whole public warrant entitles the holder to purchase one Class A ordinary share at an exercise price of $11.50 per share. The units were sold at an offering price of $10.00 per unit, generating gross proceeds of $300,000,000 (before underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses). Simultaneously with the consummation of our initial public offering and the sale of the units, we consummated the private placement of 5,333,333 warrants at a price of $1.50 per warrant, issued to our sponsor, generating total proceeds of $8,000,000.
Approximately $300 million of the net proceeds from the initial public offering and the sale of the private placement warrants to our sponsor were deposited in a trust account established for the benefit of our public shareholders.
In addition, on December 5, 2017, we entered into the forward purchase agreement pursuant to which our sponsor agreed to purchase up to 25,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, plus up to 8,333,333 warrants, for an aggregate purchase price of up to $250,000,000 in a private placement that will close substantially concurrently with the closing of our initial business combination.
Our units began trading on December 1, 2017 on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “RWGE.U.” Commencing on January 22, 2018, the securities comprising the units began separate trading. The ordinary shares, and warrants are trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbols “RWGE” and “RWGE WS,” respectively.
Initial Business Combination
NYSE rules require that we must complete one or more business combinations having an aggregate fair market value of at least 80% of the value of the assets held in the trust account (net of amounts previously disbursed to management for working capital purposes and excluding the amount of deferred underwriting discounts held in trust) at the time of our signing a definitive agreement in connection with our initial business combination. If our board of directors is not able to independently determine the fair market value of our initial business combination, we will obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm, or another valuation or appraisal firm that regularly renders fairness opinions on the type of target business we are seeking to acquire with respect to the satisfaction of such criteria.
We anticipate structuring our initial business combination so that the post transaction company in which our public shareholders own shares will own or acquire 100% of the equity interests or assets of the target business or businesses. We may, however, structure our initial business combination such that the post transaction company owns or acquires less than 100% of such interests or assets of the target business in order to meet certain objectives of the target management team or shareholders or for other reasons, but we will only complete such business combination if the post transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires a controlling interest in the target sufficient for it not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the Investment Company Act. Even if the post transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the voting securities of the target, our shareholders prior to the business combination may collectively own a minority interest in the post transaction company, depending on valuations ascribed to the target and us in the business combination. For example, we could pursue a transaction in which we issue a substantial number of new ordinary or preference shares in exchange for all of the outstanding capital stock of a target in order to consummate such transaction. In this case, we would acquire a 100% controlling interest in the target. However, as a result of the issuance of a substantial number of new shares, our shareholders immediately prior to our initial business combination could own less than a majority of our outstanding shares subsequent to our initial business combination. If less than 100% of the equity interests or assets of a target business or businesses are owned or acquired by the post transaction company, the portion of such business or businesses that is owned or acquired is what will be taken into account for purposes of the NYSE’s 80% fair market value test. If the business combination involves more than one target business, the 80% fair market value test will be based on the aggregate value of all of the target businesses.
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Conflicts of Interest
Carlyle manages several Carlyle Funds. Further, members of our management team are employed by Carlyle or have fiduciary and contractual obligations to other entities that may or may not be affiliated with Carlyle. The Carlyle Funds and such other entities may compete with us for acquisition opportunities. If the Carlyle Funds or such entities decide to pursue and are successful in procuring any such acquisition opportunity, such opportunity could become unavailable to us. In addition, investment ideas generated within Carlyle may be suitable for both us and for a current or future Carlyle Fund, including CIEP, and may be directed to such Carlyle investment vehicle rather than to us. Carlyle does not have any obligation to present us with any opportunity for a potential business combination of which it becomes aware. Any presentation of such opportunities to CIEP may present additional conflicts, given CIEP’s significant investment in us and the overlap between members of the management team and CIEP International Energy Investment Team.
Each of our officers and directors presently has, and any of them in the future may have additional, fiduciary or contractual obligations to other entities pursuant to which such officer or director is or will be required to present a business combination opportunity, including CIEP. Accordingly, if any of our officers or directors becomes aware of a business combination opportunity which is suitable for an entity to which he or she has then-current fiduciary or contractual obligations, he or she will honor his or her fiduciary or contractual obligations to present such opportunity to such entity. Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that any business opportunity offered to any of our officers or directors shall be presented to the company only to the extent that such business opportunity is expressly offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as our director or officer and such opportunity is one we are permitted to complete on a reasonable basis. For the avoidance of doubt, business combination opportunities presented to our officers or directors in the context of their positions with any other entity, including CIEP, to which they have fiduciary or contractual obligations will in any event be deemed presented to him or her in his or her capacity as a representative of such other entity. Further, CIEP, members of our management team and our CIEP-related directors directly or indirectly own founder shares and/or private placement warrants and, for these reasons, may have a conflict of interest in determining whether a particular target business is an appropriate business with which to effectuate our initial business combination.
We do not believe, however, that the fiduciary duties or contractual obligations of our officers or directors will materially affect our ability to complete our business combination. In addition, we may, at our option, pursue an acquisition opportunity with an entity to which an officer or director has a fiduciary or contractual obligation, which we refer to as an “Affiliated Joint Acquisition.” Any such entity mayco-invest with us in the target business at the time of our initial business combination, or we could raise additional proceeds to complete the acquisition by making a future issuance of equity or equity-linked securities to any such entity.
Status as a Public Company
We believe our structure will make us an attractive business combination partner to target businesses. As an existing public company, we offer a target business an alternative to the traditional initial public offering through a merger or other business combination. In this situation, the owners of the target business would exchange their shares of stock in the target business for our shares or for a combination of our shares and cash, allowing us to tailor the consideration to the specific needs of the sellers. Although there are various costs and obligations associated with being a public company, we believe target businesses will find this method a more certain and cost effective method to becoming a public company than the typical initial public offering. In a typical initial public offering, there are additional expenses incurred in marketing, road show and public reporting efforts that may not be present to the same extent in connection with a business combination with us.
Furthermore, once a proposed business combination is completed, the target business will have effectively become public, whereas an initial public offering is always subject to the underwriters’ ability to complete the offering, as well as general market conditions, which could delay or prevent the offering from occurring or could have negative valuation consequences. Once public, we believe the target business would then have greater access to capital and an additional means of providing management incentives consistent with shareholders’ interests. It can offer further benefits by augmenting a company’s profile among potential new customers and vendors and aid in attracting talented employees.
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While we believe that our structure and our management team’s backgrounds and experience will make us an attractive business partner, some potential target businesses may view our status as a blank check company, such as our lack of an operating history and our ability to seek shareholder approval of any proposed initial business combination, negatively.
Financial Position
With funds available for a business combination as of December 31, 2018 in the amount of $294,842,146, after payment of $10,500,000 of deferred underwriting discounts and before fees and expenses associated with our initial business combination, we offer a target business a variety of options such as creating a liquidity event for its owners, providing capital for the potential growth and expansion of its operations or strengthening its balance sheet by reducing its debt or leverage ratio. Because we are able to complete our business combination using our cash, debt or equity securities, or a combination of the foregoing, we have the flexibility to use the most efficient combination that will allow us to tailor the consideration to be paid to the target business to fit its needs and desires. However, we have not taken any steps to secure third party financing and there can be no assurance it will be available to us.
In addition, we believe our ability to complete an initial business combination will be enhanced by our having entered into the forward purchase agreement pursuant to which our sponsor agreed to purchase up to 25,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, plus up to 8,333,333 warrants, for an aggregate purchase price of up to $250,000,000 in a private placement that will close substantially concurrently with the closing of our initial business combination.
Effecting our Initial Business Combination
We are not presently engaged in, and we will not engage in, any operations for an indefinite period of time. We intend to effectuate our initial business combination using cash from the proceeds of our initial public offering and the private placement of the private placement warrants, our capital stock, debt or a combination of these as the consideration to be paid in our initial business combination. We may seek to complete our initial business combination with a company or business that may be financially unstable or in its early stages of development or growth, which would subject us to the numerous risks inherent in such companies and businesses.
If our initial business combination is paid for using equity or debt securities, or not all of the funds released from the trust account are used for payment of the consideration in connection with our business combination or used for redemptions of purchases of our Class A ordinary shares, we may apply the balance of the cash released to us from the trust account for general corporate purposes, including for maintenance or expansion of operations of the post-transaction company, the payment of principal or interest due on indebtedness incurred in completing our initial business combination, to fund the purchase of other companies or for working capital.
In addition to the forward purchase agreement, we may need to obtain additional financing to complete our initial business combination, either because the transaction requires more cash than is available from the proceeds held in our trust account or because we become obligated to redeem a significant number of our public shares upon completion of the business combination, in which case we may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such business combination. There are no prohibitions on our ability to issue securities or incur debt in connection with our initial business combination. Other than the forward purchase agreement, we are not currently a party to any arrangement or understanding with any third party with respect to raising any additional funds through the sale of securities, the incurrence of debt or otherwise.
Sources of Target Businesses
We anticipate that target business candidates will be brought to our attention from various unaffiliated sources, including investment bankers and private investment funds. Target businesses may be brought to our attention by such unaffiliated sources as a result of being solicited by us through calls or mailings.
These sources may also introduce us to target businesses in which they think we may be interested on an unsolicited basis, since many of these sources will have read our prospectus relating to our initial public offering or reports we file with the SEC and know what types of businesses we are
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targeting. Our officers and directors, as well as their affiliates, may also bring to our attention target business candidates of which they become aware through their business contacts as a result of formal or informal inquiries or discussions they may have, as well as attending trade shows or conventions. In addition, we expect to receive a number of proprietary deal flow opportunities that would not otherwise necessarily be available to us as a result of the track record and business relationships of our officers and directors. While we do not presently anticipate engaging the services of professional firms or other individuals that specialize in business acquisitions on any formal basis, we may engage these firms or other individuals in the future, in which event we may pay a finder’s fee, consulting fee or other compensation to be determined in an arm’s length negotiation based on the terms of the transaction. We will engage a finder only to the extent our management determines that the use of a finder may bring opportunities to us that may not otherwise be available to us or if finders approach us on an unsolicited basis with a potential transaction that our management determines is in our best interest to pursue. Payment of a finder’s fee is customarily tied to completion of a transaction, in which case any such fee will be paid out of the funds held in the trust account. In no event, however, will our sponsor or any of our existing officers or directors, or any entity with which they are affiliated, be paid any finder’s fee, consulting fee, or other compensation for introducing a target business to us. We agreed to reimburse our sponsor up to a total of up to $20,000 per month for office space, utilities and secretarial and administrative support and to reimburse our sponsor, officers and directors for anyout-of-pocket expenses related to identifying, investigating and completing an initial business combination. Some of our officers and directors may enter into employment or consulting agreements with the post-transaction company following our initial business combination. The presence or absence of any such fees or arrangements will not be used as a criterion in our selection process of an acquisition candidate.
We are not prohibited from pursuing an initial business combination with a business combination target that is affiliated with our sponsor, officers or directors, or from making the acquisition through a joint venture or other form of shared ownership with our sponsor, officers or directors or other Carlyle funds. In the event we seek to complete our initial business combination with a business combination target that is affiliated with our sponsor, officers or directors, we, or a committee of independent directors, would obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm or another valuation or appraisal firm that regularly renders fairness opinions on the type of target business we are seeking to acquire that such an initial business combination is fair to our company from a financial point of view. We are not required to obtain such an opinion in any other context.
If any of our officers or directors becomes aware of a business combination opportunity and he or she has fiduciary or contractual obligations to another entity, he or she may be required to present such business combination opportunity to such entity, including CIEP, prior to presenting such business combination opportunity to us. Our officers and directors currently have and may in the future have certain relevant fiduciary duties or contractual obligations that may take priority over their duties to us. Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that any business opportunity offered to any of our officers or directors shall be presented to the company only to the extent that such business opportunity is expressly offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as our director or officer and such opportunity is one we are permitted to complete on a reasonable basis. We may, at our option, pursue an Affiliated Joint Acquisition opportunity with an entity to which an officer or director has a fiduciary or contractual obligation. Any such entity mayco-invest with us in the target business at the time of our initial business combination, or we could raise additional proceeds to complete the acquisition by making a future issuance to any such entity.
Evaluation of a Target Business and Structuring of our Initial Business Combination
In evaluating a prospective target business, we expect to conduct a thorough due diligence review which may encompass, among other things, meetings with incumbent management and employees, document reviews, interviews of customers and suppliers, inspection of facilities, as applicable, as well as a review of financial, operational, legal and other information which will be made available to us. If we determine to move forward with a particular target, we will proceed to structure and negotiate the terms of the business combination transaction.
The time required to select and evaluate a target business and to structure and complete our initial business combination, and the costs associated with this process, are not currently ascertainable with any degree of certainty. Any costs incurred with respect to the identification and evaluation of, and negotiation with, a prospective target business with which our initial business combination is not ultimately completed will result in our incurring losses and will reduce the funds we can use to complete another business combination.
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Lack of Business Diversification
For an indefinite period of time after the completion of our initial business combination, the prospects for our success may depend entirely on the future performance of a single business. Unlike other entities that have the resources to complete business combinations with multiple entities in one or several industries, it is probable that we will not have the resources to diversify our operations and mitigate the risks of being in a single line of business. By completing our initial business combination with only a single entity, our lack of diversification may:
| • | subject us to negative economic, competitive and regulatory developments, any or all of which may have a substantial adverse impact on the particular industry in which we operate after our initial business combination; and |
| • | cause us to depend on the marketing and sale of a single product or limited number of products or services. |
Limited Ability to Evaluate the Target’s Management Team
Although we intend to closely scrutinize the management of a prospective target business when evaluating the desirability of effecting our initial business combination with that business, our assessment of the target business’s management may not prove to be correct. In addition, the future management may not have the necessary skills, qualifications or abilities to manage a public company. Furthermore, the future role of members of our management team, if any, in the target business cannot presently be stated with any certainty. The determination as to whether any of the members of our management team will remain with the combined company will be made at the time of our initial business combination. While it is possible that one or more of our directors will remain associated in some capacity with us following our initial business combination, it is unlikely that any of them will devote their full efforts to our affairs subsequent to our initial business combination. Moreover, we cannot assure you that members of our management team will have significant experience or knowledge relating to the operations of the particular target business.
We cannot assure you that any of our key personnel will remain in senior management or advisory positions with the combined company. The determination as to whether any of our key personnel will remain with the combined company will be made at the time of our initial business combination.
Following a business combination, we may seek to recruit additional managers to supplement the incumbent management of the target business. We cannot assure you that we will have the ability to recruit additional managers, or that additional managers will have the requisite skills, knowledge or experience necessary to enhance the incumbent management.
Shareholders May Not Have the Ability to Approve our Initial Business Combination
We may conduct redemptions without a shareholder vote pursuant to the tender offer rules of the SEC subject to the provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. However, we will seek shareholder approval if it is required by law or applicable stock exchange rule, or we may decide to seek shareholder approval for business or other legal reasons.
Under the NYSE’s listing rules, shareholder approval would be required for our initial business combination if, for example:
| • | we issue ordinary shares that will be equal to or in excess of 20% of the number of our ordinary shares then outstanding (other than in a public offering); |
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| • | any of our directors, officers or substantial shareholders (as defined by NYSE rules) has a 5% or greater interest earned on the trust account (or such persons collectively have a 10% or greater interest), directly or indirectly, in the target business or assets to be acquired or otherwise and the present or potential issuance of ordinary shares could result in an increase in outstanding ordinary shares or voting power of 5% or more; or |
| • | the issuance or potential issuance of ordinary shares will result in our undergoing a change of control. |
Permitted Purchases of our Securities
If we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our sponsor, directors, officers or their affiliates may purchase shares or public warrants in privately negotiated transactions or in the open market either prior to or following the completion of our initial business combination. However, they have no current commitments, plans or intentions to engage in such transactions and have not formulated any terms or conditions for any such transactions. None of the funds in the trust account will be used to purchase shares or public warrants in such transactions. If our sponsor, directors, officers or their affiliates engage in such transactions, they will not make any such purchases when they are in possession of any materialnon-public information not disclosed to the seller or if such purchases are prohibited by Regulation M under the Exchange Act.
In the event that our sponsor, directors, officers or their affiliates purchase shares in privately negotiated transactions from public shareholders who have already elected to exercise their redemption rights, such selling shareholders would be required to revoke their prior elections to redeem their shares. We do not currently anticipate that such purchases, if any, would constitute a tender offer subject to the tender offer rules under the Exchange Act or a going-private transaction subject to the going-private rules under the Exchange Act; however, if the purchasers determine at the time of any such purchases that the purchases are subject to such rules, the purchasers will comply with such rules.
The purpose of any such purchases of shares could be to (i) vote such shares in favor of the business combination and thereby increase the likelihood of obtaining shareholder approval of the business combination or (ii) to satisfy a closing condition in an agreement with a target that requires us to have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash at the closing of our initial business combination, where it appears that such requirement would otherwise not be met. The purpose of any such purchases of public warrants could be to reduce the number of public warrants outstanding if the warrants are surrendered to the company or to vote such warrants on any matters submitted to the warrant holders for approval in connection with our initial business combination. Any such purchases of our securities may result in the completion of our initial business combination that may not otherwise have been possible.
In addition, if such purchases are made, the public “float” of our Class A ordinary shares or public warrants may be reduced and the number of beneficial holders of our securities may be reduced, which may make it difficult to maintain or obtain the quotation, listing or trading of our securities on a national securities exchange.
Our sponsor, officers, directors and/or their affiliates anticipate that they may identify the shareholders with whom our sponsor, officers, directors or their affiliates may pursue privately negotiated purchases by either the shareholders contacting us directly or by our receipt of redemption requests submitted by shareholders (in the case of Class A ordinary shares) following our mailing of proxy materials in connection with our initial business combination. To the extent that our sponsor, officers, directors or their affiliates enter into a private purchase, they would identify and contact only potential selling shareholders who have expressed their election to redeem their shares for a pro rata share of the trust account or vote against our initial business combination, whether or not such shareholder has already submitted a proxy with respect to our initial business combination but only if such shares have not already been voted at the shareholder meeting related to our initial business combination. Our sponsor, officers, directors or any of their affiliates will select which shareholders to purchase shares from based on the negotiated price and number of shares and any other factors that they may deem relevant, and will only purchase shares if such purchases comply with Regulation M under the Exchange Act and the other federal securities laws. Any such purchases will be reported pursuant to Section 13 and Section 16 of the Exchange Act to the extent such purchasers are subject to such reporting requirements.
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Redemption Rights for Public Shareholders upon Completion of our Initial Business Combination
We will provide our public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Class A ordinary shares upon the completion of our initial business combination at aper-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of our initial business combination, including interest earned on the trust account not previously released to us to pay income taxes (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding public shares, subject to the limitations described herein. The amount in the trust account is initially anticipated to be $10.00 per public share. The per share amount we will distribute to investors who properly redeem their shares will not be reduced by the deferred underwriting commissions we will pay to the underwriters. The redemption rights will include the requirement that a beneficial holder must identify itself in order to validly redeem its shares. Our sponsor entered into an agreement with us, pursuant to which it agreed to waive its redemption rights with respect to its founder shares and any public shares it may hold in connection with the completion of our initial business combination. The other members of our management team entered into agreements similar to the one entered into by our sponsor with respect to any public shares acquired by them in or after our initial public offering.
Limitations on Redemptions
Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that in no event will we redeem our public shares in an amount that would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001 (so that we are not subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules). However, the proposed business combination may require (i) cash consideration to be paid to the target or its owners, (ii) cash to be transferred to the target for working capital or other general corporate purposes or (iii) the retention of cash to satisfy other conditions in accordance with the terms of the proposed business combination. In the event the aggregate cash consideration we would be required to pay for all Class A ordinary shares that are validly submitted for redemption plus any amount required to satisfy cash conditions pursuant to the terms of the proposed business combination exceed the aggregate amount of cash available to us, we will not complete the business combination or redeem any shares, and all Class A ordinary shares submitted for redemption will be returned to the holders thereof.
Manner of Conducting Redemptions
We will provide our public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Class A ordinary shares upon the completion of our initial business combination either (i) in connection with a shareholder meeting called to approve the business combination or (ii) by means of a tender offer. The decision as to whether we will seek shareholder approval of a proposed business combination or conduct a tender offer will be made by us, solely in our discretion, and will be based on a variety of factors such as the timing of the transaction and whether the terms of the transaction would require us to seek shareholder approval under applicable law or stock exchange listing requirement or whether we were deemed to be a foreign private issuer (which would require a tender offer rather than seeking shareholder approval under SEC rules). Asset acquisitions and share purchases would not typically require shareholder approval while direct mergers with our company where we do not survive and any transactions where we issue more than 20% of our outstanding ordinary shares or seek to amend our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association would require shareholder approval. We currently intend to conduct redemptions in connection with a shareholder vote unless shareholder approval is not required by applicable law or stock exchange listing requirement and we choose to conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules of the SEC for business or other legal reasons.
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If we hold a shareholder vote to approve our initial business combination, we will, pursuant to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association:
| • | conduct the redemptions in conjunction with a proxy solicitation pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, which regulates the solicitation of proxies, and not pursuant to the tender offer rules; and |
| • | file proxy materials with the SEC. |
In the event that we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination, we will distribute proxy materials and, in connection therewith, provide our public shareholders with the redemption rights described above upon completion of our initial business combination.
If we seek shareholder approval, we will complete our initial business combination only if a majority of the ordinary shares voted are voted in favor of the business combination. In such case, our sponsor agreed to vote its founder shares and any public shares purchased during or after our initial public offering in favor of our initial business combination. As a result, in addition to our sponsor’s founder shares, we would need 11,250,000, or 37.5%, of the 30,000,000 public shares sold in our initial public offering to be voted in favor of an initial business combination in order to have our initial business combination approved (assuming all outstanding shares are voted). Each public shareholder may elect to redeem their public shares irrespective of whether they vote, or how they vote on, the proposed transaction. In addition, our sponsor entered into an agreement with us, pursuant to which it agreed to waive its redemption rights with respect to its founder shares and public shares in connection with the completion of a business combination. The other members of our management team entered into agreements similar to the one entered into by our sponsor with respect to any public shares acquired by them in or after our initial public offering.
If we conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules of the SEC, we will, pursuant to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association:
| • | conduct the redemptions pursuant to Rule13e-4 and Regulation 14E of the Exchange Act, which regulate issuer tender offers; and |
| • | file tender offer documents with the SEC prior to completing our initial business combination which contain substantially the same financial and other information about our initial business combination and the redemption rights as is required under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, which regulates the solicitation of proxies. |
In the event we conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules, our offer to redeem will remain open for at least 20 business days, in accordance with Rule14e-1(a) under the Exchange Act, and we will not be permitted to complete our initial business combination until the expiration of the tender offer period. In addition, the tender offer will be conditioned on public shareholders not tendering more than the number of public shares we are permitted to redeem. If public shareholders tender more shares than we have offered to purchase, we will withdraw the tender offer and not complete our initial business combination.
Limitation on Redemption upon Completion of our Initial Business Combination if we Seek Shareholder Approval
If we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that a public shareholder, together with any affiliate of such shareholder or any other person with whom such shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from seeking redemption rights with respect to more than an aggregate of 20% of the shares sold in our initial public offering without our prior consent, which we refer to as the “Excess Shares.” We believe this restriction will discourage shareholders from accumulating large blocks of shares, and subsequent attempts by such holders to use their ability to exercise their redemption rights against a proposed business combination as a means to force us or our management to purchase their shares at a significant premium to the then-current market price or on other undesirable terms. Absent this provision, a public shareholder holding more than an aggregate of 20% of the shares sold in our initial public offering could threaten to exercise its redemption rights if such holder’s shares are not purchased by us, our sponsor or our management at a premium to the then-current market price or on other undesirable terms. By limiting our shareholders’ ability to redeem no more than 20% of the shares
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sold in our initial public offering without our prior consent, we believe we will limit the ability of a small group of shareholders to unreasonably attempt to block our ability to complete our initial business combination, particularly in connection with a business combination with a target that requires as a closing condition that we have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash.
However, we would not be restricting our shareholders’ ability to vote all of their shares (including Excess Shares) for or against our initial business combination.
Tendering Share Certificates in Connection with Exercising Redemption Rights
In connection with any vote held to approve a proposed business combination, public shareholders seeking to exercise their redemption rights, whether they are record holders or hold their shares in “street name,” will be required to either tender their certificates to our transfer agent or to deliver their shares to the transfer agent electronically using The Depository Trust Company’s DWAC (Deposit/Withdrawal At Custodian) System, at the holder’s option, in each case no later than two business days prior to the initially scheduled vote on the proposal to approve the business combination. The proxy solicitation materials that we will furnish to holders of our public shares in connection with our initial business combination will indicate the applicable delivery requirements, which will include the requirement that a beneficial holder must identify itself in order to validly redeem its shares. Accordingly, a public shareholder would have up to two days prior to the vote on the business combination to tender its shares if it wishes to seek to exercise its redemption rights. Given the relatively short period in which to exercise redemption rights, it is advisable for shareholders to use electronic delivery of their public shares.
There is a nominal cost associated with the above-referenced tendering process and the act of certificating the shares or delivering them through the DWAC System. The transfer agent will typically charge the tendering broker a fee of approximately $80.00 and it would be up to the broker whether or not to pass this cost on to the redeeming holder. However, this fee would be incurred regardless of whether or not we require holders seeking to exercise redemption rights to tender their shares. The need to deliver shares is a requirement of exercising redemption rights regardless of the timing of when such delivery must be effectuated.
Any request to redeem such shares, once made, may be withdrawn at any time up to two business days prior to the initially scheduled vote on the proposal to approve the business combination, unless otherwise agreed to by us. Furthermore, if a holder of a public share delivered its certificate in connection with an election of redemption rights and subsequently decides prior to the applicable date not to elect to exercise such rights, such holder may simply request that the transfer agent return the certificate (physically or electronically). It is anticipated that the funds to be distributed to holders of our public shares electing to redeem their shares will be distributed promptly after the completion of our initial business combination.
If our initial business combination is not approved or completed for any reason, then our public shareholders who elected to exercise their redemption rights would not be entitled to redeem their shares for the applicable pro rata share of the trust account. In such case, we will promptly return any certificates delivered by public holders who elected to redeem their shares.
If our initial proposed business combination is not completed, we may continue to try to complete a business combination with a different target until 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering.
Redemption of Public Shares and Liquidation if no Initial Business Combination
Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that we will have only 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering to complete our initial business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination within such24-month period, we will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the public shares, at aper-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest earned on the trust account not previously released to us to pay income taxes (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding public shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right
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to receive further liquidation distributions, if any) and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of our remaining shareholders and our board of directors, dissolve and liquidate, subject in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) to our obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors in all cases subject to and the other requirements of applicable law. There will be no redemption rights or liquidating distributions with respect to our warrants, which will expire worthless if we fail to complete our initial business combination within the24-month time period.
Our sponsor entered into an agreement with us, pursuant to which it has waived its rights to liquidating distributions from the trust account with respect to its founder shares if we fail to complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering. However, if our sponsor or management team acquire public shares on the open market after our initial public offering, they will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the trust account with respect to such public shares if we fail to complete our initial business combination within the allotted24-month time period.
Our sponsor, officers and directors agreed, pursuant to written agreements with us, that they will not propose any amendment to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association that would affect the substance or timing of our obligation to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering, unless we provide our public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their public shares upon approval of any such amendment at aper-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest earned on the trust account not previously released to us to pay income taxes (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding public shares. However, we may not redeem our public shares in an amount that would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001 (so that we are not subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules). If this optional redemption right is exercised with respect to an excessive number of public shares such that we cannot satisfy the net tangible asset requirement, we would not proceed with the amendment or the related redemption of our public shares at such time. This redemption right shall apply in the event of the approval of any such amendment, whether proposed by our sponsor, any officer or director, or any other person.
We expect that all costs and expenses associated with implementing our plan of dissolution, as well as payments to any creditors, will be funded from amounts held outside the trust account plus the interest earned on the funds in the trust account available to us, although we cannot assure you that there will be sufficient funds for such purpose. If those funds are not sufficient to cover the costs and expenses associated with implementing our plan of dissolution, we may request the trustee to release to us an additional amount of up to $100,000 of such accrued interest to pay those costs and expenses.
If we were to expend all of the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the sale of private placement warrants, other than the proceeds deposited in the trust account, and without taking into account interest, if any, earned on the trust account, theper-share redemption amount received by shareholders upon our dissolution would be $10.00. The proceeds deposited in the trust account could, however, become subject to the claims of our creditors which would have higher priority than the claims of our public shareholders. We cannot assure you that the actualper-share redemption amount received by shareholders will not be less than $10.00. While we intend to pay such amounts, if any, we cannot assure you that we will have funds sufficient to pay or provide for all creditors’ claims.
Although we will seek to have all vendors, service providers (except our independent registered public accounting firm), prospective target businesses and other entities with which we do business execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies held in the trust account for the benefit of our public shareholders, there is no guarantee that they will execute such agreements or even if they execute such agreements that they would be prevented from bringing claims against the trust account including but not limited to fraudulent inducement, breach of fiduciary responsibility or other similar claims, as well as claims challenging the enforceability of the waiver, in each case in order to gain an advantage with respect to a claim against our assets, including the funds held in the trust account. If any third party refuses to execute an agreement waiving such claims to the monies held in the trust account, our management will perform an analysis of the alternatives available to it and will only enter into an agreement with a third party that has not executed a waiver if management believes that such third party’s engagement would be significantly more beneficial to us than any alternative. Examples of possible instances where we may engage a third party that refuses to execute a
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waiver include the engagement of a third party consultant whose particular expertise or skills are believed by management to be significantly superior to those of other consultants that would agree to execute a waiver or in cases where management is unable to find a service provider willing to execute a waiver. In addition, there is no guarantee that such entities will agree to waive any claims they may have in the future as a result of, or arising out of, any negotiations, contracts or agreements with us and will not seek recourse against the trust account for any reason. In order to protect the amounts held in the trust account, our sponsor agreed that it will be liable to us if and to the extent any claims by a third party (other than our independent public accountants) for services rendered or products sold to us, or a prospective target business with which we have entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or other similar agreement or business combination agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the trust account to below the lesser of (i) $10.00 per public share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account, if less than $10.00 per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, less taxes payable, provided that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business who executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the trust account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable) nor will it apply to any claims under our indemnity of the underwriters of our initial public offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. However, we have not asked our sponsor to reserve for such indemnification obligations, nor have we independently verified whether our sponsor has sufficient funds to satisfy its indemnity obligations. We believe our sponsor’s only assets are securities of the company. Therefore, we cannot assure you that our sponsor would be able to satisfy those obligations. None of our officers or directors will indemnify us for claims by third parties including, without limitation, claims by vendors and prospective target businesses. As a result, if any such claims were successfully made against the trust account, the funds available for our initial business combination and redemptions could be reduced to less than $10.00 per public share. In such event, we may not be able to complete our initial business combination and you would receive such lesser amount per share in connection with any redemption of your public shares.
In the event that the proceeds in the trust account are reduced below the lesser of (i) $10.00 per public share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account if less than $10.00 per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, in each case less taxes payable, and our sponsor asserts that it is unable to satisfy its indemnification obligations or that it has no indemnification obligations related to a particular claim, our independent directors would determine whether to take legal action against our sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations. While we currently expect that our independent directors would take legal action on our behalf against our sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations to us, it is possible that our independent directors in exercising their business judgment may choose not to do so in any particular instance. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that due to claims of creditors the actual value of theper-share redemption price will not be less than $10.00 per share.
We will seek to reduce the possibility that our sponsor will have to indemnify the trust account due to claims of creditors by endeavoring to have all vendors, service providers, prospective target businesses or other entities with which we do business execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to monies held in the trust account. Our sponsor will also not be liable as to any claims under our indemnity of the underwriters of our initial public offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. We will have access to up to $1,000,000 from the proceeds of our initial public offering, with which to pay any such potential claims (including costs and expenses incurred in connection with our liquidation, currently estimated to be no more than approximately $100,000). In the event that we liquidate and it is subsequently determined that the reserve for claims and liabilities is insufficient, shareholders who received funds from our trust account could be liable for claims made by creditors.
If we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, the proceeds held in the trust account could be subject to applicable bankruptcy law, and may be included in our bankruptcy estate and subject to the claims of third parties with priority over the claims of our shareholders. To the extent any bankruptcy claims deplete the trust account, we cannot assure you we will be able to return $10.00 per share to our public shareholders. Additionally, if we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, any distributions received by shareholders could be viewed under applicable debtor/creditor and/or bankruptcy laws as either a “preferential transfer” or a “fraudulent conveyance.” As a result, a bankruptcy court could seek to recover some or all amounts received by our shareholders. Furthermore, our board of directors may be viewed as having breached its fiduciary duty to our creditors and/or may have acted in bad faith, and thereby
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exposing itself and our company to claims of punitive damages, by paying public shareholders from the trust account prior to addressing the claims of creditors. We cannot assure you that claims will not be brought against us for these reasons.
Our public shareholders will be entitled to receive funds from the trust account only (i) in the event of the redemption of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering, (ii) in connection with a shareholder vote to amend our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering or (iii) if they redeem their respective shares for cash upon the completion of our initial business combination. In no other circumstances will a shareholder have any right or interest of any kind to or in the trust account. In the event we seek shareholder approval in connection with our initial business combination, a shareholder’s voting in connection with the business combination alone will not result in a shareholder’s redeeming its shares to us for an applicable pro rata share of the trust account. Such shareholder must have also exercised its redemption rights described above. These provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, like all provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, may be amended with a shareholder vote.
Competition
In identifying, evaluating and selecting a target business for our initial business combination, we have encountered, and may continue to encounter, intense competition from other entities having a business objective similar to ours, including other blank check companies, private equity groups and leveraged buyout funds, public companies and operating businesses seeking strategic acquisitions. Many of these entities are well established and have extensive experience identifying and effecting business combinations directly or through affiliates. Moreover, many of these competitors possess greater financial, technical, human and other resources than us. Our ability to acquire larger target businesses will be limited by our available financial resources. This inherent limitation gives others an advantage in pursuing the acquisition of a target business. Furthermore, our obligation to pay cash in connection with our public shareholders who exercise their redemption rights may reduce the resources available to us for our initial business combination and our outstanding warrants, and the future dilution they potentially represent, may not be viewed favorably by certain target businesses. Either of these factors may place us at a competitive disadvantage in successfully negotiating an initial business combination.
Facilities
We currently maintain our executive offices at 1001 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W., Suite 220 South, Washington, D.C. 20004. The cost for our use of this space is included in the up to $20,000 per month fee we pay to our sponsor for office space, administrative and support services. We consider our current office space adequate for our current operations.
Employees
We currently have two officers. These individuals are not obligated to devote any specific number of hours to our matters but they intend to devote as much of their time as they deem necessary to our affairs until we have completed our initial business combination. The amount of time they will devote in any time period will vary based on whether a target business has been selected for our initial business combination and the stage of the business combination process we are in. We do not intend to have any full time employees prior to the completion of our initial business combination.
Periodic Reporting and Financial Information
Our units, Class A ordinary shares and warrants are registered under the Exchange Act and we have reporting obligations, including the requirement that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with the SEC. In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, our annual reports will contain audited financial statements and reported on by our independent registered public accountants.
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We will provide shareholders with audited financial statements of the prospective target business as part of the proxy solicitation or tender offer materials, as applicable, sent to shareholders. These financial statements may be required to be prepared in accordance with, or reconciled to, GAAP, or IFRS, depending on the circumstances, and the historical financial statements may be required to be audited in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. These financial statement requirements may limit the pool of potential target businesses we may acquire because some targets may be unable to provide such statements in time for us to disclose such statements in accordance with federal proxy rules and complete our initial business combination within the prescribed time frame. We cannot assure you that any particular target business identified by us as a potential acquisition candidate will have financial statements prepared in accordance with the requirements outlined above, or that the potential target business will be able to prepare its financial statements in accordance with the requirements outlined above. To the extent that these requirements cannot be met, we may not be able to acquire the proposed target business. While this may limit the pool of potential acquisition candidates, we do not believe that this limitation will be material.
We are required to evaluate our internal control procedures for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018 as required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. However, for as long as we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirement on our internal control over financial reporting. A target business may not be in compliance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act regarding adequacy of their internal controls. The development of the internal controls of any such entity to achieve compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may increase the time and costs necessary to complete any such acquisition.
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company. Exempted companies are Cayman Islands companies conducting business mainly outside the Cayman Islands and, as such, are exempted from complying with certain provisions of the Companies Law. As an exempted company, we have received a tax exemption undertaking from the Cayman Islands government that, in accordance with Section 6 of the Tax Concessions Law (2011 Revision) of the Cayman Islands, for a period of 30 years from the date of the undertaking, no law which is enacted in the Cayman Islands imposing any tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations will apply to us or our operations and, in addition, that no tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations or which is in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax will be payable (i) on or in respect of our shares, debentures or other obligations or (ii) by way of the withholding in whole or in part of a payment of dividend or other distribution of income or capital by us to our shareholders or a payment of principal or interest or other sums due under a debenture or other obligation of us.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. As such, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding anon-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the prices of our securities may be more volatile.
In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We intend to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion, or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our Class A ordinary shares that are held bynon-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th, and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion innon-convertible debt during the prior three-year period.
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| Item 1A. | Risk Factors |
You should consider carefully all of the risks described below, together with the other information contained in this Annual Report, including the financial statements. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. The risk factors described below are not necessarily exhaustive and you are encouraged to perform your own investigation with respect to us and our business.
We have no operating history and no revenues, and you have no basis on which to evaluate our ability to achieve our business objective.
We were formed in September 2017 under the laws of the Cayman Islands and have no operating results. Because we lack an operating history, you have no basis upon which to evaluate our ability to achieve our business objective of completing our initial business combination. We have no plans, arrangements or understandings with any prospective target business concerning a business combination and may be unable to complete our initial business combination. If we fail to complete our initial business combination, we will never generate any operating revenues.
Our shareholders may not be afforded an opportunity to vote on our proposed initial business combination, which means we may complete our initial business combination even though a majority of our shareholders do not support such a combination.
We may choose not to hold a shareholder vote before we complete our initial business combination if the business combination would not require shareholder approval under applicable law or stock exchange listing requirement. For instance, if we were seeking to acquire a target business where the consideration we were paying in the transaction was all cash, we would not be required to seek shareholder approval to complete such a transaction. Except for as required by applicable law or stock exchange requirement, the decision as to whether we will seek shareholder approval of a proposed business combination or will allow shareholders to sell their shares to us in a tender offer will be made by us, solely in our discretion, and will be based on a variety of factors, such as the timing of the transaction and whether the terms of the transaction would otherwise require us to seek shareholder approval. Accordingly, we may complete our initial business combination even if holders of a majority of our ordinary shares do not approve of the business combination we complete.
In evaluating a prospective target business for our initial business combination, our management will rely on the availability of all of the funds from the sale of the forward purchase securities to be used as part of the consideration to the sellers in the initial business combination. If the sale of some or all of the forward purchase securities fails to close, we may lack sufficient funds to consummate our initial business combination.
In connection with the consummation of our initial public offering, on December 5, 2017, we entered into a forward purchase agreement with our sponsor pursuant to which it agreed to purchase up to 25,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, plus up to 8,333,333 warrants, for an aggregate purchase price of up to $250,000,000 in a private placement that will close substantially concurrently with the closing of our initial business combination.
The funds from the sale of the forward purchase securities are expected to be used as part of the consideration to the sellers in our initial business combination, and to pay expenses in connection with our initial business combination and may be used, with the agreement of our sponsor, for working capital in the post-transaction company. If our sponsor does not agree to fund more than the amount necessary to complete the initial business combination, the post-transaction company may not have enough cash available for working capital. The obligations under the forward purchase agreement will not depend on whether any public shareholders elect to redeem their shares in connection with our initial business combination. However, if the sale of the forward purchase securities does not close by reason of the failure of our sponsor or any forward transferee to fund the purchase price for their forward purchase securities, for example, we may lack sufficient funds to consummate our initial business combination. In addition, our sponsor’s obligation to purchase forward purchase securities is conditioned on, among other things, our completing an initial business combination with a company engaged in a business that is within the investment objectives of CIEP and on the business combination (including the target assets or business, and the terms of the business combination) being reasonably acceptable to CIEP. Accordingly, if we pursue an acquisition
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target that is outside of CIEP investment objectives or that is not reasonably acceptable to CIEP, our sponsor would not be obligated to purchase any forward purchase securities, and we may need to seek alternative financing. Additionally, our sponsor’s and any forward transferee’s obligations to purchase the forward purchase securities are subject to termination prior to the closing of the sale of such securities by mutual written consent of the Company and such party, or automatically: (i) if our initial business combination is not consummated within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering, unless extended up to a maximum of sixty (60) days in accordance with our amended and restated certificate of incorporation; or (ii) if our sponsor or we become subject to any voluntary or involuntary petition under the United States federal bankruptcy laws or any state insolvency law, in each case which is not withdrawn within sixty (60) days after being filed, or a receiver, fiscal agent or similar officer is appointed by a court for business or property of our sponsor or us, in each case which is not removed, withdrawn or terminated within sixty (60) days after such appointment. In addition, our sponsor’s obligation to purchase the forward purchase securities is subject to fulfillment of customary closing conditions, including that our initial business combination must be consummated substantially concurrently with the purchase of the forward purchase securities. In the event of any such failure to fund by our sponsor or any forward transferee, any obligation is so terminated or any such condition is not satisfied and not waived by such party, we may not be able to obtain additional funds to account for such shortfall on terms favorable to us or at all. Any such shortfall would also reduce the amount of funds that we have available for working capital of the post-business combination company.
Your only opportunity to affect the investment decision regarding a potential business combination may be limited to the exercise of your right to redeem your shares from us for cash.
At the time of your investment in us, you will not be provided with an opportunity to evaluate the specific merits or risks of our initial business combination. Since our board of directors may complete a business combination without seeking shareholder approval, public shareholders may not have the right or opportunity to vote on the business combination, unless we seek such shareholder vote. Accordingly, your only opportunity to affect the investment decision regarding our initial business combination may be limited to exercising your redemption rights within the period of time (which will be at least 20 business days) set forth in our tender offer documents mailed to our public shareholders in which we describe our initial business combination.
If we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination, our sponsor and management team have agreed to vote in favor of such initial business combination, regardless of how our public shareholders vote.
Our sponsor owns 20% of our outstanding ordinary shares. Our sponsor and management team also may from time to time purchase Class A ordinary shares prior to our initial business combination. Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that, if we seek shareholder approval of an initial business combination, such initial business combination will be approved if we receive the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares voted at such meeting, including the founder shares. If we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination, our sponsor and management team have agreed to vote in favor of such initial business combination, regardless of how our public shareholders vote. As a result, in addition to our sponsor’s founder shares, we would need 11,250,000, or 37.5%, of the 30,000,000 public shares sold in our initial public offering to be voted in favor of an initial business combination in order to have our initial business combination approved (assuming all outstanding shares are voted). Accordingly, if we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination, the agreement by our sponsor and management team to vote in favor of our initial business combination will increase the likelihood that we will receive the requisite shareholder approval for such initial business combination.
The ability of our public shareholders to redeem their shares for cash may make our financial condition unattractive to potential business combination targets, which may make it difficult for us to enter into a business combination with a target.
We may seek to enter into a business combination transaction agreement with a prospective target business that requires as a closing condition that we have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash. If too many public shareholders exercise their redemption rights, we would not be able to meet such closing condition and, as a result, would not be able to proceed with the business combination. Furthermore, in no event will we redeem our public shares in an amount that would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001 (so that we are not subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules). Consequently, if accepting all properly submitted redemption requests would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001 or such
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greater amount necessary to satisfy a closing condition as described above, we would not proceed with such redemption and the related business combination and may instead search for an alternate business combination. Prospective targets will be aware of these risks and, thus, may be reluctant to enter into a business combination transaction with us.
The ability of our public shareholders to exercise redemption rights with respect to a large number of our shares may not allow us to complete the most desirable business combination or optimize our capital structure.
At the time we enter into an agreement for our initial business combination, we will not know how many shareholders may exercise their redemption rights, and therefore will need to structure the transaction based on our expectations as to the number of shares that will be submitted for redemption. If our initial business combination agreement requires us to use a portion of the cash in the trust account to pay the purchase price, or requires us to have a minimum amount of cash at closing, we will need to reserve a portion of the cash in the trust account to meet such requirements, or arrange for third party financing. In addition, if a larger number of shares are submitted for redemption than we initially expected, we may need to restructure the transaction to reserve a greater portion of the cash in the trust account or arrange for third party financing. Raising additional third party financing may involve dilutive equity issuances or the incurrence of indebtedness at higher than desirable levels. The above considerations may limit our ability to complete the most desirable business combination available to us or optimize our capital structure. The amount of the deferred underwriting commissions payable to the underwriters will not be adjusted for any shares that are redeemed in connection with an initial business combination. Theper-share amount we will distribute to shareholders who properly exercise their redemption rights will not be reduced by the deferred underwriting commission and after such redemptions, the amount held in trust will continue to reflect our obligation to pay the entire deferred underwriting commissions.
The ability of our public shareholders to exercise redemption rights with respect to a large number of our shares could increase the probability that our initial business combination would not be completed and that you would have to wait for liquidation in order to redeem your shares.
If our initial business combination agreement requires us to use a portion of the cash in the trust account to pay the purchase price, or requires us to have a minimum amount of cash at closing, the probability that our initial business combination would not be completed is increased. If our initial business combination is not completed, you would not receive your pro rata portion of the trust account until we liquidate the trust account. If you are in need of immediate liquidity, you could attempt to sell your shares in the open market; however, at such time our shares may trade at a discount to the pro rata amount per share in the trust account. In either situation, you may suffer a material loss on your investment or lose the benefit of funds expected in connection with our redemption until we liquidate or you are able to sell your shares in the open market.
The requirement that we complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering may give potential target businesses leverage over us in negotiating a business combination and may limit the time we have in which to conduct due diligence on potential business combination targets as we approach our dissolution deadline, which could undermine our ability to complete our initial business combination on terms that would produce value for our shareholders.
Any potential target business with which we enter into negotiations concerning a business combination will be aware that we must complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering. Consequently, such target business may obtain leverage over us in negotiating a business combination, knowing that if we do not complete our initial business combination with that particular target business, we may be unable to complete our initial business combination with any target business. This risk will increase as we get closer to the timeframe described above. In addition, we may have limited time to conduct due diligence and may enter into our initial business combination on terms that we would have rejected upon a more comprehensive investigation.
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We may not be able to complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering, in which case we would cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up and we would redeem our public shares and liquidate.
We may not be able to find a suitable target business and complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering. Our ability to complete our initial business combination may be negatively impacted by general market conditions, volatility in the capital and debt markets and the other risks described herein. If we have not completed our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering, we will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the public shares, at aper-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest earned on the trust account not previously released to us to pay income taxes (less up to $100,000 to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding public shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidation distributions, if any) and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of our remaining shareholders and our board of directors, dissolve and liquidate, subject in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), to our obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and in all cases subject to the other requirements of applicable law.
If we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination, our sponsor, directors, officers and their affiliates may elect to purchase shares or public warrants from public shareholders, which may influence a vote on a proposed business combination and reduce the public “float” of our Class A ordinary shares.
If we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our sponsor, directors, officers or their affiliates may purchase shares or public warrants in privately negotiated transactions or in the open market either prior to or following the completion of our initial business combination, although they are under no obligation to do so. None of the funds in the trust account will be used to purchase shares or public warrants in such transactions.
In the event that our sponsor, directors, officers or their affiliates purchase shares in privately negotiated transactions from public shareholders who have already elected to exercise their redemption rights, such selling shareholders would be required to revoke their prior elections to redeem their shares. The purpose of any such purchases of shares could be to vote such shares in favor of the business combination and thereby increase the likelihood of obtaining shareholder approval of the business combination or to satisfy a closing condition in an agreement with a target business that requires us to have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash at the closing of our initial business combination, where it appears that such requirement would otherwise not be met. The purpose of any such purchases of public warrants could be to reduce the number of public warrants outstanding if the warrants are surrendered to the company or to vote such warrants on any matters submitted to the warrant holders for approval in connection with our initial business combination. Any such purchases of our securities may result in the completion of our initial business combination that may not otherwise have been possible. Any such purchases will be reported pursuant to Section 13 and Section 16 of the Exchange Act to the extent such purchasers are subject to such reporting requirements.
In addition, if such purchases are made, the public “float” of our Class A ordinary shares or public warrants and the number of beneficial holders of our securities may be reduced, possibly making it difficult to maintain or obtain the quotation, listing or trading of our securities on a national securities exchange.
If a shareholder fails to receive notice of our offer to redeem our public shares in connection with our initial business combination, or fails to comply with the procedures for tendering its shares, such shares may not be redeemed.
We will comply with the proxy rules or tender offer rules, as applicable, when conducting redemptions in connection with our initial business combination. Despite our compliance with these rules, if a shareholder fails to receive our proxy solicitation or tender offer materials, as applicable, such shareholder may not become aware of the opportunity to redeem its shares. In addition, the proxy solicitation or tender offer materials, as applicable, that we will furnish to holders of our public shares in connection with our initial business combination will describe the various procedures
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that must be complied with in order to validly redeem or tender public shares. For example, shareholders will be required to tender their shares no later than two business days prior to the vote to approve the initial business combination. In the event that a shareholder fails to comply with these procedures, its shares may not be redeemed.
You will not have any rights or interests in funds from the trust account except under certain limited circumstances. Therefore, to liquidate your investment you may be forced to sell your public shares or warrants, potentially at a loss.
Our public shareholders will be entitled to receive funds from the trust account only upon the earlier to occur of: (i) our completion of an initial business combination, and then only in connection with those Class A ordinary shares that such shareholder properly elected to redeem, subject to the limitations described herein, (ii) the redemption of any public shares properly tendered in connection with a shareholder vote to amend our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering and (iii) the redemption of our public shares if we are unable to complete an initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering, subject to applicable law and as further described herein. In no other circumstances will a public shareholder have any right or interest of any kind in the trust account. Holders of warrants will not have any right to the proceeds held in the trust account with respect to the warrants. Accordingly, to liquidate your investment, you may be forced to sell your public shares or warrants, potentially at a loss.
The NYSE may delist our securities from trading on its exchange, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.
Our units, Class A ordinary shares and warrants are currently listed on the NYSE. Although we expect to continue to meet the minimum initial listing standards established by the NYSE, our securities may not continue to be listed on the NYSE in the future or prior to our initial business combination. In order to continue listing our securities on the NYSE prior to our initial business combination, we must maintain certain financial, distribution and share price levels. Generally, we must maintain a minimum market capitalization (generally $50,000,000) and a minimum number of holders of our securities (generally 400 public holders).
Additionally, in connection with our initial business combination, we will likely be required to demonstrate compliance with the NYSE’s initial listing requirements, which are more rigorous than the NYSE’s continued listing requirements, in order to continue to maintain the listing of our securities on the NYSE. For instance, our share price would generally be required to be at least $4.00 per share and our shareholders’ equity would generally be required to be at least $4.0 million. We may not be able to meet those initial listing requirements or other listing requirements, such as a minimum number of round lot holders, at that time.
If the NYSE delists our securities from trading on its exchange and we are not able to list our securities on another national securities exchange, we expect our securities could be quoted on anover-the-counter market. If this were to occur, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:
| • | a limited availability of market quotations for our securities; |
| • | reduced liquidity for our securities; |
| • | a determination that our Class A ordinary shares are a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our Class A ordinary shares to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities; |
| • | a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and |
| • | a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future. |
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The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” Because our units, Class A ordinary shares and warrants are listed on the NYSE, our units, Class A ordinary shares and warrants qualify as covered securities under the statute. Although the states are preempted from regulating the sale of our securities, the federal statute does allow the states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud, and, if there is a finding of fraudulent activity, then the states can regulate or bar the sale of covered securities in a particular case. While we are not aware of a state having used these powers to prohibit or restrict the sale of securities issued by blank check companies, other than the State of Idaho, certain state securities regulators view blank check companies unfavorably and might use these powers, or threaten to use these powers, to hinder the sale of securities of blank check companies in their states. Further, if we were no longer listed on the NYSE, our securities would not qualify as covered securities under the statute and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our securities.
You will not be entitled to protections normally afforded to investors of many other blank check companies.
Since the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the sale of the private placement warrants are intended to be used to complete an initial business combination with a target business that has not been selected, we may be deemed to be a “blank check” company under the United States securities laws. However, because we had net tangible assets of at least $5,000,001 upon the completion of our initial public offering and the sale of the private placement warrants and filed a Current Report on Form8-K, including an audited balance sheet demonstrating this fact, we are exempt from rules promulgated by the SEC to protect investors in blank check companies, such as Rule 419. Accordingly, investors will not be afforded the benefits or protections of those rules. Among other things, this means our units were immediately tradable and we have a longer period of time to complete our initial business combination than do companies subject to Rule 419. Moreover, if our initial public offering was subject to Rule 419, that rule would have prohibited the release of any interest earned on funds held in the trust account to us unless and until the funds in the trust account were released to us in connection with our completion of an initial business combination.
If we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules, and if you or a “group” of shareholders are deemed to hold in excess of 20% of our Class A ordinary shares, you will lose the ability to redeem all such shares in excess of 20% of our Class A ordinary shares.
If we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that a public shareholder, together with any affiliate of such shareholder or any other person with whom such shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from seeking redemption rights with respect to more than an aggregate of 20% of the shares sold in our initial public offering without our prior consent, which we refer to as the “Excess Shares.” However, we would not be restricting our shareholders’ ability to vote all of their shares (including Excess Shares) for or against our initial business combination. Your inability to redeem the Excess Shares will reduce your influence over our ability to complete our initial business combination and you could suffer a material loss on your investment in us if you sell Excess Shares in open market transactions. Additionally, you will not receive redemption distributions with respect to the Excess Shares if we complete our initial business combination. As a result, you will continue to hold that number of shares exceeding 20% and, in order to dispose of such shares, would be required to sell your shares in open market transactions, potentially at a loss.
Because of our limited resources and the significant competition for business combination opportunities, it may be more difficult for us to complete our initial business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public shareholders may receive only their pro rata portion of the funds in the trust account that are available for distribution to public shareholders, and our warrants will expire worthless.
We expect to encounter intense competition from other entities having a business objective similar to ours, including private investors (which may be individuals or investment partnerships), other blank check companies and other entities, domestic and international, competing for the types of businesses we intend to acquire. Many of these individuals and entities are well-established and have extensive experience in identifying and effecting, directly or indirectly, acquisitions of companies operating in or providing services to various industries. Many of these competitors possess greater
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technical, human and other resources or more local industry knowledge than we do and our financial resources will be relatively limited when contrasted with those of many of these competitors. While we believe there are numerous target businesses we could potentially acquire with the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the sale of the private placement warrants, our ability to compete with respect to the acquisition of certain target businesses that are sizable will be limited by our available financial resources. This inherent competitive limitation gives others an advantage in pursuing the acquisition of certain target businesses. Furthermore, we are obligated to offer holders of our public shares the right to redeem their shares for cash at the time of our initial business combination in conjunction with a shareholder vote or via a tender offer. Target companies will be aware that this may reduce the resources available to us for our initial business combination. Any of these obligations may place us at a competitive disadvantage in successfully negotiating a business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public shareholders may receive only their pro rata portion of the funds in the trust account that are available for distribution to public shareholders, and our warrants will expire worthless.
If the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the sale of the private placement warrants not being held in the trust account, together with the interest that may be released to us, are insufficient it could limit the amount available to fund our search for a target business or businesses and complete our initial business combination, and we will depend on loans from our sponsor or management team to fund our search and to complete our initial business combination. If we are unable to obtain these loans, we may be unable to complete our initial business combination.
As of December 31, 2018, we had $565,693 in cash held outside the trust account to fund our working capital requirements. We also have access to interest earned on the funds held in the trust account to pay taxes. We believe that such funds will be sufficient to allow us to operate until at least 24 months following the closing of our initial public offering; however, we cannot assure you that our estimate is accurate.
If we are required to seek additional capital, we would need to borrow funds from our sponsor, management team or other third parties to operate or may be forced to liquidate. Neither our sponsor, members of our management team nor any of their affiliates is under any obligation to advance funds to us in such circumstances. Any such advances would be repaid only from funds held outside the trust account or from funds released to us upon completion of our initial business combination. Up to $1,500,000 of such loans may be convertible into warrants of the post-business combination entity at a price of $1.50 per warrant at the option of the lender. The warrants would be identical to the private placement warrants. Prior to the completion of our initial business combination, we do not expect to seek loans from parties other than our sponsor, members of our management team or an affiliate of our sponsor or members of our management team as we do not believe third parties will be willing to loan such funds and provide a waiver against any and all rights to seek access to funds in our trust account. If we are unable to obtain these loans, we may be unable to complete our initial business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination because we do not have sufficient funds available to us, we will be forced to cease operations and liquidate the trust account. Consequently, our public shareholders may only receive an estimated $10.00 per share, or possibly less, on our redemption of our public shares, and our warrants will expire worthless.
Subsequent to our completion of our initial business combination, we may be required to take write-downs or write-offs, restructuring and impairment or other charges that could have a significant negative effect on our financial condition, results of operations and our share price, which could cause you to lose some or all of your investment.
Even if we conduct due diligence on a target business with which we combine, we cannot assure you that this diligence will surface all material issues with a particular target business, that it would be possible to uncover all material issues through a customary amount of due diligence, or that factors outside of the target business and outside of our control will not later arise. As a result of these factors, we may be forced to later write-down orwrite-off assets, restructure our operations, or incur impairment or other charges that could result in our reporting losses. Even if our due diligence successfully identifies certain risks, unexpected risks may arise and previously known risks may materialize in a manner not consistent with our preliminary risk analysis. Even though these charges may benon-cash items and not have an immediate impact on our liquidity, the fact that we report charges of this nature could contribute to negative market perceptions about us or our securities. In addition, charges of this nature may cause us to
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violate net worth or other covenants to which we may be subject as a result of assumingpre-existing debt held by a target business or by virtue of our obtaining post-combination debt financing. Accordingly, any shareholders who choose to remain shareholders following the business combination could suffer a reduction in the value of their securities. Such shareholders are unlikely to have a remedy for such reduction in value unless they are able to successfully claim that the reduction was due to the breach by our officers or directors of a duty of care or other fiduciary duty owed to them, or if they are able to successfully bring a private claim under securities laws that the proxy solicitation or tender offer materials, as applicable, relating to the business combination contained an actionable material misstatement or material omission.
If third parties bring claims against us, the proceeds held in the trust account could be reduced and theper-share redemption amount received by shareholders may be less than $10.00 per share.
Our placing of funds in the trust account may not protect those funds from third party claims against us. Although we will seek to have all vendors, service providers, prospective target businesses and other entities (except our independent registered public accounting firm) with which we do business execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies held in the trust account for the benefit of our public shareholders, such parties may not execute such agreements, or even if they execute such agreements, they may not be prevented from bringing claims against the trust account, including, but not limited to, fraudulent inducement, breach of fiduciary responsibility or other similar claims, as well as claims challenging the enforceability of the waiver, in each case in order to gain advantage with respect to a claim against our assets, including the funds held in the trust account. If any third party refuses to execute an agreement waiving such claims to the monies held in the trust account, our management will perform an analysis of the alternatives available to it and will only enter into an agreement with a third party that has not executed a waiver if management believes that such third party’s engagement would be significantly more beneficial to us than any alternative.
Examples of possible instances where we may engage a third party that refuses to execute a waiver include the engagement of a third party consultant whose particular expertise or skills are believed by management to be significantly superior to those of other consultants that would agree to execute a waiver or in cases where management is unable to find a service provider willing to execute a waiver. In addition, there is no guarantee that such entities will agree to waive any claims they may have in the future as a result of, or arising out of, any negotiations, contracts or agreements with us and will not seek recourse against the trust account for any reason. Upon redemption of our public shares, if we are unable to complete our initial business combination within the prescribed timeframe, or upon the exercise of a redemption right in connection with our initial business combination, we will be required to provide for payment of claims of creditors that were not waived that may be brought against us within the ten years following redemption. Accordingly, theper-share redemption amount received by public shareholders could be less than the $10.00 per public share initially held in the trust account, due to claims of such creditors. Pursuant to a letter agreement, our sponsor agreed that it will be liable to us if and to the extent any claims by a third party (other than our independent public accountants) for services rendered or products sold to us, or a prospective target business with which we have entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or other similar agreement or business combination agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the trust account to below the lesser of (i) $10.00 per public share and (ii) the actual amount per share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account, if less than $10.00 per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, less taxes payable, provided that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business who executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the trust account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable) nor will it apply to any claims under our indemnity of the underwriters of our initial public offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. However, we have not asked our sponsor to reserve for such indemnification obligations, nor have we independently verified whether our sponsor has sufficient funds to satisfy its indemnity obligations. We believe our sponsor’s only assets are securities of the company. Therefore, our sponsor may not be able to satisfy those obligations. None of our officers or directors will indemnify us for claims by third parties including, without limitation, claims by vendors and prospective target businesses. As a result, if any such claims were successfully made against the trust account, the funds available for our initial business combination and redemptions could be reduced to less than $10.00 per share.
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Our directors may decide not to enforce the indemnification obligations of our sponsor, resulting in a reduction in the amount of funds in the trust account available for distribution to our public shareholders.
In the event that the proceeds in the trust account are reduced below the lesser of (i) $10.00 per share and (ii) the actual amount per share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account if less than $10.00 per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, in each case less taxes payable, and our sponsor asserts that it is unable to satisfy its obligations or that it has no indemnification obligations related to a particular claim, our independent directors would determine whether to take legal action against our sponsor to enforce their indemnification obligations.
While we currently expect that our independent directors would take legal action on our behalf against our sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations to us, it is possible that our independent directors in exercising their business judgment may choose not to do so in any particular instance. If our independent directors choose not to enforce these indemnification obligations, the amount of funds in the trust account available for distribution to our public shareholders may be reduced below $10.00 per share.
Our obligation to indemnify our officers and directors may reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against them.
We have agreed to indemnify our officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by law. However, our officers and directors have agreed to waive any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies in the trust account and to not seek recourse against the trust account for any reason whatsoever. Accordingly, any indemnification provided will be able to be satisfied by us only if (i) we have sufficient funds outside of the trust account or (ii) we consummate an initial business combination. Our obligation to indemnify our officers and directors may discourage shareholders from bringing a lawsuit against our officers or directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against our officers and directors, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our shareholders. Furthermore, a shareholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against our officers and directors pursuant to these indemnification provisions.
If, after we distribute the proceeds in the trust account to our public shareholders, we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, a bankruptcy court may seek to recover such proceeds, and the members of our board of directors may be viewed as having breached their fiduciary duties to our creditors, thereby exposing the members of our board of directors and us to claims of punitive damages.
If, after we distribute the proceeds in the trust account to our public shareholders, we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, any distributions received by shareholders could be viewed under applicable debtor/creditor and/or bankruptcy laws as either a “preferential transfer” or a “fraudulent conveyance.” As a result, a bankruptcy court could seek to recover some or all amounts received by our shareholders. In addition, our board of directors may be viewed as having breached its fiduciary duty to our creditors and/or having acted in bad faith, thereby exposing itself and us to claims of punitive damages, by paying public shareholders from the trust account prior to addressing the claims of creditors.
If, before distributing the proceeds in the trust account to our public shareholders, we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, the claims of creditors in such proceeding may have priority over the claims of our shareholders and theper-share amount that would otherwise be received by our shareholders in connection with our liquidation may be reduced.
If, before distributing the proceeds in the trust account to our public shareholders, we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, the proceeds held in the trust account could be subject to applicable bankruptcy law, and may be included in our bankruptcy estate and subject to the claims of third parties with priority over the claims of our shareholders. To the extent any bankruptcy claims deplete the trust account, theper-share amount that would otherwise be received by our shareholders in connection with our liquidation may be reduced.
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If we are deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we may be required to institute burdensome compliance requirements and our activities may be restricted which may make it difficult for us to complete our initial business combination.
If we are deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, our activities may be restricted, including:
| • | restrictions on the nature of our investments; and |
| • | restrictions on the issuance of securities, |
each of which may make it difficult for us to complete our initial business combination. In addition, we may have imposed upon us burdensome requirements, including:
| • | registration as an investment company; |
| • | adoption of a specific form of corporate structure; and |
| • | reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy and disclosure requirements and other rules and regulations. |
In order not to be regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, unless we can qualify for an exclusion, we must ensure that we are engaged primarily in a business other than investing, reinvesting or trading of securities and that our activities do not include investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading “investment securities” constituting more than 40% of our assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. Our business will be to identify and complete a business combination and thereafter to operate the post-transaction business or assets for the long term. We do not plan to buy businesses or assets with a view to resale or profit from their resale. We do not plan to buy unrelated businesses or assets or to be a passive investor.
We do not believe that our principal activities will subject us to the Investment Company Act. To this end, the proceeds held in the trust account may only be invested in United States “government securities” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act having a maturity of 180 days or less or in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule2a-7 promulgated under the Investment Company Act which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations. Pursuant to the trust agreement, the trustee is not permitted to invest in other securities or assets. By restricting the investment of the proceeds to these instruments, and by having a business plan targeted at acquiring and growing businesses for the long term (rather than on buying and selling businesses in the manner of a merchant bank or private equity fund), we intend to avoid being deemed an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act. The trust account is intended as a holding place for funds pending the earliest to occur of either: (i) the completion of our initial business combination; (ii) the redemption of any public shares properly tendered in connection with a shareholder vote to amend our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering; or (iii) absent an initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering, our return of the funds held in the trust account to our public shareholders as part of our redemption of the public shares. If we do not invest the proceeds as discussed above, we may be deemed to be subject to the Investment Company Act. If we were deemed to be subject to the Investment Company Act, compliance with these additional regulatory burdens would require additional expenses for which we have not allotted funds and may hinder our ability to complete a business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public shareholders may only receive their pro rata portion of the funds in the trust account that are available for distribution to public shareholders, and our warrants will expire worthless.
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Changes in laws or regulations, or a failure to comply with any laws and regulations, may adversely affect our business, including our ability to negotiate and complete our initial business combination, and results of operations.
We are subject to laws and regulations enacted by national, regional and local governments. In particular, we will be required to comply with certain SEC and other legal requirements. Compliance with, and monitoring of, applicable laws and regulations may be difficult, time consuming and costly. Those laws and regulations and their interpretation and application may also change from time to time and those changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, investments and results of operations. In addition, a failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations, as interpreted and applied, could have a material adverse effect on our business, including our ability to negotiate and complete our initial business combination, and results of operations.
If we are unable to consummate our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering, our public shareholders may be forced to wait within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering before redemption from our trust account.
If we are unable to consummate our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering, the proceeds then on deposit in the trust account, including interest earned on the trust account not previously released to us to pay income taxes (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), will be used to fund the redemption of our public shares, as further described herein. Any redemption of public shareholders from the trust account will be effected automatically by function of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association prior to any voluntary winding up. If we are required towind-up, liquidate the trust account and distribute such amount therein, pro rata, to our public shareholders, as part of any liquidation process, such winding up, liquidation and distribution must comply with the applicable provisions of the Companies Law. In that case, investors may be forced to wait more than 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering before the redemption proceeds of our trust account become available to them, and they receive the return of their pro rata portion of the proceeds from our trust account. We have no obligation to return funds to investors prior to the date of our redemption or liquidation unless we consummate our initial business combination prior thereto and only then in cases where investors have sought to redeem their Class A ordinary shares. Only upon our redemption or any liquidation will public shareholders be entitled to distributions if we are unable to complete our initial business combination.
Our shareholders may be held liable for claims by third parties against us to the extent of distributions received by them upon redemption of their shares.
If we are forced to enter into an insolvent liquidation, any distributions received by shareholders could be viewed as an unlawful payment if it was proved that immediately following the date on which the distribution was made, we were unable to pay our debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. As a result, a liquidator could seek to recover some or all amounts received by our shareholders. Furthermore, our directors may be viewed as having breached their fiduciary duties to us or our creditors and/or may have acted in bad faith, thereby exposing themselves and our company to claims, by paying public shareholders from the trust account prior to addressing the claims of creditors. We cannot assure you that claims will not be brought against us for these reasons. We and our directors and officers who knowingly and willfully authorized or permitted any distribution to be paid out of our share premium account while we were unable to pay our debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business would be guilty of an offence and may be liable to a fine of approximately $18,300 and to imprisonment for five years in the Cayman Islands.
Holders of Class A ordinary shares will not be entitled to vote on any election of directors we hold prior to our initial business combination.
Prior to our initial business combination, only holders of our founder shares will have the right to vote on the election of directors. Holders of our public shares will not be entitled to vote on the election of directors during such time. In addition, prior to the completion of an initial business combination, holders of a majority of our founder shares may remove a member of the board of directors for any reason. Accordingly, you may not have any say in the management of our company prior to the consummation of an initial business combination.
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We have not registered the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants under the Securities Act or any state securities laws, and such registration may not be in place when an investor desires to exercise warrants, thus precluding such investor from being able to exercise its warrants and causing such warrants to expire worthless.
We have not registered the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants under the Securities Act or any state securities laws. However, under the terms of the warrant agreement, we agreed to use our reasonable best efforts to file a registration statement under the Securities Act covering such shares and maintain a current prospectus relating to the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants until the expiration of the warrants in accordance with the provisions of the warrant agreement. We cannot assure you that we will be able to do so if, for example, any facts or events arise which represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement or prospectus, the financial statements contained or incorporated by reference therein are not current or correct or the SEC issues a stop order. If the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants are not registered under the Securities Act, we will be required to permit holders to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis. However, no warrant will be exercisable for cash or on a cashless basis, and we will not be obligated to issue any shares to holders seeking to exercise their warrants, unless the issuance of the shares upon such exercise is registered or qualified under the securities laws of the state of the exercising holder, unless an exemption is available. In no event will we be required to net cash settle any warrant, or issue securities or other compensation in exchange for the warrants in the event that we are unable to register or qualify the shares underlying the warrants under the Securities Act or applicable state securities laws. If the issuance of the shares upon exercise of the warrants is not so registered or qualified or exempt from registration or qualification, the holder of such warrant will not be entitled to exercise such warrant and such warrant may have no value and expire worthless. In such event, holders who acquired their warrants as part of a purchase of units will have paid the full unit purchase price solely for the Class A ordinary shares included in the units. If and when the warrants become redeemable by us, we may exercise our redemption right even if we are unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws. Notwithstanding the above, if our Class A ordinary shares are at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that it satisfies the definition of a “covered security” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, we may, at our option, require holders of public warrants who exercise their warrants to do so on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act and, in the event we so elect, we will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement, but we will be required to use our reasonable best efforts to register or qualify the shares under applicable blue sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available. In addition, the private placement warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis at any time once they are generally exercisable, and therefore, you may be required to hold warrants purchased by you in our initial public offering while our sponsor may exercise and sell our Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of its private placement warrants.
The grant of registration rights to our sponsor and holders of our forward purchase securities may make it more difficult to complete our initial business combination, and the future exercise of such rights may adversely affect the market price of our Class A ordinary shares.
Pursuant to a registration rights agreement, our sponsor and its permitted transferees can demand that we register the Class A ordinary shares into which founder shares are convertible, the private placement warrants and the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the private placement warrants and holders of warrants that may be issued upon conversion of working capital loans may demand that we register such warrants or the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon conversion of such warrants.
Pursuant to the forward purchase agreement, we agreed that we will use our reasonable best efforts to file within 30 days after the closing of the initial business combination a registration statement with the SEC for a secondary offering of the forward purchase shares and the forward purchase warrants (and the underlying Class A ordinary shares) and to cause such registration statement to be declared effective as soon as practicable after it is filed. Assuming the founder shares convert on aone-for-one basis and no warrants are issued upon conversion of working capital loans, an aggregate of up to 32,500,000 Class A ordinary shares and up to 13,666,666 warrants are subject to registration under these agreements.
We will bear the cost of registering these securities. The registration and availability of such a significant number of securities for trading in the public market may have an adverse effect on the market price of our Class A ordinary shares. In addition, the existence of the registration rights
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may make our initial business combination more costly or difficult to conclude. This is because the shareholders of the target business may increase the equity stake they seek in the combined entity or ask for more cash consideration to offset the negative impact on the market price of our Class A ordinary shares that is expected when the securities owned by our sponsor or its permitted transferees are registered.
Because we are neither limited to evaluating a target business in a particular industry sector nor have we selected any specific target businesses with which to pursue our initial business combination, you will be unable to ascertain the merits or risks of any particular target business’s operations.
Although we expect to focus our search for a target business in the international energy industry, we are not limited to evaluating a target business in any particular industry sector (except that we will not, under our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, be permitted to effectuate our initial business combination with another blank check company or similar company with nominal operations) and we have not selected any specific target business with which to pursue our initial business combination. Because we have not yet selected any specific target business with respect to a business combination, there is no basis to evaluate the possible merits or risks of any particular target business’s operations, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity, financial condition or prospects. To the extent we complete our initial business combination, we may be affected by numerous risks inherent in the business operations with which we combine. For example, if we combine with a financially unstable business or an entity lacking an established record of sales or earnings, we may be affected by the risks inherent in the business and operations of a financially unstable or a development stage entity. Although our officers and directors will endeavor to evaluate the risks inherent in a particular target business, we cannot assure you that we will properly ascertain or assess all of the significant risk factors or that we will have adequate time to complete due diligence. Furthermore, some of these risks may be outside of our control and leave us with no ability to control or reduce the chances that those risks will adversely impact a target business. We also cannot assure you that an investment in our securities will ultimately prove to be more favorable to investors than a direct investment, if such opportunity were available, in a business combination target. Accordingly, any shareholders who choose to remain shareholders following our initial business combination could suffer a reduction in the value of their securities. Such shareholders are unlikely to have a remedy for such reduction in value unless they are able to successfully claim that the reduction was due to the breach by our officers or directors of a duty of care or other fiduciary duty owed to them, or if they are able to successfully bring a private claim under securities laws that the proxy solicitation or tender offer materials, as applicable, relating to the business combination contained an actionable material misstatement or material omission.
Because we intend to seek a business combination with a target business or businesses in the energy industry, we expect our future operations to be subject to risks associated with this industry.
We intend to focus our search for a target business in the energy industry. CIEP has historically focused on international energy. Accordingly, we may pursue a target business in these sectors or any other sector within the energy industry, including the oil and gas industry outside of North America. In addition, our sponsor’s obligation to purchase forward purchase securities is conditioned on, among other things, our completing an initial business combination with a company engaged in a business that is within the investment objectives of CIEP. This condition makes it more likely that we will pursue a target in the energy industry and be subject to the risks associated with this industry. Because we have not yet selected any specific target business or sector, we cannot provide specific risks of any business combination. However, risks inherent in investments in the energy industry include, but are not limited to, the following:
| • | volatility of oil and natural gas prices; |
| • | price and availability of alternative fuels, such as solar, coal, nuclear and wind energy; |
| • | competitive pressures in the utility industry, primarily in wholesale markets, as a result of consumer demand, technological advances, greater availability of natural gas and other factors; |
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| • | significant federal, state and local regulation, taxation and regulatory approval processes as well as changes in applicable laws and regulations; |
| • | the speculative nature of and high degree of risk involved in investments in the upstream, midstream and oilfield services sectors, including relying on estimates of oil and gas reserves and the impacts of regulatory and tax changes; |
| • | drilling, exploration and development risks, including encountering unexpected formations or pressures, premature declines of reservoirs, blow-outs, equipment failures and other accidents, cratering, sour gas releases, uncontrollable flows of oil, natural gas or well fluids, adverse weather conditions, pollution, fires, spills and other environmental risks, any of which could lead to environmental damage, injury and loss of life or the destruction of property; |
| • | proximity and capacity of oil, natural gas and other transportation and support infrastructure to production facilities; |
| • | availability of key inputs, such as strategic consumables, raw materials and drilling and processing equipment; |
| • | changes in global supply and demand and prices for commodities; |
| • | impact of energy conservation efforts; |
| • | technological advances affecting energy production and consumption; |
| • | overall domestic and global economic conditions; |
| • | availability of, and potential disputes with, independent contractors; |
| • | natural disasters, terrorist acts and similar dislocations; |
| • | environmental risks and liabilities; and |
| • | value of U.S. dollar relative to the currencies of other countries. |
Past performance by Carlyle, including our management team, may not be indicative of future performance of and investment in the company.
Information regarding performance by, or business associated with, Carlyle and its affiliates is presented for informational purposes only. Past performance by Carlyle, including our management team, is not a guarantee either (i) of success with respect to any business combination we may consummate or (ii) that we will be able to locate a suitable candidate for our initial business combination. You should not rely on the historical record of Carlyle’s or our management team’s performance as indicative of our future performance of an investment in the company or the return the company will, or is likely to, generate going forward.
We may seek acquisition opportunities in any industry our management chooses (which industries may or may not be outside of our management’s areas of expertise).
We may consider a business combination with a target business operating in any industry our management chooses, including one outside of our management’s area of expertise. Although our management will endeavor to evaluate the risks inherent in any particular business combination candidate, we may not adequately ascertain or assess all of the significant risk factors. An investment in our securities may not ultimately prove to be less favorable to investors in our securities than a direct investment, if an opportunity were available, in a business combination candidate.
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In the event we elect to pursue an acquisition outside of the areas of our management’s expertise, our management’s expertise may not be directly applicable to its evaluation or operation, and the information contained in this Annual Report regarding the areas of our management’s expertise would not be relevant to an understanding of the business that we elect to acquire. As a result, our management may not be able to adequately ascertain or assess all of the significant risk factors. Accordingly, any shareholders who choose to remain shareholders following our business combination could suffer a reduction in the value of their shares. Such shareholders are unlikely to have a remedy for such reduction in value.
Although we have identified general criteria and guidelines that we believe are important in evaluating prospective target businesses, we may enter into our initial business combination with a target that does not meet such criteria and guidelines, and as a result the target business with which we enter into our initial business combination may not have attributes entirely consistent with our general criteria and guidelines.
Although we have identified general criteria and guidelines for evaluating prospective target businesses, it is possible that a target business with which we enter into our initial business combination will not have all of these positive attributes. If we complete our initial business combination with a target that does not meet some or all of these guidelines, such combination may not be as successful as a combination with a business that does meet all of our general criteria and guidelines. In addition, if we announce a prospective business combination with a target that does not meet our general criteria and guidelines, a greater number of shareholders may exercise their redemption rights, which may make it difficult for us to meet any closing condition with a target business that requires us to have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash. In addition, if shareholder approval of the transaction is required by law, or we decide to obtain shareholder approval for business or other legal reasons, it may be more difficult for us to attain shareholder approval of our initial business combination if the target business does not meet our general criteria and guidelines. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public shareholders may only receive their pro rata portion of the funds in the trust account that are available for distribution to public shareholders, and our warrants will expire worthless.
We are not required to obtain an opinion from an independent accounting or investment banking firm, and consequently, you may have no assurance from an independent source that the price we are paying for the business is fair to our shareholders from a financial point of view.
Unless we complete our initial business combination with an affiliated entity, we are not required to obtain an opinion from an independent accounting firm or another valuation or appraisal firm that regularly renders fairness opinions on the type of target business we are seeking to acquire that the price we are paying is fair to our shareholders from a financial point of view. If no opinion is obtained, our shareholders will be relying on the judgment of our board of directors, who will determine fair market value based on standards generally accepted by the financial community. Such standards used will be disclosed in our proxy solicitation or tender offer materials, as applicable, related to our initial business combination.
We may issue additional Class A ordinary shares or preference shares to complete our initial business combination or under an employee incentive plan after completion of our initial business combination. We may also issue Class A ordinary shares upon the conversion of the founder shares at a ratio greater thanone-to-one at the time of our initial business combination as a result of the anti-dilution provisions contained in our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. Any such issuances would dilute the interest of our shareholders and likely present other risks.
Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association authorize the issuance of up to 400,000,000 ordinary shares, including 350,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, 50,000,000 Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, and 10,000,000 preference shares, par value $0.0001 per share. There are 320,000,000 and 42,500,000 authorized but unissued Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares, respectively, available for issuance which amount does not take into account shares reserved for issuance upon exercise of outstanding warrants, the forward purchase shares or shares issuable upon conversion of the Class B ordinary shares. The Class B ordinary shares are automatically convertible into Class A ordinary shares at the time of our initial business combination initially at aone-for-one ratio but subject to adjustment as set forth herein. There are no preference shares issued and outstanding.
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We may issue a substantial number of additional Class A ordinary shares or preference shares to complete our initial business combination or under an employee incentive plan after completion of our initial business combination. We may also issue Class A ordinary shares upon conversion of the Class B ordinary shares at a ratio greater thanone-to-one at the time of our initial business combination as a result of the anti-dilution provisions as set forth herein. However, our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide, among other things, that prior to our initial business combination, we may not issue additional shares that would entitle the holders thereof to (i) receive funds from the trust account or (ii) vote on any initial business combination. These provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, like all provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, may be amended with a shareholder vote. The issuance of additional ordinary or preference shares:
| • | may significantly dilute the equity interest of our investors; |
| • | may subordinate the rights of holders of Class A ordinary shares if preference shares are issued with rights senior to those afforded our Class A ordinary shares; |
| • | could cause a change in control if a substantial number of Class A ordinary shares are issued, which may affect, among other things, our ability to use our net operating loss carry forwards, if any, and could result in the resignation or removal of our present officers and directors; and |
| • | may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our units, Class A ordinary shares and/or warrants. |
Unlike most other similarly structured blank check companies, our sponsor will receive additional Class A ordinary shares if we issue shares to consummate an initial business combination.
The founder shares will automatically convert into Class A ordinary shares on the first business day following the consummation of our initial business combination on aone-for-one basis, subject to adjustment as provided herein. In the case that additional Class A ordinary shares, or equity-linked securities convertible or exercisable for Class A ordinary shares, are issued or deemed issued in excess of the amounts offered in our initial public offering and related to the closing of our initial business combination, the ratio at which founder shares will convert into Class A ordinary shares will be adjusted so that the number of Class A ordinary shares issuable upon conversion of all founder shares will equal, in the aggregate 20% of the sum of our ordinary shares outstanding upon completion of our initial public offering plus the number of Class A ordinary shares and equity-linked securities issued or deemed issued in connection with our initial business combination (net of redemptions), excluding the forward purchase securities, any Class A ordinary shares or equity-linked securities issued, or to be issued, to any seller in our initial business combination and any private placement warrants issued to our sponsor. This is different than most other similarly structured blank check companies in which the initial shareholder will only be issued an aggregate of 20% of the total number of shares to be outstanding prior to our initial business combination.
Resources could be wasted in researching acquisitions that are not completed, which could materially adversely affect subsequent attempts to locate and acquire or merge with another business. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public shareholders may only receive their pro rata portion of the funds in the trust account that are available for distribution to public shareholders, and our warrants will expire worthless.
We anticipate that the investigation of each specific target business and the negotiation, drafting and execution of relevant agreements, disclosure documents and other instruments will require substantial management time and attention and substantial costs for accountants, attorneys and others. If we decide not to complete a specific initial business combination, the costs incurred up to that point for the proposed transaction likely would not be recoverable. Furthermore, if we reach an agreement relating to a specific target business, we may fail to complete our initial business combination for any number of reasons including those beyond our control. Any such event will result in a loss to us of the related costs incurred which could materially adversely affect subsequent attempts to locate and acquire or merge with another business. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public shareholders may only receive their pro rata portion of the funds in the trust account that are available for distribution to public shareholders, and our warrants will expire worthless.
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We may be a passive foreign investment company, or “PFIC,” which could result in adverse United States federal income tax consequences to U.S. investors.
If we are a PFIC for any taxable year (or portion thereof) that is included in the holding period of a U.S. Holder of our Class A ordinary shares or warrants, the U.S. Holder may be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences and may be subject to additional reporting requirements. Our PFIC status for our current and subsequent taxable years may depend on whether we qualify for the PFICstart-up exception. Depending on the particular circumstances the application of thestart-up exception may be subject to uncertainty, and there cannot be any assurance that we will qualify for thestart-up exception. Accordingly, there can be no assurances with respect to our status as a PFIC for our current taxable year or any subsequent taxable year. Our actual PFIC status for any taxable year, however, will not be determinable until after the end of such taxable year. Moreover, if we determine we are a PFIC for any taxable year, we will endeavor to provide to a U.S. Holder such information as the Internal Revenue Service may require, including a PFIC annual information statement, in order to enable the U.S. Holder to make and maintain a “qualified electing fund” election, but there can be no assurance that we will timely provide such required information, and such election would be unavailable with respect to our warrants in all cases. We urge U.S. investors to consult their own tax advisors regarding the possible application of the PFIC rules.
We may reincorporate in another jurisdiction in connection with our initial business combination and such reincorporation may result in taxes imposed on shareholders.
We may, in connection with our initial business combination and subject to requisite shareholder approval under the Companies Law, reincorporate in the jurisdiction in which the target company or business is located or in another jurisdiction. The transaction may require a shareholder to recognize taxable income in the jurisdiction in which the shareholder is a tax resident or in which its members are resident if it is a tax transparent entity. We do not intend to make any cash distributions to shareholders to pay such taxes. Shareholders may be subject to withholding taxes or other taxes with respect to their ownership of us after the reincorporation.
After our initial business combination, it is possible that a majority of our directors and officers will live outside the United States and all of our assets will be located outside the United States; therefore investors may not be able to enforce federal securities laws or their other legal rights.
It is possible that after our initial business combination, a majority of our directors and officers will reside outside of the United States and all of our assets will be located outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult, or in some cases not possible, for investors in the United States to enforce their legal rights, to effect service of process upon all of our directors or officers or to enforce judgments of United States courts predicated upon civil liabilities and criminal penalties on our directors and officers under United States laws.
Our ability to successfully effect our initial business combination and to be successful thereafter will be totally dependent upon the efforts of our key personnel, some of whom may join us following our initial business combination. The loss of key personnel could negatively impact the operations and profitability of our post-combination business.
Prior to the completion of an initial business combination, our operations will be dependent upon a relatively small group of individuals and, in particular, our officers and directors. We believe that our success depends on the continued service of our officers and directors, at least until we have completed our initial business combination. In addition, our officers and directors are not required to commit any specified amount of time to our affairs and, accordingly, will have conflicts of interest in allocating their time among various business activities, including identifying potential business combinations and monitoring the related due diligence. We do not have an employment agreement with, orkey-man insurance on the life of, any of our directors or officers. The unexpected loss of the services of one or more of our directors or officers could have a detrimental effect on us.
The role of our key personnel in the target business, however, cannot presently be ascertained. Although some of our key personnel may remain with the target business in senior management or advisory positions following our initial business combination, it is likely that some or all of the management of the target business will remain in place. While we intend to closely scrutinize any individuals we engage after our initial business combination, we cannot assure you that our assessment of these individuals will prove to be correct. These individuals may be unfamiliar with the requirements of operating a company regulated by the SEC, which could cause us to have to expend time and resources helping them become familiar with such requirements.
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In addition, the officers and directors of the target business may resign upon completion of our initial business combination. The departure of a business combination target’s key personnel could negatively impact the operations and profitability of our post-combination business. Although we contemplate that certain members of the target business’s management team will remain associated with the target business following our initial business combination, it is possible that members of the management of the target business will not wish to remain in place. The loss of key personnel could negatively impact the operations and profitability of our post-combination business.
Our key personnel may negotiate employment or consulting agreements with a target business in connection with a particular business combination, and a particular business combination may be conditioned on the retention or resignation of such key personnel. These agreements may provide for them to receive compensation following our initial business combination and as a result, may cause them to have conflicts of interest in determining whether a particular business combination is the most advantageous.
Our key personnel may be able to remain with our company after the completion of our initial business combination only if they are able to negotiate employment or consulting agreements in connection with the business combination. Such negotiations would take place simultaneously with the negotiation of the business combination and could provide for such individuals to receive compensation in the form of cash payments and/or our securities for services they would render to us after the completion of the business combination. Such negotiations also could make such key personnel’s retention or resignation a condition to any such agreement. The personal and financial interests of such individuals may influence their motivation in identifying and selecting a target business, subject to their fiduciary duties under Cayman Islands law.
Our officers and directors will allocate their time to other businesses thereby causing conflicts of interest in their determination as to how much time to devote to our affairs. This conflict of interest could have a negative impact on our ability to complete our initial business combination.
Our officers and directors are not required to, and will not, commit their full time to our affairs, which may result in a conflict of interest in allocating their time between our operations and our search for a business combination and their other businesses. We do not intend to have any full-time employees prior to the completion of our initial business combination. Each of our officers is engaged in several other business endeavors for which he may be entitled to substantial compensation, including CIEP, and our officers are not obligated to contribute any specific number of hours per week to our affairs. Our independent directors also serve as officers and board members for other entities. If our officers’ and directors’ other business affairs require them to devote substantial amounts of time to such affairs in excess of their current commitment levels, it could limit their ability to devote time to our affairs which may have a negative impact on our ability to complete our initial business combination. For example, our officers and certain of our directors are employed by Carlyle, which is an investment manager to the Carlyle Funds, including CIEP, which makes investments in securities or other interests of or relating to companies in industries we may target for our initial business combination.
Our officers and directors presently have fiduciary or contractual obligations to other entities, including CIEP, and, accordingly, have conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented.
Until we consummate our initial business combination, each of our officers and directors presently has, and any of them in the future may have, additional fiduciary or contractual obligations to other entities (including Carlyle Funds) pursuant to which such officer or director is or will be required to present a business combination opportunity to such other entity and not us. For example, our management team will be comprised of employees of Carlyle who serve on the CIEP International Energy Investment Team, which sources investment opportunities for CIEP. Our chairman of the board, Mr. van Poecke, leads the CIEP International Energy Investment Team and is chairman of Altaslnvest, which invests across the energy industry and serves as a subadvisor to Carlyle in connection with CIEP, among other activities. Our president, Mr. Coburn, serves on the investment committee of CIEP and other energy-focused private equity funds and is a director to another special purpose acquisition company, Capital Investment Corp. IV. Investment ideas generated in connection with these other entities may be suitable for both us and for such other entity, including CIEP, and may be
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directed to such other entity rather than to us. If any members of our management team becomes aware of a business combination opportunity which is suitable for an entity to which he or she has then-current fiduciary or contractual obligations, he or she will be required to honor his or her fiduciary or contractual obligations to present such opportunity to such entity. Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that any business opportunity offered to any of our officers or directors shall be presented to the company only to the extent that such business opportunity is expressly offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as our director or officer and such opportunity is one we are permitted to complete on a reasonable basis. For the avoidance of doubt, business combination opportunities presented to our officers or directors in the context of their positions with any other entity, including CIEP, to which they have fiduciary or contractual obligations will in any event be deemed presented to him or her in his or her capacity as a representative of such other entity. Due to these other fiduciary and contractual obligations, our officers and directors have conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented.
Our officers and directors may in the future become affiliated with entities engaged in business activities similar to those intended to be conducted by us, including another blank check company, and, accordingly, may have conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented.
Until we consummate our initial business combination, we intend to engage in the business of identifying and combining with one or more businesses. Our sponsor and officers and directors may in the future become affiliated with entities that are engaged in a similar business, including another blank check company that may have acquisition objectives that are similar to ours. Accordingly, they may have conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented. These conflicts may not be resolved in our favor and a potential target business may be presented to other entities prior to its presentation to us, subject to our officers’ and directors’ fiduciary duties under Cayman Islands law. Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that we renounce our interest in any corporate opportunity offered to any director or officer unless such opportunity is expressly offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the company and it is an opportunity that we are able to complete on a reasonable basis.
Our officers, directors, security holders and their respective affiliates may have competitive pecuniary interests that conflict with our interests.
We have not adopted a policy that expressly prohibits our directors, officers, security holders or affiliates from having a direct or indirect pecuniary or financial interest in any investment to be acquired or disposed of by us or in any transaction to which we are a party or have an interest. In fact, we may enter into a business combination with a target business that is affiliated with our sponsor, our directors or officers, although we do not currently intend to do so. Nor do we have a policy that expressly prohibits any such persons from engaging for their own account in business activities of the types conducted by us. Accordingly, such persons or entities may have a conflict between their interests and ours. In particular, Carlyle and certain of its affiliates are also focused on investments in energy industry. As a result, there may be substantial overlap between companies that would be a suitable business combination for us and companies that would make attractive targets for such other affiliates.
The personal and financial interests of our directors and officers may influence their motivation in timely identifying and selecting a target business and completing a business combination. Consequently, our directors’ and officers’ discretion in identifying and selecting a suitable target business may result in a conflict of interest when determining whether the terms, conditions and timing of a particular business combination are appropriate and in our shareholders’ best interest. If this were the case, it would be a breach of their fiduciary duties to us as a matter of Cayman Islands law and we or our shareholders be given leave to pursue a derivative claim against such person for losses incurred by the company as a consequence of any such breach. However, we might not ultimately be successful in any claim we may make against them for such reason.
If we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination, our sponsor agreed to vote in favor of such initial business combination, regardless of how our public shareholders vote.
Unlike many other blank check companies in which the initial shareholders agree to vote their founder shares in accordance with the majority of the votes cast by the public shareholders in connection with an initial business combination, our sponsor agreed to vote its founder shares, as well as
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any public shares purchased during or after our initial public offering, in favor of our initial business combination. As a result, in addition to our sponsor’s founder shares, we would need 11,250,000, or 37.5%, of the 30,000,000 public shares sold in our initial public offering to be voted in favor of a transaction (assuming all outstanding shares are voted) in order to have our initial business combination approved. Our sponsor owns shares representing 20% of our outstanding ordinary shares. Accordingly, if we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination, it is more likely that the necessary shareholder approval will be received than would be the case if our sponsor agreed to vote its founder shares in accordance with the majority of the votes cast by our public shareholders.
We may engage in a business combination with one or more target businesses that have relationships with entities that may be affiliated with our sponsor, officers, directors or existing holders which may raise potential conflicts of interest.
In light of the involvement of our sponsor, officers and directors with other entities, we may decide to acquire one or more businesses affiliated with our sponsor, officers, directors or existing holders. Our directors also serve as officers and board members for other entities. Such entities may compete with us for business combination opportunities. Although we are not specifically focusing on, or targeting, any transaction with any affiliated entities, we would pursue such a transaction if we determined that such affiliated entity met our criteria for a business combination and such transaction was approved by a majority of our independent and disinterested directors. Despite our agreement to obtain an opinion regarding the fairness to our company from a financial point of view of a business combination with one or more businesses affiliated with our sponsor, officers, directors or existing holders, potential conflicts of interest still may exist and, as a result, the terms of the business combination may not be as advantageous to our public shareholders as they would be absent any conflicts of interest.
Since our sponsor, officers and directors will lose their entire investment in us if our initial business combination is not completed (other than with respect to public shares they may have acquired during or may acquire after our initial public offering), a conflict of interest may arise in determining whether a particular business combination target is appropriate for our initial business combination.
In September 2017, we issued to our sponsor 8,625,000 founder shares in exchange for a capital contribution of $25,000, or approximately $0.003 per share. Prior to the initial investment in the company of $25,000 by our sponsor, we had no assets, tangible or intangible. The per share price of the founder shares was determined by dividing the amount contributed to us by the number of founder shares issued. The number of founder shares issued was determined based on the expectation that the total size of our initial public offering would be a maximum of 34,500,000 units if the underwriters’ over-allotment option had been exercised in full, and therefore that such founder shares would represent 20% of the outstanding shares after our initial public offering. Our sponsor surrendered for no consideration 1,125,000 founder shares upon the expiration of the underwriters’ over-allotment option. The founder shares will be worthless if we do not complete an initial business combination. In addition, our sponsor purchased 5,333,333 private placement warrants, each exercisable to purchase one Class A ordinary share at $11.50 per share, at a price of $1.50 per warrant (approximately $8,000,000 in the aggregate), in a private placement that closed simultaneously with the closing of our initial public offering. If we do not complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering, the private placement warrants will expire worthless. The personal and financial interests of our officers and directors may influence their motivation in identifying and selecting a target business combination, completing an initial business combination and influencing the operation of the business following our initial business combination. This risk may become more acute as we get closer to the 24 month mark following our initial public offering, which is the deadline for our completion of an initial business combination.
We may issue notes or other debt securities, or otherwise incur substantial debt, to complete a business combination, which may adversely affect our leverage and financial condition and thus negatively impact the value of our shareholders’ investment in us.
Although we have no commitments as of the date of this Annual Report to issue any notes or other debt securities, or to otherwise incur outstanding debt, we may choose to incur substantial debt to complete our initial business combination. We and our officers have agreed that we will not incur any indebtedness unless we have obtained from the lender a waiver of any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to the monies held in the
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trust account. As such, no issuance of debt will affect the per share amount available for redemption from the trust account. Nevertheless, the incurrence of debt could have a variety of negative effects, including:
| • | default and foreclosure on our assets if our operating revenues after an initial business combination are insufficient to repay our debt obligations; |
| • | acceleration of our obligations to repay the indebtedness even if we make all principal and interest payments when due if we breach certain covenants that require the maintenance of certain financial ratios or reserves without a waiver or renegotiation of that covenant; |
| • | our immediate payment of all principal and accrued interest, if any, if the debt security is payable on demand; |
| • | our inability to obtain necessary additional financing if the debt security contains covenants restricting our ability to obtain such financing while the debt security is outstanding; |
| • | our inability to pay dividends on our Class A ordinary shares; |
| • | using a substantial portion of our cash flow to pay principal and interest on our debt, which will reduce the funds available for dividends on our Class A ordinary shares if declared, expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes; |
| • | limitations on our flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in our business and in the industry in which we operate; |
| • | increased vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions and adverse changes in government regulation; and |
| • | limitations on our ability to borrow additional amounts for expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, execution of our strategy and other purposes and other disadvantages compared to our competitors who have less debt. |
We may only be able to complete one business combination with the proceeds of our initial public offering and the sale of the private placement warrants and the forward purchase securities, which will cause us to be solely dependent on a single business which may have a limited number of products or services. This lack of diversification may negatively impact our operations and profitability.
The net proceeds from our initial public offering and the private placement of warrants and the forward purchase securities (assuming the terms of the forward purchase agreement are met) will provide us with approximately $544,842,146 that we may use to complete our initial business combination (after payment of the $10,500,000 of deferred underwriting commissions being held in the trust account).
We may effectuate our initial business combination with a single target business or multiple target businesses simultaneously or within a short period of time. However, we may not be able to effectuate our initial business combination with more than one target business because of various factors, including the existence of complex accounting issues and the requirement that we prepare and file pro forma financial statements with the SEC that present operating results and the financial condition of several target businesses as if they had been operated on a combined basis. By completing our initial business combination with only a single entity, our lack of diversification may subject us to numerous economic, competitive and regulatory developments. Further, we would not be able to diversify our operations or benefit from the possible spreading of risks or offsetting of losses, unlike other entities which may have the resources to complete several business combinations in different industries or different areas of a single industry. Accordingly, the prospects for our success may be:
| • | solely dependent upon the performance of a single business, property or asset; or |
| • | dependent upon the development or market acceptance of a single or limited number of products, processes or services. |
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This lack of diversification may subject us to numerous economic, competitive and regulatory risks, any or all of which may have a substantial adverse impact upon the particular industry in which we may operate subsequent to our initial business combination.
We may attempt to simultaneously complete business combinations with multiple prospective targets, which may hinder our ability to complete our initial business combination and give rise to increased costs and risks that could negatively impact our operations and profitability.
If we determine to simultaneously acquire several businesses that are owned by different sellers, we will need for each of such sellers to agree that our purchase of its business is contingent on the simultaneous closings of the other business combinations, which may make it more difficult for us, and delay our ability, to complete our initial business combination. With multiple business combinations, we could also face additional risks, including additional burdens and costs with respect to possible multiple negotiations and due diligence (if there are multiple sellers) and the additional risks associated with the subsequent assimilation of the operations and services or products of the acquired companies in a single operating business. If we are unable to adequately address these risks, it could negatively impact our profitability and results of operations.
We may attempt to complete our initial business combination with a private company about which little information is available, which may result in a business combination with a company that is not as profitable as we suspected, if at all.
In pursuing our business combination strategy, we may seek to effectuate our initial business combination with a privately held company. By definition, very little public information generally exists about private companies, and we could be required to make our decision on whether to pursue a potential initial business combination on the basis of limited information, which may result in a business combination with a company that is not as profitable as we suspected, if at all.
Our management may not be able to maintain control of a target business after our initial business combination. We cannot provide assurance that, upon loss of control of a target business, new management will possess the skills, qualifications or abilities necessary to profitably operate such business.
We may structure our initial business combination so that the post-transaction company in which our public shareholders own shares will own less than 100% of the equity interests or assets of a target business, but we will only complete such business combination if the post-transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires a controlling interest in the target sufficient for us not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. We will not consider any transaction that does not meet such criteria. Even if the post-transaction company owns 50% or more of the voting securities of the target, our shareholders prior to our initial business combination may collectively own a minority interest in the post business combination company, depending on valuations ascribed to the target and us in the business combination. For example, we could pursue a transaction in which we issue a substantial number of new Class A ordinary shares in exchange for all of the outstanding capital stock of a target. In this case, we would acquire a 100% interest in the target. However, as a result of the issuance of a substantial number of new Class A ordinary shares, our shareholders immediately prior to such transaction could own less than a majority of our outstanding Class A ordinary shares subsequent to such transaction. In addition, other minority shareholders may subsequently combine their holdings resulting in a single person or group obtaining a larger share of the company’s shares than we initially acquired. Accordingly, this may make it more likely that our management will not be able to maintain control of the target business.
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We do not have a specified maximum redemption threshold. The absence of such a redemption threshold may make it possible for us to complete our initial business combination with which a substantial majority of our shareholders do not agree.
Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association do not provide a specified maximum redemption threshold, except that in no event will we redeem our public shares in an amount that would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001 (such that we are not subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules). As a result, we may be able to complete our initial business combination even though a substantial majority of our public shareholders do not agree with the transaction and have redeemed their shares or, if we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination and do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, entered into privately negotiated agreements to sell their shares to our sponsor, officers, directors or any of their affiliates. In the event the aggregate cash consideration we would be required to pay for all Class A ordinary shares that are validly submitted for redemption plus any amount required to satisfy cash conditions pursuant to the terms of the proposed business combination exceed the aggregate amount of cash available to us, we will not complete the business combination or redeem any shares, all Class A ordinary shares submitted for redemption will be returned to the holders thereof, and we instead may search for an alternate business combination.
In order to effectuate an initial business combination, blank check companies have, in the recent past, amended various provisions of their charters and other governing instruments, including their warrant agreements. We may seek to amend our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association or governing instruments in a manner that will make it easier for us to complete our initial business combination that our shareholders may not support.
In order to effectuate a business combination, blank check companies have, in the recent past, amended various provisions of their charters and governing instruments, including their warrant agreements. For example, blank check companies have amended the definition of business combination, increased redemption thresholds, changed industry focus and, with respect to their warrants, amended their warrant agreements to require the warrants to be exchanged for cash and/or other securities. Amending our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association will require at least a special resolution of our shareholders as a matter of Cayman Islands law, meaning the approval of holders of not less thantwo-thirds of our ordinary shares who attend and vote at a general meeting of the company, and amending our warrant agreement will require a vote of holders of at least 50% of the public warrants. In addition, our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association require us to provide our public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their public shares for cash if we propose an amendment to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association that would affect the substance or timing of our obligation to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete an initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering. To the extent any of such amendments would be deemed to fundamentally change the nature of any of the securities offered through the registration statement relating to our initial public offering, we would register, or seek an exemption from registration for, the affected securities.
The report of our independent registered public accounting firm expresses substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
We believe conditions exist that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern because if we do not complete a business combination by December 5, 2019 then we will have to cease all operations except for the purpose of winding down and liquidating. A “going concern” opinion could impair our ability to finance our initial business combination through the sale of equity, incurring debt, or other financing alternatives. There can be no assurance that we will be able to consummate an initial business combination by December 5, 2019.
The provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association that relate to ourpre-business combination activity (and corresponding provisions of the agreement governing the release of funds from our trust account) may be amended with the approval of holders of not less thantwo-thirds of our ordinary shares who attend and vote at a general meeting of the company, which is a lower amendment threshold than that of some other blank check companies. It may be easier for us, therefore, to amend our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association to facilitate the completion of an initial business combination that some of our shareholders may not support.
Some other blank check companies have a provision in their charter which prohibits the amendment of certain of its provisions, including those which relate to a company’spre-business combination activity, without approval by a certain percentage of the company’s shareholders. In those companies, amendment of these provisions typically requires approval by between 90% and 100% of the company’s public shareholders. Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that any of its provisions related topre-business combination activity (including the requirement to deposit proceeds of our initial public offering and certain proceeds from the private placement of warrants into the trust account and not release such amounts except in specified circumstances, and to provide redemption rights to public shareholders as described herein) may be
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amended if approved by special resolution, meaning holders of not less thantwo-thirds of our ordinary shares who attend and vote at a general meeting of the company, and corresponding provisions of the trust agreement governing the release of funds from our trust account may be amended if approved by holders of 65% of our ordinary shares. Our sponsor, which beneficially owns 20% of our ordinary shares, will participate in any vote to amend our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and/or trust agreement and will have the discretion to vote in any manner they choose. As a result, we may be able to amend the provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association which govern ourpre-business combination behavior more easily than some other blank check companies, and this may increase our ability to complete a business combination with which you do not agree. Our shareholders may pursue remedies against us for any breach of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.
Our sponsor, officers and directors agreed, pursuant to agreements with us, that they will not propose any amendment to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association that would affect the substance or timing of our obligation to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering, unless we provide our public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their Class A ordinary shares upon approval of any such amendment at aper-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest earned on the trust account not previously released to us to pay income taxes (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding public shares. Our shareholders are not parties to, or third-party beneficiaries of, these agreements and, as a result, will not have the ability to pursue remedies against our sponsor, officers or directors for any breach of these agreements. As a result, in the event of a breach, our shareholders would need to pursue a shareholder derivative action, subject to applicable law.
Our sponsor controls a substantial interest in us and thus may exert a substantial influence on actions requiring a shareholder vote, potentially in a manner that you do not support.
Our sponsor owns 20% of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares. Accordingly, it may exert a substantial influence on actions requiring a shareholder vote, potentially in a manner that you do not support, including amendments to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. If our sponsor purchases any units or Class A ordinary shares in the aftermarket or in privately negotiated transactions, this would increase its control. In addition, our board of directors, whose members were elected by our sponsor, is divided into three classes, each of which will generally serve for a term for three years with only one class of directors being elected in each year. We may not hold an annual meeting of shareholders to elect new directors prior to the completion of our initial business combination, in which case all of the current directors will continue in office until at least the completion of the business combination. If there is an annual meeting, as a consequence of our “staggered” board of directors, only a minority of the board of directors will be considered for election and our sponsor, because of its ownership position, will have considerable influence regarding the outcome. Prior to the completion of an initial business combination, any vacancy on the board of directors may be filled by a nominee chosen by holders of a majority of our founder shares. In addition, prior to the completion of an initial business combination, holders of a majority of our founder shares may remove a member of the board of directors for any reason. Accordingly, our sponsor will continue to exert control at least until the completion of our initial business combination. The forward purchase shares will not be issued until completion of our initial business combination and, accordingly, will not be included in any shareholder vote until such time.
If the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the sale of the private placement warrants not being held in the trust account are insufficient to allow us to operate for 24 months following the closing of our initial public offering, we may be unable to complete our initial business combination, in which case our public shareholders may only receive $10.00 per share, or less than such amount in certain circumstances, and our warrants will expire worthless.
The funds available to us outside of the trust account may not be sufficient to allow us to operate for 24 months following the closing of our initial public offering, assuming that our initial business combination is not completed during that time. We believe that the funds available to us outside of the trust account will be sufficient to allow us to operate for 24 months following the closing of our initial public offering; however, we cannot assure you that our estimate is accurate. Of the funds available to us, we could use a portion of the funds available to us to pay fees to consultants to assist us with our search for a target business. We could also use a portion of the funds as a down payment or to fund a“no-shop” provision (a provision in letters of
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intent or merger agreements designed to keep target businesses from “shopping” around for transactions with other companies on terms more favorable to such target businesses) with respect to a particular proposed business combination, although we do not have any current intention to do so. If we entered into a letter of intent or merger agreement where we paid for the right to receive exclusivity from a target business and were subsequently required to forfeit such funds (whether as a result of our breach or otherwise), we might not have sufficient funds to continue searching for, or conduct due diligence with respect to, a target business. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public shareholders may receive only approximately $10.00 per share on the liquidation of our trust account and our warrants will expire worthless. In certain circumstances, our public shareholders may receive less than $10.00 per share upon our liquidation.
We may amend the terms of the warrants in a manner that may be adverse to holders of public warrants with the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants. As a result the exercise price of your warrants could be increased, the exercise period could be shortened and the number of our Class A ordinary shares purchasable upon exercise of a warrant could be decreased, all without your approval.
Our warrants were issued in registered form under a warrant agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and us. The warrant agreement provides that the terms of the warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision, but requires the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders of public warrants. Accordingly, we may amend the terms of the public warrants in a manner adverse to a holder if holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants approve of such amendment. To do so, we would need approval from 5,000,001 public warrants to amend the terms of the warrants. Although our ability to amend the terms of the public warrants with the consent of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants is unlimited, examples of such amendments could be amendments to, among other things, increase the exercise price of the warrants, convert the warrants into cash, shorten the exercise period or decrease the number of Class A ordinary shares purchasable upon exercise of a warrant.
We may redeem your unexpired warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to you, thereby making your warrants worthless.
We have the ability to redeem outstanding warrants at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, at a price of $0.01 per warrant, provided that the closing price of our Class A ordinary shares equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for share splits, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30trading-day period ending on the third trading day prior to proper notice of such redemption provided that on the date we give notice of redemption. If and when the warrants become redeemable by us, we may exercise our redemption right even if we are unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws. Redemption of the outstanding warrants could force you to (i) exercise your warrants and pay the exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous for you to do so, (ii) sell your warrants at the then-current market price when you might otherwise wish to hold your warrants or (iii) accept the nominal redemption price which, at the time the outstanding warrants are called for redemption, is likely to be substantially less than the market value of your warrants. None of the private placement warrants will be redeemable by us so long as they are held by our sponsor or its permitted transferees.
Our warrants may have an adverse effect on the market price of our Class A ordinary shares and make it more difficult to effectuate our initial business combination.
We issued warrants to purchase 10,000,000 Class A ordinary shares as part of the units sold in our initial public offering and, simultaneously with the closing of our initial public offering, we issued in a private placement 5,333,333 private placement warrants, each exercisable to purchase one Class A ordinary share at $11.50 per share. We may also issue up to 8,333,333 forward purchase warrants at the closing of our initial business combination pursuant to the forward purchase agreement. In addition, if our sponsor makes any working capital loans, it may convert those loans into up to an additional 1,000,000 private placement warrants, at the price of $1.50 per warrant. To the extent we issue ordinary shares to effectuate a business transaction, the potential for the issuance of a substantial number of additional Class A ordinary shares upon exercise of these warrants could make us a less attractive acquisition vehicle to a target business. Such warrants, when exercised, will increase the number of issued and outstanding Class A
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ordinary shares and reduce the value of the Class A ordinary shares issued to complete the business transaction. Therefore, our warrants may make it more difficult to effectuate a business transaction or increase the cost of acquiring the target business.
Because each unit containsone-third of one warrant and only a whole warrant may be exercised, the units may be worth less than units of other blank check companies.
Each unit containsone-third of one warrant. Pursuant to the warrant agreement, the warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of Class A ordinary shares. If, upon exercise of the warrants, a holder would be entitled to receive a fractional interest in a share, we will, upon exercise, round down to the nearest whole number the number of Class A ordinary shares to be issued to the warrant holder. This is different from other offerings similar to ours whose units include one ordinary share and one warrant to purchase one whole share. We have established the components of the units in this way in order to reduce the dilutive effect of the warrants upon completion of a business combination since the warrants will be exercisable in the aggregate forone-third of the number of shares compared to units that each contain a whole warrant to purchase one share, thus making us, we believe, a more attractive merger partner for target businesses. Nevertheless, this unit structure may cause our units to be worth less than if it included a warrant to purchase one whole share.
A market for our securities may not develop, which would adversely affect the liquidity and price of our securities.
The price of our securities may vary significantly due to one or more potential business combinations and general market or economic conditions. Furthermore, an active trading market for our securities may never develop or, if developed, it may not be sustained. You may be unable to sell your securities unless a market can be established and sustained.
Because we must furnish our shareholders with target business financial statements, we may lose the ability to complete an otherwise advantageous initial business combination with some prospective target businesses.
The federal proxy rules require that a proxy statement with respect to a vote on a business combination meeting certain financial significance tests include historical and/or pro forma financial statement disclosure in periodic reports. We will include the same financial statement disclosure in connection with our tender offer documents, whether or not they are required under the tender offer rules. These financial statements may be required to be prepared in accordance with, or be reconciled to, accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, or international financing reporting standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or IFRS, depending on the circumstances and the historical financial statements may be required to be audited in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), or PCAOB. These financial statement requirements may limit the pool of potential target businesses we may acquire because some targets may be unable to provide such statements in time for us to disclose such statements in accordance with federal proxy rules and complete our initial business combination within the prescribed time frame.
We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act, and if we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies, this could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies.
We are an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. As a result, our shareholders may not have access to certain information they may deem important. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if the market value of our Class A ordinary shares held bynon-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any June 30 before that time, in which case we would no longer be an emerging growth company as of the
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following December 31. We cannot predict whether investors will find our securities less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result of our reliance on these exemptions, the trading prices of our securities may be lower than they otherwise would be, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the trading prices of our securities may be more volatile.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply tonon-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accountant standards used.
Compliance obligations under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may make it more difficult for us to effectuate a business combination, require substantial financial and management resources, and increase the time and costs of completing an acquisition.
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we evaluate and report on our system of internal controls. However, for as long as we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirement on our internal control over financial reporting. The fact that we are a blank check company makes compliance with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act particularly burdensome on us as compared to other public companies because a target business with which we seek to complete our initial business combination may not be in compliance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act regarding adequacy of its internal controls. The development of the internal control of any such entity to achieve compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may increase the time and costs necessary to complete any such acquisition.
Provisions in our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association may inhibit a takeover of us, which could limit the price investors might be willing to pay in the future for our Class A ordinary shares and could entrench management.
Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association contain provisions that may discourage unsolicited takeover proposals that shareholders may consider to be in their best interests. These provisions include a staggered board of directors and the ability of the board of directors to designate the terms of and issue new series of preference shares, which may make more difficult the removal of management and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our securities.
We may be unable to obtain additional financing to complete our initial business combination or to fund the operations and growth of a target business, which could compel us to restructure or abandon a particular business combination.
Although we believe that the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the sale of the private placement warrants and the forward purchase securities will be sufficient to allow us to complete our initial business combination, because we have not yet negotiated the acquisition of a specific target business we cannot ascertain the capital requirements for any particular transaction. If the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the sale of the private placement warrants and the forward purchase securities prove to be insufficient, either because of the size of our initial business combination, the depletion of the available net proceeds in search of a target business, the obligation to repurchase for cash a significant number of shares from shareholders who elect redemption in connection with our initial business combination or the terms of negotiated transactions to purchase shares in connection with our initial business combination, we may be required to seek additional financing or to abandon the proposed business combination. We cannot assure you that such financing will be available on acceptable terms, if at all. To the extent that additional financing proves to be unavailable when needed to complete our initial business combination, we would be compelled to either restructure the transaction or abandon that
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particular business combination and seek an alternative target business candidate. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public shareholders may receive only approximately $10.00 per share plus any pro rata interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to us to pay our income taxes on the liquidation of our trust account and our warrants will expire worthless. In addition, even if we do not need additional financing to complete our business combination, we may require such financing to fund the operations or growth of the target business. The failure to secure additional financing could have a material adverse effect on the continued development or growth of the target business. None of our officers, directors or shareholders is required to provide any financing to us in connection with or after our initial business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public shareholders may only receive approximately $10.00 per share on the liquidation of our trust account and our warrants will expire worthless.
Because we are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, you may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through the U.S. Federal courts may be limited.
We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon our directors or officers, or enforce judgments obtained in the United States courts against our directors or officers.
Our corporate affairs are governed by our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Law (as the same may be supplemented or amended from time to time) and the common law of the Cayman Islands. We will also be subject to the federal securities laws of the United States. The rights of shareholders to take action against the directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are different from what they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a different body of securities laws as compared to the United States, and certain states, such as Delaware, may have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholders derivative action in a Federal court of the United States.
We have been advised by our Cayman Islands legal counsel that the courts of the Cayman Islands are unlikely (i) to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts of the United States predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or any state; and (ii) in original actions brought in the Cayman Islands, to impose liabilities against us predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or any state, so far as the liabilities imposed by those provisions are penal in nature. In those circumstances, although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, the courts of the Cayman Islands will recognize and enforce a foreign money judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits based on the principle that a judgment of a competent foreign court imposes upon the judgment debtor an obligation to pay the sum for which judgment has been given provided certain conditions are met. For a foreign judgment to be enforced in the Cayman Islands, such judgment must be final and conclusive and for a liquidated sum, and must not be in respect of taxes or a fine or penalty, inconsistent with a Cayman Islands judgment in respect of the same matter, impeachable on the grounds of fraud or obtained in a manner, or be of a kind the enforcement of which is, contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands (awards of punitive or multiple damages may well be held to be contrary to public policy). A Cayman Islands Court may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere.
As a result of all of the above, public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a United States company.
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If we pursue a target company with operations or opportunities outside of the United States for our initial business combination, we may face additional burdens in connection with investigating, agreeing to and completing such initial business combination, and if we effect such initial business combination, we would be subject to a variety of additional risks that may negatively impact our operations.
If we pursue a target a company with operations or opportunities outside of the United States for our initial business combination, we would be subject to risks associated with cross-border business combinations, including in connection with investigating, agreeing to and completing our initial business combination, conducting due diligence in a foreign jurisdiction, having such transaction approved by any local governments, regulators or agencies and changes in the purchase price based on fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.
If we effect our initial business combination with such a company, we would be subject to any special considerations or risks associated with companies operating in an international setting, including any of the following:
| • | costs and difficulties inherent in managing cross-border business operations; |
| • | rules and regulations regarding currency redemption; |
| • | complex corporate withholding taxes on individuals; |
| • | laws governing the manner in which future business combinations may be effected; |
| • | exchange listing and/or delisting requirements; |
| • | tariffs and trade barriers; |
| • | regulations related to customs and import/export matters; |
| • | local or regional economic policies and market conditions; |
| • | unexpected changes in regulatory requirements; |
| • | longer payment cycles; |
| • | tax issues, such as tax law changes and variations in tax laws as compared to the United States; |
| • | currency fluctuations and exchange controls; |
| • | rates of inflation; |
| • | challenges in collecting accounts receivable; |
| • | cultural and language differences; |
| • | employment regulations; |
| • | underdeveloped or unpredictable legal or regulatory systems; |
| • | corruption; |
| • | protection of intellectual property; |
| • | social unrest, crime, strikes, riots and civil disturbances; |
| • | regime changes and political upheaval; |
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| • | terrorist attacks and wars; and |
| • | deterioration of political relations with the United States. |
We may not be able to adequately address these additional risks. If we were unable to do so, we may be unable to complete such initial business combination, or, if we complete such combination, our operations might suffer, either of which may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If our management following our initial business combination is unfamiliar with United States securities laws, they may have to expend time and resources becoming familiar with such laws, which could lead to various regulatory issues.
Following our initial business combination, our management may resign from their positions as officers or directors of the company and the management of the target business at the time of the business combination will remain in place. Management of the target business may not be familiar with United States securities laws. If new management is unfamiliar with United States securities laws, they may have to expend time and resources becoming familiar with such laws. This could be expensive and time-consuming and could lead to various regulatory issues which may adversely affect our operations.
After our initial business combination, substantially all of our assets may be located in a foreign country and substantially all of our revenue will be derived from our operations in such country. Accordingly, our results of operations and prospects will be subject, to a significant extent to the economic, political and legal policies, developments and conditions in the country in which we operate.
The economic, political and social conditions, as well as government policies, of the country in which our operations are located could affect our business. Economic growth could be uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy and such growth may not be sustained in the future. If in the future such country’s economy experiences a downturn or grows at a slower rate than expected, there may be less demand for spending in certain industries. A decrease in demand for spending in certain industries could materially and adversely affect our ability to find an attractive target business with which to consummate our initial business combination and if we effect our initial business combination, the ability of that target business to become profitable.
Exchange rate fluctuations and currency policies may cause a target business’ ability to succeed in the international markets to be diminished.
In the event we acquire anon-U.S. target, all revenues and income would likely be received in a foreign currency, and the dollar equivalent of our net assets and distributions, if any, could be adversely affected by reductions in the value of the local currency. The value of the currencies in our target regions fluctuate and are affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions. Any change in the relative value of such currency against our reporting currency may affect the attractiveness of any target business or, following consummation of our initial business combination, our financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, if a currency appreciates in value against the dollar prior to the consummation of our initial business combination, the cost of a target business as measured in dollars will increase, which may make it less likely that we are able to consummate such transaction.
We may reincorporate in another jurisdiction in connection with our initial business combination, and the laws of such jurisdiction may govern some or all of our future material agreements and we may not be able to enforce our legal rights.
In connection with our initial business combination, we may relocate the home jurisdiction of our business from the Cayman Islands to another jurisdiction. If we determine to do this, the laws of such jurisdiction may govern some or all of our future material agreements. The system of laws and the enforcement of existing laws in such jurisdiction may not be as certain in implementation and interpretation as in the United States. The inability to enforce or obtain a remedy under any of our future agreements could result in a significant loss of business, business opportunities or capital.
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| Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments |
None.
| Item 2. | Properties |
We do not own any real estate or other physical properties materially important to our operation. Our executive office is located at 1001 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W., Suite 220 South, Washington, D.C. 20004. Our executive offices are provided to us by our sponsor. Beginning September 14, 2017, we agreed to pay an affiliate of our sponsor a total of up to $20,000 per month for office space, utilities and secretarial and administrative support. We consider our current office space adequate for our current operations.
| Item 3. | Legal Proceedings |
To the knowledge of our management, there is no litigation currently pending or contemplated against us, any of our officers or directors in their capacity as such or against any of our property.
| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures |
Not applicable.
| Item 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |
(a) Market Information
Our units, Class A ordinary shares and warrants are each traded on the NYSE under the symbols “RWGE.U,” “RWGE” and “RWGE WS,” respectively. Our units commenced public trading on December 1, 2017. Our Class A ordinary shares and warrants began separate trading on January 22, 2018.
The following table sets forth, for the calendar quarter indicated, the high and low closing sales prices for our units, for the period from December 1, 2017 through December 31, 2018, and for our Class A ordinary shares and warrants, for the period from January 22, 2018 through December 31, 2018, as reported on the NYSE.
| Units (RWGE.U) | Class A ordinary shares (RWGE) | Warrants (RWGE WS) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | |||||||||||||||||||
Year ended December 31, 2018: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quarter ended March 29, 2018 (1) | $ | 9.78 | $ | 9.60 | $ | 10.10 | $ | 9.91 | $ | 1.25 | $ | 0.98 | ||||||||||||
Quarter ended June 29, 2018 | $ | 9.85 | $ | 9.65 | $ | 10.25 | $ | 9.98 | $ | 1.35 | $ | 1.01 | ||||||||||||
Quarter ended September 28, 2018 | $ | 9.86 | $ | 9.76 | $ | 10.40 | $ | 10.00 | $ | 1.65 | $ | 1.22 | ||||||||||||
Quarter ended December 31, 2018 | $ | 9.88 | $ | 9.76 | $ | 10.45 | $ | 10.14 | $ | 1.70 | $ | 1.08 | ||||||||||||
| (1) | Beginning on January 22, 2018 with respect to RWGE and RWGE WS. |
(b) Holders
On December 31, 2018, there was one holder of record of our units, one holder of record of our Class A ordinary shares, one holder of our Class B ordinary shares and two holders of record of our warrants.
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(c) Dividends
We have not paid any cash dividends on our ordinary shares to date and do not intend to pay cash dividends prior to the completion of our initial business combination. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be dependent upon our revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements and general financial condition subsequent to completion of our initial business combination. The payment of any cash dividends subsequent to our initial business combination will be within the discretion of our board of directors at such time. In addition, our board of directors is not currently contemplating and does not anticipate declaring any stock dividends in the foreseeable future. Further, if we incur any indebtedness in connection with our initial business combination, our ability to declare dividends may be limited by restrictive covenants we may agree to in connection therewith.
(d) Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
None.
(e) Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities; Use of Proceeds from Registered Offerings
None.
Use of Proceeds
In connection with our initial public offering, the company incurred offering costs of approximately $17,419,000 (including underwriting commissions of $6,000,000 and deferred underwriting commissions of $10,500,000). Other incurred offering costs consisted principally of formation and preparation fees related to the initial public offering.
After deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions (excluding the deferred portion of $10,500,000, which amount will be payable upon consummation of the initial business combination, if consummated) and the initial public offering expenses, the total net proceeds from our initial public offering and the private placement of the private placement warrants was approximately $301,000,000 of which $300,000,000 (or $10.00 per Unit sold in the initial public offering) was placed in the trust account. As of December 31, 2018, approximately $566,000 was held outside the trust account and was being used to fund the company’s operating expenses. The net proceeds of the initial public offering and certain proceeds from the sale of the private placement warrants are held in the trust account and will be invested in U.S. government treasury bills with a maturity of 180 days or less or in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule2a-7 of the Investment Company Act which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations.
(f) Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
None.
| Item 6. | Selected Financial Data |
Not applicable.
| Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Annual Report. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Annual Report including, without limitation, statements under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” regarding the company’s financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. When used in this Annual Report, words
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such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend” and similar expressions, as they relate to us or the company’s management, identify forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, the company’s management. Actual results could differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors detailed in our filings with the SEC.
Overview
We are a blank check company incorporated on September 14, 2017 as a Cayman Islands exempted company and formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses.
We have not selected any business combination target. We intend to effectuate our initial business combination using cash from the proceeds of our initial public offering and the private placement of the private placement warrants and forward purchase securities, the proceeds of the sale of our shares in connection with our initial business combination (pursuant to forward purchase agreements or backstop agreements we may enter into following the consummation of our initial public offering or otherwise), shares issued to the owners of the target, debt issued to bank or other lenders or the owners of the target, or a combination of the foregoing.
The issuance of additional shares in connection with a business combination to the owners of the target or other investors, including the forward purchase shares:
| • | may significantly dilute the equity interest of investors in our securities, which dilution would increase if the anti-dilution provisions in the Class B ordinary shares resulted in the issuance of Class A ordinary shares on a greater thanone-to-one basis upon conversion of the Class B ordinary shares; |
| • | may subordinate the rights of holders of Class A ordinary shares if preference shares are issued with rights senior to those afforded our Class A ordinary shares; |
| • | could cause a change in control if a substantial number of our Class A ordinary shares are issued, which may affect, among other things, our ability to use our net operating loss carry forwards, if any, and could result in the resignation or removal of our present officers and directors; |
| • | may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of us by diluting the share ownership or voting rights of a person seeking to obtain control of us; and |
| • | may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our Class A ordinary shares and/or warrants. |
Similarly, if we issue debt securities or otherwise incur significant debt to bank or other lenders or the owners of a target, it could result in:
| • | default and foreclosure on our assets if our operating revenues after an initial business combination are insufficient to repay our debt obligations; |
| • | acceleration of our obligations to repay the indebtedness even if we make all principal and interest payments when due if we breach certain covenants that require the maintenance of certain financial ratios or reserves without a waiver or renegotiation of that covenant; |
| • | our immediate payment of all principal and accrued interest, if any, if the debt security is payable on demand; |
| • | our inability to obtain necessary additional financing if the debt security contains covenants restricting our ability to obtain such financing while the debt security is outstanding; |
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| • | our inability to pay dividends on our Class A ordinary shares; |
| • | using a substantial portion of our cash flow to pay principal and interest on our debt, which will reduce the funds available for dividends on our Class A ordinary shares if declared, expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes; |
| • | limitations on our flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in our business and in the industry in which we operate; |
| • | increased vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions and adverse changes in government regulation; and |
| • | limitations on our ability to borrow additional amounts for expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, execution of our strategy and other purposes and other disadvantages compared to our competitors who have less debt. |
As indicated in the accompanying financial statements, as of December 31, 2018, we had $565,693 in cash. Further, we expect to continue to incur significant costs in the pursuit of our initial business combination. We cannot assure you that our plans to complete our initial business combination will be successful.
Results of Operations and Known Trends or Future Events
Our entire activity for the year ended December 31, 2018 consisted of the search for a target business with which to consummate an initial business combination. As of December 31, 2018, $565,693 was held outside the trust account and was being used to fund the company’s operating expenses. Subsequent to the closing of our initial public offering on December 5, 2017, our normal operating costs included costs associated with our search for the business combination, costs associated with our governance and public reporting and charges of up to $20,000 per month from our sponsor for administrative services.
For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had net income of $4,312,427, which consisted of approximately $5,116,938 of interest income, offset by approximately $564,511 general and administrative costs including an administration fee of $240,000.
For the period from September 14, 2017 (date of inception) through December 31, 2017, we had net income of $174,619.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2018, we had approximately $566,000 in cash in our operating bank account and working capital of approximately $251,000.
Until the consummation of our initial public offering, our only source of liquidity was an initial sale of the founder shares to our sponsor and the proceeds of loans from our sponsor in the amount of $300,000. In connection with our initial public offering, we incurred offering costs of $17,419,000 (including underwriting discounts of $6,000,000 and deferred underwriting discounts of $10,500,000). Other incurred offering costs consisted principally of formation and preparation fees related to our initial public offering.
Upon the closing of our initial public offering, we generated $300,000,000 of net proceeds.
On December 5, 2017, simultaneously with the sale of the units, we completed a private placement with our sponsor for 5,333,333 private placement warrants at a purchase price of $1.50 per warrant, generating gross proceeds of $8,000,000.
Approximately $300,000,000 of the net proceeds from our initial public offering and the private placement warrants has been deposited in a trust account established for the benefit of our public shareholders. The $300,000,000 of net proceeds held in the trust account includes $10,500,000 of deferred underwriting discounts and commissions that will be released to the underwriters of the initial public offering upon completion of our initial business combination. Of the gross proceeds from the initial public offering that were not deposited in the trust account, $6,000,000 was used to pay
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underwriting discounts and commissions in the initial public offering and the balance was reserved to pay accrued offering and formation costs, business, legal and accounting due diligence expenses on prospective acquisitions and continuing general and administrative expenses.
We intend to use substantially all of the funds held in the trust account, including any amounts representing interest earned on the trust account not previously released to us (less taxes payable and deferred underwriting commissions) and the proceeds from the sale of the forward purchase securities to complete our initial business combination. We may withdraw interest to pay our income taxes, if any. To the extent that our equity or debt is used, in whole or in part, as consideration to complete our initial business combination, the remaining proceeds held in the trust account will be used as working capital to finance the operations of the target business or businesses, make other acquisitions and pursue our growth strategies.
If our estimates of the costs of identifying a target business, undertakingin-depth due diligence and negotiating an initial business combination are less than the actual amount necessary to do so, we may have insufficient funds available to operate our business prior to our initial business combination. In order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with an intended initial business combination, our sponsor, officers and directors or their respective affiliates intend to loan us funds as may be required on anon-interest basis. If we complete our initial business combination, we would repay such loaned amounts. In the event that our initial business combination does not close, we may use a portion of the working capital held outside the trust account to repay such loaned amounts but no proceeds from our trust account would be used for such repayment. Up to $1,500,000 of such loans may be convertible into warrants of the post business combination entity at a price of $1.50 per warrant at the option of the lender. The warrants would be identical to the private placement warrants. The terms of any such loans have not been determined, and no written agreement exists with respect thereto. Prior to the completion of our initial business combination, we do not expect to seek loans from parties other than our sponsor, officers, directors or their respective affiliates as we do not believe third parties will be willing to loan such funds and provide a waiver against any and all rights to seek access to funds in our trust account.
Moreover, we may need to obtain additional financing to complete our initial business combination, either because the transaction requires more cash than is available from the proceeds held in our trust account or because we become obligated to redeem a significant number of our public shares upon completion of the business combination, in which case we may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination because we do not have sufficient funds available to us, we will be forced to cease operations and liquidate the trust account. In addition, following our initial business combination, if cash on hand is insufficient, we may need to obtain additional financing in order to meet our obligations.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements; Commitments and Contractual Obligations
We do not have anyoff-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of RegulationS-K.
At December 31, 2018, we did not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations or long-term liabilities. On December 5, 2017, in connection with our initial public offering, we entered into an administrative services agreement with our sponsor, pursuant to which we pay a total of up to $20,000 per month for office space, utilities and administrative support. Upon completion of the initial business combination or our liquidation, we will cease paying these monthly fees.
The underwriters of our initial public offering are entitled to underwriting discounts of 5.5%, of which 2.0% ($6,000,000) was paid at the closing of our initial public offering, and 3.5% ($10,500,000) has been deferred. The deferred underwriting discounts will become payable to the underwriters from the amounts held in the trust account solely in the event that we complete an initial business combination, subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement. The underwriters are not entitled to any interest accrued on the deferred underwriting discounts.
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Critical Accounting Policies
Basis of presentation
The accompanying financial statements of the company are presented in U.S. dollars in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
Emerging growth company
Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply tonon-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. The company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near-term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Concentration of credit risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the company to concentration of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution which, at times may exceed the Federal depository insurance coverage of $250,000. At December 31, 2018, the company had not experienced losses on this account and management believes the company is not exposed to significant risks on such account.
Fair value of financial instruments
The fair value of the company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under FASB ASC Topic 820,“Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying balance sheet, primarily due to their short-term nature.
Offering costs
The company complies with the requirements of FASB ASC Topic340-10-S99-1 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5A — “Expenses of Offering.”Offering costs of $17,419,010, consisting principally of underwriting discounts and commissions of $16,500,000 (including approximately $10,500,000 of which payment is deferred) and $919,010 of professional, printing, filing, regulatory and other costs were charged to additionalpaid-in capital upon the closing of the initial public offering in December 2017.
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Income taxes
The company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under FASB ASC 740,“Income Taxes.”Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
FASB ASC Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must bemore-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The company’s management determined that the Cayman Islands is the company’s only major tax jurisdiction. The company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of December 31, 2018. The company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.
There is currently no taxation imposed on income by the Government of the Cayman Islands. In accordance with Cayman income tax regulations, income taxes are not levied on the company. Consequently, income taxes are not reflected in the company’s financial statements.
Redeemable ordinary shares
All of the 30,000,000 Class A ordinary shares sold as parts of the units in the initial public offering contain a redemption feature which allows for the redemption of such shares under the company’s amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 480, redemption provisions not solely within the control of the company require the security to be classified outside of permanent equity. Ordinary liquidation events, which involve the redemption and liquidation of all of the entity’s equity instruments, are excluded from the provisions of FASB ASC 480. Although the company has not specified a maximum redemption threshold, its amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that in no event will the company redeem its public shares in an amount that would cause its net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001.
The company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and will adjust the carrying value of the security at the end of each reporting period. Increases or decreases in the carrying amount of redeemable Class A ordinary shares shall be affected by charges against additional paid in capital.
Accordingly, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, 29,009,303 and 28,578,060 public shares, respectively, of 30,000,000 public shares were classified outside of permanent equity.
Private placement warrants
Each whole private placement warrant is exercisable for one whole Class A ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share. A portion of the purchase price of the private placement warrants has been added to the proceeds from the initial public offering to be held in the trust account such that at the closing of the initial public offering $300.0 million was held in the trust account. If the initial business combination is not completed within 24 months from the closing of the initial public offering, the proceeds from the sale of the private placement warrants held in the trust account will be used to fund the redemption of the public shares (subject to the requirements of applicable law) and the private placement warrants will expire worthless. The private placement warrants will benon-redeemable and exercisable on a cashless basis so long as they are held by our sponsor or its permitted transferees.
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Net income/(loss) per ordinary share
Net income/(loss) per ordinary share is computed by dividing net income applicable to ordinary shares by the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period. The company has not considered the effect of the warrants sold in the initial public offering and private placement with our sponsor to purchase an aggregate of 15,333,333 Class A ordinary shares in the calculation of diluted income per share, since their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. As a result, diluted income per ordinary share is the same as basic income per ordinary share for the period.
The company’s statements of operations include a presentation of net income per share for ordinary shares subject to redemption in a manner similar to thetwo-class method. Net income per ordinary share, basic and diluted for Class A ordinary shares is calculated by dividing the interest income earned on the trust account, net of any applicable income tax expense, by the weighted average number of Class A ordinary shares outstanding for the period. Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted for Class B ordinary shares is calculated by dividing the net loss, less income attributable to Class A ordinary shares, by the weighted average number of Class B ordinary shares outstanding for the period.
Related Parties
The company follows subtopic ASC850-10 for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions.
Pursuant toSection 850-10-20, the related parties include: (a) affiliates of the company (“affiliate” means, with respect to any specified person, any other person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act); (b) entities for which investments in their equity securities would be required, absent the election of the fair value option under the Fair Value Option Subsection ofSection 825-10-15, to be accounted for by the equity method by the investing entity; (c) trusts for the benefit of employees, such as pension and profit-sharing trusts that are managed by or under the trusteeship of management; (d) principal owners of the company; (e) management of the company; (f) other parties with which the company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests; and (g) other parties that can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or that have an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests.
Subsequent Events
The company evaluates subsequent events and transactions that occur after the balance sheet date for potential recognition or disclosure. Any material events that occur between the balance sheet date and the date that the financial statements were issued are disclosed as subsequent events, while the financial statements are adjusted to reflect any conditions that existed at the balance sheet date.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2018, the SEC adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-10532,Disclosure Update and Simplification, amending certain disclosure requirements that were redundant, duplicative, overlapping, outdated or superseded. In addition, the amendments expanded the disclosure requirements on the analysis of shareholders’ equity for financial statements. Under the amendments, an analysis of changes in each caption of shareholders’ equity presented in the balance sheet must be provided in a note or separate statement. The analysis should present a reconciliation of the beginning balance to the ending balance of each period for which a statement of comprehensive income is required to be filed. The company anticipates its first presentation of changes in shareholders’ equity, in accordance with the new guidance, will be included in its Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.
The company’s management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the company’s financial statements.
| Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |
For the year ended December 31, 2018, our efforts have been limited to the search for a target business with which to consummate an initial business combination. We have neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenues. We have not engaged in any hedging activities for the year ended December 31, 2018. We do not expect to engage in any hedging activities with respect to the market risk to which we are exposed.
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The net proceeds of our initial public offering and the sale of the private placement warrants held in the trust account have been invested in U.S. government treasury bills with a maturity of 180 days or less or in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule2a-7 under the Investment Company Act which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations. Due to the short-term nature of these investments, we believe there will be no associated material exposure to interest rate risk.
At December 31, 2018, $305,342,146 was held in the trust account for the purposes of consummating an initial business combination. If we complete an initial business combination within 24 months after the consummation of our initial public offering, funds in the trust account will be used to pay for the business combination redemptions of Class A ordinary shares, if any, the deferred underwriting compensation of $10,500,000 and accrued expenses related to the business combination. Any funds remaining will be made available to us to provide working capital to finance our operation.
| Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data |
This information appears following Item 16 of this Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference.
Index to Financial Statements
| Page | ||||
| F-2 | ||||
| F-3 | ||||
| F-4 | ||||
| F-5 | ||||
| F-6 | ||||
| F-7 | ||||
| Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. |
None.
| Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures. |
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in company reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As required by Rules13a-15 and15d-15 under the Exchange Act, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2018. Based upon their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules13a-15(e) and15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
As required by SEC rules and regulations implementing Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable
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assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
(1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of our company;
(2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and
(3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect errors or misstatements in our financial statements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree or compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting at December 31, 2018. In making these assessments, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013). Based on our assessments and those criteria, management determined that we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018.
This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of internal controls from our independent registered public accounting firm due to our status as an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the most recently completed fiscal quarter, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
| Item 9B. | Other Information |
None.
| Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance |
Directors and Executive Officers
As of the date of this Annual Report, our directors and officers are as follows:
Name | Age | Position | ||||
Marcel Q. H. van Poecke | 58 | Chairman of the Board | ||||
Robert Maguire | 62 | Director | ||||
Peter L. O’Brien | 48 | Director | ||||
Jacob Shields Ulrich | 65 | Director | ||||
Philippe Boisseau | 56 | Director | ||||
Brooke B. Coburn | 48 | President | ||||
Kevin R. Gasque | 40 | Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer | ||||
Marcel Q. H. van Poeckeis the Chairman of our Board of Directors. Mr. van Poecke has more than 25 years of experience in the Energy sector, primarily as an entrepreneur, investor and executive manager. He is the Chairman of Atlaslnvest group, a private holding and investment group and
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he served in that capacity since he founded it in 2007. Atlaslnvest is engaged in investments across the broad energy spectrum. Since 2013, Mr. van Poecke has been the Head of the CIEP International Energy Investment Team. CIEP focuses on the energy sector outside North America with a particular focus on oil and gas: upstream, midstream, downstream and oil field. Since 2009, Mr. van Poecke has been the Chairman of thenon-executive Board of Oranje-Nassau Energie (ONE), an Atlaslnvest portfolio company with oil and gas assets in the North Sea and West Africa, with a long track-record of running a diversified upstream portfolio. Furthermore, Mr. van Poecke is Director ornon-executive Director of the following CIEP portfolio companies: Assala Energy (since 2016), BSOG Activity Holding SRL (since 2016), Discover Exploration (since 2012), HES International B.V. (since 2014), Mazarine Energy B.V. (since 2016), Neptune Energy Group Limited (since 2016) and Varo Energy B.V. (since 2013). Prior to the forming of Atlaslnvest, Mr. van Poecke founded Petroplus from a management buyout in 1993 and successfully led its growth into the largest independent oil refiner in Europe through several major acquisitions and divestments as Chief Executive Officer. Petroplus was taken private in 2005 in a transaction led by Carlyle/Riverstone and management. In 2006, Mr. van Poecke exited Petroplus following the company’s successful IPO on the Zurich stock exchange. Mr. van Poecke has a degree in Agricultural Business Administration from the University of Wageningen and a Masters in Business Administration from the William E. Simon School of Management of the University of Rochester.
Robert Maguireis a member of our Board of Directors. Mr. Maguire has been a Managing Director for CIEP since February 2014 focusing on further developing and growing Carlyle’s international energy platform. From May 2009 to February 2014, Mr. Maguire was a Partner at Perella Weinberg Partners, but prior to that worked as an investment banker for over 21 years at Morgan Stanley and was involved in many of the largest transactions within the energy sector. Mr. Maguire holds an AB from Princeton University (1977), an MA from Oxford University (1980) and a JD from the University of Virginia School of Law (1983).
Mr. Maguire is also a Director ornon-executive of the following CIEP portfolio companies: Assala Energy (since 2016), BSOG Activity Holding SRL (since 2016), Neptune Energy Group Limited (since 2016) and Mazarine Energy B.V. (since 2016).
Peter L. O’Brienis a member of our Board of Directors. Mr. O’Brien invests in energy and financial services sectorstart-ups, with a focus on Russian companies, and also serves as a consultant for energy companies. Mr. O’Brien is a member of the board of directors of several publicly traded companies. Since 2012, Mr. O’Brien has been a director and Chairman of the Audit Committee of PAO TMK. Mr. O’Brien has also been the Chairman of the Board of Directors ofTransfm-M since 2013. Since 2015, Mr. O’Brien has served as a director of Transcontainer (USA), Inc. and as a director and Chairman of the Audit Committee of T Plus Group. In 2017, Mr. O’Brien became a member of the Board of Directors of Sberbank CIB USA. From 2006 to 2011, Mr. O’Brien served as Chief Financial Officer of Rosneft, an integrated oil company in Russia, during which time, Rosneft completed an initial public offering. From 2002 to 2006, Mr. O’Brien was the head of Morgan Stanley’s Investment Banking practice in Moscow, with a focus on the oil & gas sector. Mr. O’Brien has a degree in Russian Studies from Duke University and a Masters in Business Administration from Columbia Business School, and graduated from the Advanced Management Program at Harvard Business School.
Jacob Shields Ulrichis a member of our Board of Directors. Since 2013, Mr. Ulrich has been thenon-executive Chairman of the Board of Directors of Sterling Resources Ltd., an exploration and production company that had assets in the UK, North Sea, Romania, Netherlands and France. From 2013 to 2016, Mr. Ulrich served as Chief Executive Officer of Sterling Resources Ltd. Prior to joining Sterling, Mr. Ulrich advised various natural resources companies and has been thenon-executive Chairman of the Board of Astrakhan Oil Co. since 2011. Mr. Ulrich also served on the board of Mediterranean Oil & Gas (2012-2014) and Mitra (2012-2015). From 2008 to 2011, Mr. Ulrich was a Senior Energy Advisor inOch-Ziff Capital Management Group in London, where he was responsible for developingOch-Ziff s portfolio of upstream, renewable and infrastructure investments in the EU, Africa and Middle East. Mr. Ulrich has a degree in Engineering from the University of Maryland and a Masters in Business Administration from the University of Chicago.
Philippe Boisseau is a member of our Board of Directors. Mr. Boisseau also serves as a member of the advisory board of the Energy Intelligence Group since 2018 and as an advisor to the Carlyle Group since December 2017. He is also on the board of Assala Energy since December 2017 and since December 2018 on the board of Enermech, two Carlyle International Energy Partners Assets. He also serves on the board ofI-Pulse Inc. since
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November 2017. Finally, he serves as senior advisor to Tellurian Inc. a US gas liquefaction Company. Previously, Mr. Boisseau served as President, Marketing and Services, a global division of the Total Group and a member of the Executive Committee of Total S.A. (EPA: FP), a French oil and gas company, from January 2012 to April 2016. Mr. Boisseau also served as President of Total Gas et Energies Nouvelles (formerly known as Total Gas & Power), a division of Total S.A., from February 2007 to December 2011 and remained in charge of the New Energies activities until April 2016. He also previously served as a member of Total S.A.’s Management Committee since January 2005. He served as President, Middle East of Total S.A.’s Exploration & Production division between 2002 and February 2007 and, before that, as General Manager of Total Austral in Argentina from 1999 to 2002. From 1995 to 1999, he worked in several management positions within the Refining and Marketing division in the United States and France. At the beginning of his career, he served in various positions within French government ministries. Mr. Boisseau graduated from the leading French engineering school, École Polytechnique, and also holds a DEA (master’s degree) in particle physics from the École Normale Supérieure.
Brooke B. Coburnhas served as President since our inception. Mr. Coburn joined The Carlyle Group in 1996 and is currently a Managing Director, Chief Operating Officer of Carlyle’s Energy and Natural Resources Platform, a position he has held since 2016, and, since 2006, has served asCo-Head of Carlyle Growth Partners and Carlyle Equity Opportunity Fund, the US Middle Market Buyout and Growth Capital activities of The Carlyle Group. Mr. Coburn is a founding member of Carlyle’s US Middle Market and Growth practice. Mr. Coburn serves on the investment committees of Carlyle’s three global Middle Market and Growth Capital investment funds, as well as the firm’s four global Energy & Natural Resource funds, including CIEP. Since June 2017, Mr. Coburn has served as a member of the Board of Directors of Capitol Investment Corp. IV, an unaffiliated special purpose acquisition company which trades on the NYSE. Other than any fees received by Mr. Coburn in connection with serving as a director, to our knowledge, none of our affiliates has received any benefits from Capitol Investment Corp. IV. As of the date of this Annual Report, Capitol Investment Corp. IV. has not completed an initial business combination. From June 2007 until its merger with Two Harbors in October 2009, Mr. Coburn served as a Special Advisor to Capitol Acquisition Corp. Since he joined Carlyle in 1996, Mr. Coburn has led orco-led more than 25 Carlyle investments across a broad range of sectors including cybersecurity, communications, energy and natural resources, media, software and technology-enabled services. Investments include Apollo Global (acquired by Apollo Group), Bredbandsbolaget (acquired by Telenor), Catapult Learning, Coalfire Systems, Command Information (acquired by Salient Federal), Core Location (acquired by El Paso Global Networks), ECI Software (acquired by Apax Partners), Gemcom Software (acquired by Dassault Systemes), Genesis Cable (acquired by Benchmark Communications), Matrics Technologies (acquired by Symbol Technologies), Neptune Communications (acquired by Global Crossing), NetMotion Wireless, NorthPoint Communications (IPO), Pacific Telecom Cable (acquired by management), Prime Communications (acquired by Comcast), PrimeSport, Sonitrol Holding Corp. (acquired by Stanley Works), WCI Cable (acquired by Alaska Communications), Wall Street English (acquired by Pearson plc), Wall Street Institute (acquired by Pearson plc) and Worldstrides (acquired by Metalmark and management). Prior to joining Carlyle, Mr. Coburn was with Salomon Brothers, Inc. where he focused on M&A and capital raising assignments in the Media & Communications Group. Mr. Coburn received his B.A. from Princeton University with honors. Mr. Coburn serves on the boards of severalnon-profit organizations, including the Washington National Cathedral, where he also serves as Chairman of the Investment Committee.
Kevin R. Gasquehas served as Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer since our inception. Since January 2016, Mr. Gasque has been a Principal and Energy and Natural Resources Fund CFO with Carlyle. From July 2011 to December 2015, Mr. Gasque was a vice president at Carlyle. Mr. Gasque is responsible for the operations of Carlyle’s Energy and Natural Resources funds, including funds investing globally in energy, power generation and infrastructure. Mr. Gasque oversees transaction structuring and execution, fund formation, financial reporting and investor relations for these funds. Since 2016, Mr. Gasque has been a member of the Board of Directors of Cogentrix Power Holdings LLC. Prior to joining Carlyle in July 2011, Mr. Gasque was a Senior Manager in the Financial Analysis and Compliance Team at American Capital focusing on portfolio company valuations and transaction due diligence. Prior to that, Mr. Gasque was the Vice President of Finance for the Washington Redskins. Mr. Gasque received his B.B.A. in accounting from James Madison University and was a CPA in the state of Virginia from 2005 to 2008.
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Number and Terms of Office of Officers and Directors
Our board of directors is divided into three classes, each of which will generally serve for a term of three years with only one class of directors being elected in each year. There is no cumulative voting with respect to the election of directors, with the result that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voted for the election of directors can elect all of the directors. Our shareholders are entitled to receive ratable dividends when, as and if declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available therefor.
In accordance with NYSE corporate governance requirements, we are not required to hold an annual meeting until one year after our first fiscal year end following our listing on the NYSE. There is no requirement under the Companies Law for us to hold annual or general meetings or elect directors. We may not hold an annual meeting of shareholders to elect new directors prior to the consummation of our initial business combination. Prior to the completion of an initial business combination, any vacancy on the board of directors may be filled by a nominee chosen by holders of a majority of our founder shares. In addition, prior to the completion of an initial business combination, holders of a majority of our founder shares may remove a member of the board of directors for any reason.
We have two officers. Mr. Coburn has served as our President and Mr. Gasque has served our Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer, each since inception.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Audit Committee
Jacob Shields Ulrich, Peter L. O’Brien and Philippe Boisseau serve as members of our audit committee, all of whom are independent. Each member of the audit committee is financially literate and our board of directors has determined that Peter L. O’Brien qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in applicable SEC rules.
The audit committee operates pursuant to a charter and is responsible for:
| • | meeting with our independent registered public accounting firm regarding, among other issues, audits, and adequacy of our accounting and control systems; |
| • | monitoring the independence of the independent registered public accounting firm; |
| • | verifying the rotation of the lead (or coordinating) audit partner having primary responsibility for the audit and the audit partner responsible for reviewing the audit as required by law; |
| • | inquiring and discussing with management our compliance with applicable laws and regulations; |
| • | pre-approving all audit services and permittednon-audit services to be performed by our independent registered public accounting firm, including the fees and terms of the services to be performed; |
| • | appointing or replacing the independent registered public accounting firm; |
| • | determining the compensation and oversight of the work of the independent auditor (including resolution of disagreements between management and the independent registered public accounting firm regarding financial reporting) for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or related work; |
| • | establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by us regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or reports which raise material issues regarding our financial statements or accounting policies; |
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| • | monitoring compliance on a quarterly basis with the terms of our initial public offering and, if any noncompliance is identified, immediately taking all action necessary to rectify such noncompliance or otherwise causing compliance with the terms of our initial public offering; and |
| • | reviewing and approving all payments made to our existing shareholders, officers or directors and their respective affiliates. Any payments made to members of our audit committee will be reviewed and approved by our board of directors, with the interested director or directors abstaining from such review and approval. |
Nominating Committee
The members of our nominating committee are Peter L. O’Brien, Jacob Shields Ulrich and Robert Maguire, each of whom is an independent director under the NYSE’s listing standards. The nominating committee is responsible for overseeing the selection of persons to be nominated to serve on our board of directors. The nominating committee considers persons identified by its members, management, shareholders, investment bankers and others.
The guidelines for selecting nominees, which are specified in the charter of the nominating committee, generally provide that persons to be nominated:
| • | should have demonstrated notable or significant achievements in business, education or public service; |
| • | should possess the requisite intelligence, education and experience to make a significant contribution to the board of directors and bring a range of skills, diverse perspectives and backgrounds to its deliberations; and |
| • | should have the highest ethical standards, a strong sense of professionalism and intense dedication to serving the interests of the shareholders. |
The nominating committee considers a number of qualifications relating to management and leadership experience, background and integrity and professionalism in evaluating a person’s candidacy for membership on the board of directors. The nominating committee may require certain skills or attributes, such as financial or accounting experience, to meet specific board needs that arise from time to time and will also consider the overall experience and makeup of its members to obtain a broad and diverse mix of board members. The nominating committee does not distinguish among nominees recommended by shareholders and other persons.
Compensation Committee
The members of our compensation committee are Peter L. O’Brien, Jacob Shields Ulrich and Robert Maguire. We adopted a compensation committee charter, which details the principal functions of the compensation committee, including:
| • | reviewing and approving on an annual basis the corporate goals and objectives relevant to our officers’ compensation, evaluating our officers’ performance in light of such goals and objectives and determining and approving the remuneration (if any) of our officers based on such evaluation; |
| • | reviewing and approving the compensation of all of our other Section 16 officers; |
| • | reviewing our executive compensation policies and plans; |
| • | implementing and administering our incentive compensation equity-based remuneration plans; |
| • | assisting management in complying with our proxy statement and annual report disclosure requirements; |
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| • | approving all special perquisites, special cash payments and other special compensation and benefit arrangements for our officers and employees; |
| • | producing a report on executive compensation to be included in our annual proxy statement; and |
| • | reviewing, evaluating and recommending changes, if appropriate, to the remuneration for directors. |
Notwithstanding the foregoing, as indicated above, other than the up to $20,000 per month administrative fee payable to an affiliate of our sponsor and reimbursement of expenses, no other compensation of any kind, including finders, consulting or other similar fees, will be paid by us to any of our officers, directors or any of their respective affiliates, prior to, or for any services they render in order to effectuate, the consummation of a business combination. Accordingly, it is likely that prior to the consummation of an initial business combination, the compensation committee will only be responsible for the review and recommendation of any compensation arrangements to be entered into in connection with such initial business combination.
The charter also provides that the compensation committee may, in its sole discretion, retain or obtain the advice of a compensation consultant, legal counsel or other adviser and will be directly responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of any such adviser. However, before engaging or receiving advice from a compensation consultant, external legal counsel or any other adviser, the compensation committee will consider the independence of each such adviser, including the factors required by the NYSE and the SEC.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of our executive officers currently serves, and in the past year has not served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board of directors.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our officers, directors and persons who beneficially own more than ten percent of our ordinary shares to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC. These reporting persons are also required to furnish us with copies of all Section 16 (a) forms they file. Based solely upon a review of such forms, we believe that during the year ended December 31, 2018 there were no delinquent filers.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to our officers and directors. We have filed a copy of our Code of Ethics as an exhibit to our registration statement in connection with our initial public offering. You may review our Code of Ethics by accessing our public filings at the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov. In addition, a copy of the Code of Ethics will be provided without charge upon request to us.
Limitation on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors
Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against willful default, fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide for indemnification of our officers and directors to the maximum extent permitted by law, including for any liability incurred in their capacities as such, except through their own actual fraud, willful default or willful neglect.
We entered into agreements with our officers and directors to provide contractual indemnification in addition to the indemnification provided for in our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. We have purchased a policy of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance that insures our officers and directors against the cost of defense, settlement or payment of a judgment in some circumstances and insures us against our obligations to indemnify our officers and directors.
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We believe that these provisions, the insurance and the indemnity agreements are necessary to attract and retain talented and experienced officers and directors.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
| Item 11. | Executive Compensation Discussion and Analysis |
Commencing on September 14, 2017 through the earlier of the consummation of our initial business combination or our liquidation, we will pay our sponsor up to $20,000 per month for office space, utilities and secretarial support. We will not pay any compensation, including finder’s and consulting fees, to our sponsor, officers and directors, or any of their respective affiliates, for services rendered prior to or in connection with the completion of our initial business combination. However, these individuals will be reimbursed for anyout-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with activities on our behalf such as identifying potential target businesses and performing due diligence on suitable business combinations. Our audit committee will review on a quarterly basis all payments that were made to our sponsor, officers or directors, or our or their affiliates.
After the completion of our initial business combination, directors or members of our management team who remain with us may be paid consulting, management or other fees from the combined company. All of these fees will be fully disclosed to shareholders, to the extent then known, in the tender offer materials or proxy solicitation materials furnished to our shareholders in connection with a proposed business combination. It is unlikely the amount of such compensation will be known at the time, because the directors of the post-combination business will be responsible for determining executive and director compensation. Any compensation to be paid to our officers will be determined by our compensation committee.
We do not intend to take any action to ensure that members of our management team maintain their positions with us after the consummation of our initial business combination, although it is possible that some or all of our officers and directors may negotiate employment or consulting arrangements to remain with us after the initial business combination. The existence or terms of any such employment or consulting arrangements to retain their positions with us may influence our management’s motivation in identifying or selecting a target business but we do not believe that the ability of our management to remain with us after the consummation of our initial business combination will be a determining factor in our decision to proceed with any potential business combination. We are not party to any agreements with our officers and directors that provide for benefits upon termination of employment.
| Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters |
The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of March 15, 2019 based on information obtained from the persons named below, with respect to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares, by:
| • | each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding ordinary shares; |
| • | each of our executive officers and directors that beneficially owns our ordinary share; and |
| • | all our executive officers and directors as a group. |
In the table below, percentage ownership is based on 30,000,000 Class A ordinary shares (which includes Class A ordinary shares that are underlying the units) and 7,500,000 Class B ordinary shares outstanding as of March 15, 2019. Voting power represents the combined voting power of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares owned beneficially by such person. On all matters to be voted upon, the holders of the Class A
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ordinary shares and the Class B ordinary shares vote together as a single class. Currently, all of the Class B ordinary shares are convertible into Class A ordinary shares on aone-for-one basis. The table below does not include the Class A ordinary shares underlying the private placement warrants held by our sponsor because these securities are not exercisable within 60 days of this Annual Report.
Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ordinary shares beneficially owned by them.
| Class B Ordinary Shares | Class A Ordinary Shares | |||||||||||||||||||
Name of Beneficial Owners(1) | Number of Shares Beneficially Owned | Approximate Percentage of Class | Number of Shares Beneficially Owned | Approximate Percentage of Class | Approximate Percentage of Voting Control | |||||||||||||||
Angelo, Gordon & Co., L.P.(2) | — | — | 2,000,000 | 6.67 | % | 5.33 | % | |||||||||||||
Fir Tree Capital management LP(3) | — | — | 1,500,000 | 5.00 | % | 4.00 | % | |||||||||||||
Polar Asset Management Partners Inc.(4) | — | — | 2,200,400 | 7.33 | % | 5.87 | % | |||||||||||||
Apollo Credit Strategies Master Fund Ltd.(5) | — | — | 2,960,762 | 9.87 | % | 7.90 | % | |||||||||||||
Adage Capital Partners, L.P.(6) | — | — | 1,999,998 | 6.67 | % | 5.33 | % | |||||||||||||
Weiss Asset Management(7) | — | — | 2,552,181 | 8.51 | % | 6.81 | % | |||||||||||||
CIEP Sponsor Ltd.(8) | 7,500,000 | 100.0 | % | — | — | 20.00 | % | |||||||||||||
Marcel Q. H. van Poecke | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
Robert Maguire | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
Peter L. O’Brien | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
Jacob Shields Ulrich | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Brooke B. Coburn | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Kevin R. Gasque | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Philippe Boisseau | ||||||||||||||||||||
All directors and executive officers as a group (seven individuals) | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| * | Less than 1 percent. |
| (1) | Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each of the following entities or individuals is c/o The Carlyle Group, 1001 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W., Suite 220 South, Washington, D.C. 20004. |
| (2) | As of December 31, 2018, as reported on Schedule 13G. Angelo, Gordon & Co., L.P. is an investment adviser registered under Section 203 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The business address of Angelo, Gordon & Co., L.P. is 245 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10167. The shares are owned by Angelo, Gordon & Co., L.P. The sole general partner of Angelo, Gordon & Co., L.P is AG Partners, L.P., and the general partner of AG Partners, L.P. is JAMG LLC. |
| (3) | As of December 31, 2018, as reported on Schedule 13G. Fir Tree Capital Management LP is an investment adviser registered under Section 203 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The business address of Fir Tree Capital Management LP is 55 West 46th Street, 29th Floor, New York, New York 10036. |
| (4) | As of December 31, 2018, as reported on Schedule 13G. Polar Asset Management Partners Inc. is a company incorporated under the laws of Ontario, Canada which serves as the investment manager to Polar Multi Strategy Master Fund (“PMSMF”) and certain managed accounts (together with PMSMF, the “Polar Vehicles”) with respect to the Class A ordinary shares directly held by the Polar Vehicles. The business address of Polar Asset Management Partners Inc. is 401 Bay Street, Suite 1900, PO Box 19, Toronto, Ontario M5H 2Y4, Canada. |
| (5) | As of December 31, 2018, as reported on Schedule 13G. The business address of Apollo Credit Strategies Master Fund Ltd. (“Credit Strategies”) is c/o Maples Corporate Services Limited, P.O. Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman, KY1 and 1104, Cayman Islands. The business address of ApolloA-N Credit Fund (Delaware), L.P.(“A-N Credit”) is One Manhattanville Road, Suite 201, Purchase, New York 10577. The business office of each of Apollo ST Fund Management LLC (“ST Management”), Apollo ST Operating LP (“ST Operating”), Apollo ST Capital LLC (“ST Capital”), ST Management Holdings, LLC (“ST Management Holdings”), ApolloA-N Credit Management, LLC(“A-N Credit Management”), Apollo Capital Management, L.P. (“Capital Management���), Apollo Capital management GP, LLC (“Capital Management GP”), Apollo Management Holdings, L.P. (“Management Holdings”) and Apollo Management Holdings GP, LLC (“Management Holdings GP”) is 9 W. 57th Street, 43rd Floor, New York, 10019. Credit Strategies andA-N Credit each hold securities of the company. ST Management serves as the investment manager for Credit Strategies. ST Operating is the sole member of ST Management. The general partner of ST Operating is ST Capital. ST Management Holdings is the sole member of ST Capital.A-N Credit Management serves as the investment manager forA-N Credit. Capital Management serves as the sole member ofA-N Credit Management and the sold member and manager of ST Management Holdings. Capital Management GP serves as the general partner of Capital Management. Management Holdings serves as the sole member and manager of Capital Management GP, and Management Holdings GP serves as the general partner of Management Holdings. |
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| (6) | As of December 31, 2018, as reported on Schedule 13G. The business address of each of Adage Capital Partners, L.P. (“ACP”), Adage Capital Partners GP, L.L.C. (“ACPGP”), Adage Capital Advisors, L.L.C. (“ACA”), Robert Atchinson and Phillip Gross is 200 Clarendon Street, 52nd Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02116. ACP has the power to dispose of and the power to vote the Class A ordinary shares beneficially owned by it, which power may be exercised by its general partners, ACPGP. ACA, as managing member of ACPGP, directs ACPGP’s operations. ACPGP and ACA may be deemed to beneficially own the shares owned by ACP. Messrs. Atchinson and Gross, as managing members of ACA, have shared power to vote the Class A ordinary shares beneficially owned by ACP. |
| (7) | As of December 31, 2018, as reported on Schedule 13G. The business address of each of Weiss Asset Management LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“Weiss Asset Management”), BIP GP LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“BIP GP”), WAM GP LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“WAM GP”) and Andrew M. Weiss, Ph.D., a United States citizen (“Andrew Weiss”) is 222 Berkeley St., 16th floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02116. Weiss Asset Management is the sole investment manager to the Partnership. WAM GP is the sole general partner of Weiss Asset Management. Andrew Weiss is the managing member of WAM GP and BIP GP. |
| (8) | There are three managers of our sponsor’s board of managers. Each manager has one vote, and the approval of two of the three members of the board of managers is required to approve an action of our sponsor. Under theso-called “rule of three,” if voting and dispositive decisions regarding an entity’s securities are made by two or more individuals, and a voting and dispositive decision requires the approval of a majority of those individuals, then none of the individuals is deemed a beneficial owner of the entity’s securities. This is the situation with regard to our sponsor. Based upon the foregoing analysis, no individual manager of our sponsor exercises voting or dispositive control over any of the securities held by our sponsor, even those in which he directly holds a pecuniary interest. Accordingly, none of them will be deemed to have or share beneficial ownership of such shares. |
Our sponsor, officers and directors are deemed to be our “promoter” as such term is defined under the federal securities laws.
Changes in Control
None.
| Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence |
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions,
In September 2017, we issued to our sponsor 8,625,000 founder shares in exchange for a capital contribution of $25,000, or approximately $0.003 per share. Prior to the initial investment in our company of $25,000 by our sponsor, we had no assets, tangible or intangible. The per share price of the founder shares was determined by dividing the amount contributed to the Company by the number of founder shares issued. The number of founder shares issued was determined based on the expectation that the total size of our initial public offering would be a maximum of 34,500,000 units if the underwriters’ over-allotment option had been exercised in full, and therefore that such founder shares would represent 20% of the outstanding shares after our initial public offering. Our sponsor surrendered for no consideration 1,125,000 founder shares upon the expiration of the underwriters’ over-allotment option.
In addition, our sponsor purchased 5,333,333 private placement warrants, each exercisable to purchase one Class A ordinary share at $11.50 per share, at a price of $1.50 per warrant (approximately $8,000,000 in the aggregate), in a private placement that closed simultaneously with the closing of our initial public offering. The private placement warrants (including the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the private placement warrants) may not, subject to certain limited exceptions, be transferred, assigned or sold until 30 days after the completion of our initial business combination.
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In connection with the consummation of the initial public offering, we entered into a forward purchase agreement with our sponsor pursuant to which it agreed to purchase up to 25,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, plus up to 8,333,333 warrants, for a purchase price of $10.00 per forward purchase unit, or an aggregate purchase price of up to $250,000,000 in a private placement that will close substantially concurrently with the closing of our initial business combination. Our sponsor will purchase a number of forward purchase units that will result in gross proceeds to us necessary to enable us to consummate our initial business combination and pay related fees and expenses, after first applying amounts available to us from the trust account (after paying the deferred underwriting discounts and commissions and giving effect to any redemptions of public shares) and any other financing source obtained by us for such purpose at or prior to the consummation of our initial business combination, plus any additional amounts mutually agreed by us and our sponsor to be retained by the post-business combination company for working capital or other purposes. Our sponsor’s obligation to purchase forward purchase units is conditioned on, among other things, our completing an initial business combination with a company engaged in a business that is within the investment objectives of CIEP and on the business combination (including the target assets or business, and the terms of the business combination) being reasonably acceptable to CIEP. The investment objective of CIEP is to make equity investments in energy companies (excluding power generation, transmission and renewable energy) that are primarily based or operating outside of North America. In addition, the forward purchase agreement provides that without the consent of our sponsor, we may not issue any securities in connection with our initial business combination other than the forward purchase securities.
In determining whether a business combination target is reasonably acceptable to CIEP, we expect that CIEP would consider many of the same criteria as we will consider, but will consider whether the investment is an appropriate investment for CIEP.
We currently maintain our executive offices at 1001 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W., Suite 220 South, Washington, D.C. 20004. The cost for our use of this space is included in the up to $20,000 per month fee we will pay to our sponsor for office space, administrative and support services, commencing on the date that our securities are first listed on the NYSE. Upon completion of our initial business combination or our liquidation, we will cease paying these monthly fees. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the fee in connection with such services was $240,000.
Other than the monthly administrative fees, no compensation of any kind, including finder’s fees, will be paid by us to our sponsor, officers and directors, or any of their respective affiliates, for services rendered prior to or in connection with the completion of an initial business combination. However, these individuals will be reimbursed for anyout-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with activities on our behalf such as identifying potential target businesses and performing due diligence on suitable business combinations. Our audit committee will review on a quarterly basis all payments that were made to our sponsor, officers, directors or our or their affiliates.
Our sponsor previously loaned to us $300,000. This loan wasnon-interest bearing and unsecured. The loan was repaid in full in March 2018.
In addition, in order to finance transaction costs in connection with an intended initial business combination, our sponsor, officers, directors or their respective affiliates may, but are not obligated to, loan us funds as may be required on anon-interest basis. If we complete an initial business combination, we would repay such loaned amounts. In the event that our initial business combination does not close, we may use a portion of the working capital held outside the trust account to repay such loaned amounts but no proceeds from our trust account would be used for such repayment. Up to $1,500,000 of such loans may be convertible into warrants of the post business combination entity at a price of $1.50 per warrant at the option of the lender. The warrants would be identical to the private placement warrants. Prior to the completion of our initial business combination, we do not expect to seek loans from other third parties as we do not believe third parties will be willing to loan such funds and provide a waiver against any and all rights to seek access to funds in our trust account. The terms of any such loans have not been determined, and no written agreement exists with respect thereto.
After our initial business combination, members of our management team who remain with us may be paid consulting, management or other fees from the combined company with any and all amounts being fully disclosed to our shareholders, to the extent then known, in the proxy solicitation or tender offer materials, as applicable, furnished to our shareholders. It is unlikely the amount of such compensation will be known at the time of distribution of such tender offer materials or at the time of a shareholder meeting held to consider our initial business combination, as applicable, as it will be up to the directors of the post-combination business to determine executive and director compensation.
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We entered into a registration rights agreement with our sponsor with respect to the founder shares and private placement warrants and warrants issuable upon conversion of working capital loans (if any). The holders of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that we register such securities. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to our completion of our initial business combination. However, the registration rights agreement provides that we will not permit any registration statement filed under the Securities Act to become effective until termination of the applicable lockup period, which occurs (i) in the case of the founder shares, upon the earlier of (A) one year after the completion of our initial business combination or (B) the date on which we complete a liquidation, merger, share exchange or other similar transaction after our initial business combination that results in all of our public shareholders having the right to exchange their Class A ordinary shares for cash, securities or other property, provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the founder shares will be released from thelock-up if the closing price of our Class A ordinary shares equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for share splits, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any30-trading day period commencing at least 150 days after our initial business combination and (ii) in the case of the private placement warrants and the respective Class A ordinary shares underlying such warrants, 30 days after the completion of our initial business combination. We will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.
Our audit committee must review and approve any related person transaction we propose to enter into. Our audit committee charter details the policies and procedures relating to transactions that may present actual, potential or perceived conflicts of interest and may raise questions as to whether such transactions are consistent with the best interest of our company and our shareholders. A summary of such policies and procedures is set forth below.
Any potential related party transaction that is brought to the audit committee’s attention will be analyzed by the audit committee, in consultation with outside counsel or members of management, as appropriate, to determine whether the transaction or relationship does, in fact, constitute a related party transaction. At its meetings, the audit committee will be provided with the details of each new, existing or proposed related party transaction, including the terms of the transaction, the business purpose of the transaction and the benefits to us and to the relevant related party.
In determining whether to approve a related party transaction, the audit committee must consider, among other factors, the following factors to the extent relevant:
| • | whether the terms of the transaction are fair to us and on the same basis as would apply if the transaction did not involve a related party; |
| • | whether there are business reasons for us to enter into the transaction; |
| • | whether the transaction would impair the independence of an outside director; |
| • | whether the transaction would present an improper conflict of interest for any director or executive officer; and |
| • | anypre-existing contractual obligations. |
Any member of the audit committee who has an interest in the transaction under discussion must abstain from any voting regarding the transaction, but may, if so requested by the chairman of the audit committee, participate in some or all of the audit committee’s discussions of the transaction. Upon completion of its review of the transaction, the audit committee may determine to permit or to prohibit the transaction.
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Director Independence
NYSE listing standards require that a majority of our board of directors be independent. Our board of directors has determined that Jacob Shields Ulrich, Peter L. O’Brien, Robert Maguire, Marcel Q. H. van Poecke and Philippe Boisseau are “independent directors” as defined in the NYSE listing standards and that Messrs. Ulrich, O’Brien and Boisseau are independent with respect to applicable SEC rules. Our independent directors will have regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent directors are present.
| Item 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services. |
The following is a summary of fees paid to WithumSmith+Brown, PC (“Withum”), for services rendered.
Audit Fees.Audit fees consist of fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of ouryear-end financial statements and services that are normally provided by Withum in connection with regulatory filings. The aggregate fees billed by Withum for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements and other required filings with the SEC for the year ended December 31, 2018 and for the period from September 14, 2017 (date of inception) through December 31, 2017, including services in connection with our initial public offering, totaled $67,000 and $49,500, respectively. The above amounts include interim review procedures and audit fees, as well as attendance at audit committee meetings.
Audit-Related Fees.Audit-related services consist of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.” These services include attest services that are not required by statute or regulation and consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards. For the year ended December 31, 2018 and for the period from September 14, 2017 (date of inception) through December 31, 2017, we did not pay Withum for consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards.
Tax Fees. We did not pay Withum for tax planning and tax advice for the year ended December 31, 2018 and for the period from September 14, 2017 (date of inception) through December 31, 2017.
All Other Fees.We did not pay Withum for other services for the year ended December 31, 2018 and for the period from September 14, 2017 (date of inception) through December 31, 2017.
Pre-Approval Policy
Our audit committee was formed upon the consummation of our initial public offering. As a result, the audit committee did notpre-approve all of the foregoing services, although any services rendered prior to the formation of our audit committee were approved by our board of directors. Since the formation of our audit committee, and on a going-forward basis, the audit committee has and willpre-approve all auditing services and permittednon-audit services to be performed for us by our auditors, including the fees and terms thereof (subject to the de minimisexceptions fornon-audit services described in the Exchange Act which are approved by the audit committee prior to the completion of the audit).
| Item 15. | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules |
| (a) | The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report: |
| (1) | Financial Statements |
| (2) | Exhibits |
We hereby file as part of this Annual Report the exhibits listed in the attached Exhibit Index. |
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EXHIBIT INDEX
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document | |
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |
| * | Filed herewith |
| ** | Furnished herewith |
| (1) | Incorporated by reference to the registrant’s Current Report on Form8-K, filed with the SEC on December 6, 2017. |
| (2) | Incorporated by reference to the registrant’s Current Report on Form8-K, filed with the SEC on December 11, 2017. |
| (3) | Incorporated by reference to the registrant’s Amendment No. 3 to FormS-1, filed with the SEC on November 24, 2017. |
| Item 16. | Form10-K Summary |
Not applicable.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Annual Report on Form10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| March 15, 2019 | REGALWOOD GLOBAL ENERGY LTD. | |||||
| By: | /s/ Brooke B. Coburn | |||||
| Name: | Brooke B. Coburn | |||||
| Title: | President | |||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Annual Report on Form10-K has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Name | Position | Date | ||
/s/ Brooke B. Coburn Brooke B. Coburn | President (Principal Executive Officer) | March 15, 2019 | ||
/s/ Kevin R. Gasque Kevin R. Gasque | Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | March 15, 2019 | ||
/s/ Marcel Q. H. van Poecke Marcel Q. H. van Poecke | Director | March 15, 2019 | ||
/s/ Robert Maguire Robert Maguire | Director | March 15, 2019 | ||
/s/ Philippe Boisseau Philippe Boisseau | Director | March 15, 2019 | ||
REGALWOOD GLOBAL ENERGY LTD.
Audited Financial Statements of Regalwood Global Energy Ltd.:
| Page | ||||
| F-2 | ||||
| F-3 | ||||
| F-4 | ||||
| F-5 | ||||
| F-6 | ||||
| F-7 | ||||
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of
Regalwood Global Energy Ltd.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Regalwood Global Energy Ltd. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related statements of operations, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows, for the year ended December 31, 2018 and for the period from September 14, 2017 (date of inception) through December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 and for the period from September 14, 2017 (date of inception) through December 31, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Going Concern
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, if the Company does not complete a business combination by December 5, 2019, then the Company will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding down and liquidating. This mandatory liquidation and subsequent dissolution raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ WithumSmith+Brown, PC
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.
New York, New York
March 15, 2019
F-2
REGALWOOD GLOBAL ENERGY LTD.
| December 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | |||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||
Current assets: | ||||||||
Cash | $ | 565,693 | $ | 1,425,363 | ||||
Prepaid expenses | 97,083 | 202,250 | ||||||
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Total current assets | 662,776 | 1,627,613 | ||||||
Investments held in Trust Account | 305,342,146 | 300,225,208 | ||||||
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Total assets | $ | 306,004,922 | $ | 301,852,821 | ||||
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LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
Current liabilities: | ||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 399,617 | $ | 166,784 | ||||
Note payable — sponsor | — | 300,000 | ||||||
Advances from related party | 12,269 | 105,428 | ||||||
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Total current liabilities | 411,886 | 572,212 | ||||||
Deferred underwriting compensation | 10,500,000 | 10,500,000 | ||||||
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Total liabilities | 10,911,886 | 11,072,212 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies: | ||||||||
Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption (29,009,303 and 28,578,060 shares at approximately $10.00 per share as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively) | 290,093,030 | 285,780,600 | ||||||
Shareholders’ equity: | ||||||||
Preference shares, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding | — | — | ||||||
Class A ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value, 350,000,000 shares authorized, 990,697 and 1,421,940 shares issued and outstanding (excluding 29,009,303 and 28,578,060 shares subject to possible redemption) at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively | 99 | 142 | ||||||
Class B ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, 7,500,000 shares issued and outstanding | 750 | 750 | ||||||
Additionalpaid-in capital | 512,111 | 4,824,498 | ||||||
Retained earnings | 4,487,046 | 174,619 | ||||||
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Total shareholders’ equity | 5,000,006 | 5,000,009 | ||||||
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Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 306,004,922 | $ | 301,852,821 | ||||
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See accompanying notes to financial statements.
F-3
REGALWOOD GLOBAL ENERGY LTD.
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 | For the Period from September 14, 2017 (date of inception) through December 31, 2017 | |||||||
REVENUE | $ | — | $ | — | ||||
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EXPENSES | ||||||||
Administrative fee — related party | 240,000 | — | ||||||
General and administrative expenses | 564,511 | 50,589 | ||||||
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TOTAL EXPENSES | (804,511 | ) | (50,589 | ) | ||||
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OTHER INCOME | ||||||||
Interest income | 5,116,938 | 225,208 | ||||||
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TOTAL OTHER INCOME | 5,116,938 | 225,208 | ||||||
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Net income | $ | 4,312,427 | $ | 174,619 | ||||
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Two Class Method: | ||||||||
Weighted average number of Class A ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted | 30,000,000 | 30,000,000 | ||||||
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Basic and diluted net income per ordinary share, Class A | $ | 0.17 | $ | 0.01 | ||||
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Weighted average number of Class B ordinary shares outstanding, basic and diluted | 7,500,000 | 7,500,000 | ||||||
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Basic and diluted net loss per ordinary share, Class B | $ | (0.11 | ) | $ | (0.01 | ) | ||
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See accompanying notes to financial statements.
F-4
REGALWOOD GLOBAL ENERGY LTD.
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
For the Period from September 14, 2017 (date of inception) through December 31, 2018
| Class A Ordinary | Class B Ordinary | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Shareholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balances as of September 14, 2017 | — | $ | — | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||
Sale of Class B ordinary shares to Sponsor at approximately $0.002 per share | — | — | 7,500,000 | 750 | 24,250 | — | 25,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Sale of Units in Public Offering | 30,000,000 | 3,000 | — | — | 299,997,000 | — | 300,000,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Underwriters’ discount and offering expenses | — | — | — | — | (17,419,010 | ) | — | (17,419,010 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Sale of 5,333,333 Private Placement Warrants at $1.50 per warrant | — | — | — | — | 8,000,000 | — | 8,000,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Shares subject to possible redemption | (28,578,060 | ) | (2,858 | ) | — | — | (285,777,742 | ) | — | (285,780,600 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | — | — | — | 174,619 | 174,619 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Balances as of December 31, 2017 | 1,421,940 | 142 | 7,500,000 | 750 | 4,824,498 | 174,619 | 5,000,009 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Change in value of ordinary shares subject to possible redemption | (431,243 | ) | (43 | ) | — | — | (4,312,387 | ) | — | (4,312,430 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | — | — | — | 4,312,427 | 4,312,427 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Balances as of December 31, 2018 | 990,697 | $ | 99 | 7,500,000 | $ | 750 | $ | 512,111 | $ | 4,487,046 | $ | 5,000,006 | ||||||||||||||||
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See accompanying notes to financial statements.
F-5
REGALWOOD GLOBAL ENERGY LTD.
| Cash Flows From Operating Activities: | For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 | For the Period from September 14, 2017 (date of inception) through December 31, 2017 | ||||||
Net income | $ | 4,312,427 | $ | 174,619 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
Investment income earned on Investments held in Trust Account | (5,116,938 | ) | (225,208 | ) | ||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
Prepaid expenses | 105,167 | (12,250 | ) | |||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 352,263 | 62,839 | ||||||
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Net Cash Used In Operating Activities | (347,081 | ) | — | |||||
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Cash Flows From Investing Activities: | ||||||||
Cash deposited into Trust Account | — | (300,000,000 | ) | |||||
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Net Cash Used In Investment Activities | — | (300,000,000 | ) | |||||
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Cash Flows From Financing Activities: | ||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of Class A ordinary shares | — | 300,000,000 | ||||||
Proceeds from sale of Private Placement Warrants | — | 8,000,000 | ||||||
Payment of underwriter discounts and commissions | — | (6,000,000 | ) | |||||
Payment of offering costs | — | (574,637 | ) | |||||
Payment of advances from related party | (212,589 | ) | — | |||||
Payment of related party promissory note | (300,000 | ) | — | |||||
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Net Cash Provided By (Used In) Financing Activities | (512,589 | ) | 301,425,363 | |||||
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Net increase (decrease) in cash | (859,670 | ) | 1,425,363 | |||||
Cash at beginning of period | 1,425,363 | — | ||||||
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Cash at end of period | $ | 565,693 | $ | 1,425,363 | ||||
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Supplemental disclosure ofnon-cash financing activities: | ||||||||
Change in value of ordinary shares subject to possible redemption | $ | 4,312,430 | $ | 285,780,600 | ||||
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Payment to related parties for offering costs and general and administrative expenses paid on behalf of the Company | $ | 119,430 | $ | 405,428 | ||||
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Deferred underwriters’ discounts and commissions | $ | — | $ | 10,500,000 | ||||
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Offering costs included in accrued expenses | $ | — | $ | 103,945 | ||||
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Offering costs paid by Sponsor in exchange for Class B ordinary shares | $ | — | $ | 25,000 | ||||
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See accompanying notes to financial statements.
F-6
REGALWOOD GLOBAL ENERGY LTD.
Note 1. Description of Organization and Business Operations
Organizational and General
Regalwood Global Energy Ltd. (the “Company”) is a blank check company incorporated in the Cayman Islands on September 14, 2017. The Company was formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses (an “Initial Business Combination”). Although the Company is not limited to a particular industry or geographic region for purposes of consummating its Initial Business Combination, the Company intends to make investments in oil and gas exploration and production, midstream, refining and marketing and energy services companies outside of North America that may provide opportunities for attractive risk-adjusted returns. The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”) as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”).
As of December 31, 2018, the Company had not yet commenced operations. All activity through December 31, 2018 relates to the Company’s formation, the preparation for the initial public offering (the “Public Offering”) and the search for a prospective Initial Business Combination. The Company will not generate any operating revenues until after completion of its Initial Business Combination, at the earliest. The Company generatesnon-operating income in the form of interest income on investments from the net proceeds derived from the Public Offering and a portion of the proceeds from the sale, simultaneous with the consummation of the Public Offering, of 5,333,333 warrants (the “Private Placement Warrants”) at a purchase price of $1.50 per warrant to the Company’s sponsor, CIEP Sponsor Ltd., a Cayman Islands company (the “Sponsor”) in a private placement (the “Private Placement”).
The Company intends to finance its Initial Business Combination with proceeds from the Public Offering (Note 3), the sale of the Private Placement Warrants (Note 3), and additional issuances of the Company’s capital stock, debt or a combination of the foregoing. Upon the closings of the Public Offering and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants, approximately $300,000,000 was placed in a trust account (the “Trust Account”) (discussed below).
The registration statement for the Company’s Public Offering (as described in Note 3) was declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on November 30, 2017.
On October 3, 2018, the Company received notice from the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) that it was not currently in compliance with the requirement of Section 802.01B of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual (the “Manual”) that the Company’s Class A ordinary shares be held by a minimum of 300 public shareholders.
Pursuant to such notice, the Company is subject to the procedures set forth in Sections 801 and 802 of the Manual. The Company submitted a business plan that demonstrates how the Company expects to return to compliance with the minimum public shareholders requirement within 18 months of receipt of the notice. The Company anticipates that it will satisfy this listing requirement within such time period once it locates a target business with which to consummate an initial business combination.
Trust Account
The proceeds held in the Trust Account are and will be invested only in U.S. government securities with a maturity of one hundred eighty (180) days or less or in money market funds that meet certain conditions under Rule2a-7 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and that invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations, as determined by the Company. These funds will remain in the Trust Account until the earlier of (i) the consummation of the Initial Business Combination or (ii) the distribution of the Trust Account proceeds as described below. The remaining proceeds outside the Trust Account may be used to pay for business, legal and accounting due diligence on prospective acquisitions and continuing general and administrative expenses.
The Company’s amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that, other than the withdrawal of interest to pay tax obligations, none of the funds held in the Trust Account will be released until the earliest of: (i) the completion of the Initial Business Combination; (ii) the redemption of any Class A ordinary shares
F-7
included in the Units (the “Public Shares”) sold in the Public Offering that have been properly tendered in connection with a shareholder vote to amend the Company’s amended and restated memorandum and articles of association to affect the substance or timing of its obligation to redeem 100% of such Public Shares if it has not consummated an Initial Business Combination within 24 months from the closing of the Public Offering; or (iii) the redemption of 100% of the Public Shares if the Company is unable to complete an Initial Business Combination within 24 months from the closing of the Public Offering. The proceeds deposited in the Trust Account could become subject to the claims of the Company’s creditors, if any, which could have priority over the claims of the Company’s public shareholders.
Initial Business Combination
The Company’s management has broad discretion with respect to the specific application of the net proceeds of the Public Offering, although substantially all of the net proceeds of the Public Offering are intended to be generally applied toward consummating an Initial Business Combination. If the Company’s securities continue to be listed on the NYSE, the Initial Business Combination must occur with one or more target businesses that together have an aggregate fair market value of at least 80% of the assets held in the Trust Account (excluding the deferred underwriting commissions and taxes payable on income earned on the Trust Account) at the time of the agreement to enter into the Initial Business Combination. Furthermore, there is no assurance that the Company will be able to successfully effect an Initial Business Combination.
The Company, after signing a definitive agreement for an Initial Business Combination, will either (i) seek shareholder approval of the Initial Business Combination at a meeting called for such purpose in connection with which shareholders may seek to redeem their shares, regardless of whether they vote for or against the Initial Business Combination, for cash equal to their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account as of two business days prior to the consummation of the Initial Business Combination, including interest but less taxes payable, or (ii) provide shareholders with the opportunity to sell their Public Shares to the Company by means of a tender offer (and thereby avoid the need for a shareholder vote) for an amount in cash equal to their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account as of two business days prior to the consummation of the Initial Business Combination, including interest but less taxes payable. However, in no event will the Company redeem its Public Shares in an amount that would cause its net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001. In such case, the Company would not proceed with the redemption of its Public Shares and the related Initial Business Combination, and instead may search for an alternate Initial Business Combination. The decision as to whether the Company will seek shareholder approval of the Initial Business Combination or will allow shareholders to sell their Public Shares in a tender offer will be made by the Company, solely in its discretion, and will be based on a variety of factors such as the timing of the transaction and whether the terms of the transaction would otherwise require the Company to seek shareholder approval, unless a vote is required by law or under NYSE rules. If the Company seeks shareholder approval, it will complete its Initial Business Combination only if a majority of the ordinary shares voted are voted in favor of the Initial Business Combination.
If the Company holds a shareholder vote or there is a tender offer for shares in connection with an Initial Business Combination, a public shareholder will have the right to redeem its shares for an amount in cash equal to its pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account as of two business days prior to the consummation of the Initial Business Combination, including interest but less taxes payable. As a result, such Class A ordinary shares are classified as temporary equity upon the completion of the Public Offering, in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.”
Pursuant to the Company’s amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, if the Company is unable to complete an Initial Business Combination within 24 months from the closing of the Public Offering, the Company will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, subject to lawfully available funds therefor, redeem the Public Shares, at aper-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to the Company to pay income taxes, if any (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding Public Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), subject to applicable law, and (iii) as promptly as reasonably
F-8
possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of the Company’s remaining shareholders and the Company’s board of directors, dissolve and liquidate, subject in each case to the Company’s obligations under Cayman Islands’ law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. The Sponsor and the Company’s officers and directors entered into a letter agreement with the Company, pursuant to which they agreed to waive their rights to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to any Founder Shares (as defined below) held by them if the Company fails to complete an Initial Business Combination within 24 months of the closing of the Public Offering. However, if the Sponsor or any of the Company’s officers or directors acquires any Class A ordinary shares in or after the Public Offering, such person will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to such shares if the Company fails to complete an Initial Business Combination within the prescribed time period.
In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company after an Initial Business Combination, the Company’s shareholders are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining available for distribution to them after payment of liabilities and after provision is made for each class of ordinary shares, if any, having preference over the ordinary shares. The Company’s shareholders have no preemptive or other subscription rights. There are no sinking fund provisions applicable to the ordinary shares, except that the Company will provide its shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their Public Shares for cash equal to their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, upon the completion of the Initial Business Combination, subject to the limitations described herein.
Mandatory Liquidation and Going Concern Considerations
The Company only has 24 months from the closing date of the Public Offering (until December 5, 2019) to complete an Initial Business Combination. If the Company does not complete an Initial Business Combination within 24 months from the closing date of the Public Offering, the Company will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up; (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible, but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the Public Shares, at aper-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to the Company to pay the Company’s franchise and income taxes (less up to $100,000 of such net interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding Public Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), subject to applicable law, and (iii) as promptly as possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of the Company’s remaining shareholders and the Company’s board of directors, dissolve and liquidate, subject in each case to the Company’s obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. The Sponsor and the Company’s officers and directors entered into a letter agreement with the Company, pursuant to which they agreed to waive their rights to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to any Founder Shares held by them if the Company fails to complete the Initial Business Combination within 24 months of the closing of the Public Offering. However, if the Sponsor or any of the Company’s directors, officers or affiliates acquire shares of Class A ordinary shares in or after the Public Offering, they will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to such shares if the Company fails to complete the Initial Business Combination within the prescribed time period.
In the event of liquidation, it is possible that the per share value of the residual assets remaining available for distribution (including Trust Account assets) will be less than the initial public offering price per Unit in the Public Offering.
In connection with our assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards Updated (“ASU”) 2014-15, “Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern”, the Company determined that the mandatory liquidation and subsequent dissolution raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. No adjustments have been made to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities should the Company be required to liquidate after the end of business on December 5, 2019.
As of December 31, 2018, the Company does not have sufficient liquidity to meet its future obligations. Management has determined that the Company has access to funds in the form of working capital loans of up to $1,500,000 from the Sponsor entity that are sufficient to fund the working capital needs of the Company until the Initial Business Combination or December 5, 2019. See Note 4.
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of presentation
The accompanying financial statements of the Company are presented in U.S. dollars in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the accounting and disclosure rules and regulations of the SEC.
F-9
Emerging growth company
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply tonon-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.
Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near-term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Concentration of credit risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution which, at times may exceed the Federal depository insurance coverage of $250,000. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had not experienced losses on this account and management believes the Company is not exposed to significant risks on such account.
Fair value of financial instruments
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying balance sheets, primarily due to their short-term nature.
Income taxes
The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under FASB ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.” Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences
F-10
attributable to differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
FASB ASC Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must bemore-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company’s management determined that the Cayman Islands is the Company’s only major tax jurisdiction. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of December 31, 2018 or 2017. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.
There is currently no taxation imposed on income by the Government of the Cayman Islands. In accordance with Cayman income tax regulations, income taxes are not levied on the Company. Consequently, income taxes are not reflected in the Company’s financial statements.
Redeemable ordinary shares
The Company accounts for its Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in FASB ASC Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” Shares of Class A ordinary shares subject to mandatory redemption (if any) are classified as liability instruments and are measured at fair value. Shares of conditionally redeemable Class A ordinary shares (including Class A ordinary shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) are classified as temporary equity. At all other times, shares of Class A ordinary shares are classified as shareholders’ equity. The Company’s Class A ordinary shares feature certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of the Company’s control and subject to the occurrence of uncertain future events.
As discussed in Note 1, all of the 30,000,000 Public Shares contain a redemption feature which allows for the redemption of such shares under the Company’s amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 480, redemption provisions not solely within the control of the Company require the security to be classified outside of permanent equity. Ordinary liquidation events, which involve the redemption and liquidation of all of the entity’s equity instruments, are excluded from the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 480. Although the Company has not specified a maximum redemption threshold, its amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that in no event will the Company redeem its Public Shares in an amount that would cause its net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001.
The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and will adjust the carrying value of the securities at the end of each reporting period. Increases or decreases in the carrying amount of redeemable Class A ordinary shares shall be affected by charges against additional paid in capital.
Accordingly, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, 29,009,303 and 28,578,060, respectively, of 30,000,000 Public Shares were classified outside of permanent equity.
Private Placement Warrants
Each whole Private Placement Warrant is exercisable for one whole Class A ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share. A portion of the purchase price of the Private Placement Warrants has been added to the proceeds from the Public Offering to be held in the Trust Account such that at the closing of the Public Offering $300,000,000 was held in the Trust Account. If an Initial Business Combination is not completed within 24 months from the closing of the Public Offering, the proceeds from the sale of the Private Placement Warrants held in the Trust Account will be used to fund the redemption of the Public Shares (subject to the requirements of applicable law) and the Private Placement Warrants will expire worthless. The Private Placement Warrants will benon-redeemable and exercisable on a cashless basis so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees.
F-11
Net income (loss) per ordinary share
The Company complies with accounting and disclosure requirements of FASB ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share.”Net income (loss) per ordinary share is computed by dividing net income applicable to ordinary shares by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the period. The Company has not considered the effect of the warrants sold in the Public Offering and Private Placement to purchase an aggregate of 15,333,333 Class A ordinary shares in the calculation of diluted income per share, since their inclusion would be anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method. As a result, diluted net income per ordinary share is the same as basic net income per ordinary share for the periods presented.
The Company’s statements of operations include a presentation of net income (loss) per share for ordinary shares subject to redemption in a manner similar to thetwo-class method. Net income per ordinary share, basic and diluted for Class A ordinary shares is calculated by dividing the interest income earned on the Trust Account, less applicable income tax expense, by the weighted average number of Class A ordinary shares outstanding for the period. Net loss per ordinary share, basic and diluted for Class B ordinary shares is calculated by dividing the net income, less income attributable to Class A ordinary shares, by the weighted average number of Class B ordinary shares outstanding for the period.
Related Parties
The Company follows FASB ASC subtopic850-10 for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions.
Pursuant toSection 850-10-20, the Company’s related parties include: (a) affiliates of the Company (“Affiliate” means, with respect to any specified person, any other person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act); (b) entities for which investments in their equity securities would be required, absent the election of the fair value option under the Fair Value Option Subsection ofSection 825-10-15, to be accounted for by the equity method by the investing entity; (c) trusts for the benefit of employees, such as pension and profit-sharing trusts that are managed by or under the trusteeship of management; (d) principal owners of the Company; (e) management of the Company; (f) other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests; and (g) other parties that can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or that have an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests.
Subsequent Events
The Company evaluates subsequent events and transactions that occur after the balance sheet date for potential recognition or disclosure. Any material events that occur between the balance sheet date and the date that the financial statements were issued are disclosed as subsequent events, while the financial statements are adjusted to reflect any conditions that existed at the balance sheet date.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2018, the SEC adopted the final rule under SEC ReleaseNo. 33-10532,Disclosure Update and Simplification, amending certain disclosure requirements that were redundant, duplicative, overlapping, outdated or superseded. In addition, the amendments expanded the disclosure requirements on the analysis of shareholders’ equity for financial statements. Under the amendments, an analysis of changes in each caption of shareholders’ equity presented in the balance sheet must be provided in a note or separate statement. The analysis should present a reconciliation of the beginning balance to the ending balance of each period for which a statement of comprehensive income is required to be filed. The Company anticipates its first presentation of changes in shareholders’ equity, in accordance with the new guidance, will be included in its Form10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.
F-12
The Company’s management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
NOTE 3. PUBLIC OFFERING
In the Public Offering, the Company sold 30,000,000 units at a price of $10.00 per unit (the “Units”). The Sponsor purchased 5,333,333 Private Placement Warrants at a price of $1.50 per warrant in a private placement that occurred simultaneously with the completion of the Public Offering.
Each Unit consists of one Class A ordinary share, $0.0001 par value, andone-third of one warrant (each, a “Warrant” and, collectively, the “Warrants”). Each whole Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one Class A ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share. No fractional shares will be issued upon separation of the Units and only whole Warrants will trade. Each Warrant will become exercisable on the later of 30 days after the completion of the Company’s Initial Business Combination or twelve months from the closing of the Public Offering and will expire five years after the completion of the Company’s Initial Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. Once the Warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the outstanding Warrants in whole and not in part at a price of $0.01 per Warrant upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption, if and only if the last sale price of the Company’s Class A ordinary shares equals or exceeds $18.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the Company sent the notice of redemption to the Warrant holders.
The Company granted the underwriters a45-day option to purchase up to 4,500,000 additional Units to cover any over-allotments at the Public Offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions. The Units that would be issued in connection with the over-allotment option would be identical to the Units issued in the Public Offering. The option to purchase the additional Units was not exercised and therefore 1,125,000 Founder Shares were forfeited by the Sponsor.
The Company paid underwriting discounts of 2.0% of the per Unit offering price to the underwriters at the closing of the Public Offering, with an additional fee (the “Deferred Discount”) of 3.5% of the gross offering proceeds payable upon the Company’s completion of an Initial Business Combination. The Deferred Discount will become payable to the underwriters from the amounts held in the Trust Account solely in the event the Company completes its Initial Business Combination.
NOTE 4. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Founder Shares
In September 2017, the Sponsor entered into a Securities Subscription Agreement, for the purchase of 8,625,000 Class B ordinary shares by the Sponsor (the “Founder Shares”) in exchange for a capital contribution of $25,000, or approximately $0.003 per share. As used herein, unless the context otherwise requires, “Founder Shares” shall be deemed to include the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon conversion thereof.
The Founder Shares are identical to the Public Shares except that the Founder Shares are Class B ordinary shares which automatically convert into Class A ordinary shares at the time of the Company’s Initial Business Combination and are subject to certain transfer restrictions, as described in more detail below.
The Sponsor agreed, subject to limited exceptions, not to transfer, assign or sell any of its Founder Shares until the earliest of (a) one year after the completion of the Initial Business Combination or (b) the date on which the Company completes a liquidation, merger, share exchange or other similar transaction after an Initial Business Combination that results in all of the Company’s shareholders having the right to exchange their Class A ordinary shares for cash, securities or other property. Any permitted transferees will be subject to the same restrictions and other agreements of the Sponsor with respect to any Founder Shares. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the closing price of the Class A ordinary shares equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for share splits, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any30-trading day period commencing at least 150 days after the Initial Business Combination, the Founder Shares will be released from such transfer restrictions.
F-13
The Sponsor agreed, subject to limited exceptions, not to transfer, assign or sell any of their Private Placement Warrants until 30 days after the completion of the Initial Business Combination.
In January 2018, the Underwriters’ over-allotment option expired and as a result the Sponsor forfeited 1,125,000 Class B ordinary shares.
Registration Rights
The holders of Founder Shares, Private Placement Warrants and Warrants that may be issued upon conversion of working capital loans, if any, will be entitled to registration rights (in the case of the Founder Shares, only after conversion of such shares to Class A ordinary shares) pursuant to a registration rights agreement entered into in connection with the consummation of the Public Offering. These holders will be entitled to certain demand and “piggyback” registration rights.
However, the registration rights agreement provides that the Company will not permit any registration statement filed under the Securities Act to become effective until termination of the applicablelock-up period. The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any registration statements under the agreement.
Forward Purchase Agreement
On December 5, 2017, the Company entered into a forward purchase agreement (the “Forward Purchase Agreement”) pursuant to which the Sponsor agreed to purchase Units consisting of up to 25,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, plus up to 8,333,333 warrants (the “Forward Purchase Warrants”), for an aggregate purchase price of up to $250,000,000 or $10.00 per unit (collectively, the “Forward Purchase Units”). The Forward Purchase Warrants have the same terms as the Private Placement Warrants.
The obligations under the Forward Purchase Agreement do not depend on whether any public shareholders elect to redeem their shares in connection with the Initial Business Combination and provide the Company with a minimum funding level for the Initial Business Combination. Additionally, the obligations of the Sponsor to purchase the Forward Purchase Units are subject to termination prior to the closing of the sale of such Units by mutual written consent of the Company and the Sponsor, or automatically: (i) if the Initial Business Combination is not consummated within 24 months from the closing of the Public Offering, unless extended up to a maximum of sixty (60) days in accordance with the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association; or (ii) if the Sponsor or the Company become subject to any voluntary or involuntary petition under the United States federal bankruptcy laws or any state insolvency law, in each case which is not withdrawn within sixty (60) days after being filed, or a receiver, fiscal agent or similar officer is appointed by a court for business or property of the Sponsor or the Company in each case which is not removed, withdrawn or terminated within sixty (60) days after such appointment. In addition, the obligations of the Sponsor to purchase the Forward Purchase Units are subject to fulfillment of customary closing conditions, including that the Initial Business Combination must be consummated substantially concurrently with the purchase of the Forward Purchase Units.
Promissory Note — Related Party
The Sponsor agreed to loan the Company up to $300,000 to be used for the payment of costs related to the Public Offering. The loan wasnon-interest bearing, unsecured and due upon demand on the earlier of the closing of the Public Offering or April 30, 2018. The Company borrowed $300,000 under the promissory note in order to pay offering costs. The outstanding balance on the loan was repaid in full in March 2018.
Advances from Related Parties
An Affiliate of the Company’s executive officers and the Sponsor paid certain administrative expenses and offering costs on behalf of the Company. These advances were due on demand and werenon-interest bearing. These related parties paid certain administrative expenses and offering costs on behalf of the Company in the amount of $224,842. The outstanding balance on the December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $12,269 and $105,428, respectively.
F-14
Administrative Service Fee
The Company agreed, commencing on the effective date of the Public Offering through the earlier of the Company’s consummation of an Initial Business Combination and its liquidation, to pay an Affiliate of the Sponsor a monthly fee of up to $20,000 for office space, and secretarial and administrative services. The Company incurred $240,000 for such expenses under the administrative services agreement for the year ended December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, the outstanding payable due was $240,000 and included in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the accompanying balance sheet.
Related Party Loans
In order to finance transaction costs in connection with an Initial Business Combination, an affiliate of the Sponsor intends to loan the Company funds (“Working Capital Loans”). If the Company completes an Initial Business Combination, the Company would repay the Working Capital Loans out of the proceeds of the Trust Account released to the Company. Otherwise, the Working Capital Loans would be repaid only out of funds held outside the Trust Account. Except for the foregoing, the terms of such Working Capital Loans, if any, have not been determined and no written agreements exist with respect to such loans. The Working Capital Loans would either be repaid upon consummation of an Initial Business Combination, without interest, or, at the lender’s discretion, up to $1,500,000 of such Working Capital Loans may be convertible into Warrants of the post Initial Business Combination entity at a price of $1.50 per Warrant. The Warrants would be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were no Working Capital Loans outstanding.
NOTE 5. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Class A Ordinary Shares — The Company is authorized to issue 350,000,000 Class A ordinary shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Holders of the Company’s Class A ordinary shares are entitled to one vote for each share. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were 30,000,000 Class A ordinary shares issued and outstanding, of which 29,009,303 shares and 28,578,060 shares were classified outside of permanent equity, respectively.
Class B Ordinary Shares— The Company is authorized to issue 50,000,000 Class B ordinary shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Holders of the Company’s Class B ordinary shares are entitled to one vote for each share. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were 7,500,000 Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding. The number of Class B ordinary shares outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 excludes 1,125,000 Class B ordinary shares that were forfeited in January 2018 since the over-allotment option was not exercised by the underwriters. The Class B ordinary shares will automatically convert into Class A ordinary shares on the first business day following the consummation of the Initial Business Combination. The ratio at which Class B ordinary shares will convert into Class A ordinary shares will be such that the number of Class A ordinary shares issuable upon conversion of all Class B ordinary shares will equal, in the aggregate, on anas-converted basis, 20% of the sum of (i) the total number of Class A ordinary shares outstanding upon the completion of the Public Offering, plus (ii) the sum of (a) the total number of Class A ordinary shares issued or deemed issued or issuable upon conversion or exercise of any equity-linked securities or rights issued or deemed issued, by the Company in connection with or in relation to the consummation of the Initial Business Combination, (excluding securities issued as part of the Forward Purchase Units) excluding any Class A ordinary shares or equity-linked securities exercisable for or convertible into Class A ordinary shares issued, or to be issued, to any seller in the Initial Business Combination and any Warrants issued to the Sponsor upon conversion of Working Capital Loans, minus (b) the number of Public Shares redeemed by public shareholders in connection with the Initial Business Combination.
Holders of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares will vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders except as required by law.
Preference Shares — The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 preference shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were no preference shares issued or outstanding.
F-15
Warrants— Warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares. No fractional Warrants will be issued upon separation of the Units and only whole Warrants will trade. The Warrants will become exercisable on the later of (a) 30 days after the completion of an Initial Business Combination or (b) twelve months from the closing of the Public Offering; provided in each case that the Company has an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and a current prospectus relating to them is available (or the Company permits holders to exercise their Warrants on a cashless basis and such cashless exercise is exempt from registration under the Securities Act). The Company agreed that as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 15 business days, after the closing of the Initial Business Combination, the Company will use its reasonable best efforts to file with the SEC a registration statement for the registration, under the Securities Act, of the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants. The Company will use its reasonable best efforts to cause the same to become effective and to maintain the effectiveness of such registration statement, and a current prospectus relating thereto, until the expiration of the Warrants in accordance with the provisions of the warrant agreement. If a registration statement covering the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants is not effective by the sixtieth (60th) day after the closing of the Initial Business Combination, warrant holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and during any period when the Company will have failed to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise Warrants on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act or another exemption. The Warrants will expire five years after the completion of the Initial Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.
The Private Placement Warrants are identical to the Warrants, except that the Private Placement Warrants and the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the Private Placement Warrants will not be transferable, assignable or salable until 30 days after the completion of an Initial Business Combination, subject to certain limited exceptions. Additionally, the Private Placement Warrants will benon-redeemable so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees. If the Private Placement Warrants are held by someone other than the Sponsor or its permitted transferees, the Private Placement Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Warrants.
The Company may call the Warrants for redemption (except with respect to the Private Placement Warrants):
| • | in whole and not in part; |
| • | at a price of $0.01 per warrant; |
| • | upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption; and |
| • | if, and only if, the last reported closing price of the ordinary shares equals or exceeds $18.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders. |
If the Company calls the Warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the warrant agreement, the exercise price and number of Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a share dividend, or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the Warrants will not be adjusted for issuance of Class A ordinary shares at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant shares. If the Company is unable to complete an Initial Business Combination within 24 months from the consummation of the Public Offering and the Company liquidates the funds held in the Trust Account, holders of Warrants will not receive any of such funds with respect to their Warrants, nor will they receive any distribution from the Company’s assets held outside of the Trust Account with the respect to such Warrants. Accordingly, the Warrants may expire worthless.
NOTE 6. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The following table presents information about the Company’s assets that are measured on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques that the Company utilized to determine such fair value. In general, fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs utilize data points that are observable, such as quoted prices, interest rates and yield curves. Fair values determined by Level 3
F-16
inputs are unobservable data points for the asset or liability, and includes situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability.
Description | Fair Value | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) | Significant | Significant | ||||||||
Investments held in Trust Account | ||||||||||||
December 31, 2018 | $ | 305,342,146 | $ | 305,342,146 | $— | $— | ||||||
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December 31, 2017 | $ | 300,225,208 | $ | 300,225,208 | $— | $— | ||||||
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F-17
