Warrants | Warrants Liability Classified Warrants The following table presents the change in the liability balance associated with the liability classified warrants, which are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy from January 1, 2023 to June 30, 2024 : Warrants ($) Balance as of January 1, 2023 $ 261,569 Additional warrants issued — Change in fair value (5,033) Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 256,536 Additional warrants issued — Change in fair value (4,868) Balance as of June 30, 2024 $ 251,668 As of June 30, 2024 , the Company has issued a customer a warrant to purchase up to $1.00 million of capital stock in a future round of financing at a 20% discount of the lowest price paid by another investor. The warrant was issued on November 9, 2016. There is no vesting period, and the warrant expires on November 30, 2026. The Company evaluated the provisions of ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, noting the warrant should be classified as a liability due to its settlement being for a variable number of shares and potentially for a class of shares not yet authorized. The warrant was determined to have a fair value of $250 thousand which was recorded as a Deferred contract acquisition asset and to a Warrant liability during the year ended December 31, 2016 and was amortized as a revenue discount prior to the current periods presented. The fair value of the warrant was estimated on the date of grant by estimating the warrant’s intrinsic value on issuance using the estimated fair value of the Company as a whole and has a balance of $250 thousand as of June 30, 2024 . On December 16, 2016, the Company issued an investor warrant to purchase $50 thousand worth of shares of our Class A Common Stock. The warrants have no vesting period and expires on December 16, 2026. The warrant agreement states that the investor is entitled to the “number of shares of Common Stock with a Fair Market Value as of the Determination Date of $50,000”. The determination date is defined as the “date that is the earlier of (A) the conversion of the investor’s Note into the equity interests of the Company or (B) the maturity date of the Note.” The investor converted the referenced Note on June 30, 2020, therefore, defining the determination date. The number of shares to be purchased is settled as 6,418 shares as of June 30, 2020. The exercise price of the warrants is variable until the exercise date. The Company used a Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model to determine the fair value of the warrants and uses this model to assess the fair value of the warrant liability. As of June 30, 2024 , the warrant liability is recorded at $2 thousand which is a $5 thousand decrease, recorded to Change in fair value of warrant liability, from the balance of $7 thousand as of December 31, 2023. The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of the warrant liability during the six months ended June 30, 2024: Fair Value of Warrants $0.26 — $0.64 Exercise price $0.43 — $0.49 Risk free interest rate 4.38%— 4.50% Expected dividend yield — % Expected volatility 79.25% — 79.59% Expected term 3 years Equity Classified Warrants Warrant Issuance Date Strike Price June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 November 9, 2016 $ 3.12 80,128 80,128 January 23, 2020 $ 8.00 186,442 186,442 January 23, 2020 $ 8.00 524,599 524,599 April 18, 2023 $ 1.34 — 775,330 June 5, 2023 $ 1.34 1,173,030 1,279,700 December 21, 2023 $ 1.34 3,600,000 3,600,000 April 3, 2024 $ — 957,910 — April 3, 2024 $ 0.97 2,000,000 — April 3, 2024 $ 1.06 1,600,000 — Total warrants outstanding 10,122,109 6,446,199 November 9, 2016 The Company has issued a customer a warrant to purchase 80,128 shares of Class A Common Stock with an exercise price of $3.12 per share. The warrant was issued on November 9, 2016. There is no vesting period, and the warrant expires on November 30, 2026. January 23, 2020 In January 2020, the Company issued REach®, a related party, a warrant to purchase 186,442 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock at an exercise of $8.00 per share in exchange for the cancellation of a $100 thousand SAFE issued on August 18, 2017 by the Company’s affiliate Trusted Mail Inc. with a value of $125 thousand. The warrants were issued on January 23, 2020. There is no vesting period, and the warrants expire on December 20, 2024. January 23, 2020 In January 2020, the Company issued SCV, a related party, a warrant to purchase 932,111 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock at a strike price of $8.00 per share in exchange for $300 thousand in cash and “Premium” sponsorship status with a credited value of $100 thousand per year for 3 years totaling $300 thousand. This “premium” sponsorship status provides the Company with certain benefits in marketing and networking, such as the Company being listed on the investor’s website, as well as providing the Company certain other promotional opportunities organized by the investor. The warrants were issued on January 23, 2020. There is no vesting period, and the warrants expire on December 20, 2024. On December 21, 2021, SCV executed a Notice of Exercise for certain of its warrants to purchase 407,512 shares of Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $8.00 per share for a total purchase price of $3.26 million. The closing occurred on January 10, 2022 and resulted in total cash proceeds of $3.26 million to the Company for the warrant exercise. The warrants to purchase the remaining 524,599 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock remain outstanding as of June 30, 2024 . April 18, 2023 On April 14, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (“SPA”) with Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. Pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to the investor (i) in a registered direct offering, 563,380 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share of the Company at a price of $3.30 per share, and pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 1,009,950 shares of Class A Common Stock, at a price of $3.299 per prefunded warrant, at an exercise price of $0.001 per share of Class A Common Stock, and (ii) in a concurrent private placement, common stock purchase warrants, exercisable for an aggregate of up to 1,573,330 shares of Class A Common Stock, at an exercise price of $3.30 per share. On April 18, 2023, the Company sold 563,380 shares of Class A Common Stock to the institutional investor at a price of $3.30 per share for total proceeds $1,859,154. Additionally, on same date, the institutional investor purchased and exercised the 1,009,950 pre-funded warrants, for total proceeds to the Company of $3,332,835, resulting in an aggregate issuance by the Company of 1,573,330 shares of Class A Common Stock for net proceeds of $4,778,550 from the registered direct offering after deducting placement fee and legal expense of $363,439 and $50,000, respectively. On December 21, 2023, the Company entered into an Inducement Agreement with Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. Pursuant to the terms of the Inducement Agreement, the exercise price for the warrants to purchase the remaining 1,573,330 shares of Class A Common Stock of the Company was reduced to $1.34 for a total purchase price of $2,108,262. On December 21, 2023, the remaining 1,573,330 common stock purchase warrants to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock of the Company at a price of $1.34 per warrant were exercised for total proceeds of $2,108,262. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had received Notice to Exercise for 798,000 common stock purchase warrants resulting in an issuance by the Company of 798,000 shares of Class A Common Stock. Due to the beneficial ownership limitation provisions in the Inducement Agreement, as of December 31, 2023 the remaining 775,330 common stock purchase warrants exercised on December 21, 2023 were unissued and held in abeyance for benefit of the institutional investor until notice from the institutional investor that the shares may be issued in compliance with the beneficial ownership limitation. On February 7, 2024 and February 27, 2024, the Company issued 320,000 and 455,330 shares, respectively. All warrants related to this investment have been exercised and are no longer outstanding as of June 30, 2024 . June 5, 2023 On June 1, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (“SPA”) with an Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. Pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to the investor (i) in a registered direct offering, 736,400 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share of the Company at a price of $2.30 per share, and pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 543,300 shares of Class A Common Stock, at a price of $2.299 per prefunded warrant, at an exercise price of $0.001 per share of Class A Common Stock, and (ii) in a concurrent private placement, common stock purchase warrants, exercisable for an aggregate of up to 1,279,700 shares of Class A Common Stock, at an exercise price of $2.30 per share. On June 5, 2023, the Company sold 736,400 shares of Class A Common Stock to the institutional investor at a price of $2.30 per share for total proceeds of $1,693,720. Additionally, on same date, the institutional investor purchased the 543,300 pre-funded warrants at a price of $2.299 per prefunded warrant, for total proceeds to the Company of $1,249,047, resulting in an issuance by the Company of 736,400 shares of Class A Common Stock for net proceeds of $2,686,773 from the registered direct offering after deducting placement fee and legal expense of $205,994 and $50,000, respectively. On June 12, 2023, the institutional investor exercised 322,300 pre-funded warrants at a price of $0.001 per prefunded warrant, resulting in an issuance by the Company of 322,300 shares of Class A Common Stock for total proceeds of $322. Additionally, on June 23, 2023, the institutional investor exercised 221,000 pre-funded warrants at a price of $0.001 per prefunded warrant, resulting in an issuance by the Company of 221,000 shares of Class A Common Stock for total proceeds of $221. On December 21, 2023, the Company entered into an Inducement Agreement with Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. Pursuant to the terms of the Inducement Agreement, the exercise price for the common stock purchase warrants to purchase the remaining 1,279,700 shares of Class A Common Stock of the Company was reduced to $1.34 for a total purchase price of $1,714,798. On December 21, 2023, the institutional investor exercised 106,670 warrants to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock of the Company at a price of $1.34 per warrant for total proceeds of $142,938. As of December 31, 2023, due to the beneficial ownership limitation provisions in the Inducement Agreement, the 106,670 warrants were unissued and held in abeyance for benefit of the institutional investor until notice from the institutional investor that the shares may be issued in compliance with the beneficial ownership limitation. These shares were subsequently issued on February 27, 2024. The common stock purchase warrants to purchase 1,173,030 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock remain outstanding as of June 30, 2024. December 21, 2023 On December 21, 2023, the Company entered into a warrant exercise agreement (the “WEA”) with a certain existing institutional investor, pursuant to which the institutional investor agreed to exercise (the “Exercise”) (i) a portion (106,670) of the warrants issued to the institutional investor on June 5, 2023, which, as of December 21, 2023, were exercisable for 1,279,700 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Class A Common Stock”) with a current exercise price of $2.30 per share (the “June 2023 Warrants”), (ii) all of the warrants issued to the institutional investor on September 14, 2022, as amended on June 5, 2023, which are exercisable for 120,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $2.30 per share (the “September 2022 Warrants”), and (iii) all of the warrants issued to the institutional investor on April 18, 2023, which are exercisable for 1,573,330 shares of Class A Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $3.30 per share (the “April 2023 Warrants” and collectively with all of the June 2023 Warrants and the September 2022 Warrants, the “Existing Warrants”). In consideration for the immediate exercise of 1,800,000 of the Existing Warrants for cash, the Company agreed to reduce the exercise price of all of the Existing Warrants, including any unexercised portion thereof, to $1.34 per share, which was equal to the most recent closing price of the Company’s Class A Common Stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market prior to the execution of the WEA. As of June 30, 2024, the institutional investor had submitted an Exercise Notice for all 1,800,000 Existing Warrants, in two batches, 918,000 and 882,000, respectively, and the shares of Class A Common Stock were issued to the warrant holders. In addition, in consideration for such Exercise, the Selling Stockholder received new unregistered warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,600,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, equal to 200% of the shares of Class A Common Stock issued in connection with the Exercise, with an exercise price of $1.34 per share (the “New Warrants”) in a private placement pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”). All 3,600,000 of the New Warrants remain outstanding as of June 30, 2024. April 3, 2024 On April 3, 2024, the Company closed a Securities Purchase Agreement with a certain institutional investor. Pursuant to the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement, the investor agreed to purchase from the Company 499,990 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 of the Company and pre-funded warrants to purchase 1,500,010 shares of Class A Common Stock of the Company ("Warrant A") at a purchase price of $0.968 per share resulting in a total purchase price of $1,936,000. The Company paid offering costs of $245,520 resulting in net proceeds of $1,690,480. Additionally, pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, as additional consideration for the share and Warrant A purchase described above, the Company agreed to issue to the Selling Stockholder a stock purchase warrant for the purchase of 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.968 per share (“Warrant B”), and a stock purchase warrant for the purchase of 1,600,000 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.06 per share (“Warrant C”). On May 24, 2024, the institutional investor exercised 542,100 pre-funded warrants from Warrant A to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock of the Company at an exercise price of $0.000 per warrant for total proceeds of $0. As of June 30, 2024, 957,910 warrants of Warrant A, 2,000,000 warrants of Warrant B, and 1,600,000 warrants of Warrant C remain outstanding. |