Stockholders' Equity | Stockholders' Equity Common Stock The Company is authorized to issue 1,000,000,000 shares of common stock, at a par value of $0.001 per share. Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote. The Company reserved common stock for future issuance as follows: June 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Outstanding options under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan 2,458,812 2,567,566 Outstanding options under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan 1,676,659 918,145 Equity awards available for grant under the 2019 Plan (1) 1,948,226 1,790,106 Unvested restricted stock units (RSUs) 173,007 61,215 Shares reserved for purchase under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) 270,000 270,000 Total 6,526,704 5,607,032 (1) — Effective January 1, 2021, in connection with the evergreen provision under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2019 Plan) 1,035,619 shares were added to the 2019 Plan. Stock Options The following table summarizes stock option activity under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan and the 2019 Plan during the six months ended June 30, 2021 (in thousands, except share, contractual term and per share data): Outstanding Options Number of Shares Underlying Outstanding Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value Balance, January 1, 2021 3,485,711 $ 10.74 8.2 $ 36,506 Options granted 810,986 18.98 Options exercised (83,794) 3.84 1,369 Options forfeited (77,432) 16.99 335 Balance, June 30, 2021 4,135,471 12.38 8.1 30,931 Shares vested and exercisable as of June 30, 2021 1,950,464 6.55 7.2 23,731 Vested and expected to vest as of June 30, 2021 4,135,471 $ 12.38 8.1 $ 30,931 The weighted average fair value of options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2021 was $11.84 per share. As of June 30, 2021, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for stock options was $25.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.8 years. Restricted Stock Units Restricted stock units (RSUs) are granted to the Company's directors and employees. The value of an RSU award is based on the Company's stock price on the date of the grant. The shares underlying the RSUs are not issued until the RSUs vest. Upon vesting, each RSU converts into one share of the Company's common stock. Activity with respect to the Company's restricted stock units during the six months ended June 30, 2021 was as follows (in thousands, except share, contractual term, and per share data): Outstanding RSUs Number of Shares Underlying Outstanding Awards Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding at January 1, 2021 61,215 $ 23.83 1.4 $ 1,152 Restricted stock units granted 144,317 18.54 2,676 Restricted stock units vested (32,153) 27.15 648 Restricted units forfeited (372) 18.77 8 Balance, June 30, 2021 173,007 18.81 6.0 2,974 Unvested and expected to vest as of June 30, 2021 173,007 $ 18.81 6.0 $ 2,974 As of June 30, 2021, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for RSUs was $2.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.8 years. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan In October 2019, the Company adopted the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), which became effective on October 29, 2019. Effective April 1, 2021, the Company established its first offering period under the ESPP, which began on April 16, 2021 and will end on November 15, 2021. After the first offering period, the ESPP provides for automatic six-month offering periods. The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company's common stock at a 15% discount through payroll deductions, subject to plan limitations. At the end of each offering period, employees are able to purchase shares at 85% of the lower of the fair market fair value of the Company's common stock on the first trading day of the offering period or on the last day of the offering period. Stock-Based Compensation Expense Total stock-based compensation expense recorded related to the Company's equity incentive plans was as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 Research and development $ 460 $ 239 $ 826 $ 456 Selling, general and administrative 2,588 1,370 4,902 2,333 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 3,048 $ 1,609 $ 5,728 $ 2,789 |