Personnel expenses
Personnel expenses increased by ₱164 million, or 38.2%, for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. The main factors that contributed to the increase in personnel expenses are: (i) an increase in share-based compensation, primarily due to beneficial modification of the 2016 Unit Option Plan and the grant of new options under the 2016 Unit Option Plan and 2018 Unit Option Plan in the second quarter of 2019; (ii) 92 new employee hires from June 30, 2018 to June 30, 2019, primarily in the development and production teams in our Russia segment, thus increasing headcount in the Russia segment to 671 people as of June 30, 2019; and (iii) the indexation of wages effective from the first quarter of 2019.
Marketing expenses
Marketing expenses increased by ₱25.5 million, or 13.0%, for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to an increase of TV marketing expense.
Other general and administrative expenses
Our professional services have increased by ₱189 million, or 200.0%, for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018, as the decrease in the other professional services was offset by the increase in the professional services related to the IPO.
Our office rent and maintenance expenses decreased by ₱55 million, or 9.9%, for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. At January 1, 2019, we initially adopted IFRS 16, the new accounting standard that introduced a single,on-balance sheet accounting model for lessees. As a result, we, as a lessee, have recognizedright-of-use assets representing our rights to use the underlying assets and lease liabilities representing our obligation to make lease payments. We have applied IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach. Accordingly, the comparative information presented for 2018 has not been restated and is presented, as previously reported, under IAS 17 and related interpretations. We have recognized ₱18,621 thousand of depreciation charges and ₱8,430 thousand of interest costs from the leases in the second quarter of 2019.
Net foreign exchange loss
Net foreign exchange loss was ₱13 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of ₱7 million, compared to a ₱6 million loss for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The net foreign exchange loss for the three months ended June 30, 2019 reflects mostly the foreign exchange loss onUSD-denominated cash balances, offset by the foreign exchange gain onUSD-denominated payables, including dividend payable andIPO-related expenses payable.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization were ₱169 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, compared to ₱147 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. Depreciation and amortization increased by ₱22 million, or 14.6%, primarily due to a depreciation charge of ₱18.6 million related toright-of-use assets recognized as of January 1, 2019 under the new standard IFRS 16 “Leases.” (See “Other general and administrative expenses”).
Finance income and costs
Finance income was ₱19.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to ₱20 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. Finance costs were ₱157 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to ₱159 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018.
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