Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans | Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans The following table presents the composition of the loan portfolio as of December 31, 2023 and 2022: December 31, ($ in thousands) 2023 2022 Commercial real estate $ 885,585 $ 842,208 SBA—real estate 224,695 221,340 SBA—non-real estate 14,997 13,377 C&I 120,970 116,951 Home mortgage 518,024 482,949 Consumer 1,574 1,467 Gross loans receivable 1,765,845 1,678,292 Allowance for credit losses (21,993) (19,241) Loans receivable, net (1) $ 1,743,852 $ 1,659,051 (1) Includes net deferred loan costs and unamortized premiums of $140 thousand and $160 thousand as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. No loans were outstanding to related parties as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans by portfolio segment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021: ($ in thousands) Commercial Real Estate SBA— Real Estate SBA — Non- Real Estate C&I Home Mortgage Consumer Total Balance as of January 1, 2021 $ 8,505 $ 1,802 $ 278 $ 2,563 $ 2,185 $ 19 $ 15,352 Provision for (reversal of) loan losses (1) (355) 279 54 285 706 (10) 959 Charge-offs — (59) (136) — — — (195) Recoveries — — 3 — — 4 7 Balance as of December 31, 2021 8,150 2,022 199 2,848 2,891 13 16,123 Provision for (reversal of) loan losses (1) (1,199) (409) 66 (1,205) 5,935 (7) 3,181 Charge-offs — (14) (127) — — — (141) Recoveries — 8 69 — — 1 78 Balance as of December 31, 2022 6,951 1,607 207 1,643 8,826 7 19,241 Impact of CECL adoption 875 (238) (142) (320) 1,753 (4) 1,924 Provision for (reversal of) credit losses 723 321 73 (11) 466 10 1,582 Charge-offs (686) (46) (35) (97) — — (864) Recoveries 52 13 44 — — 1 110 Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 7,915 $ 1,657 $ 147 $ 1,215 $ 11,045 $ 14 $ 21,993 (1) Excludes reversal of uncollectible accrued interest receivable of $205 thousand and $438 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The following table presents the allowance for credit losses on loans and recorded investment (not including accrued interest receivable) by portfolio segment and impairment methodology as of December 31, 2023 and 2022: ($ in thousands) Individually Evaluated for Impairment Collectively Evaluated for Impairment Total As of December 31, 2023 Allowance for credit losses: Commercial real estate $ — $ 7,915 $ 7,915 SBA—real estate 355 1,302 1,657 SBA—non-real estate — 147 147 C&I — 1,215 1,215 Home mortgage — 11,045 11,045 Consumer — 14 14 Total $ 355 $ 21,638 $ 21,993 Loans (1) : Commercial real estate $ — $ 885,585 $ 885,585 SBA—real estate 2,923 221,772 224,695 SBA—non-real estate — 14,997 14,997 C&I — 120,970 120,970 Home mortgage 2,241 515,783 518,024 Consumer — 1,574 1,574 Total $ 5,164 $ 1,760,681 $ 1,765,845 As of December 31, 2022 Allowance for credit losses: Commercial real estate $ — $ 6,951 $ 6,951 SBA—real estate — 1,607 1,607 SBA—non-real estate — 207 207 C&I 279 1,364 1,643 Home mortgage — 8,826 8,826 Consumer — 7 7 Total $ 279 $ 18,962 $ 19,241 Loans (1) : Commercial real estate $ — $ 842,208 $ 842,208 SBA—real estate 423 220,917 221,340 SBA—non-real estate — 13,377 13,377 C&I 279 116,672 116,951 Home mortgage — 482,949 482,949 Consumer — 1,467 1,467 Total $ 702 $ 1,677,590 $ 1,678,292 (1) Excludes accrued interest receivables of $7.3 million and $6.4 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The following table presents the recorded investment in impaired loans and the specific allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2022. December 31, 2022 (1) ($ in thousands) Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Recorded Related SBA—real estate $ 423 $ 423 $ — $ — C&I 279 — 279 279 Total $ 702 $ 423 $ 279 $ 279 (1) The difference between the unpaid principal balance (net of partial charge-offs) and the recorded investment in the loans was not considered to be material Collateral-dependent loans are loans where repayment is expected to be provided solely by the sale of the underlying collateral and there are no other available and reliable sources of repayment. The estimated credit losses for these loans are based on the collateral’s fair value less selling costs. In most cases, the Company records a partial charge-off to reduce the loan’s carrying value to the collateral’s fair value less selling costs at the time of foreclosure. As of December 31, 2023, there were $5.2 million of collateral-dependent loans which are primarily secured by residential and commercial real estate, as well as equipment. The allowance for credit losses allocated to these loans as of December 31, 2023 was $355 thousand. The following table represents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class of loans as of December 31, 2023, for which repayment is expected to be obtained through the sale of the underlying collateral. ($ in thousands) Hotel / Motel Single-Family Residential Total SBA—real estate $ 2,923 $ — $ 2,923 Home mortgage — 2,241 2,241 Total $ 2,923 $ 2,241 $ 5,164 The following table presents the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 or more days and still accruing interest, by portfolio as of December 31, 2023 and 2022: ($ in thousands) Nonaccrual Loans with a Related Allowance for Credit Losses Nonaccrual Loans without a Related Allowance for Credit Losses Total Nonaccrual Loans 90 or More Days Past Due & Still Accruing Total (1) As of December 31, 2023 SBA—real estate $ 2,302 $ 1,136 $ 3,438 $ — $ 3,438 SBA—non-real estate 154 — 154 — 154 Home mortgage 249 2,241 2,490 — 2,490 Total $ 2,705 $ 3,377 $ 6,082 $ — $ 6,082 As of December 31, 2022 SBA—real estate $ 423 $ — $ 423 SBA—non-real estate 51 — 51 C&I 279 — 279 Home mortgage 1,280 — 1,280 Total $ 2,033 $ — $ 2,033 (1) Excludes guaranteed portion of SBA loans of $2.0 million and $1.0 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 , respectively. Nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 or more days and still accruing interest include both homogeneous loans that are collectively and individually evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans. The following table represents the aging analysis of the recorded investment in past due loans as of December 31, 2023 and 2022: ($ in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due > 90 Days Past Due Total Past Due (1) Loans Not Past Due Total (2) As of December 31, 2023 Commercial real estate $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 885,585 $ 885,585 SBA—real estate 1,868 932 1,983 4,783 219,912 224,695 SBA—non-real estate 154 — — 154 14,843 14,997 C&I — — — — 120,970 120,970 Home mortgage 4,076 2,730 2,491 9,297 508,727 518,024 Consumer — — — — 1,574 1,574 Total $ 6,098 $ 3,662 $ 4,474 $ 14,234 $ 1,751,611 $ 1,765,845 As of December 31, 2022 Commercial real estate $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 842,208 $ 842,208 SBA—real estate 199 175 — 374 220,966 221,340 SBA—non-real estate 38 — 26 64 13,313 13,377 C&I — — — — 116,951 116,951 Home mortgage 1,707 1,522 342 3,571 479,378 482,949 Consumer — — — — 1,467 1,467 Total $ 1,944 $ 1,697 $ 368 $ 4,009 $ 1,674,283 $ 1,678,292 (1) Excludes guaranteed portion of SBA loans of $1.9 million and $924 thousand as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.. (2) Excludes accrued interest receivables of $7.3 million and $6.4 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficult: On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” , which eliminated the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. This guidance was applied on a prospective basis. Upon adoption of this guidance, the Company no longer establishes a specific reserve for modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, unless those loans do not share the same risk characteristics with other loans in the portfolio. Provided that is not the case, these modifications are included in their respective cohort and the allowance for credit losses is estimated on a pooled basis consistent with the other loans with similar risk characteristics. Modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may include interest rate reductions, principal or interest forgiveness, other than insignificant payment deferrals, other than insignificant term extensions, and other actions intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. The disclosure below provide information on loan modification to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. No charge-offs of previously modified loans were recorded for the year ended December 31, 2023. The following table presents the amortized cost of modified loans and the financial effects of the modification as of December 31, 2023 by loan class and modification type: Financial Effects of Loan Modification ($ in thousands) Payment Delay Term Extension Total Percentage to Each Loan Type Weighted-Average Payment Deferral (in years) Commercial real estate $ — $ 625 $ 625 0.07 % 1.0 SBA—real estate 5,378 — 5,378 2.39 % 0.8 SBA—non-real estate 131 — 131 0.87 % 0.2 Home mortgage 354 — 354 0.07 % 0.5 Total $ 5,863 $ 625 $ 6,488 The Company tracks the performance of modified loans. A modified loan may become delinquent and may result in a payment default (generally 90 days past due) subsequent to modification. There were no loans that received a modification during the three year ended December 31, 2023 that subsequently defaulted. The following table presents the performance of loans that were modified as of December 31, 2023 since the adoption of ASU 2022-02 on January 1, 2023: ($ in thousands) Current 30-89 Days Past Due > 90 Days Past Due Total Commercial real estate $ 625 $ — $ — $ 625 SBA—real estate 4,641 — 737 5,378 SBA—non-real estate 131 — — 131 Home mortgage 354 — — 354 Total $ 5,751 $ — $ 737 $ 6,488 The Company had no additional commitments to lend to borrowers whose loans were modified as of December 31, 2023. Credit Quality Indicators : The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. For consumer loans, a credit grade is established at inception, and generally only adjusted based on performance. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Special Mention—Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Company’s credit position at some future date. Substandard—Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful—Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass-rated loans. The following table presents the loan portfolio's amortized cost by loan type, risk rating and year of origination as of December 31, 2023: December 31, 2023 Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total (1) ($ in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Commercial real estate Pass $ 97,114 $ 207,860 $ 154,872 $ 97,137 $ 138,908 $ 163,320 $ 21,059 $ — $ 880,270 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — 319 — — — 4,996 — — 5,315 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Subtotal $ 97,114 $ 208,179 $ 154,872 $ 97,137 $ 138,908 $ 168,316 $ 21,059 $ — $ 885,585 Current period charge-offs $ — $ 457 $ 121 $ — $ 91 $ 17 $ — $ — $ 686 SBA— real estate Pass $ 31,920 $ 44,504 $ 26,188 $ 22,732 $ 28,244 $ 64,442 $ — $ — $ 218,030 Special mention — — — — — 1,428 — — 1,428 Substandard — 1,787 1,079 1,136 — 1,235 — — 5,237 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Subtotal $ 31,920 $ 46,291 $ 27,267 $ 23,868 $ 28,244 $ 67,105 $ — $ — $ 224,695 Current period charge-offs $ — $ — $ 46 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 46 SBA—non-real estate Pass $ 5,408 $ 2,584 $ 200 $ 1,556 $ 950 $ 3,423 $ — $ — $ 14,121 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — 591 — — — 187 — — 778 Doubtful — — — — — 98 — — 98 Subtotal $ 5,408 $ 3,175 $ 200 $ 1,556 $ 950 $ 3,708 $ — $ — $ 14,997 Current period charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 35 $ — $ — $ 35 C&I Pass $ 15,117 $ 17,939 $ 22,098 $ 4,695 $ 1,720 $ 1,734 $ 55,106 $ 2,561 $ 120,970 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Subtotal $ 15,117 $ 17,939 $ 22,098 $ 4,695 $ 1,720 $ 1,734 $ 55,106 $ 2,561 $ 120,970 Current period charge-offs $ 17 $ — $ 80 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 97 Home mortgage Pass $ 72,182 $ 304,346 $ 79,585 $ 18,634 $ 8,939 $ 31,848 $ — $ — $ 515,534 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — 2,241 249 — — — — — 2,490 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Subtotal $ 72,182 $ 306,587 $ 79,834 $ 18,634 $ 8,939 $ 31,848 $ — $ — $ 518,024 Current period charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Consumer Pass $ 4 $ — $ — $ — $ 77 $ — $ 1,493 $ — $ 1,574 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Subtotal $ 4 $ — $ — $ — $ 77 $ — $ 1,493 $ — $ 1,574 Current period charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Total loans Pass $ 221,745 $ 577,233 $ 282,943 $ 144,754 $ 178,838 $ 264,767 $ 77,658 $ 2,561 $ 1,750,499 Special mention — — — — — 1,428 — — 1,428 Substandard — 4,938 1,328 1,136 — 6,418 — — 13,820 Doubtful — — — — — 98 — — 98 Subtotal $ 221,745 $ 582,171 $ 284,271 $ 145,890 $ 178,838 $ 272,711 $ 77,658 $ 2,561 $ 1,765,845 Current period charge-offs $ 17 $ 457 $ 247 $ — $ 91 $ 52 $ — $ — $ 864 (1) Excludes accrued interest receivables The following table presents the loan portfolio's amortized cost by loan type and risk rating of as of December 31, 2022: ($ in thousands) Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total (1) Commercial real estate $ 841,645 $ 563 $ — $ — $ 842,208 SBA—real estate 220,348 — 992 — 221,340 SBA—non-real estate 12,897 — 480 — 13,377 C&I 116,396 — 279 276 116,951 Home mortgage 481,669 — 1,280 — 482,949 Consumer 1,467 — — — 1,467 Total $ 1,674,422 $ 563 $ 3,031 $ 276 $ 1,678,292 (1) Excludes accrued interest receivables |