Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues decreased by 4.3% to RMB1,558.6 million (US$238.9 million) from RMB1,629.4 million in 2019. Cost of revenues, excluding share-based compensation expenses, decreased by 4.2% to RMB1,556.3 million (US$238.5 million) from RMB1,625.1 million in 2019.
Gross Profit and Gross Margin
Gross profit was RMB1,345.3 million (US$206.2 million), a decrease of 8.8% from RMB1,474.5 million in 2019. Gross margin was 46.3%, compared to 47.5% in 2019.
Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses decreased by 17.2% to RMB1,517.7 million (US$232.6 million) from RMB1,832.1 million in 2019.
Selling expenses decreased by 3.3% to RMB1,048.5 million (US$160.7 million) from RMB1,083.8 million in 2019. Selling and marketing expenses, excluding share-based compensation expenses, decreased by 2.5% to RMB1,035.2 million (US$158.7 million) from RMB1,061.9 million in 2019.
General and administrative expenses decreased by 37.3% to RMB469.2 million (US$71.9 million) from RMB748.3 million in 2019. General and administrative expenses, excluding share-based compensation expenses, decreased by 16.0% to RMB456.7 million (US$70.0 million) from RMB544.0 million in 2019.
Total share-based compensation expenses allocated to related cost of revenues and operating expenses decreased by 87.8% to RMB28.0 million (US$4.3 million) from RMB230.4 million in 2019.
Operating Loss and Operating Margin
Operating loss decreased by 51.8% to RMB172.4 million (US$26.4 million) from RMB357.5 million in 2019. Operating margin was (5.9)% in 2020, compared to (11.5)% in 2019.
Adjusted operating margin was (5.0)%, compared to (4.1)% in 2019.
Net Income/Loss
Net loss attributable to Puxin Limited decreased by 93.8% to RMB32.2 million (US$4.9 million), compared to RMB518.5 million in 2019. This decrease was primarily driven by decrease in share-based compensation expenses, loss on changes in fair value of derivative liabilities and other operational costs, and by the recording of exemption of social insurance and value-added tax, and also by the gain on disposal of subsidiaries in year 2020. Basic and diluted net loss per ADS attributable to Puxin Limited were RMB0.36 (US$0.06), compared to RMB6.06 in 2019.
Adjusted net income attributable to Puxin Limited was RMB16.7 million (US$2.6 million), compared to adjusted net loss attributable to Puxin Limited of RMB183.5 million in 2019. Adjusted basic and diluted net income per ADS attributable to Puxin Limited were RMB0.19 (US$0.03), compared to RMB(2.14) in 2019.
Adjusted net income attributable to Puxin Limited of K-12 tutoring services (excluding Puxin Online School) was RMB212.0 million (US$32.5 million), an increase of 137.3% from RMB89.3 million in 2019.
EBITDA
EBITDA was RMB121.3 million (US$18.6 million), compared to RMB(349.1) million in 2019.
EBITDA margin was 4.2% in 2020, compared to (11.2)% in 2019.
Adjusted EBITDA was RMB170.2 million (US$26.1 million), compared to RMB(14.1) million in 2019.
Adjusted EBITDA margin was 5.9%, compared to (0.5)% in 2019.
4