If the full data from the ALLCAR19 clinical trial are positive, and depending on feedback from regulatory authorities, we intend to initiate a pivotal clinical trial of AUTO1 in adult ALL by the end of 2019, the results of which, if positive, could support the planned filing of a biologics license application, or BLA, in the United States.
AUTO1 Phase 1 Clinical Trial in Pediatric ALL (CARPALL Trial)
The CARPALL trial was initiated by UCL in the second quarter of 2016 and is a single-arm, open label, multi-center Phase 1 trial enrolling patients aged 24 years or younger with high-risk relapsed or refractory CD19 positive B-lineage ALL. The main objective of the trial is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of AUTO1 when administered at a single dose of 1 million cells/kg. Currently, the trial is being conducted at sites in the United Kingdom.
In February 2019, updated data from the CARPALL trial was presented at the 1st European CAR T Cell Meeting hosted by the European Hematology Association in Paris, France. As of the data cutoff date of November 16, 2018, 17 patients were enrolled in the CARPALL trial, 14 of which had received an infusion of AUTO1 cells. Among the enrolled patients, the median age was nine, with median prior lines of treatment of four (the range was two to seven). Ten of the 14 treated patients had relapsed following an allogeneic stem cell transplant. Eight patients who were treated in the trial had experienced a second relapse, five patients had experienced a relapse beyond second relapse and three patients had relapsed after therapy with other treatments. One patient had also relapsed after CD19 CAR T therapy. Two patients had ongoing central nervous system disease at enrollment.
As of November 16, 2018, no Grade 3 or higher CRS events have been observed. Nine patients experienced Grade 1 CRS, and four patients experienced Grade 2 CRS. In addition, no patient has needed or received tocilizumab or steroids for the management of CRS. As previously disclosed, one patient experienced Grade 4 neurotoxicity; there were no other reports of severe neurotoxicity, defined as Grade 3 or higher. Eleven patients experienced cytopenias persisting beyond 30 days, of which three patients had Grade 1-3 cytopenia and eight patients had Grade 4 cytopenia. Two patients developed significant infections, and one patient died from sepsis while in molecular CR.
Following a single dose of 1 million AUTO1 cells/kg, 12 of 14 evaluable patients achieved molecular CR. Five patients relapsed with CD19 negative disease. Event free survival, or EFS, based on morphological relapse was 67% (CI 34-86%) and 46% (CI 16-72%) at six months and one year, respectively, and overall survival, or OS, was 84% (CI 50-96%) and 63% (CI 27-85%) at six months and one year, respectively. CAR T cell expansion was observed in 12 patients, and the median duration of remission in responding patients was 7.3 months with a median follow-up of 14 months. Five of the 14 evaluable patients remain in CR with ongoing persistence of CAR T cells and associated B cell aplasia observed. Final Phase 1 data from this trial is expected in the fourth quarter of 2019.
AUTO3 Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial in Pediatric ALL (AMELIA Trial)
We initiated a single-arm, open label, multi-center Phase 1/2 clinical trial of AUTO3 in patients up to 24 years of age with high-risk relapsed or refractory B-lineage ALL in the third quarter of 2017. We refer to this trial as the AMELIA Trial.
In connection with an efficacy data update on February 19, 2019 from the ongoing AMELIA Trial, we observed that six out of six patients treated with the highest dose of AUTO3 (³3 x106/kg) achieved minimal residual disease, or MRD, negative complete responses, or CRs. Ongoing MRD-negative CR remissions were observed in four out of six patients, with the longest duration of up to 10 months as of February 2019. As of the cutoff date, there have been no reported CD19 or CD22 negative relapses in CAR T naïve patients. At the 60th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting in San Diego, California in December 2018, we provided an update on initial safety data from the trial and reported that, as of the data cutoff date of November 13, 2018, AUTO3 was observed to have generally been well tolerated and no severe CRS (Grade 3 or higher) was observed, nor had admission to an intensive care unit or pressors for CRS been required. Two patients required tocilizumab use for CRS. Grade 3 or higher cytopenia lasting more than 30 days was observed in four of the ten patients. One patient experienced Grade 3 neurotoxicity, which was considered unlikely related to AUTO3 and primarily attributed to prior intrathecal chemotherapy.
Final Phase 1 data from this trial is expected in the fourth quarter of 2019. The Phase 2 portion of the trial is expected to start in the fourth quarter of 2019.