Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | 4. Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses The Bank's loan and allowance for loan loss policies are as follows: Loans Held for Investment. Loan origination and commitment fees, as well as certain direct costs of underwriting and closing loans, are deferred and amortized as a yield adjustment to interest income over the lives of the related loans using the interest method. Amortization of net deferred loan fees is discontinued when a loan is placed on nonaccrual status. Nonaccrual Loans. A loan is restored to accrual status when all principal and interest payments are brought current and the borrower has demonstrated the ability to make future payments of principal and interest as scheduled, which generally requires that the borrower demonstrate a period of performance of at least six consecutive months. Allowance for Loan Losses. The Bank uses a disciplined process and methodology to evaluate the allowance for loan losses on at least a quarterly basis that is based upon management's periodic review of the collectibility of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower's ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are individually evaluated for impairment or loans otherwise classified as doubtful or substandard. For such loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows or collateral value of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers non-classified loans and classified loans that are found, upon individual evaluation, to not be impaired. Such loans are pooled by portfolio segment and losses are modeled using annualized historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. The historical loss experience is determined by portfolio segment and is based on the Bank's actual loss history over the most recent twenty calendar quarters unless the historical loss experience is not considered indicative of the level of risk in the remaining balance of a particular portfolio segment, in which case an adjustment is determined by management. The Bank's historical loss experience is then adjusted for qualitative factors that are reviewed on a quarterly basis. Management's determination of the allowance for loan losses considers changes and trends in the following qualitative loss factors: loan administration, national and local economic conditions, new loan trends, past due and nonaccrual loans, collateral values, credit concentrations and other internal and external factors such as competition, legal and regulatory changes. Each qualitative factor is assigned a rating and a factor weight in determining the adjusted loss factors used in management's allowance for loan losses adequacy calculation. Management exercises significant judgment in evaluating the relevant historical loss experience and the qualitative factors. Management also monitors the differences between estimated and actual incurred loan losses for loans considered impaired in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the estimation process and make any changes in the methodology as necessary. The following portfolio segments are considered in the allowance for loan loss analysis: one-to-four family residential real estate, multi-family residential real estate, construction, commercial real estate, commercial business, and consumer loans. Residential real estate loans primarily consist of loans to individuals for the purchase or refinance of their primary residence, with a smaller portion of the segment secured by non-owner-occupied residential investment properties and multi-family residential investment properties. The risks associated with residential real estate loans are closely correlated to the local housing market and general economic conditions, as repayment of the loans is primarily dependent on the borrower's or tenant's personal cash flow and employment status. The Bank's construction loan portfolio consists of single-family residential properties, multi-family properties and commercial projects, and includes both owner-occupied and speculative investment properties. Risks inherent in construction lending are related to the market value of the property held as collateral, the cost and timing of constructing or improving a property, the borrower's ability to use funds generated by a project to service a loan until a project is completed, movements in interest rates and the real estate market during the construction phase, and the ability of the borrower to obtain permanent financing. Commercial real estate loans are comprised of loans secured by various types of collateral including farmland, office buildings, warehouses, retail space and mixed use buildings located in the Bank's primary lending area. Risks related to commercial real estate lending are related to the market value of the property taken as collateral, the underlying cash flows and general economic condition of the local real estate market. Repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the ability of the borrower to attract tenants at lease rates or general business operating cash flows that provide for adequate debt service and can be impacted by local economic conditions which impact vacancy rates and the general level of business activity. The Bank generally obtains loan guarantees from financially capable parties for commercial real estate loans. Commercial business loans include lines of credit to businesses, term loans and letters of credit secured by business assets such as equipment, accounts receivable, inventory, or other assets excluding real estate and are generally made to finance capital expenditures or fund operations. Commercial loans contain risks related to the value of the collateral securing the loan and the repayment is primarily dependent upon the financial success and viability of the borrower. As with commercial real estate loans, the Bank generally obtains loan guarantees from financially capable parties for commercial business loans. Consumer loans consist primarily of home equity lines of credit and other loans secured by junior liens on the borrower's personal residence, home improvement loans, automobile and truck loans, boat loans, mobile home loans, loans secured by savings deposits, and other personal loans. The risks associated with these loans are related to the local housing market and local economic conditions including the unemployment level. Loan Charge-Offs. Consumer loans not secured by real estate are typically charged off at 90 days past due, or earlier if deemed uncollectible, unless the loans are in the process of collection. Overdrafts are charged off after 60 days past due. A charge-off is typically recorded on a loan secured by real estate when the property is foreclosed upon when the carrying value of the loan exceeds the property's fair value less the estimated costs to sell. Impaired Loans. Values for collateral dependent loans are generally based on appraisals obtained from independent licensed real estate appraisers, with adjustments applied for estimated costs to sell the property, costs to complete unfinished or repair damaged property and other factors. New appraisals or valuations are generally obtained for all significant properties (if the value is estimated to exceed $100,000) when a loan is identified as impaired. Subsequent appraisals are obtained or an internal evaluation is prepared annually, or more frequently if management believes there has been a significant change in the market value of a collateral property securing a collateral dependent impaired loan. In instances where it is not deemed necessary to obtain a new appraisal, management bases its impairment evaluation on the original appraisal with adjustments for current conditions based on management's assessment of market factors and inspection of the property. At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the recorded investments in loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process was $47,000 and $290,000, respectively. Loans at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consisted of the following: March 31, December 31, (In thousands) 2018 2017 Real estate mortgage loans: One-to-four family residential $ 79,388 $ 79,899 Multi-family residential 6,455 6,352 Residential construction - 108 Commercial real estate 22,848 22,315 Commercial real estate construction 2,982 2,061 Commercial business loans 4,201 3,875 Consumer loans 2,059 1,978 Total loans 117,933 116,588 Deferred loan origination fees and costs, net 31 31 Allowance for loan losses (1,662 ) (1,723 ) Loans, net $ 116,302 $ 114,896 The following table provides the components of the Bank's recorded investment in loans at March 31, 2018: One-to-Four Family Residential Multi-Family Residential Construction Commercial Real Estate Commercial Business Consumer Total (In thousands) Recorded Investment in Loans: Principal loan balance $ 79,388 $ 6,455 $ 2,982 $ 22,848 $ 4,201 $ 2,059 $ 117,933 Accrued interest receivable 274 18 9 85 16 6 408 Net deferred loan fees/ costs (4 ) (8 ) (4 ) (6 ) 10 43 31 Recorded investment in loans $ 79,658 $ 6,465 $ 2,987 $ 22,927 $ 4,227 $ 2,108 $ 118,372 Recorded Investment in Loans as Evaluated for Impairment: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 3,517 $ - $ - $ 1,338 $ 517 $ - $ 5,372 Collectively evaluated for impairment 76,141 6,465 2,987 21,589 3,710 2,108 113,000 Ending balance $ 79,658 $ 6,465 $ 2,987 $ 22,927 $ 4,227 $ 2,108 $ 118,372 The following table provides the components of the Bank's recorded investment in loans at December 31, 2017: One-to-Four Family Residential Multi-Family Residential Construction Commercial Real Estate Commercial Business Consumer Total (In thousands) Recorded Investment in Loans: Principal loan balance $ 79,899 $ 6,352 $ 2,169 $ 22,315 $ 3,875 $ 1,978 $ 116,588 Accrued interest receivable 301 15 6 81 13 5 421 Net deferred loan fees/ costs - (8 ) (6 ) (5 ) 7 43 31 Recorded investment in loans $ 80,200 $ 6,359 $ 2,169 $ 22,391 $ 3,895 $ 2,026 $ 117,040 Recorded Investment in Loans as Evaluated for Impairment: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 4,416 $ - $ - $ 1,628 $ 524 $ - $ 6,568 Collectively evaluated for impairment 75,784 6,359 2,169 20,763 3,371 2,026 110,472 Ending balance $ 80,200 $ 6,359 $ 2,169 $ 22,391 $ 3,895 $ 2,026 $ 117,040 An analysis of the allowance for loan losses as of March 31, 2018 is as follows: One-to-Four Family Residential Multi-Family Residential Construction Commercial Real Estate Commercial Business Consumer Total (In thousands) Ending allowance balance attributable to loans: Ending allowance balance attributable to loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 48 $ - $ - $ 24 $ 50 $ - $ 122 Collectively evaluated for impairment 997 191 27 239 53 33 1,540 Ending balance $ 1,045 $ 191 $ 27 $ 263 $ 103 $ 33 $ 1,662 An analysis of the allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2017 is as follows: One-to-Four Family Residential Multi-Family Residential Construction Commercial Real Estate Commercial Business Consumer Total (In thousands) Ending allowance balance attributable to loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 56 $ - $ - $ 28 $ 58 $ - $ 142 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,014 220 20 241 53 33 1,581 Ending balance $ 1,070 $ 220 $ 20 $ 269 $ 111 $ 33 $ 1,723 An analysis of the changes in the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 is as follows: One-to-Four Family Residential Multi-Family Residential Construction Commercial Real Estate Commercial Business Consumer Total Allowance for Loan Losses: (In thousands) Beginning balance $ 1,070 $ 220 $ 20 $ 269 $ 111 $ 33 $ 1,723 Provisions 38 (29 ) 7 (8 ) (8 ) - - Charge-offs (72 ) - - - - (3 ) (75 ) Recoveries 9 - - 2 - 3 14 Ending balance $ 1,045 $ 191 $ 27 $ 263 $ 103 $ 33 $ 1,662 An analysis of the changes in the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2017 is as follows: One-to-Four Family Residential Multi-Family Residential Construction Commercial Real Estate Commercial Business Consumer Total Allowance for Loan Losses: (In thousands) Beginning balance $ 1,571 $ 338 $ 9 $ 404 $ 134 $ 47 $ 2,503 Provisions 19 (17 ) (1 ) (28 ) 25 2 - Charge-offs (49 ) - - - - (3 ) (52 ) Recoveries 2 - - - - 3 5 Ending balance $ 1,543 $ 321 $ 8 $ 376 $ 159 $ 49 $ 2,456 The following table summarizes the Bank's impaired loans as of March 31, 2018 and for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. The Bank did not recognize any interest income on impaired loans using the cash receipts method of accounting for the three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017: At March 31, 2018 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 Unpaid Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Principal Related Recorded Income Recorded Income Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized Investment Recognized Loans with no related allowance recorded: (In thousands) One-to-four family residential $ 1,897 $ 2,360 $ - $ 1,694 $ 3 $ 1,775 $ 9 Multi-family residential - - - - - - - Construction - - - - - - - Commercial real estate 619 657 - 651 4 833 12 Commercial business 10 9 - 10 - 18 - Consumer - - - - - 32 - $ 2,526 $ 3,026 $ - $ 2,355 $ 7 $ 2,658 $ 21 Loans with an allowance recorded: One-to-four family residential $ 675 $ 716 $ 48 $ 696 $ 8 $ 784 $ 32 Multi-family residential - - - - - - - Construction - - - - - - - Commercial real estate 388 398 24 361 6 426 21 Commercial business 507 566 50 511 7 574 30 Consumer - - - - - 2 - $ 1,570 $ 1,680 $ 122 $ 1,568 $ 21 $ 1,786 $ 83 Total: One-to-four family residential $ 2,572 $ 3,076 $ 48 $ 2,390 $ 11 $ 2,559 $ 41 Multi-family residential - - - - - - - Construction - - - - - - - Commercial real estate 1,007 1,055 24 1,012 10 1,259 33 Commercial business 517 575 50 521 7 592 30 Consumer - - - - - 34 - $ 4,096 $ 4,706 $ 122 $ 3,923 $ 28 $ 4,444 $ 104 The following table summarizes the Bank's impaired loans as of December 31, 2017: Unpaid Recorded Principal Related Investment Balance Allowance Loans with no related allowance recorded: (In thousands) One-to-four family residential $ 1,492 $ 1,980 $ - Multi-family residential - - - Construction - - - Commercial real estate 684 761 - Commercial business 11 10 - Consumer - - - $ 2,187 $ 2,751 $ - Loans with an allowance recorded: One-to-four family residential $ 718 $ 766 $ 56 Multi-family residential - - - Construction - - - Commercial real estate 335 348 28 Commercial business 514 573 58 Consumer - - - $ 1,567 $ 1,687 $ 142 Total: One-to-four family residential $ 2,210 $ 2,746 $ 56 Multi-family residential - - - Construction - - - Commercial real estate 1,019 1,109 28 Commercial business 525 583 58 Consumer - - - $ 3,754 $ 4,438 $ 142 Nonperforming loans consists of nonaccrual loans and loans over 90 days past due and still accruing interest. The following table presents the recorded investment in nonperforming loans at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017: At March 31, 2018 At December 31, 2017 Loans 90+ Loans 90+ Days Total Days Total Nonaccrual Past Due Nonperforming Nonaccrual Past Due Nonperforming Loans Still Accruing Loans Loans Still Accruing Loans (In thousands) One-to-four family residential $ 1,668 $ - $ 1,668 $ 1,333 $ - $ 1,333 Multi-family residential - - - - - - Construction - - - - - - Commercial real estate 530 - 530 535 - 535 Commercial business 10 - 10 10 - 10 Consumer - - - - - - Total $ 2,208 $ - $ 2,208 $ 1,878 $ - $ 1,878 The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in loans at March 31, 2018: Over 90 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Days Total Total Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Loans (In thousands) One-to-four family residential $ 1,186 $ 597 $ 718 $ 2,501 $ 77,157 $ 79,658 Multi-family residential - - - - 6,465 6,465 Construction - - - - 2,987 2,987 Commercial real estate 157 - 83 240 22,687 22,927 Commercial business 10 - - 10 4,217 4,227 Consumer 12 - - 12 2,096 2,108 Total $ 1,365 $ 597 $ 801 $ 2,763 $ 115,609 $ 118,372 The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in loans at December 31, 2017: Over 90 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Days Total Total Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Loans (In thousands) One-to-four family residential $ 1,599 $ 1,276 $ 512 $ 3,387 $ 76,813 $ 80,200 Multi-family residential - - - - 6,359 6,359 Construction - - - - 2,169 2,169 Commercial real estate 88 189 97 374 22,017 22,391 Commercial business 5 - - 5 3,890 3,895 Consumer - - - - 2,026 2,026 Total $ 1,692 $ 1,465 $ 609 $ 3,766 $ 113,274 $ 117,040 The Bank categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, public information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Bank classifies loans based on credit risk at least quarterly. The Bank uses the following regulatory definitions for risk ratings: Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass rated loans. The following table presents the recorded investment in loans by risk category as of the date indicated: One-to-Four Family Residential Multi-Family Residential Construction Commercial Real Estate Commercial Business Consumer Total March 31, 2018: (In thousands) Pass $ 76,569 $ 6,465 $ 2,987 $ 21,765 $ 3,710 $ 2,108 $ 113,604 Special mention - - - - - - - Substandard 3,089 - - 1,162 517 - 4,768 Doubtful - - - - - - - Loss - - - - - - - Total $ 79,658 $ 6,465 $ 2,987 $ 22,927 $ 4,227 $ 2,108 $ 118,372 December 31, 2017: Pass $ 77,205 $ 6,359 $ 2,169 $ 21,049 $ 3,371 $ 2,026 $ 112,179 Special mention - - - 50 - - 50 Substandard 2,995 - - 1,292 524 - 4,811 Doubtful - - - - - - - Loss - - - - - - - Total $ 80,200 $ 6,359 $ 2,169 $ 22,391 $ 3,895 $ 2,026 $ 117,040 Modification of a loan is considered to be a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") if the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties and the Bank grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. By granting the concession, the Bank expects to obtain more cash or other value from the debtor, or to increase the probability of receipt, than would be expected by not granting the concession. The concession may include, but is not limited to, reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan, reduction of accrued interest, extension of the maturity date or reduction of the face amount of the debt. A concession will be granted when, as a result of the restructuring, the Bank does not expect to collect all amounts due, including interest at the original stated rate. A concession may also be granted if the debtor is not able to access funds elsewhere at a market rate for debt with similar risk characteristics as the restructured debt. The Bank's determination of whether a loan modification is a TDR considers the individual facts and circumstances surrounding each modification. A TDR can involve loans remaining on nonaccrual, moving to nonaccrual, or continuing on accrual status, depending on the individual facts and circumstances of the restructuring. A TDR on nonaccrual status is restored to accrual status when the borrower has demonstrated the ability to make future payments in accordance with the restructured terms, including consistent and timely payments for at least six consecutive months in accordance with the restructured terms. The following table summarizes the Bank's TDRs by accrual status as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017: March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Related Related Allowance for Allowance for Accruing Nonaccrual Total Loan Losses Accruing Nonaccrual Total Loan Losses (In thousands) One-to-four family residential $ 904 $ - $ 904 $ 48 $ 877 $ - $ 877 $ 56 Commercial real estate 476 168 644 24 484 209 693 28 Commercial business 507 10 517 50 514 11 525 58 Total $ 1,887 $ 178 $ 2,065 $ 122 $ 1,875 $ 220 $ 2,095 $ 142 At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose loan terms have been modified in a TDR (both accruing and nonaccruing) totaled $378,000 and $377,000, respectively. These commitments represented the undisbursed portion of a commercial real estate secured line of credit to one borrower. The following table summarizes information in regard to TDRs that were restructured during the three months ended March 31, 2018: Three months ended March 31, 2018 Pre-Modification Post-Modification Number of Outstanding Outstanding Contracts Balance Balance (Dollars in thousands) Troubled debt restructurings: One-to-Four Family Residential 1 $ 44 $ 71 Total 1 $ 44 $ 71 There were no TDRs that were restructured during the three months ended March 31, 2017. There were no principal charge-offs recorded as a result of TDRs and there was no specific allowance for loan losses related to TDRs modified during the three months ended March 31, 2018 or 2017. There were no TDRs modified within the previous 12 months for which there was a subsequent payment default (defined as the loan becoming more than 90 days past due, being moved to nonaccrual status, or the collateral being foreclosed upon) during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. In the event that a TDR subsequently defaults, the Bank evaluates the restructuring for possible impairment. As a result, the related allowance for loan losses may be increased or charge-offs may be taken to reduce the carrying amount of the loan. |