UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
(Mark One)
| ¨ | REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
OR
| x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020
OR
| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
OR
| ¨ | SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Date of event requiring this shell company report:
Commission file number: 001-38562
New Frontier Health Corporation
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Cayman Islands
(Jurisdiction of incorporation)
10 Jiuxianqiao Road,
Hengtong Business Park
B7 Building, 1/F
Chaoyang District, 100015,
Beijing, China
(Address of principal executive offices)
Roberta Lipson
Chief Executive Officer
10 Jiuxianqiao Road,
Hengtong Business Park
B7 Building, 1/F
Chaoyang District, 100015, Beijing, China
Tel: 86-10-59277000
Email: Roberta.Lipson@ufh.com.cn
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Copies to:
Joel L. Rubinstein
Jonathan P. Rochwarger
Elliott M. Smith
White & Case LLP
1221 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10020
Tel: (212) 819-8200
Fax: (212) 354-8113
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
| Ordinary Shares, par value US$0.0001 per share | NFH | New York Stock Exchange | ||
| Warrants, exercisable for ordinary shares | NFH WS | New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
Ordinary Shares
Warrants
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital stock or common stock as of the close of business covered by the annual report.
131,356,980 ordinary shares were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
¨ Yes x No
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
¨ Yes x No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
x Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
x Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer ¨ | Accelerated filer ¨ | Non-accelerated filer x | Emerging growth company x |
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
| U.S. GAAP ¨ | International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board x | Other ¨ |
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
¨ Item 17 ¨ Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
¨ Yes x No
Explanatory Note
The consolidated financial statements and other financial information in this annual report on Form 20-F (i) include our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020, and (ii) reflect a restatement of our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2019 and for the period from December 19, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (the “Affected Period”), and related disclosures.
Restatement Background
On April 12, 2021, the staff of the SEC issued a Staff Statement on Accounting and Reporting Considerations for Warrants Issued by Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (“SPACs”) (the “Statement”). The Statement addresses certain accounting and reporting considerations related to warrants similar to those issued by New Frontier Corporation (“NFC”) at the consummation of its initial public offering on 3 July 2018 (“Issuance Date”). As a result of the Statement, New Frontier Health Corporation (the “Company”) reevaluated the accounting treatment of (i) the 14,375,000 public warrants that were included in the units issued by NFC in its initial public offering in July 2018 (the “IPO”), (ii) the 7,750,000 warrants that were issued in a private placement to New Frontier Public Holding Ltd. (the “Sponsor”) closed concurrently with the closing of the IPO and (iii) 4,750,000 forward purchase warrants issued to certain accredited investors in a private placement transaction in July 2018. The public warrants, private placement warrants and the forward purchase warrants are all subject to the same warrant agreement, and are collectively, hereinafter referred to as “Warrant” or “Warrants”. The Company previously accounted for the Warrants as components of equity.
Based on International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) 9, Financial Instruments and International Accounting Standards (“IAS”) 32, Financial Instruments: Presentation, we concluded the Warrants contain a cashless exercise feature that do not meet the fixed-to-fixed rule under IAS 32.16 (b) (ii). Thus, the Warrants issued by NFC should be accounted for as a financial liability from Day 1(i.e. issuance date) of the Warrants with changes in fair values recognized in profit and loss.
As discussed in further detail below and in Note 31 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the restatement is the result of a misapplication of the guidance on accounting for our issued warrants, which was brought to light by the Statement. We evaluated the impact of this misapplication on the consolidated financial statements listed above and concluded that the impact was potentially material to those financial statements from a quantitative standpoint. Consequently, we have restated the consolidated financial statements identified above. All amounts in this Annual Report affected by the restatement adjustments reflect such amounts as restated.
The Audit Committee, together with management, determined that the consolidated financial statements in the Affected Period should be restated to reflect the Warrants as financial liabilities. The Warrants, therefore, should be initially measured at fair value; and changes in fair value are subsequently recognized in profit or loss.
For more information about the restatement, see Note 31. “Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements” of our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 20-F. The combined impact of the adjustments to the applicable line items in our consolidated financial statements for the period presented are provided in the tables included in this Note 31.
Our shareholders should no longer rely on our financial statements included in our previous annual reports filed on Form 20-F, to the extent relevant to the restatement herein.
In connection with the restatement, management has concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting were not effective as of December 31, 2020, due to a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting related to the accounting for the Warrants. For a discussion of management’s consideration of our disclosure controls and procedures, internal controls over financial reporting, and the material weaknesses identified, see “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors —If we fail to implement and maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting to remediate our material weakness, we may be unable to accurately report our results of operations, meet our reporting obligations or prevent fraud, and investor confidence and the market price of our shares may be materially and adversely affected.” and Part II, Item 15, “Controls and Procedures” of this Form 20-F.
The following items in this annual report on Form 20-F contain financial information that have been amended principally as a result of, and to reflect, the restatement of our consolidated financial statements:
Part I, Item 3. Key Information
Part I, Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
Part II, Item 15. Controls and Procedures
Part II, Item 18. Financial Statements
The restatement of our consolidated financial statements reflected in this annual report on Form 20-F shall not be deemed an admission that the historical annual reports on Form 20-F, when filed, included any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make a statement not misleading.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
i
ii
| PART III | ||
| Item 17 | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 104 |
| Item 18 | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 104 |
| Item 19 | EXHIBITS | 104 |
iii
PART I
On December 18, 2019, New Frontier Health Corporation (formerly known as New Frontier Corporation (“NFC”), consummated the previously announced business combination (the “Business Combination”) pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, dated as of July 30, 2019 (the “Transaction Agreement”), by and among NFC, NF Unicorn Acquisition L.P., a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership and wholly owned indirect subsidiary of NFC, Healthy Harmony Holdings, L.P., a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership (“Healthy Harmony”), Healthy Harmony GP, Inc., a Cayman Islands exempted company and the sole general partner of Healthy Harmony (“HH GP”) and the sellers named therein, pursuant to which, on December 18, 2019 (the “Closing”), NFC (i) indirectly acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interests in Healthy Harmony and HH GP for approximately $1.3 billion in the aggregate and (ii) changed its name from New Frontier Corporation to New Frontier Health Corporation. The business operations of Healthy Harmony are conducted under the brand name “United Family Healthcare” and, together with HH GP, are referred to collectively herein as “UFH.”
Unless the context otherwise requires, “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” “NFH” and “New Frontier Health Corporation” will refer to New Frontier Health Corporation and its subsidiaries.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report includes statements that express NFH’s opinions, expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or projections regarding future events or future results and therefore are, or may be deemed to be, “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “seeks,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “may,” “will” or “should” or, in each case, their negative or other variations or comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include all matters that are not historical facts. They appear in a number of places throughout this report and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs or current expectations concerning, among other things, the business combination, the benefits and synergies of the business combination, including anticipated cost savings, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth, strategies and the markets in which the Company operates. Potential risks and uncertainties include those generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.
| Item 1 | IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS |
Not applicable.
| Item 2 | OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE |
Not applicable.
| Item 3 | KEY INFORMATION |
The following tables set forth, for the periods and dates indicated, certain selected historical financial information.
You should read the following selected combined financial and other data in conjunction with “Item 5 - Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and the audited financial statements and respective notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future.
Prior to the business combination, NFC was a blank check company with nominal operations. On December 18, 2019, we completed the business combination, whereby we acquired UFH. In the business combination, NFC was deemed the accounting acquirer and UFH was deemed the acquiree, and our accounting predecessor. As a result of the application of the acquisition method of accounting as of the effective time of the business combination, the accompanying summary historical financial information includes a black line division which indicates that the Predecessor and Successor reporting entities shown are presented on a different basis and are, therefore, not comparable. The periods presented from December 19, 2019 through December 31, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2020 are the “Successor periods”. The periods presented from January 1, 2019 through December 18, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018 are the “Predecessor periods”.
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The following tables set forth summary consolidated financial information as of December 31, 2020 (Successor) and December 31, 2019 (Successor), the year ended December 31, 2020 (Successor), from December 19, 2019 through December 31, 2019 (Successor), from January 1, 2019 through December 18, 2019 (Predecessor) and the year ended December 31, 2018 (Predecessor). The consolidated financial information is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The historical financial information of NFC (a special purpose acquisition company, or SPAC) prior to the business combination has not been reflected in the Predecessor financial statements as these historical amounts have been determined to be not useful information to a user of the financial statements. SPACs deposit the proceeds from their initial public offerings into a segregated trust account until a business combination occurs, where such funds are then used to either pay consideration for the acquiree or stockholders who elect to redeem their shares of common stock in connection with the business combination. SPACs will operate until the closing of a business combination, and the SPAC’s operations until the closing of a business combination, other than income from the trust account investments and transaction expenses, are nominal. Accordingly, no other activity in the Company was reported for periods prior to December 19, 2019 besides UFH’s operations as Predecessor. The financial information has been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, which we refer to as IFRS, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
The consolidated financial statements are stated in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”).
| Predecessor | Successor | |||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31 2018 | Period from January 1 to December 18 2019 | Period from December 19 to December 31 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2020 | |||||||||||||
| (Restated) | ||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | ||||||||||||
| Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income Data: | ||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | 2,058,779 | 2,369,167 | 80,035 | 2,260,505 | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | (154,046 | ) | (228,378 | ) | (237,889 | ) | (531,854 | ) | ||||||||
| Statement of Cash Flows Data: | ||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities | 130,980 | 316,639 | (80,432 | ) | 265,215 | |||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (534,948 | ) | (341,771 | ) | (45,671 | ) | (319,689 | ) | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities | 103,635 | (189,961 | ) | (9,702 | ) | (631,234 | ) | |||||||||
| Successor | ||||||||
| December 31 2019 | December 31 2020 | |||||||
| (Restated) | ||||||||
| RMB | RMB | |||||||
| Statement of Financial Position Data: | ||||||||
| Total assets | 14,649,635 | 13,415,541 | ||||||
| Total liabilities | 6,540,858 | 5,744,153 | ||||||
| Total equity | 8,108,777 | 7,671,388 | ||||||
B. Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable.
C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
The following risk factors apply to the business and operations of New Frontier Health Corporation. The occurrence of one or more of the events or circumstances described in these risk factors, alone or in combination with other events or circumstances, may have a material adverse effect on the business, cash flows, financial condition and results of operations of New Frontier Health Corporation. You should carefully consider the following risk factors in addition to the other information included in this report, including matters addressed in the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” We may face additional risks and uncertainties that are not presently known to us, or that we currently deem immaterial, which may also impair our business or financial condition. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes to the financial statements included herein.
2
Risks Relating to Our Business and Financial Condition
If our existing facilities fail to perform as expected, our overall business could be negatively impacted.
Our existing facilities are all strategic investments which have expected growth rates. These growth rates are based on many factors, including, but not limited to, a baseline expected ramp-up based on previously opened and ramped-up businesses, our management’s opinion and publicly available data on market capacity, planned capital investment in the Company, and our management’s best estimates and projections of macroeconomic, cultural, and regulatory factors based on publicly available data and information. Several of these factors make necessary assumptions and judgments based on management’s experience and expertise, and as such may be imperfect or subject to error. If these factors, assumptions, or judgments prove to be inaccurate or incomplete, the ramp-up of existing facilities could be negatively impacted and adversely affect our business. Furthermore, our management uses the cash flow expectations of its existing facilities, which take into account projected ramp-ups and growth trends, as inputs for certain of our financing and timing decisions relating to potential expansion projects and capital investments. Therefore, if existing facilities do not ramp up as expected, our future expansions and capital investments may have to be reassessed, or even delayed or canceled, which could adversely impact the overall business.
We may experience difficulties executing our expansion plans.
Our long-term expansion plans include targeted expansion into highly populated markets through the development of new facilities in cities such as Shenzhen, among others, as well as expanding current facilities and opening additional facilities in our existing markets, namely Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Qingdao and Guangzhou. In addition, we plan to continue expanding the number and variety of services we offer at such facilities. As a result, we expect to continue to make capital expenditures over the coming years.
The profitability or success of our current and future projects and investments are subject to numerous factors, conditions and assumptions, many of which are beyond our control. Unfavorable outcomes could reduce our available cash and limit our ability to make cash investments in the future. This could result in lower investment interest or earnings which could result in net losses, and reduce our ability to service current or future indebtedness, which might require us to take on additional borrowings at higher costs. Any of these could have a material adverse effect on our future financial condition or results of operations. Further, any additional financing necessary to complete our expansion plans may not be available on favorable terms, or at all.
Commencement of facility construction is subject to governmental approval and permitting processes, which could materially affect the ultimate cost and timing of construction. Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may influence the ultimate costs and timing of various projects or capital improvements at our facilities, including:
| · | delays in mandatory governmental approvals; |
| · | additional land or facilities acquisition costs; |
| · | increases in the budgeted costs, including increases in the costs of construction materials and labor; |
| · | unforeseen changes in design or delays in construction permits; |
| · | litigation, accidents or natural disasters affecting the construction site; and |
| · | national or regional economic, regulatory or geopolitical changes. |
| · | future outbreaks of infectious diseases like the recent coronavirus (or COVID-19), or the previous SARS virus, which could delay the progress of construction projects due to the possible unavailability of construction workers, or government mandated work stoppages on construction sites. |
3
In addition, actual costs could vary materially from our estimates if those factors or our assumptions about the quality of materials or labor required, or the cost of financing were to change. Should healthcare facility projects be abandoned or substantially decreased in scope due to the inability to obtain necessary permits or other governmental approvals or other unforeseen negative factors, we could be required to expense some or all previously capitalized costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our future financial condition or results of operations.
We may not be able to manage our expected growth and enlarged business.
We plan to make capital expenditures over the coming years to implement our expansion strategy. This growth strategy may not be successful for the following reasons:
| · | Our ability to obtain additional capital for growth is subject to a variety of uncertainties, including our operating results, financial condition, capital market perception, general market conditions for capital raising activities by healthcare companies, and economic conditions in China. |
| · | Our profitability may be adversely affected by the additional costs and expenses associated with the operation of new facilities, increased marketing and sales support activities, technological improvement projects, the recruitment of new employees, the upgrading of our managerial, operational and financial systems, procedures and controls, and the training and management of our growing employee base. |
| · | The increased scale of operation will present our management with challenges associated with operating an enlarged business, including dedication of substantially more time and resources in operating and managing facilities in new geographic locations in China, ensuring regulatory compliance and continuing to manage and grow our business. |
We cannot be certain that our cash flows will grow at all or grow rapidly enough to satisfy the capital and expenses necessary for our growth. It is difficult to assess the extent of capital and expenditure necessary for our growth and their impact on our operating results. Failure to manage growth and enlarged business effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business is capital intensive and we may not be able to secure additional capital financing for new projects or execute new business strategies.
We currently have adequate capital to fund our current expansion projects. However, we may not be able to raise sufficient capital to complete some or all of our business strategies in the future, including new projects or acquisitions, or to react rapidly enough to changes in technology, products, services or the competitive landscape. Healthcare service providers often face high capital requirements in order to take advantage of new market opportunities, respond to rigorous competitive pressure and react quickly to changes in technology and as such, there can be no assurance that we will be able to satisfy our capital requirements in the future. In particular, our expansion strategy requires the construction and maintenance of new and existing healthcare facilities, which requires and depends upon the availability of significant capital, not all of which may be available at the time such project is considered or commenced. In the absence of sufficient available or obtainable capital, we would likely be unable to establish new facilities or maintain growth at our existing facilities as planned. In addition, we may incur costs for projects that may not be completed as projected, if at all, and we may be required to seek capital in financings under circumstances and at times that limit the optimization of the terms of such financings.
If leases at our existing facilities are not renewed or are cancelled, our overall business could be materially impacted.
Our premises are all leased from third parties, and in general have fixed terms. Approximately 9% of our leases in terms of the lease contract value are up for renewal in the next five years. If we are unable to renew our leases, or our leases are terminated before the lease ends, our existing operations may need to be relocated and we would have to pay the associated expenses of relocation, which could be significant. Operation relocation may have negative impacts on our business, including but not limited to: reduced patient volumes if a new location is inconvenient for existing patients; pressure on physician or administration teams if a new location is inconvenient for existing staff; reductions in available space for operations at a new location; less attractive lease terms at a new location; unanticipated capital expenditures to renovate a new location; and possible extra rent expense as we pay rent for a new location during construction and fit-out while a previous location continues operations. For example, the lease of one of the buildings of Beijing United Family Hospital (“BJU”), which covers a total of 6,184 square meters of leased area expired on December 31, 2020, and an extension agreement has not yet been reached. As a result, it is anticipated that a majority of the clinics will be relocated to Building 2, in addition to newly leased, street-front commercial space adjacent to the hospital. Patient maternity rooms that were in Building 1 will be supplemented by a space in the new Beijing United Family Women and Children’s Facility, which was completed in late March 2021.The relocation may cause disruption of the operations and business of BJU and cause significant relocation expenses. In addition, BJU’s operations and financial performance may be temporarily materially impacted. Any of these factors may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
4
Expansion of private healthcare services to reach the Chinese population depends to some extent on the development of insurance products that are not widely available or used.
Expected growth of commercial medical insurance products availability and consumption by the Chinese population is an assumption for our growth and investment decisions. Currently, commercial medical insurance is not generally purchased by the majority of the Chinese population; however, according to the China Insurance Yearbook, gross written commercial health insurance premiums sold in China increased from approximately $12 billion in 2012 to approximately $76 billion in 2018. This rapid growth is anticipated to continue in the future. Furthermore, reimbursement under Chinese government public healthcare insurance is either not enough to cover the entire cost or partial cost of services at private healthcare facilities like ours, consequently, our patients often have to pay for their procedures themselves. This limitation may impede the attractiveness of our services as compared to services at public hospitals for which government benefits provide coverage, especially during economic downturns. As part of our expansion plans, we intend to implement initiatives to increase the number of our local Chinese patients, including increasing marketing outreach and piloting new commercial insurance products primarily targeted at local Chinese patients. If we are not able to achieve success with these initiatives or the commercial insurance industry does not grow as expected, our ability to continue to grow our business may be materially adversely affected.
Our financial performance may be affected by seasonal and annual fluctuations.
Our revenues are impacted by seasonal and annual fluctuations related to epidemiological, cultural, and lifestyle factors. For example, many expatriate and affluent Chinese families traditionally travel outside of China for spring and summer festival vacations, so our revenue typically decreases during those times of year. There are also regular seasonal epidemiological factors where certain medical conditions and patient volumes fluctuate over the course of the year, such as the annual flu season which typically boosts primary care volume during the winter months. In addition, there are often variations in demand year to year for obstetrics services depending on the relative attractiveness of any particular Chinese zodiac calendar year, with certain years being considered particularly attractive, boosting volume, and some considered particularly negative, with ensuing volume, revenue, and referral impacts. As a result of these and other unpredictable seasonal factors, our operating results may fluctuate and adversely impact our business.
New or ongoing health epidemics could adversely affect our operations.
An epidemic outbreak could significantly disrupt our ability to adequately staff our facilities and may generally disrupt operations. For example, in March 2003, several countries, including China, experienced an outbreak of a new and highly contagious form of atypical pneumonia now commonly known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or “SARS.” The severity of the outbreak in certain municipalities, such as Beijing, and provinces, such as the Guangdong Province, materially affected general commercial activity. In particular, a large percentage of the expatriate community that uses our healthcare services left China during the height of the SARS epidemic and could be expected to do so again under similar circumstances. The SARS epidemic in China had a significantly negative impact on our healthcare business, and the extent of any adverse impact that any future SARS outbreak or similar epidemic, such as Avian flu or Swine flu, could have on the Chinese economy and on our business cannot be predicted at this time.
5
More recently, in December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, or COVID-19, was first identified in Wuhan, China, and subsequently spread throughout China and the rest of the world. The Chinese central government and local government in Wuhan and other cities in China introduced various temporary measures to contain the coronavirus outbreak, such as extension of the Lunar New Year holiday, travel restrictions, and voluntary and involuntary quarantines, which have impacted national and local economies to varying degrees. As a result, our operations have been impacted by temporary delays in business activities, commercial transactions and general uncertainties surrounding the duration of the government’s extended business and travel restrictions. In addition, our business operations could be disrupted if any of our employees contracts or is suspected of contracting the coronavirus or any other epidemic disease, since our employees could be quarantined and/or our offices be shut down for disinfection. Also, changes in patient healthcare consumption habits as a result of the epidemic, or patients voluntarily leaving China temporarily or permanently in response to this epidemic, have had and could continue to materially impact our business in the future. If our patient volume continues to decline, or if such patients do not return in the future, our business and results of operations will be significantly adversely affected. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the coronavirus and the actions to contain the coronavirus or treat its impact, among others.
As of April 2021, the number of COVID-19 cases in China has been significantly reduced, but the number of cases are increasing globally, the effects of which have and may continue to materially and negatively impact our business, through lower international travel and commerce, interrupted supply chains, international recruiting difficulty, general international economic softness leading to lower consumer sentiment and spending, as well as numerous other unknown and unforeseeable negative consequences which could negatively impact our operations and business. In addition, any future health pandemic or similar outbreak could severely restrict the level of economic activity in affected areas, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
If we fail to manage our growth or maintain adequate internal accounting, disclosure, data security, and other controls, our business could be adversely affected.
We have expanded our operations rapidly in recent years and continue to explore ways to extend our service and product offerings. Our growth may place a strain on our management systems, information technology systems, resources, internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls. Our ability to operate our business requires adequate information systems and resources as well as sufficient oversight from senior management. As such, our ability to manage our operations and future growth will require us to continue to improve our operational, financial, data, and management controls, including our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls, reporting systems and procedures. As a result of our expansion, we may not be able to maintain adequate controls and procedures or implement improvements to our management, information technology, and control systems in an efficient or timely manner and may discover deficiencies in our existing systems and controls. Our inability to successfully manage our growth and expand our operations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
We face competition that could adversely affect our results of operations.
Our Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Qingdao and Guangzhou healthcare facilities compete with a large number and variety of healthcare facilities in their respective markets. There are many public Chinese hospitals and many of these offer so called “VIP” services, which cater mostly to the affluent Chinese market as well as some foreign residents, and also international clinics serving the expatriate and diplomatic communities and affluent Chinese population. There can be no assurance that these or other hospitals, clinics or facilities will not commence or expand their operations, which could increase competition and potentially affect our market position. Further, there can be no assurance that a qualified Western-style or other healthcare organization, having greater resources in the provision or management of healthcare services, will not enter the market and provide similar services to those being provided by us in any of the cities in which we currently operate or plan to expand. Any shift in the competitive landscape could adversely affect our business, such as driving down market perception on prices for private healthcare services.
Competition in payor systems may also emerge in the Chinese private healthcare industry. Managed care or HMO models, innovative payor contract models, or new or reformed government payor systems could change our payor mix, putting pressure on prices as we seek to attract patients from managed care networks, sign payor contracts, or be eligible for new or reformed government reimbursement systems.
6
If our management decides or is compelled to lower prices as a competitive strategy or reaction for these or other reasons, revenues may be negatively impacted and overall profitability and growth may be adversely affected.
Our business may be adversely affected by inflation or foreign currency fluctuation.
We generate 100% of our revenue and incur approximately 98% of our expenses in Chinese Yuan (“RMB”) within China. The RMB is not freely traded and is closely controlled by the Chinese government and so the value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, the political situation as well as economic policies and conditions. In addition, it is difficult to predict how market forces or Chinese or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.
Changes in inflation rates and the exchange rate between RMB and the U.S. dollar could significantly impact our operations by, among other things, decreasing the volume of expatriate patients in China as a result of the increased cost of living in China, and making it harder or more expensive for us to recruit and hire foreign physicians. Changes in inflation and exchange rates may also negatively impact our local Chinese patient volumes by lowering disposable income available for premium healthcare services. Furthermore, changes in inflation rates in China and in other countries, could adversely impact our business by increasing costs and creating pressure to increase prices. As such, any significant fluctuations in the inflation rate or the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar may materially adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position. Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar could also result in foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes. These and other unpredictable negative consequences of unexpected movements in inflation and foreign exchange rates may adversely impact our business and prospects.
Our business is heavily regulated and failure to comply with those regulations could result in penalties, loss of licensure, additional compliance costs or other adverse consequences.
Healthcare providers in China, as in most other countries, are required to comply with many laws and regulations at the national and local government levels. These laws and regulations relate to, among other things: operating licenses; the conduct of operations; the relationships among hospitals and their affiliated providers; the ownership of facilities; the addition of new facilities and services; patient confidentiality, maintenance and security issues associated with medical records; billing of services; and pricing of services. If we fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations, we could suffer penalties, including the loss of our licenses to operate. In addition, we lease our healthcare facilities, including buildings that may be owned by state-owned enterprises, and in those circumstances, we may be subject to unfavorable terms, such as early termination clauses.
In addition, further healthcare legislative reform is likely, and although recent policy announcements and healthcare reform legislation has all pointed to more market opening and other issues which are beneficial to our development, there is no assurance that future legislation will always be reflective of the current policy environment. Unexpected new policies adverse to our development could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations in the event we do not comply or if compliance is costly. It is not possible to anticipate the exact nature of future healthcare legislative reform in China, which depends largely on factors such as the Chinese Ministry of Health’s priorities, the political climate, and political priorities that can vary significantly from year to year. As such, legislative reform in China is often unpredictable. Consequently, if our business fails to comply with any of these reforms for any reason, it could result in penalties, loss of licensure, additional compliance costs or other adverse consequences.
If we fail to properly manage the registration of the medical professionals at the medical facilities in our network, we may be subject to penalties against such medical facilities, including fines, loss of licenses, or an order to cease practice, which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The practicing activities of medical professionals are strictly regulated under laws, rules and regulations in China. For instance, in China, medical professionals who practice at medical facilities must hold practicing licenses and may only practice within the scope of their licenses and at the specific medical facilities at which their licenses are registered. Furthermore, in China, if a medical professional is found to be practicing at a medical facility where he or she is not properly registered, both the individual and the medical facility will be subject to administrative penalties. Our failure to properly manage the registration of medical professionals in our medical facilities may subject the physicians, us or the individual medical facilities in our network to administrative penalties including fines, loss of licenses, or even an order to cease practice, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
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If we do not attract and retain qualified physicians, administrators or other hospital personnel, our hospital operations would be adversely affected.
Our success in operating our hospitals and clinics is, in part, dependent upon the number and quality of the physicians, administrators and other medical personnel working at these facilities and our ability to retain them. As we offer premium, internationally accredited healthcare services at our hospitals and clinics, we are dependent on attracting a certain number (depending on market profiles) of qualified healthcare professionals, who may experience cultural challenges working in China and may not be willing or able to remain in China for the extended periods of time which are preferable for physician employment. In addition, physicians may terminate their affiliation with our hospitals at any time. The failure to recruit and retain qualified physicians, management, nurses and other medical support personnel, or to control labor costs, could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
We depend on key personnel for the success of our business.
Our success depends, to a significant extent, on the continued active participation of our executive officers and other key personnel, including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Vice President of Medical Affairs, Chief Nursing Officer and the general managers of our hospitals. In addition, there is significant competition for employees with expertise in the healthcare industry in China. In order to succeed, we need to be able to retain our executive officers and key personnel and attract highly skilled personnel in various functions of our business. We cannot make assurances that we will be successful in attracting, integrating, motivating and retaining key personnel. If we are unable to retain our key personnel and attract additional qualified personnel, as and when needed, our business may be adversely affected.
Our business is highly dependent on our reputation. Failure to further develop, maintain or enhance our reputation may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of our operations.
Our reputation is critical to our success in the healthcare services market in China. Our management believes that our brand is well regarded by our patients. However, our failure to develop, maintain or enhance our reputation may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of our operations.
Many factors are important for maintaining and enhancing our reputation and may negatively affect our reputation if they are not properly managed, such as:
| · | Our ability to effectively manage the quality of our services and facilities in our hospitals and clinics, including monitoring the performance of our physicians and other medical professionals; |
| · | Our ability to provide convenient and reliable medical treatments; |
| · | Our ability to increase our brand awareness among existing and potential patients; |
| · | Our ability to meet and exceed our patients’ expectations; |
| · | Our ability to protect the confidentiality of patient data; and |
| · | Our ability to adopt new technologies or adapt our systems according to our patients’ needs and/or new industry standards. |
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Any problems with our services, if publicized in the media or otherwise, could negatively impact our reputation. Similarly, inappropriate or inadequate communication following a major crisis, such as a major operational incident, cybersecurity breach, breach of law or ethics or leak of market-sensitive confidential information, could quickly and seriously impair our reputation. Depending on the nature of such crisis, effective communication may not mitigate serious damage to our reputation and may expose us to criminal and civil prosecution or class action suits by shareholders and other interested parties. Any of these risks can have a material adverse impact on our business.
If we fail to maintain important business relationships with certain key third parties, our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations may suffer.
The medical facilities in our network have established certain cooperation relationships with various third parties, such as suppliers of medical devices (ranging from medical beds to Da Vinci surgical systems), pharmaceutical drug manufacturers and distributors, marketing agencies and other hospitals and clinics outside of our network who refer patients to our facilities. Each of these relationships is important to us as they enable us to provide quality service and enhance our reputation and brand name in China. For example, we work with certain e-commerce sites to market and sell care packages to expectant patients and their families, which is a key patient base for us. If this relationship were to be damaged, obstetrics volume could be negatively impacted.
There is no assurance that we can maintain our cooperation arrangements with such third parties. Should such arrangements become unsuccessful, the number of patients and in turn our revenue may be adversely affected. In addition, as certain arrangements may not be exclusive, there is no assurance that such third parties would not enter into similar arrangements with our competitors or otherwise act in a manner adverse to our interests. If we fail to maintain the cooperation arrangements with these third parties or if these third parties fail to fulfill their obligations under the cooperation arrangements, or if they form relationships with our competitors, our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Unauthorized use of our brand name by third parties may adversely affect our business.
We consider our brand name to be critical to our success. In addition, our continued ability to differentiate our business from the other premium private healthcare providers and other potential new entrants would depend substantially on our ability to preserve the value of our brand name. We rely on trademark law, company brand name protection policies, and agreements with our employees, patients and business partners to protect the value of our brand name. In particular, the UFH brand name has been registered as a “well-known trademark” by the Trademark Office of the State Administration for Market Regulation of the People’s Republic of China (which had been reorganized as the Trademark Office of National Intellectual Property Administration since March 2018). We have also completed the trademark registration process and have been licensed to use several other related trademarks and we currently have 72 trademarks registered under the name of our wholly foreign-owned enterprise, United Family Healthcare Management Consulting (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (the “UFH (WFOE)”), and 178 trademarks registered under the name of Chindex Inc., one of our subsidiaries. However, there can be no assurance that the measures taken by us in this regard are adequate to prevent or deter infringement or other misappropriation of our brand name. Among others, we may not be able to detect unauthorized use of our brand name or copycat in a timely manner because our ability to determine whether other parties have infringed our brand name is generally limited to information from publicly available sources. In order to preserve the value of the UFH brand name, we may have to take legal action against third parties. Nonetheless, because the validity, enforceability and scope of trademark protection in China is uncertain and still evolving, we may not be successful in litigation. Further, future litigation may also result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources and disrupt our business.
As a provider of medical services, we are exposed to inherent risks relating to malpractice and other claims and we may not be adequately insured against such liabilities.
In recent years, physicians, hospitals and other healthcare providers in China have become subject to an increasing number of legal actions alleging malpractice or related legal issues. In addition, as a provider of medical services, any misdiagnosis or improper treatment may result in negative publicity regarding our business or our services, which would harm our reputation. If we are found liable for malpractice, we may be required to pay substantial monetary damages and legal costs.
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To protect our business from the cost of any such claims, we maintain professional malpractice liability insurance and general liability insurance coverage in amounts and with deductibles that we believe to be appropriate for our operations. However, our insurance coverage may not cover all claims against us or continue to be available at a reasonable cost for them to maintain adequate levels of insurance. In addition, even if we are able to successfully defend ourselves against a certain claim, we could be required to spend significant management, financial and other resources in the process, which could disrupt our business, and our reputation and brand name may also suffer.
Our insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover the risks related to our business, and its insurance costs may increase significantly.
Our management believes it has obtained an adequate amount of insurance for the insurable risks relating to our business, including medical malpractice insurance. However, there is no assurance that the insurance policies it maintains are sufficient to cover our business operations. If UFH was to incur substantial liabilities that were not covered by its insurance, UFH could incur costs and losses that could materially and adversely affect its results of operations. Furthermore, UFH cannot assure you that it will be able to continue to maintain insurance with adequate coverage for liability or risks arising from any of its services on acceptable terms. Even if the insurance is considered adequate by management, insurance premiums could increase significantly which could result in higher costs to the company, or insurance terms could change which result in higher effective costs to the company.
We depend on our information systems, which if not implemented, maintained, and secured, could adversely affect our operations.
Our business is dependent on effective information systems that assist us in, among other things, monitoring, assessing utilization and other cost factors, supporting our healthcare management techniques, processing billing and providing data to regulators, and maintaining patient, employee, and corporate privacy and security. If we experience a reduction in the performance, reliability or availability of our information systems, our operations and ability to produce timely and accurate reports could be adversely impacted.
Our information systems and applications require regular maintenance, upgrading and enhancement to meet operational needs. Moreover, the proposed expansion of our facilities and similar activities require transitions to or from, and the integration of, various information systems. We regularly upgrade and expand our information systems capabilities throughout our healthcare services operations. Upgrades, expansions of technological capabilities, and other potential system-wide improvements in information systems may require significant capital expenditures. If we experience difficulties with the transition to or from information systems or are unable to properly implement, finance, maintain or expand such systems, our business could suffer, among other things, from operational disruptions, which could adversely affect our business prospects or results of operations.
We are subject to cyber security risks and other cyber incidents, including the misappropriation of information and other breaches of information security which could adversely affect our business and disrupt our operations.
In the normal course of conducting business, we collect and store sensitive data on our systems, including personal information of patients and employees, including patient medical records, financial information and documentation, and various internal operational documentation. Despite the security measures we have in place and any additional measures we may implement in the future to safeguard our systems and to mitigate potential security risks, our facilities and systems could be vulnerable to cyber security breaches, such as unauthorized access, accidents, employee errors or malfeasance, computer viruses, hackings or other disruptions. Such breach could compromise the security of our data and information technology infrastructure, thereby exposing such information to unauthorized third parties. Techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to information systems, or to sabotage those systems, change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target. We may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to remedy, protect against or alleviate these and related problems, and we may not be able to remedy these problems in a timely manner, or at all. Any disruption of our systems or security breach or event resulting in the misappropriation, loss or other unauthorized disclosure of confidential information, whether by us directly or by an unauthorized third-party, could damage our reputation, result in the incurrence of costs, expose us to the risks of litigation and liability, result in regulatory penalties under laws that protect privacy of personal information, disrupt our business or otherwise affect our results of operations.
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If we fail to implement and maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting to remediate our material weakness over financial reporting, we may be unable to accurately report our results of operations, meet our reporting obligations or prevent fraud, and investor confidence and the market price of our shares may be materially and adversely affected.
We are a public company in the United States subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Section 404, requires that we include a report from management on our internal control over financial reporting starting with this Annual Report. In addition, once we cease to be an “emerging growth company” as such term is defined in the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.
As defined in the standards established by the U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB, a “material weakness” is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
As reported in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2019, we concluded that we had a material weakness relating to the lack of sufficient financial reporting personnel with requisite knowledge and experience in application of SEC rules. As of December 31, 2020, we remediated this material weakness by implementing corrective measures noted in Item 15 “Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” of this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
As reported in this Annual Report on Form 20-F, we concluded that we had a material weakness relating to our accounting for the Warrants issued by NFC at the time of its initial public offering in July 2018. Specifically, the Company's controls to evaluate the accounting for the Warrants issued by NFC in July 2018 did not operate effectively to appropriately apply the provisions of IAS 32.16. We are developing and implementing a remediation plan to address the material weakness related to the accounting for the warrants. We cannot assure you that we will be able to resolve the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting in a timely and effective manner. A significant deficiency or material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting could be identified in the future. Our independent registered public accounting firm was not required to perform an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we have identified all, or that we will not in the future have additional, material weaknesses. Material weaknesses may still exist when our independent registered public accounting firm report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as required by reporting requirements under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
This could in turn result in loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements and negatively impact the trading price of our shares. Furthermore, we have incurred and anticipate that we will continue to incur considerable costs, management time and other resources in an effort to comply with Section 404 and other requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Our debt could impair our financial condition and prevent us from fulfilling our business obligations.
In connection with the closing of the business combination, NF Unicorn Chindex Holding Limited, our wholly owned indirect subsidiary, entered into seven-year senior secured credit facility in an aggregate amount of RMB2,094.6 million (i.e., the RMB equivalent of $300.0 million) with China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd., New York Branch and Shanghai Pudong Development Bank Putuo Sub-Branch as arrangers and original lenders (the “Senior Secured Term Loan”), which funds were used to finance the business combination (in part). As of December 31, 2020, we had total indebtedness of approximately RMB2,060.7 million and cash on hand of approximately RMB640.4 million. Such indebtedness could affect our future operations, for example by:
| · | requiring a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on indebtedness instead of funding working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other business purposes; |
| · | making it more difficult for us to satisfy all of our debt obligations, thereby increasing the risk of triggering a cross-default provision; |
| · | increasing our vulnerability to economic downturns or other adverse developments relative to less leveraged competitors; |
| · | limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other corporate purposes in the future; and |
| · | increasing the cost of borrowing to satisfy business needs. |
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In addition, the terms of our indebtedness impose significant restrictions on our operating and financial flexibility through various covenants that limit the ability of Chindex and its subsidiaries to, among other things:
| · | incur or guarantee additional indebtedness; |
| · | make restricted payments, including dividends and management fees; |
| · | create or permit certain liens; and |
| · | enter into certain business combinations and asset sale transactions. |
If the terms of our debt financing arrangements preclude us from pursuing certain business opportunities, our business and prospects could be adversely affected.
We may be unable to service or refinance our debt.
Our ability to make scheduled payments on, or to reduce or refinance, our indebtedness will depend on our future financial and operating performance. To a certain extent, our future performance will be affected by the impact of general economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control, including the availability of financing in the banking and capital markets. We cannot be certain that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations to service our debt. If we are unable to meet our debt obligations or to fund our other liquidity needs, we will need to restructure or refinance all or a portion of our debt to avoid defaulting on our debt obligations or to meet other business needs. A refinancing of any of our indebtedness could be at higher interest rates, could require compliance with more onerous covenants that further restrict our business operations, could be restricted by another of our debt instruments outstanding, or refinancing opportunities may not be available at all.
Our warrants became exercisable for our ordinary shares 30 days after the consummation of the business combination. If they are exercised they would increase the number of shares eligible for future resale in the public market and result in dilution to our shareholders.
We issued public warrants to purchase 14,375,000 ordinary shares at $11.50 per share and private placement warrants to purchase 7,750,000 ordinary shares in connection with our IPO, and we issued forward purchase warrants to certain institutions and accredited investors in connection with the business combination to purchase an aggregate of 4,750,000 ordinary shares at $11.50 per share at the consummation of the business combination. The ordinary shares issued upon exercise of our public warrants, private placement warrants and forward purchase warrants will result in dilution to the then existing holders of our ordinary shares and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market. Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market could adversely affect the market price of our ordinary shares.
New Frontier Public Holding Ltd. (the “Sponsor”) has significant influence over us.
The Sponsor beneficially owns approximately 12.4% of our ordinary shares (including warrants to purchase ordinary shares). In addition, in connection with the closing of the business combination, the Sponsor entered into (i) certain irrevocable proxies with certain shareholders, pursuant to which such shareholders agreed to grant an irrevocable proxy to the Sponsor to exercise all voting rights attaching to any ordinary shares held by such shareholders at all of our shareholder meetings, and (ii) certain director support agreements with certain shareholders, pursuant to which each such shareholder agreed to, at any of our shareholder meetings, vote all of the ordinary shares directly or indirectly owned or controlled by such shareholder or its affiliates or over which such shareholder or any of its affiliates has voting power to elect each and every person who is nominated by the Sponsor or whom is voted in favor of by the Sponsor to serve as a director of us. As a result of the entry into the aforementioned agreements, as of December 31, 2020, the Sponsor had the power to indirectly control approximately 57.4% of our outstanding ordinary shares (including warrants to purchase ordinary shares). As long as the Sponsor owns or controls a significant percentage of our outstanding voting power, it will have the ability to strongly influence all corporate actions requiring shareholder approval.
In addition, pursuant to the Sponsor Director Nomination Agreement entered into at the consummation of the business combination, the Sponsor has the right to nominate that number of directors for election to our board of directors equal to the total number of directors to be nominated, less the number of directors nominated by Vivo Capital Fund IX (Cayman), L.P. (“Vivo”), Fosun Industrial Co., Limited (“Fosun”) and Roberta Lipson pursuant to the terms of the Vivo Director Nomination Agreement, the Fosun Director Nomination Agreement and the Lipson Employment Agreement, respectively.
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As a result, the Sponsor’s interests may not align with the interests of our other shareholders. The Sponsor is affiliated with New Frontier Group Ltd. (“NFG”), which is in the business of making investments in companies and may acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us. The Sponsor may also pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business, and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. In addition, our Charter provides that we renounce any interest or expectancy in the business opportunities of the Sponsor and its directors, managers, officers, members, partners, managing members, employees and/or agents and each such party shall not have any obligation to offer us those opportunities unless presented to one of our directors or officers in his or her capacity as a director or officer.
Our Charter provides that we waive any interest or expectancy in corporate opportunities presented to NFG, Fosun, Vivo and their respective affiliates and representatives, including the Sponsor.
Our Charter provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, we renounce and waive any interest or expectancy in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, corporate opportunities that are from time to time presented to NFG, Fosun, Vivo and their respective affiliates and representatives, including the Sponsor, even if the opportunity is one that we might reasonably be deemed to have pursued or had the ability or desire to pursue if granted the opportunity to do so. None of NFG, Fosun, Vivo and their respective affiliates and representatives will generally be liable to us for breach of any fiduciary or other duty, as a director or otherwise, by reason of the fact that such person pursues, acquires or participates in such corporate opportunity, directs such corporate opportunity to another person or fails to present such corporate opportunity, or information regarding such corporate opportunity, to us unless, in the case of any such person who is a director or officer, such corporate opportunity is expressly offered to such director or officer solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer. This will allow NFG, Fosun and Vivo to compete with us. Strong competition for investment opportunities could result in fewer such opportunities for us. We likely will not always be able to compete successfully with our competitors and competitive pressures or other factors may also result in significant price competition, particularly during industry downturns, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our Board may be limited in its ability to defend against an unsolicited takeover attempt by Fosun or its affiliates.
In accordance with the terms of the Fosun Rollover Agreement, we agreed not to establish a shareholder rights plan, rights agreement, “poison pill,” or similar anti-takeover arrangement that would limit the ability of Fosun or any of its affiliates from acquiring or transferring ordinary shares, in each case, without the prior written consent of Fosun and unanimous approval of our board of directors. This arrangement could limit the ability of our board of directors to take certain types of defensive actions against a potential takeover attempt by the Fosun or its affiliates, even if our board believes that, in the absence of this arrangement, these types of defensive actions would be in the best interests of our company.
Our only significant asset is ownership of 100% of UFH, which may not be able to pay dividends or make distributions to enable us to pay any dividends on our ordinary shares or to satisfy our other financial obligations.
We have no direct operations and no significant assets other than the ownership of 100% of UFH. As such, we depend on UFH for distributions and other payments to generate the funds necessary to meet our financial obligations, including our expenses as a publicly traded company, and to pay any dividends with respect to our ordinary shares. The earnings from, or other available assets of, UFH may not be sufficient to pay dividends or make distributions or loans to enable us to pay any dividends on our ordinary shares or satisfy our other financial obligations.
The Chinese government imposes strict controls on the convertibility of RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of foreign currencies out of China. The principal regulation governing foreign currency exchange in China is the Regulations of China on Foreign Exchange Administration, as amended in 2008, or the Foreign Exchange Regulations. Under the Foreign Exchange Regulations and other relevant regulations and rules, including Explanations to Regulations on Foreign Exchange Sale, Purchase and Payment (1996), RMB are freely convertible for “current account” transactions, including the distribution of dividends and interest payments, subject to the condition that the remittance of such dividends outside of China complies with certain procedures under Chinese foreign exchange regulation. In order to convert RMB for “capital account” transactions, such as capital injections and loans outside China, the prior approval of, or registration with, the Chinese State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or “SAFE” or its authorized local branches is required.
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Under the current regulatory regime in China, both domestically-funded enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their after-tax profit, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. Our wholly foreign-owned enterprises and domestically-funded enterprises in China are required to set aside as statutory reserve funds at least 10% of its after-tax profit, until the cumulative amount of such reserve funds reaches 50% of its registered capital, whereas our equity joint venture (“EJV”) subsidiaries and cooperative joint venture (“CJV”) subsidiaries have discretion in deciding on the percentage of reserve funds and other funds. Domestically-funded enterprises, wholly foreign-owned enterprises, EJVs and CJVs shall not distribute any profits until any losses from prior fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed together with distributable profits from the current fiscal year. For a discussion of the impact of these rules on our business, please see the section entitled “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Changes in the Foreign Investment Law and regulatory regime could have an impact on the transactions and the operation of our business.”
We may be required to take write-downs or write-offs, restructuring and impairment or other charges that could have a significant negative effect on our financial condition, results of operations and stock price, which could cause you to lose some or all of your investment.
Although NFC conducted due diligence on UFH in connection with the business combination, we cannot assure you that this diligence revealed all material issues that may be present in our business, that it would be possible to uncover all material issues through a customary amount of due diligence, or that factors outside of our control will not later arise. As a result, we may be forced to write-down or write-off assets, restructure our operations, or incur impairment or other charges in the future that could result in losses. Even if the due diligence successfully identified certain risks, unexpected risks may arise and previously known risks may materialize in a manner not consistent with our preliminary risk analysis. Even though these charges may be non-cash items and not have an immediate impact on our liquidity, the fact that we report charges of this nature could contribute to negative market perceptions about us or our securities. In addition, charges of this nature may cause us to violate net worth or other covenants to which we may be subject. Accordingly, our shareholders could suffer a reduction in the value of their shares. Such shareholders are unlikely to have a remedy for such reduction in value unless they are able to successfully claim that the reduction was due to the breach by our officers or directors of a duty of care or other fiduciary duty owed to them, or if they are able to successfully bring a private claim under securities laws that the proxy solicitation materials relating to the business combination contained an actionable material misstatement or material omission.
If the benefits of the business combination do not meet the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the market price of our securities may decline.
If the benefits of the business combination do not meet the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the market price of our securities may decline. In addition, fluctuations in the price of our securities could contribute to the loss of all or part of your investment. Prior to the business combination, trading in our ordinary shares was not active. Accordingly, the valuation ascribed to our ordinary shares in the business combination may not be indicative of the price that will prevail in the trading market following the business combination. If an active market for our securities develops and continues, the trading price of our securities following the business combination could be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. Any of the factors listed below could have a material adverse effect on your investment in our securities and our securities may trade at prices significantly below the price you paid for them. In such circumstances, the trading price of our securities may not recover and may experience a further decline.
Factors affecting the trading price of our securities may include:
| · | actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly financial results or the quarterly financial results of companies perceived to be similar to us; |
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| · | changes in the market’s expectations about our operating results; |
| · | success of competitors; |
| · | our operating results failing to meet the expectation of securities analysts or investors in a particular period; |
| · | changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts concerning our business or the industries in which we operate in general; |
| · | operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to us; |
| · | our ability to market new and enhanced products and services on a timely basis; |
| · | changes in laws and regulations affecting our business; |
| · | commencement of, or involvement in, litigation involving us; |
| · | changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of additional debt; |
| · | the volume of our ordinary shares available for public sale; |
| · | changes in our board or management; |
| · | sales of substantial amounts of ordinary shares by our directors, executive officers or significant shareholders or the perception that such sales could occur; |
| · | the proposed acquisition of all of our outstanding ordinary shares and warrants not already beneficially owned by New Frontier Public Holding Ltd. (“NFPH”), Carnival Investments Limited, a company affiliated with Leung Kam Chung (the “Chairman”), Roberta Lipson and her affiliates (collectively, the “CEO”), Max Rising International Limited, a company affiliated with Carl Wu (the “President”), Ying Zeng (the “COO”), Vivo Capital Fund IX (Cayman), L.P.(“Vivo”), NF SPAC Holding Limited and Sun Hing Associates Limited (together with NF SPAC Holding Limited, “Nan Fung”), Brave Peak Limited (“Shimao”), Aspex Master Fund (“Aspex”), Smart Scene Investment Limited (“Hysan”), and LY Holding Co., Limited (“LY” and, together with NFPH, the Chairman, the CEO, the President, the COO, Vivo, Nan Fung, Shimao, Aspex and Hysan, the “Buyer Group”) or their affiliates, in a proposed going private transaction; and |
| · | general economic and political conditions such as recessions, interest rates, fuel prices, international currency fluctuations and acts of war or terrorism. |
Broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of our securities irrespective of our operating performance. The stock markets in general, and the NYSE in particular, have experienced price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the particular companies affected. The trading prices and valuations of these stocks, and of our securities, may not be predictable. A loss of investor confidence in the market for the stocks of other companies which investors perceive to be similar to us could depress our stock price regardless of our business, prospects, financial conditions or results of operations. A decline in the market price of our securities also could adversely affect our ability to issue additional securities and our ability to obtain additional financing in the future.
There can be no assurance that any definitive offer will be made with respect to the going private transaction proposed by the Buyer Group, that any agreement will be executed or that this or any other transaction will be approved or consummated. Potential uncertainty involving the proposed going private transaction may adversely affect our business and the market price of our ordinary shares and warrants.
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On February 9, 2021, our board of directors received a preliminary non-binding proposal letter from the Buyer Group proposing to acquire all of our outstanding ordinary shares not already owned by the Buyer Group or their affiliates for US$12.00 per share in cash in a going private transaction. For more details, see “Item 4.A. History and Development of the Company — Proposed Going Private Transaction.” There can be no assurance that any definitive offer will be made, that any agreement will be executed or that any proposed going private transaction will be approved or consummated. These uncertainties may increase the volatility of the market price of our ordinary shares and have a material adverse effect on the market price of our ordinary shares.
The proposed going private transaction, whether or not pursued or consummated, presents a risk of diverting management focus, employee attention and resources from other strategic opportunities and from operational matters. In addition, if we sign any definitive agreement with the Buyer Group, we may be subject to various restrictions under those agreements on the conduct of our business prior to the completion of the transaction, which may delay or prevent us from undertaking business opportunities that may arise pending completion of the transaction. Also, any development of the going private transaction, such as entering into or termination of any definitive agreement, may increase volatility of the trading price of our securities.
A market for our securities may not continue, which would adversely affect the liquidity and price of our securities.
Following the business combination, the price of our securities may fluctuate significantly due to the market’s reaction to the business combination and general market and economic conditions. An active trading market for our securities following the business combination may never develop or, if developed, it may not be sustained. In addition, the price of our securities after the business combination can vary due to general economic conditions and forecasts, our general business condition and the release of our financial reports. Additionally, if our securities are not listed on, or become delisted from, the NYSE for any reason, and are quoted in the over-the-counter market, the liquidity and price of our securities may be more limited than if we were quoted or listed on the NYSE or another national securities exchange. You may be unable to sell your securities unless a market can be established or sustained.
Our credit facilities contain certain financial and other covenants. The failure to comply with such covenants could have an adverse effect on us.
In connection with the closing of the business combination, NF Unicorn Chindex Holding Limited, our wholly owned indirect subsidiary, entered into seven-year senior secured credit facility as of December 9, 2019 with China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd., New York Branch and Shanghai Pudong Development Bank Putuo Sub-Branch as arrangers and original lenders, and Shanghai Pudong Development Bank Putuo Sub-Branch as agent and security agent (the “Senior Secured Term Facility Agreement”). The proceeds of the Senior Secured Term Loan were applied towards financing the business combination at the consummation of the business combination Date.
The Senior Secured Term Facility Agreement sets out restrictions on, among others, transactions between the borrower, Chindex and its subsidiaries (each, a “Chindex Group Member”) and HHH Inc. and its subsidiaries as at the consummation of the business combination Date (each, an “Existing HHH Group Member” and together the “Existing HHH Group”), including: (i) restrictions on material transactions of any Chindex Group Member with any Existing HHH Group Member except on arm’s length terms or better (from the perspective of the Chindex Group Member) subject to exceptions agreed in the Senior Secured Term Facility Agreement, and (ii) restrictions on loans, credits or guarantees to be made by any Chindex Group Member or any Existing HHH Group Member, subject to exceptions agreed in the Senior Secured Term Facility Agreement (including, amongst others, any intercompany loans made by or guarantees granted by (x) a Chindex Group Member to or in favor of another Chindex Group Member or an Existing HHH Group Member or (y) by an Existing HHH Group Member in respect of the obligations of, to or in favor of, another Existing HHH Group Member, a Chindex Group Member or NFC or any of its subsidiaries (together, the “NFC Group”), provided that, amongst others, (in respect of the guarantee provided by an Existing HHH Group Member the proceeds of such indebtedness or obligations are reinvested into HHH Inc. and its subsidiaries and /or the Chindex Group by way of equity injection or subordinated intercompany loan. Separately, there are general restrictions (i) that the aggregate consideration paid by the Chindex Group Members for any permitted acquisitions and permitted joint ventures to or in respect of any HHH Group Member and the aggregate intercompany loans made by the Chindex Group Members to the HHH Group Members shall not at any time exceed RMB800,000,000 or the equivalent during the life of the Senior Secured Term Loan, except to the extent funded by (x) any equity injection or shareholder loan made by NFC (or its affiliate) to any Chindex Group Member, and (y) an aggregate amount up to US$150,000,000 funded by NFC (or its affiliate) to any Chindex Group Member by way of the equity injection, which is further provided by such Chindex Group Member to any HHH Group Member by way of equity injection or intercompany loan for the purpose of financing or refinancing the capital expenditure of HHH Group (the “General Basket”), and (ii) in respect of each Chindex Group Member, the making of any permitted acquisition, joint venture investment or restricted payment, or the provision of intercompany loans, entrustment loans or guarantees permitted under the credit agreement related to the Senior Secured Term Loan, shall not have any material adverse effect on NF Unicorn Chindex Holding Limited’s ability to comply with its payment obligations under the finance documents, or to fund any operating expenses in the ordinary course of business in any material respect, or its ability to comply with financial covenants under the credit agreement related to the Senior Secured Term Loan.
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In addition, the Senior Secured Term Facility Agreement contains certain financial and other general covenants including a net leverage ratio covenant, and limitations on, among other things, liens or security, financial indebtedness, merger, acquisitions, joint venture, change of business, payment of dividends and other distributions of its share capital, provision of loans, credit or guarantee, disposal of assets, and collection accounts and cash pooling arrangement. Any failure to comply with the restrictions of the credit facilities may result in an event of default under the Senior Secured Term Facility Agreement, and we may then be required to repay such debt with capital from other sources. The credit agreement bears interest at variable rates. If benchmark interest rates designated thereunder increase, variable rate debt will create higher debt service requirements, which could adversely affect our cash flow.
We may need additional capital in the future, and it may not be available on acceptable terms.
We may need to access the debt and equity capital markets. However, these sources of financing may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Our ability to obtain additional financing will be subject to a number of factors, including market conditions, our operating performance, investor sentiment and ability to incur additional debt in compliance with agreements governing our then-outstanding debt. These factors may make the timing, amount, terms or conditions of additional financings unattractive to us. If we are unable to generate sufficient funds from operations or raise additional capital, our growth could be impeded.
Risks Relating to Doing Business in China
A severe or prolonged downturn in the global or Chinese economy could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The potential trade war between the U.S. and China, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may cause long-term global economic turmoil. A prolonged slowdown in the global or Chinese economies, including sustained periods of decreased consumer spending, higher unemployment levels, declining consumer or business confidence and continued volatility and disruption in the credit and capital markets, may have an adverse effect on our business. Unfavorable economic conditions could lead to a decrease in consumer spending on discretionary items, such as our premium services, and could cause our potential patients to delay their treatments or seek treatments at public hospitals where the cost of such services are covered by public insurance. In addition, if global economic uncertainty continues, international companies with offices in China may decide to close or otherwise significantly reduce their headcount in China. This could lead to a significant reduction in our patient base, which is largely dependent on expatriates and affluent Chinese patients. Any of these situations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The economic policies of the Chinese government and economic growth of China could adversely affect us.
Substantially all of our assets are located in China, and all of our revenue is derived from operations in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition and results of operations are subject to a significant degree, to economic, political and legal developments in China.
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The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including:
| · | the degree of government involvement; |
| · | the level of development; |
| · | the growth rate; |
| · | the control of foreign exchange; |
| · | the allocation of resources; |
| · | an evolving and rapidly changing regulatory system; and |
| · | a lack of sufficient transparency in the regulatory process. |
While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth in the past 30 years, growth has been uneven, both geographically and across various sectors of the economy. The Chinese economy has also experienced certain adverse effects due to the global financial crisis. The growth rate of China’s gross domestic product has slowed in recent years to 6.6% in 2018 from 9.4% in 2009, according to the National Bureau of Statistics of China and could slow further in the coming years due to the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak. The Chinese government has implemented various measures to jump start the economy, encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may also have a negative effect on our business. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely (or positively) affected by government control over capital investments, foreign currency exchange restrictions or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us.
The Chinese economy has been transitioning from a planned economy to a more market-oriented economy. Although the Chinese government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of sound corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of the productive assets in China are still owned by the Chinese government. The continued control of these assets, including formal ownership by the Chinese government of the land used for our facilities, and other aspects of the national economy by the Chinese government could materially and adversely affect our business. The Chinese government also exercises significant control over Chinese economic growth through the allocation of resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies, including state owned public hospitals.
Any adverse change in the economic conditions or government policies in China could have a material adverse effect on overall economic growth, which in turn could lead to a reduction in demand for our services and consequently have a material adverse effect on our business.
Labor policy changes or reforms by the Chinese government could adversely affect our business.
The Chinese government has strong control and oversight of labor law and labor contract law and enforces compliance with these laws. The government has taken actions to improve protection of employees’ rights, often serving to increase the responsibilities and labor costs of employers. Some significant changes include a requirement to offer permanent employment at the conclusion of two successive fixed term employment contracts; a requirement to pay severance in all cases of termination except for extreme breach of contract by the employee or the employee’s voluntary resignation; and a requirement for the employer to pay financial compensation in return for the employee’s non-compete agreement. Our business is highly dependent on labor for clinical, facility and administrative teams, our business is particularly sensitive to labor reforms that could increase labor costs, such as increasing minimum wages, pension or healthcare contributions, and preferential tax deduction policies. Any changes to such reforms could significantly increase our labor costs, with associated negative impacts of lowering profitability, available cash for expansions, and other negative impacts.
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The Chinese legal system may not provide us with adequate protections.
The Chinese legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike common law systems, the Chinese legal system is a system in which decided legal cases have little precedential value. As such, there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of China’s laws and regulations. The Chinese government has been developing a comprehensive system of commercial law, and considerable progress has been made in introducing laws and regulations dealing with economic matters such as foreign investment, corporate organization and governance, commerce, taxation and trade. However, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published cases and judicial interpretation and their lack of force as precedents, interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve significant uncertainties. In addition, new laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively, which can create significant uncertainty. We cannot predict what effect the interpretation of existing or new laws or regulations may have on our business in China. If the relevant authorities determine that we are in violation of any laws or regulations, they would have broad discretion in dealing with such violations, including, among other things: (i) levying fines and (ii) requiring that we discontinue any portion or all of our business in China.
Changes in the Foreign Investment Law and regulatory regime could have an impact on future transactions and the operation of our business.
The Foreign Investment Law and Implementing Regulations of the Foreign Investment Law came into effect on January 1, 2020, replaced the trio of existing laws regulating foreign investment in China, namely, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on China-Foreign Equity Joint Venture (the “EJV Law”), the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises and the Law of the People’s Republic of China on China-Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures (together with the EJV Law, the “JV Laws”), each of which applied to some entities incorporated in China and controlled (directly or indirectly) by us. The Foreign Investment Law embodies an expected Chinese regulatory trend to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic investments. Since the Foreign Investment Law became effective, uncertainties exist in relation to its interpretation and implementation. For instance, though the Foreign Investment Law does not explicitly classify contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment, it contains a catch-all provision under the definition of ”foreign investment,” which includes investments made by foreign investors in China through means stipulated in laws or administrative regulations or other methods prescribed by the State Council. Therefore, it still leaves leeway for future laws, administrative regulations or provisions promulgated by the State Council to provide for contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment. Furthermore, if future laws, administrative regulations or provisions prescribed by the State Council mandate further actions to be taken by companies with respect to existing contractual arrangements, such as unwinding our existing contractual arrangements and/or disposal of our related business operations, we may face substantial uncertainties as to whether we can complete such actions in a timely manner, or at all.
In addition, the Foreign Investment Law requires that all foreign invested enterprises in China must comply with either the Company Law of the People’s Republic China or the Partnership Enterprise Law of the People’s Republic China for purposes of their corporate governance structure, organizational form and operational rules, except that foreign invested enterprises established prior to the effective date of the Foreign Investment Law may keep their current corporate governance structure, organizational form and operational rules for a five year transition period ending on December 31, 2024. As a result of the implementation of the Foreign Investment Law, our Chinese subsidiaries that were initially established as China-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures (“EJV”), such as Shanghai Pudong United Family Hospital (“PDU”) and China-Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures (“CJV”), may have to amend their formation documents to take into account some of the material corporate governance and structural differences between the JV Laws and the Company Law. For example, whereas the board of directors governs an EJV and the board of directors or joint management committee governs a CJV under the JV Laws, under the Company Law, the shareholders govern a company. In addition, there are uncertainties as to how and whether our Chinese joint venture partners will agree to work together to implement the necessary changes during the five-year transition period given that these changes may affect the decision making process and other corporate governance matters of the relevant subsidiaries, which might have an impact on our operations.
Failure to take timely and appropriate measures to cope with any of these or similar regulatory compliance challenges could materially and adversely affect our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations.
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The conversion of RMB into foreign currency is regulated, and these regulations could adversely affect our business and investments.
We generate 100% of our revenue and incur approximately 98% of our expenses in RMB within China, however, a portion of our earnings are typically transferred from China and converted into U.S. dollars or other currencies to pay certain of these expenses, including to service our offshore debt financing (which is denominated in RMB). The Chinese government imposes strict controls on the convertibility of RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. Specifically, under Chinese foreign exchange regulations, payments for “current account” transactions, including remittance of foreign currencies for payment of dividends, profit distributions, interest and operation-related expenditures, may be made without prior approval but are subject to procedural requirements. Strict foreign exchange control continues to apply to “capital account” transactions, such as direct foreign investment and foreign currency loans. These capital account transactions must be approved by or registered with China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or “SAFE” or its authorized local branches. As such, we cannot assure you that we will able to meet all of our foreign currency obligations to remit profits out of China or to fund operations in China. In addition, it is possible that SAFE could impose new or increase existing restrictions on currency transfers or otherwise impose exchange controls that adversely affect our practices. Adverse actions by SAFE could also affect our ability to obtain foreign currency through debt or equity financing, including by means of loans or capital contributions, which could adversely affect our business.
Failure to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and withhold individual income tax on employees’ salaries as required by Chinese regulations may subject us to penalties.
Companies operating in China are required to participate in various government-mandated employee benefit contribution plans, including certain social insurance, housing funds and other welfare-oriented payment obligations, and are also required to contribute an amount for each eligible employee equal to certain percentages of their salary, including bonuses and allowances, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time at locations where we operate our businesses. The requirement to contribute to employee benefit contribution plans has not been implemented consistently by the local governments in China given the different levels of economic development in different locations. In addition, companies operating in China are also required to withhold individual income tax on employees’ salaries based on the actual salary of each employee upon payment. It is our policy for each of our subsidiaries to follow the government regulations and instructions on tax withholding and social benefit contributions. If we do not contribute enough money to the employee benefit contribution plans and/or fail to withhold the appropriate amount of individual income tax, we may be subject to late fees and fines and our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
China’s M&A Rules and certain other Chinese regulations establish complex procedures for some acquisitions of Chinese companies by foreign investors, which could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions in China.
The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, or the “M&A Rules,” adopted by six Chinese regulatory agencies in 2006 and amended in 2009, along with other rules and regulations concerning mergers and acquisitions, established procedures and requirements that could make merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time-consuming and complex, including requirements in some instances that the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, or “MOFCOM,” be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a Chinese domestic enterprise. Moreover, the Anti-Monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China requires that the MOFCOM be notified in advance of any concentration of undertaking if certain thresholds are triggered. In addition, MOFCOM issued a regulation that specifies that mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors that raise “national defense and security” concerns and mergers and acquisitions through which foreign investors may acquire de facto control over domestic enterprises that raise “national security” concerns will be subject to strict review by the MOFCOM, and the rules prohibit any activities attempting to bypass a security review, including by structuring the transaction through a proxy or contractual control arrangement. In the future, we may grow our business by acquiring complementary businesses. Complying with the above-mentioned regulations and other relevant rules to complete such transactions could be time-consuming, and any required approval processes, including obtaining approval from the MOFCOM or its local counterparts may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain its market share.
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If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders.
Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “de facto management body” within the PRC is considered a “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax on its global income at the rate of 25%. The implementation rules define the term “de facto management body” as the body that exercises full and substantial control and overall management over the business, productions, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In 2009, the SAT issued a circular, known as SAT Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China. Although this circular only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners like us, the criteria set forth in the circular may reflect the SAT’s general position on how the “de facto management body” test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of all offshore enterprises. According to SAT Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group will be regarded as a PRC tax resident by virtue of having its “de facto management body” in China, and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its global income only if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the primary location of the day-to-day operational management is in the PRC; (ii) decisions relating to the enterprise’s financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval by organizations or personnel in the PRC; (iii) the enterprise’s major assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholder resolutions are located or maintained in the PRC; and (iv) at least 50% of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in the PRC.
We believe none of our entities outside China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities, and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.” If the PRC tax authorities determine that we or any of our subsidiaries outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, then we or any such subsidiaries could be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 25% on our worldwide income, which could materially reduce our net income. In addition, we would also be subject to PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. Furthermore, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, gains realized on the sale or other disposition of ordinary shares and dividends distributed to our non-PRC shareholders may be subject to PRC withholding tax, at a rate of 10% in the case of non-PRC enterprises or 20% in the case of non-PRC individuals (in each case, subject to the provisions of any applicable tax treaty), if such gains or dividends are deemed to be from PRC sources. Any such tax may reduce the returns on your investment in the ordinary shares.
Natural disasters, terrorist attacks and other extraordinary events could adversely affect our business.
Our business could be materially and adversely affected by natural disasters, terrorist attacks or other events in China where all of our operations are located. For example, in May 2008, the Sichuan Province suffered a strong earthquake measuring approximately 8.0 on the Richter scale that caused widespread damage and casualties and had a material adverse effect on the general economic conditions in the affected areas. The occurrence of any future disasters such as earthquakes, fires, floods, wars, terrorist attacks, or other events, or if our information systems or communications network breaks down or operates improperly as a result of such events, our facilities may be seriously damaged, and it may have to stop or delay operations. We may incur expenses relating to such damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
The Chinese government could change its policies toward, or even nationalize, private enterprise, which could harm our operations.
Over the past several years, the Chinese government has pursued economic reform policies, including the encouragement of private economic activities, decentralization of economic regulation and substantial reform of the healthcare system in China. The Chinese government may not continue to pursue these policies or may significantly alter them to our detriment from time to time without notice. Changes in policies by the Chinese government resulting in changes in laws and regulations or their interpretation, or the imposition of confiscatory taxation, restrictions on currency conversion or imports and sources of supply could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results. In addition, the nationalization or other expropriation of private enterprises by the Chinese government could result in the total loss of our investment in China.
Also, the Chinese tax system is subject to substantial uncertainties in both interpretation and enforcement of the laws. In the past, following the Chinese government’s program of privatizing many state-owned enterprises, the Chinese government attempted to augment our revenues through heightened tax collection efforts. Continued efforts by the Chinese government to increase tax revenues could result in other decisions or interpretations of the tax laws by the Chinese taxing authorities that increase our future tax liabilities or deny it expected refunds, which could adversely impact our business.
If we fail to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in China, we could become subject to fines or penalties or incur costs that could have a material adverse effect on the success of our business.
We are subject to numerous environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. Any violation of these regulations may result in substantial fines, criminal sanctions, revocations of operating permits, shutdown of our facilities and obligations to take corrective measures. We cannot completely eliminate the risk of injury as a result of any of these violations, and in such event, we could be held liable for any resulting damages, and any liability could exceed our resources. We also could incur significant costs associated with civil, administrative or criminal fines and penalties. Liability for any such costs may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
As the operations of our business generate waste water, hazardous substances and other industrial wastes, we must comply with all applicable national and local environmental laws and regulations in China. In accordance with China’s Environmental Protection Law, as amended in 2014, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, as amended in 2018, and the Administrative Measures for Pollutant Discharge Licensing, as amended in 2019, we are required to undertake an environmental impact assessment, implement occupational disease hazard assessment procedures and pass certain environmental protection acceptance procedures at each of our facilities, the latter of which must be completed within twelve months of the completion of construction at the relevant facility. In addition, we are also required to register with, and/or obtain approvals from, relevant environmental protection authorities for various environmental matters such as discharging waste generated by our operations.
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In addition, each of our medical institutions is required to comply with the safety and health laws and regulations in China. For example, in accordance with China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution (2003), each of our medical institutions that operate equipment that contain radioactive materials or emit radiation must obtain a radiation safety permit from the relevant local counterpart of the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
One of our new facilities is in the process of completing its environmental acceptance procedure and is expected to complete the required procedures within the time frame required by applicable laws. This facility is expected to obtain the required approvals before the expiration of such statutory time limit. However, we may not be able to obtain such approvals or permits or follow the requisite requirements at this facility or other facilities in a timely manner or at all. If we are unable to comply with these rules, we may be required to pay fines or damages to third parties or we may be ordered to suspend or cease our operations in the relevant premises.
Corrupt practices in the healthcare industry in China may place us at a competitive disadvantage if our competitors engage in such practices and may harm our reputation if our hospitals and the medical personnel who work in them engage in such practices.
There may be corrupt practices in the healthcare industry in China. Our competitors, other service providers or their personnel or equipment manufacturers may engage in corrupt practices to influence hospital personnel or other decision makers in violation of the anti-corruption laws of China and the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the “FCPA.”
We have adopted a policy regarding compliance with the anti-corruption laws of China and the FCPA to prevent, detect and correct such corrupt practices. However, as competition persists and intensifies in the industry, we may lose opportunities if our competitors engage in such practices or other illegal activities. In addition, our administrators or the doctors or other medical personnel who work in our hospitals may engage in corrupt practices without our management’s knowledge.
Although our policies prohibit such practices, we have limited control over the actions of individual employees who may act outside of such policies. If any of them engages in such illegal practices, we or our hospitals may be subject to sanctions or fines and our reputation may be adversely affected by negative publicity stemming from such incidents.
Failure to comply with anti-corruption laws, rules and regulations could subject our facilities and/or the physicians, other medical professionals and staff who work at our facilities to investigations and administrative or criminal proceedings, which may harm the reputation of such medical facilities and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have adopted policies and procedures designed to ensure that the physicians, other medical professionals and staff who work at the facilities in our network reasonably comply with anti-corruption laws, rules and regulations. The Chinese government has increased its anti-bribery efforts to reduce improper payments and other benefits received by physicians, other medical professionals and staff in connection with the purchase of pharmaceuticals and the provision of healthcare services. There can be no assurance that our policies and procedures will effectively prevent any non-compliance with relevant anti-corruption laws, rules and regulations arising from actions taken by an individual physician, other medical professionals and staff without the knowledge of each medical facility in our network. If this occurs, the medical facilities and/or the physicians, other medical professionals and staff may be subject to investigations and administrative or criminal proceedings, and the reputation of the medical facilities in our network could be significantly harmed by any negative publicity stemming from such incidents, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes in international trade policies and rising political tensions, particularly between the U.S. and China, may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Recently, there have been heightened tensions in international economic relations, such as the one between the United States and China. The U.S. government has recently imposed, and has recently proposed to impose additional, new, or higher tariffs on certain products imported from China to penalize China for what it characterizes as unfair trade practices. China has responded by imposing, and proposing to impose additional, new, or higher tariffs on certain products imported from the United States. Following mutual retaliatory actions for months, on January 15, 2020, the United States and China entered into the Economic and Trade Agreement Between the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China as a phase one trade deal, effective on February 14, 2020. It remains unclear what additional actions, if any, will be taken by the U.S. or other governments with respect to international trade, tax policy related to international commerce, or other trade matters.
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The situation is further complicated by the political tensions between the United States and China that escalated during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the wake of the National People’s Congress’s decision on Hong Kong national security legislation, sanctions imposed by the U.S. Department of Treasury on certain officials of the Hong Kong and China and the executive orders issued by U.S. President in August 2020 that prohibit certain transactions with certain China-based companies and their respective subsidiaries. Against this backdrop, China has implemented, and may further implement, measures in response to the changing trade policies, treaties, tariffs and sanctions and restrictions against Chinese companies initiated by the U.S. government. For example, the MOFCOM published new rules in January 2021 to counter restrictions imposed by foreign countries on Chinese citizens and companies.
This evolving policy dispute between China and the United States could have significant impact on the Chinese economy as well as consumer discretional spending, directly and indirectly, and no assurance can be given that we will not be adversely affected by any governmental actions taken by either China or the United States, perhaps materially. In view of the positions of the respective trade representatives, it is not possible to predict with any certainty the outcome of this dispute or whether it will involve other agencies or entities brought in to resolve the policy differences of the two countries. Furthermore, any political or trade controversies, or political events or crises, between the United States and China or proxies thereof, whether or not directly related to our business, could reduce the price of our ordinary shares since we are a U.S. listed company operating in China.
If we become directly subject to the scrutiny involving U.S. listed Chinese companies, we may have to expend significant resources to investigate and/or defend the matter, which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation.
U.S. public companies that have substantially all of their operations in China have been the subject of intense scrutiny by investors, financial commentators and regulatory agencies. Much of the scrutiny has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, a lack of effective internal controls over financial reporting and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, the publicly traded stock of many U.S. listed China-based companies that have been the subject of such scrutiny has sharply decreased in value. Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and/or SEC enforcement actions and are conducting internal and/or external investigations into the allegations. If we become the subject of any such scrutiny, whether any allegations are true or not, we may have to expend significant resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend our business. Such investigations or allegations will be costly and time-consuming and distract our management from our business plan and could result in our reputation being harmed and our stock price could decline as a result of such allegations, regardless of the truthfulness of the allegations.
The audit report included in this report was prepared by auditors who are not inspected fully by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and, accordingly, our shareholders are deprived of the benefits of this inspection.
As an auditor of companies that are publicly traded in the United States and a firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or “PCAOB,” Ernst & Young Hua Ming LLP is required under the laws of the United States to undergo regular inspections by the PCAOB. However, because the Company has substantial operations within China, a jurisdiction where the PCAOB is currently unable to conduct inspections without the approval of the Chinese government authorities, our auditor and its audit work are not currently inspected fully by the PCAOB. On December 7, 2018, the SEC and the PCAOB issued a joint statement highlighting continued challenges faced by the U.S. regulators in their oversight of financial statement audits of U.S.-listed companies with significant operations in China. The joint statement reflects a heightened interest in an issue that has concerned U.S. regulators in recent years. However, it remains unclear what further actions the SEC and PCAOB will take to address the problem.
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Inspections of other auditors conducted by the PCAOB outside of China have at times identified deficiencies in those auditors’ audit procedures and quality control procedures, which may be addressed as part of the inspection process to improve future audit quality.
The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of China that are subject to PCAOB inspections. Investors may lose confidence in our reported financial information and procedures and the quality of our financial statements.
On December 18, 2020, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCA Act, was enacted. The HFCA Act requires the SEC to prohibit securities of any foreign companies from being listed on U.S. securities exchanges or traded “over-the-counter” if a company retains a foreign accounting firm that cannot be inspected by the PCAOB for three consecutive years, beginning in 2021. On March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final amendments to implement the HFCA Act. A registrant will not be required to comply with the amendments until the SEC has identified it as having a non-inspection year. As of the date of this Annual Report, the SEC is seeking public comment on this identification process. We are not required to comply with the amendments until the SEC has identified us as having a “non-inspection” year under a process to be subsequently established by the SEC. If we are identified by the SEC as a registrant that will have to comply with the interim final amendments, we will be subject to additional submission and disclosure requirements. For example, the amendments will require any identified registrant to submit documentation to the SEC establishing that the registrant is not owned or controlled by a governmental entity in that foreign jurisdiction, and will also require disclosure in a foreign issuer’s annual report regarding the audit arrangements of, and governmental influence on, such a registrant. The SEC is seeking public comment on these submission and disclosure requirements and plans to separately address implementation of the trading prohibitions in the HFCA Act in the future.
There could be additional regulations or legislation that could impact us if our auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspection. For example, on August 6, 2020, the President's Working Group on Financial Markets issued the Report on Protecting United States Investors from Significant Risks from Chinese Companies to the then President of the United States, or the PWG Report. The PWG Report contained recommendations to address the lack of PCAOB inspection access. Some of these recommendations were implemented in the HFCA Act. However, some of the recommendations were more stringent than the HFCA Act. For example, the PWG report recommended that the transition period before a company would be delisted would end on January 1, 2022.
Whether the PCAOB will be able to conduct inspections of our auditors in the next three years, or at all, is subject to substantial uncertainty and depends on a number of factors out of our control. If we are unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement in time, we could be subject to additional submission and disclosure requirements, delisted from the NYSE and our ordinary shares and warrants will not be permitted for trading “over-the-counter” either. If our securities are unable to be listed on another securities exchange by then, such a delisting would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase our securities when you wish to do so, and the ongoing risk and uncertainty associated with delisting would have a negative impact on the price of our securities. Also, such a delisting would significantly affect our ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all, which would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and prospects.
Restrictions on the direct production of audit work papers to foreign regulators could result in our financial statements being determined to not be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act.
In late 2012, the SEC commenced administrative proceedings under Rule 102(e) of its Rules of Practice and also under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 against the mainland Chinese affiliates of the “big four” accounting firms, including the affiliate of our auditor. The Rule 102(e) proceedings initiated by the SEC related to the failure of these firms to produce documents, including audit work papers, in response to the request of the SEC pursuant to Section 106 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as the auditors located in China are not in a position lawfully to produce documents directly to the SEC because of restrictions under Chinese law and specific directives issued by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”). The issues raised by the proceedings are not specific to the Chinese affiliate of our auditor or to us, but potentially affect equally all PCAOB-registered audit firms based in China and all businesses based in China (or with substantial operations in China) with securities listed in the United States. In addition, auditors based outside of China are subject to similar restrictions under Chinese law and CSRC directives in respect of audit work that is carried out in China that supports the audit opinions issued on financial statements of entities with substantial China operations.
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In February 2015, each of the “big four” accounting firms in China agreed to a censure and to pay a fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stayed the current proceeding for four years, during which time the firms were required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC. If a firm did not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against the non-compliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms. In addition, the limitations imposed by China on the production of work papers reflecting audit work performed in China could likewise result in the imposition of penalties on Healthy Harmony’s independent registered public accounting firm by the PCAOB or the SEC, such as suspensions of such audit firm’s ability to practice before the SEC. Under the terms of the settlement, the underlying proceeding against the “big four” accounting firms in China was deemed dismissed with prejudice four years after entry of the settlement. The fourth anniversary of the settlement was on February 6, 2019. We cannot predict if the SEC will further challenge the four firms as to their compliance with U.S. law in connection with U.S. regulatory requests for audit work papers, or if the results of the challenge would result in the SEC imposing penalties, such as suspensions. The audit committee is aware of the policy restriction and regularly communicated with our independent auditor to ensure compliance. If any additional remedial measures are imposed on the Chinese affiliates of the “big four” accounting firms, including Ernst & Young Hua Ming LLP, we could be unable to timely file future financial statements in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act.
In the event that the SEC restarts the administrative proceedings, depending upon the final outcome, listed companies in the United States with major PRC operations may find it difficult or impossible to retain auditors in respect of their operations in the PRC, which could result in their financial statements being determined to be not in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, including possible delisting. Moreover, any negative news about any such future proceedings against these audit firms may cause investor uncertainty regarding China-based, U.S.-listed companies, and the market price of our ordinary shares may be adversely affected.
If our independent registered public accounting firm, or the affiliate of our independent registered public accounting firm, were denied, even temporarily, the ability to practice before the SEC, we would need to consider alternate support arrangements for the audit of our operations in China. If our auditor, or an affiliate of that firm, were unable to address issues related to the production of documents, and we were unable to timely find another independent registered public accounting firm to audit and issue an opinion on its financial statements, its financial statements could be determined to not be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act. A determination of this type could ultimately lead to delisting of our ordinary shares from the NYSE or deregistration from the SEC, or both. This would materially and adversely affect the market price of our ordinary shares and substantially reduce or effectively terminate the trading of our ordinary shares in the United States.
Our use of leased properties could be challenged by third parties or government authorities, which may cause interruptions to our business operations.
All of our properties are leased. Certain of these leases do not meet various land and property-related legal requirements. For example, certain of our lessors have not provided us with required documentation including: ownership certificates or other documentation proving their right to lease the property to us and evidence that they acquired the appropriate government approval and followed the required registration process needed to lease the property to us. If our lessors do not have the right to lease the properties to us or they fail to receive required permits or follow the required registration procedures with the relevant government authorities, our leases could be invalidated. If this occurs, we may be required to renegotiate our leases with the proper parties, the terms of which may be less favorable to us, or relocate our facilities entirely. In addition, failure to register may expose us to potential fines if we fail to remediate after receiving notice from the relevant Chinese government authorities. Also, the operation of our hospitals and clinics under certain of our leases may be challenged by the relevant Chinese authorities because the location of those leases does not permit such operation due to zoning restrictions.
We cannot assure you that third parties or government agencies may not challenge our use of the leased properties. The consequences of any of the above may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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It may be difficult for overseas regulators to conduct investigation or collect evidence within China.
Shareholder claims or regulatory investigation that are common in the United States generally are difficult to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in China. For example, in China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to providing information needed for regulatory investigations or litigation initiated outside China. Although the authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, such cooperation with the securities regulatory authorities in the Unities States may not be efficient in the absence of mutual and practical cooperation mechanism. Furthermore, according to Article 177 of China’s Securities Law, or Article 177, which became effective in March 2020, no overseas securities regulator is allowed to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within China. While detailed interpretation of or implementation rules under Article 177 have yet to be promulgated, the inability for an overseas securities regulator to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within China may further increase difficulties faced by you in protecting your interests. See also “—Risks Relating to Status as a Foreign Private Issuer – U.S. investors may be unable to enforce certain judgments against us because we are incorporated and perform substantially all of our business outside of the U.S.” for risks associated with investing in us as a Cayman Islands company.
On January 9, 2021, the MOFCOM promulgated the Rules on Counteracting Unjustified Extra-Territorial Application of Foreign Legislation and Other Measures, or the MOFCOM Order No. 1 of 2021. Pursuant to the MOFCOM Order No. 1 of 2021, where a citizen, legal person or other organization of China is prohibited or restricted by foreign legislation and other measures from engaging in normal economic, trade and related activities with a third State (or region) or its citizens, legal persons or other organizations, he/she/it shall truthfully report such matters to the competent department of commerce of the State Council within 30 days. A working committee will take the following factors into consideration when assessing whether there exists unjustified extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures: (i) whether international law or the basic principles of international relations are violated; (ii) potential impact on China’s national sovereignty, security and development interests; (iii) potential impact on the legitimate rights and interests of the citizens, legal persons or other organizations of China; and (iv) any other relevant factors. In case it is confirmed that there exists unjustified extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures, the MOFCOM may issue an injunction against such relevant foreign legislation and other measures. A citizen, legal person or other organization in China may apply for exemption from compliance with an injunction.
Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure
If the Chinese government finds that the agreements we entered into to establish the structure for any portion of our operations in China do not comply with its restrictions on foreign investment in healthcare businesses, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish a portion of our economic benefits in the assets and operations of our affiliated Chinese entities.
We are a Cayman Islands company and as such we are classified as a foreign enterprise under Chinese laws. Various laws, regulations and rules in China restrict foreign ownership in, and restrict foreign invested enterprises from holding, certain licenses required to operate healthcare-related businesses. Specifically, under the Special Administrative Measures for Market Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2020 Version), medical institutions are currently on the “negative list” for foreign investment. As such, foreign investors are not allowed to own more than a 70% equity interest in newly invested institutions pursuant to the Interim Measures for Administration of China-Foreign Joint Venture and Cooperative Medical Institutions (the “Interim Measures”), which took effect in July 2000. In addition, the Interim Measures also set forth certain qualification requirements for foreign investors, such as requiring that such investors possess investment and operational experience in the medical sector. To comply with such restrictions, we have organized the remaining 30% of certain of our subsidiaries through a series of contractual arrangements as variable interest entities (the “Relevant Entities”). As a result of these contractual arrangements, we are able to control 100% of such entities (including the 30% held by the nominee shareholder(s)) and receive all of the economic benefits from the operations of these entities.
It is uncertain whether any new Chinese laws, rules or regulations relating to variable interest entity structures will be adopted or if adopted, what they would provide, including whether and how the Foreign Investment Law promulgated in March 2019 might impact the viability of this corporate structure. See “— Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — Changes in the Foreign Investment Law and regulatory regime could have an impact on the transactions and the operation of our business.” above.
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If we or any of our Chinese subsidiaries or affiliated Chinese entities, or their respective subsidiaries, are found to be in violation of any existing or future Chinese laws, rules or regulations or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant regulatory authorities would have broad discretion in dealing with such violations, including:
| · | revoking the business licenses or operating licenses of our Chinese subsidiaries or affiliated Chinese entities and their respective subsidiaries; |
| · | discontinuing or restricting our operations in China, including shutting down or blocking our website or discontinuing or placing restrictions or onerous conditions on our operations; |
| · | restricting our ability to collect revenues or confiscating our income or the income of our Chinese subsidiaries or affiliated Chinese entities; |
| · | requiring us to undergo a costly and disruptive restructuring such as forcing us to transfer our equity interests in our Chinese subsidiaries to a domestic entity or invalidating the agreements that our Chinese subsidiaries expect to enter into with our affiliated Chinese entities and their respective shareholders; |
| · | requiring us to establish a new enterprise, re-applying for required licenses or relocating our businesses, staff and assets; |
| · | imposing additional conditions or requirements with which we may not be able to comply; |
| · | restricting our right to collect revenues or limiting our business and operations in China; and |
| · | taking other regulatory or enforcement actions, including levying fines, that could be harmful to our business. |
The imposition of any of these penalties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business and our results of operations.
We rely on certain contractual arrangements for a portion of our operations in China, which may not be as effective in providing operational control as direct ownership.
We rely on contractual arrangements with the Relevant Entities, their respective subsidiaries and their respective shareholders to operate a portion of our business in China. Although these contractual arrangements provide us with 100% control over the Relevant Entities and their subsidiaries (including the 30% held by the nominee shareholder(s)) the contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with 100% control over our variable interest entities as direct ownership. For example, the Relevant Entities or their shareholders may breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, taking actions that are detrimental to our interests. From a legal perspective, if our variable interest entities, any of their subsidiaries or their shareholders fail to perform its respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and spend other resources to enforce such arrangements, and be forced to rely on legal remedies under Chinese law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief and claiming damages. If this were to happen, it could be time consuming and costly.
These contractual arrangements are governed by Chinese law and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in China or through Chinese courts. The legal environment in China is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. In addition, the Chinese regulatory environment presents inherent uncertainties. See “— Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — The Chinese legal system may not provide us with adequate protections” As a result, our rights under the contractual arrangements could not be honored and our ability to enforce these contracts under the contractual arrangements could be limited. If we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, or if we suffer significant delay or other obstacles in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, our business and operations could be severely disrupted, which could damage our reputation and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
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Shareholders of the Relevant Entities may have a potential conflict of interest with us, and they may breach their contracts with us in a manner contrary to the interest of our company.
Each of the Relevant Entities is partially owned by certain of our employees who were designated by us. Accordingly, conflict may arise between these nominee shareholders’ fiduciary duties as director or supervisor of the Relevant Entities and us.
When conflicts of interest arise, these individuals may not act in the best interests of our company and conflicts of interest may not be resolved in our favor. In addition, these individuals may breach or cause either of the Relevant Entities to breach the contractual arrangements that will allow us to control 100% of such entities and their respective subsidiaries (including the 30% held by the nominee shareholder(s)) and receive economic benefits from them. We do not expect to enter into arrangements to address such potential conflicts of interest between these individuals and us. If we cannot resolve any conflicts of interest or disputes between us and the shareholders of either of the Relevant Entities, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in disruption of our business, and there would be substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.
The contractual arrangements with either of the Relevant Entities may be reviewed by the Chinese tax authorities for transfer pricing adjustments, which could increase our overall tax liability.
The Chinese Enterprise Income Tax Law, effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on December 24, 2017, or the EIT Law, requires every enterprise in China to submit its annual enterprise income tax return together with a report on transactions with its related parties to the relevant tax authorities. The Chinese tax authorities may impose reasonable adjustments on taxation if they have identified any related-party transactions that are inconsistent with arm’s-length principles. The Relevant Entities could face material adverse tax consequences if the Chinese tax authorities determined that certain related party transactions to be entered into between them and UFH (WFOE) were not entered into based on arm’s-length negotiations and therefore constitute a favorable transfer pricing arrangement. If the Chinese tax authorities were to determine that these contracts were not entered into on an arm’s-length basis, they could request that the Relevant Entities adjust their taxable income upward for Chinese tax purposes. Such a pricing adjustment could adversely affect us by increasing the Relevant Entities’ tax expenses without reducing UFH (WFOE)’s tax expenses, and could subject the Relevant Entities to late payment fees and other penalties for underpayment of taxes. As a result, our consolidated net income may be adversely affected.
We may lose the ability to use and benefit from a small portion of assets held by our variable interest entities if either of our variable interest entities goes bankrupt or becomes subject to dissolution or liquidation proceeding.
As part of our contractual arrangements with our variable interest entities, these entities hold a small portion of our assets, and may in the future hold additional assets. If either of our variable interest entities goes bankrupt and all or part of their assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, we may be unable to continue some of our business activities, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. If either of our variable interest entities undergoes voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, unrelated third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of these assets, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Relating to Status as a Foreign Private Issuer
We are a foreign private issuer and are subject to different U.S. securities laws and regulations and corporate governance requirements than a domestic U.S. issuer.
We are a “foreign private issuer” under applicable U.S. federal securities laws. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from certain rules under the Exchange Act that would otherwise apply if we were a company incorporated in the United States, including:
| · | the requirement to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies with securities registered under the Exchange Act; |
| · | the requirement to file financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP; |
| · | the proxy rules, which impose certain disclosure and procedural requirements for proxy solicitations; and |
| · | the requirement to comply with Regulation FD, which imposes certain restrictions on the selective disclosure of material information. |
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In addition, our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Therefore, our shareholders may receive less information about us than shareholders received about NFC prior to the business combination and may be afforded less protection under the U.S. federal securities laws than they previously had.
In addition, as a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to follow certain corporate governance rules that conform to our home country requirements in lieu of many of the NYSE corporate governance rules. Section 303A.00 of the NYSE listing rules (the “Listing Rules”) provides that a foreign private issuer, such as us, may follow home country corporate governance practices in lieu of certain of the rules in Section 303A of the Listing Rules, including requirements with respect to board independence and the composition and responsibilities of certain board committees and a code of business conduct and ethics, provided that we nevertheless have an audit committee that satisfies the requirements of Sections 303A.06, comply with the disclosure requirements of Section 303A.11 and make the certifications required by Sections 303A.12(b) and (c) of the Listing Rules. Accordingly, our current shareholders may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE.
We may be subject to additional reporting requirements if we lose our status as a foreign private issuer.
If we lose our status as a foreign private issuer at some future time, then we will no longer be exempt from such rules and, among other things, will be required to file periodic reports and financial statements as if we were a company incorporated in the United States. The costs incurred in fulfilling these additional regulatory requirements could be substantial.
U.S. investors may be unable to enforce certain judgments against us because we are incorporated and perform substantially all of our business outside of the U.S.
We are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and do substantially all of our business in China. Some of our directors and executive officers are residents of China and a significant portion of our assets are located outside the United States. As a result, we may be difficult to effect service within the United States upon us or upon some of our directors and executive officers. Execution by U.S. courts of any judgment obtained against us or any of our directors or executive officers in U.S. courts may be limited to assets located in the United States. It may also be difficult for holders of securities who reside in the United States to realize in the United States upon judgments of U.S. courts predicated upon civil liability of us and our directors and executive officers under the U.S. federal securities laws. There may be doubt as to the enforceability in the Cayman Islands and/or China against non-U.S. entities or their controlling persons, directors and executive officers who are not residents of the United States, in original actions or in actions for enforcement of judgments of U.S. courts, of liabilities predicated solely upon U.S. federal or state securities laws.
| Item 4 | INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY |
A. History and Development of the Company
General
We were originally incorporated on March 28, 2018 as a Cayman Islands exempted company for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. On December 18, 2019, we consummated the acquisition of UFH and related transactions. As a result of the business combination, we became the holding company of UFH and we changed our name from “New Frontier Corporation” to “New Frontier Health Corporation.” Our principal executive offices are located at 10 Jiuxianqiao Road, Hengtong Business Park, B7 Building, 1/F, Chaoyang District, 100015, Beijing, China. Our telephone number at that address is 86-10-59277000. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Edward Truitt, Maples Fiduciary Services (Delaware) Inc., 4001 Kennett Pike, Suite 302, Wilmington, Delaware 19807. For details relating to the Business Combination, see “Introductory Note.”
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UFH is a leading internationally accredited healthcare provider committed to providing comprehensive and integrated healthcare services in urban centers in China, and is one of the only comprehensive hospital and clinic operators in the country with a nationwide network. UFH’s patient base includes China’s rapidly growing upper middle class and expatriate communities. Our management believes UFH was the first foreign-invested expert medical hospital organization in China when it opened its first hospital in Beijing, Beijing United Family Hospital (“BJU”), in 1997. In addition, our management believes that BJU was one of the first such facilities approved by the Chinese government as a private enterprise to improve the availability of healthcare services in Beijing and was considered a testing ground for a new private healthcare regulatory regime overseen by the Ministry of Health (“MoH”) in an effort to make China a more attractive place for foreign investment and expatriate employees. Since the opening of BJU, UFH has expanded into several other Chinese markets including Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin, and Qingdao as described below, and its patient base has expanded from predominantly expatriate to an increasingly local Chinese population.
Since the 1980s and 1990s, the Chinese government has instituted policies to reform the healthcare services industry to meet the growing needs of the Chinese population. While the Chinese public healthcare market, which is closely controlled by the government and consists primarily of government run and operated hospitals and clinics, and remains the largest provider of healthcare in the country, recent policies have emphasized the importance of developing reform friendly to the establishment of private medical facilities to cater to the varying needs of the population, particularly the increasingly affluent members of society and international community, beyond the basic care offered by the government. For instance, in 2008, the Chinese government announced a broad-based plan for reform of its healthcare system, including increasing investment in the industry through a three-year, $120 billion stimulus program and developing health insurance products for the Chinese population. These reform and investment programs remain a high priority for the Chinese government and our management believes such programs provide an advantageous environment for the development of the UFH network in the near future.
Our Chief Executive Officer is Roberta Lipson, UFH’s founder and one of the most recognized healthcare executives in China with over 35 years of experience in the Chinese medical industry. She is supported by a broad and diverse team of experienced senior executives, managers, and clinical leaders.
History
UFH began as the healthcare services subsidiary of Chindex International, Inc. (“Chindex”), a China-based medical devices trading firm founded in 1981 by Roberta Lipson and Elyse Beth Silverberg, that was listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market from 1994 until 2014, when the Chindex brand was licensed to and the medical devices trading business was sold to the Chindex Medical Limited (“CML”) a subsidiary of Fosun Pharma. Following the opening of its first hospital in 1997, UFH expanded its facilities in Beijing to include a group of community outpatient clinics throughout the city. In 2004, UFH opened its second hospital in the Puxi district of Shanghai, making UFH, to its management’s knowledge, the only foreign-invested, multi-facility hospital network in China at the time. In 2008, UFH expanded its network by opening an outpatient clinic in the southern China city of Guangzhou, and in 2010, further expanded by adding two additional clinics in Beijing. UFH again expanded in 2011, by opening a hospital facility in Tianjin, a city southeast of Beijing and also opened a new dental and primary care clinic in the Puxi district of Shanghai. In 2012, UFH continued the expansion of its main hospital campus in Beijing to include a new in-patient building including four new state-of-the-art operating theaters equipped for cardiac, neurosurgical and orthopedic services, and increased the total number of licensed beds in that facility from 50 to 120.
In 2013, UFH opened the United Family Rehabilitation Hospital in Beijing, a 101 licensed bed facility in east Beijing. In 2014, UFH opened a clinic in the western Financial Street district of Beijing. UFH continued its expansion in 2015, by opening two additional clinics in the Wudaokou and Shuangjing areas to the northwest and southeast of Beijing, respectively, as well as opening a 100 licensed bed hospital in the eastern coastal city of Qingdao, which offers general services.
In 2018, UFH opened two new hospitals, one in Shanghai’s Pudong district named Shanghai Xincheng United Family Hospital (“PDU”) with 100 licensed beds, and its first hospital in the southern city of Guangzhou. Guangzhou United Family Hospital (“GZU”) is currently the largest facility in the network in terms of size at 70,000 square meters, with 105 licensed beds and capacity to expand to 160 beds in the future. Also in 2018, UFH opened an international medical center for vaccinations and cancer care in Bo’ao, in Hainan province, setting a record for UFH expansion in one year. Each of UFH’s facilities are managed from UFH’s central offices in Beijing through a corporate department that centralizes administrative work for the UFH network, which enables cost and clinical efficiencies, as well as creates and implements consistent standards and patient experience.
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In 2019, UFH relocated its Puxi hospital to a new location, more than doubling capacity and allowing a broader service mix, including ophthalmology, TCM, and rehabilitation. The new facility is approximately three times larger in size and boasts new, advanced equipment, such as a 3.0T MRI machine and hybrid operating theaters, which are expected to contribute further to its revenue growth. UFH also expanded into several outpatient clinics located within international schools.
In 2020, UFH started the main construction of Beijing Jingbei United Family Women’s and Children’s Hospital (“DTU”) in the north-central region of Beijing, a 200-licensed bed, approximately 22,200 square meter facility specialized in OB/GYN, pediatric, PPR, reproductive and other specialties. The facility was completed in March 2021 and operations are expected to commence in second quarter of 2021. UFH also acquired a 100% equity interest in Shanghai Precision Clinic Co., Ltd. (“Precision Clinic”) from an affiliate of New Frontier Group Ltd. and an unrelated party. This new facility is an outpatient primary care clinic of 1,050 square meters in Shanghai Xintiandi area, which had been renovated in mid-2019, with 12 patient consultation rooms, one treatment room, and one multi-purpose room. We expect that this acquisition will enable us to expand our outpatient clinic network to the center of Shanghai to better serve the community by providing more convenient locations and act as a feeder network to the Shanghai hospital facilities. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, UFH continued to focus on ramp-up of new PXU, PDU and GZU, which Guangzhou clinic was integrated with GZU’s operation. Kangqiao clinic in Pudong District of Shanghai being constructed in 2019 and Hangzhou clinic were suspended due to market reorganization or expiration of the lease. UFH also completed the disposal of 80% equity interest in Beijing Youhujia Healthcare Management Co. Ltd. (“YHJ”) to one affiliate of New Frontier Group in April, 2020. YHJ will continue to support UFH’s postpartum rehabilitation business in the provision of postpartum nursing services while UFH will continue to provide YHJ with nursing training to help enhance service quality.
Proposed Going Private Transaction
On February 9, 2021, our board of directors received a preliminary non-binding proposal letter (the “Proposal Letter”) from New Frontier Public Holding Ltd. (“NFPH”), Carnival Investments Limited, a company affiliated with Leung Kam Chung (the “Chairman”), Roberta Lipson and her affiliates (collectively, the “CEO”), Max Rising International Limited, a company affiliated with Carl Wu (the “President”), Ying Zeng (the “COO”), Vivo Capital Fund IX (Cayman), L.P.(“Vivo”), NF SPAC Holding Limited and Sun Hing Associates Limited (together with NF SPAC Holding Limited, “Nan Fung”), Brave Peak Limited (“Shimao”), Aspex Master Fund (“Aspex”), Smart Scene Investment Limited (“Hysan”), and LY Holding Co., Limited (“Tingyi Group” and, together with NFPH Holding, the Chairman, the CEO, the President, the COO, Vivo, Nan Fung, Shimao, Aspex and Hysan, the “Buyer Group”) to acquire all outstanding ordinary shares (the “Shares”) of the Company not already beneficially owned by members of the Buyer Group or their affiliates in a going-private transaction for US$12.00 per share in cash in a going private transaction. Our board of directors subsequently received a clarification from representatives of the Buyer Group indicating that, the Buyer Group intends to also propose to acquire all of our outstanding warrants not already beneficially owned by members of the Buyer Group or their affiliates. As the date of this Annual Report, our board of directors has not received from the Buyer Group a proposal to acquire the warrants, nor any indication of the terms and conditions of any such proposal.
Our board of directors has formed a special committee consisting of three independent directors, Dr. Edward Leong Che-hung, Professor Frederick Ma Si-hang and Mr. Lawrence Chia, to consider the going private transaction. As of the date of this Annual Report, the special committee is still in the process of evaluating the proposal. No definitive offer has been made, nor has any definitive agreement been executed, with respect to the proposed going private transaction.
There can be no assurance that the proposed going-private transaction will continue to be pursued, approved or consummated. See “Item 3.D. Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Financial Condition — There can be no assurance that any definitive offer will be made with respect to the going private transaction proposed by the Buyer Group, that any agreement will be executed or that this or any other transaction will be approved or consummated. Potential uncertainty involving the proposed going private transaction may adversely affect our business and the market price of our ordinary shares and warrants.”
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Capital Expenditures
For a description of UFH’s principal capital expenditures for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 as well as those currently in progress, please see the section entitled “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — B. Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
Services
UFH offers comprehensive, premium quality healthcare services through a network of hospital inpatient departments and integrated outpatient clinics, including satellite feeder clinics. UFH’s facilities include 24/7 emergency rooms, intensive care units, neonatal intensive care units, operating rooms, clinical laboratories, radiology and blood banking services. UFH has established direct billing relationships with most commercial insurers covering care provided in China. Services provided to patients who are not covered by insurance are on a fee-for-service, package or bundled price cash basis. UFH generally transacts business in RMB, with some insurance reimbursements and financing transactions conducted in USD.
UFH’s facilities in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Guangzhou are accredited by Joint Commission International (“JCI”), a U.S.-based nonprofit that accredits medical services around the world with a focus on patient safety. JCI accreditation involves a detailed audit of our standard of care, hospital processes, and certain operational benchmarks, and is periodically updated with new standards and benchmarks, and requires reaccreditation every three years. JCI accreditation is internationally recognized and certifies that a hospital meets and maintains an internationally recognized quality standard that we believe has become a hallmark of the UFH brand. UFH expects that all UFH facilities will be JCI accredited or eligible for such accreditation in our 2021 accreditation cycle. In addition, the pathology department of BJU is certified by the College of American Pathologies (“CAP”), which is considered a worldwide leader in laboratory quality assurance and in 2019, BJU received Good Clinical Practice, or GCP, approval from the China Food and Drug Administration, which allows the hospital to conduct clinical drug trials and further enhanced its reputation as a clinical research institution. As an internationally accredited healthcare network, UFH not only endeavors to provide healthcare services at a level fully compliant with, if not exceeding, such internationally-recognized standards, but also aims to manage its operations according to those standards, including those related to transparency, infection control, medical records, medical ethics, patient confidentiality and peer review.
UFH operates its network of hospitals and clinics in a “hub and spoke” model featuring a central hospital with several nearby clinics. Utilizing this model, UFH is able to leverage its extensive network by enabling patients to visit physicians at conveniently located outpatient clinics and, if necessary, they are then referred to one of UFH’s hospitals for more specialized care, and returned to the care of the primary care provider when appropriate. This integrated network enables patients to receive a full range of healthcare services without the need to find a new doctor or move patient records from one facility to another, and allows UFH to care for more patients. As such, our management believes this model results in several benefits and competitive advantages including increasing patient loyalty by providing a wide range of services within a single network, enhancing service quality through cross-departmental training, quality control and referral, and raising barriers to entry to competition by expanding its services and locations. By comparison, other private healthcare facilities in China generally consist of standalone hospitals or clinics.
Furthermore, UFH’s hub and spoke business model enables it to offer a comprehensive healthcare services platform with multiple patient touch points that serve patient needs from birth throughout a patient’s lifetime, also known as a “life-cycle” model. Specifically, UFH intends to initially attract patients through its focus on primary care with its prenatal, OB/GYN and pediatrics practices, and then naturally transition the patient to its family medicine practice and adult and geriatric medical and surgical care, with the intention that these services will become gateways for other higher margin specialties within the UFH network over time. Other specialties that UFH expects to be drivers of current and future business growth as part of the life-cycle model include emergency medicine, ophthalmology, ear nose and throat (“ENT”), dermatology, and other high acuity services including orthopedics and surgery. Differentiated services, including general rehabilitation, postpartum rehabilitation, dental and home health complete the “lifecycle” of coverage provided by UFH. By providing these all-inclusive services, UFH believes it is able to differentiate itself from other private healthcare providers in China who only generally provide either specialized services or primary care, but not both.
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In addition to providing comprehensive services, UFH has also recently partnered with a private insurance provider in China to create an innovative, vertically integrated managed care network that our management expects will reduce the cost of and increase efficiencies relating to providing healthcare in China. By leveraging UFH’s extensive network of facilities and patients, the healthcare delivery platform is expected to provide prevention-focused primary care with ongoing access to primary care doctors and to introduce Chinese patients to western style primary care, enhancing market recognition of the value of preventative care and increasing the perceived value of UFH’s service model. Our management believes that this partnership will position UFH to better understand each patient’s healthcare needs, close healthcare gaps, and enhance patient experience and satisfaction.
Top-Tier Management Team
Ms. Roberta Lipson, our current Chief Executive Officer and one of the founders of UFH, has over 35 years of medical industry experience in China and has become one of the most recognized healthcare executives in the country. Ms. Lipson’s operational and market experience and focus on strategic team-building are the backbone of our company. Ms. Lipson is an expert in many aspects of healthcare in China and has shared this expertise in many forums, including by publishing articles and participating in public thought leadership. Ms. Lipson has received several awards for entrepreneurialism, leadership, and philanthropy over her career, including the 2002 U.S. Department of State’s Award for Corporate Excellence, the 2009 China Great Wall Friendship Award, the 2016 “Person of the Year” award by CaiXin and the 2019 Asper Award for Global Entrepreneurship from Brandeis University. In addition, in 2014, Ms. Lipson was the first recipient of the annual “Pioneer” Award from the American Chamber of Commerce (“AMCHAM”), in 2015, she was named one of the “Top Ten Business Leaders of China” by Sina.com, in 2017, she was named the “Best International Innovator” by Diyi Caijing, and in 2018, she was named the “CEO of the Year” by Healthcare Asia Magazine.
Mr. Walter Xue leads our financial operations of as Chief Financial Officer. He was a member of UFH’s founding team with Ms. Lipson, and since then has played a leading role within the organization. As CFO, Mr. Xue has oversight on financial, legal and operational corporate structuring; strategic operational and financial analysis and projections; capital raising, management, and strategic investment; business planning and expansion strategy; tax and financial regulatory compliance; and control functions. As Senior Vice President of Chindex when it was a U.S.-listed public company, Mr. Xue was involved in public reporting and oversaw its financial operations.
Mr. Carl Wu, our President and Chairman of the Executive Committee oversees our day to day operations. Mr. Wu is the co-founder and CEO of New Frontier Group. Mr. Wu is an experienced healthcare entrepreneur and operator. He is the Co-founder and Executive Chairman of YD Care, Heal Oncology, Boxful Technology, and HelloToby Technology. Carl is also the Chairman of Care Alliance Health Group and NF GBA Health Group. Prior to founding New Frontier Group, Mr. Wu was a Managing Director at Blackstone and executed some of Blackstone’s most important investments in China. He was a founding member of Blackstone Asia and was instrumental in establishing Blackstone’s business across China.
Mr. David Zeng leads our business operations as Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Zeng is a Managing Director at New Frontier Group, primarily responsible for leading its investment efforts and the operations of portfolio companies. Mr. Zeng is also a current member of the board of directors of Care Alliance Health Group and NF GBA Health Group. Prior to joining New Frontier Group, Mr. Zeng was previously a member of Blackstone Group's Private Equity team in Hong Kong, where he led the execution of Blackstone’s key transactions in China. Mr. Zeng was also actively involved in the operations of Blackstone portfolio companies. He was most recently the interim CFO and Executive Director of Shya Hsin Packaging, where he led a number of key operational initiatives.
Dr. Alastair Pu Yan Mah, our Vice President of Medical Affairs, leads the Company’s medical team and is responsible for maintaining our safety and quality standards, medical education and clinical research. Dr, Mah has extensive experience in both public and private healthcare in Hong Kong and Australia. Recently Dr. Mah served as a Patient Safety and Risk Officer for the Hong Kong Health Authority. Prior to that, Dr. Mah served as Chief Medical Officer, group Chief Medical Officer and in various other executive positions for private and public healthcare organizations in Australia.
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In addition, each hospital within the UFH network is run by a general manager who oversees the day-to-day operations, each of whom has extensive experience in the medical industry. Our overall operations are supported by our corporate team, which is based in Beijing.
Marketing and Branding
Our management believes that the United Family Healthcare brand is recognized across China as a symbol of quality and safety. In 2015, UFH was declared the “Most Investment Worthy” Healthcare Company by The Economic Observer, and in 2016 the China Business Journal recognized UFH as the “Most Trusted Private Healthcare Providers” in China, as ranked by both patients and physicians. In addition, in 2018, UFH was registered as a “Well-Known Trademark” by the Trademark Review and Adjudication Board of China’s State Administration for Market Regulation, an official designation given to trademarks that are widely known by the relevant public in the country. This coveted designation provides companies with an extra layer of legal protection for their brands. According to surveys performed by Ding Xiang Yuan, the largest online networking community for health care professionals in China, UFH was recognized as “The Best Employer” among all private healthcare providers by physicians in 2018. Furthermore, according to surveys performed by Ailibi, a Guangzhou-based consulting and market research firm, UFH ranked among the top private brands by the general public in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou in 2018. In addition, the UFH brand was top-ranked first by online healthcare portal DXY.com.
UFH’s main channels for acquiring patients vary, and depend on the service and the targeted patient population. These channels include walk-ins and patient tours, vouchers and coupons, print and digital advertising, direct business-to-business corporate sales, social media outreach through popular platforms such as Wechat, Dianping, Twitter, Facebook, and Chinese e-commerce platforms, including JD.com, T-mall store and the WeChat store, third-party sales contracting, professional partnerships with other organizations and UFH’s charity and community outreach efforts. UFH is committed to serving the communities in which it operates by providing such communities with health and wellness education solutions, first aid and CPR training, stress management and pollution risk assessment.
All marketing and sales channels, as well as UFH brand management and policy, are managed by UFH’s corporate office.
Seasonality
UFH’s business is generally seasonal, with variation in the type of services typically requested at different times of the year. As a group, patient volume and revenue is typically largest during the first, second and fourth quarters of the fiscal year and lowest during the third quarter and on national holidays, when most people are on vacation. This is especially the case for family-oriented services, such as family medicine and pediatrics. Patient volume for these services generally tracks the school year, meaning that UFH facilities are often busiest during the September to June school year and less busy when families take their summer vacations during the third quarter. In addition, there are often variations in demand year to year for obstetrics services depending on the relative attractiveness of any particular Chinese zodiac calendar year. In contrast, there is less pronounced seasonality for more acute services, such as surgery, however, there may also be a decrease in volume of elective surgeries performed during the summer months to the extent the surgeons take a summer holiday. Similarly, service volume also decreases during major Chinese national holidays, such as the Spring Festival which occurs from late January to early March, and China’s National Day, which generally occurs during the first week of October.
National Footprint
Mainland China’s cities are categorized by government policy and general convention into different tiers, with “tier one” cities being the large modernized cities of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, “tier two” cities being those cities that are smaller or less international than the tier one cities, but are still major regional capitals or commercial hubs, and “tier three” cities being even smaller without broader influence.
UFH has a nationwide geographic footprint, covering all four tier one cities, as well as pilot facilities in the tier two cities of Tianjin and Qingdao. UFH’s operations can be generally divided into three regions: northern China, eastern China and southern China. Our management believes that having facilities in each of the tier one cities increases the exposure of UFH’s brand and thereby increases its value.
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UFH’s northern China operations consist of five hospitals and nine clinics: two hospitals and nine clinics in Beijing, one hospital in Tianjin, which is considered part of the greater Beijing area and one hospital in Qingdao. One additional hospital is under development in Beijing and is expected to start operations by 2020.
UFH’s eastern China operations consist of two hospitals and three clinics: two hospitals and three clinics in Shanghai, which cover the main affluent districts of western and eastern Puxi and Pudong districts. UFH intends to further expand in the eastern region, primarily in the affluent Yangtze river delta.
UFH’s southern China operations consist of two hospitals and one clinics: one clinic in Hainan and one hospital in Guangzhou, as well as a hospital in Shenzhen, which is currently under development. Guangzhou United Family Hospital began operations in late 2018, becoming UFH’s largest hospital by building area and bed count. In addition, UFH’s expansion into Shenzhen is expected to be completed through a management contract with NFG as part of the business combination, pursuant to which UFH will be given the exclusive right to manage the new 64,000 square meter general services hospital being built by NFG in the Shenzhen city center, which is expected to open in the beginning of third quarter of 2021.
Medical Talent Attraction and Retention
UFH believes that compensation, brand quality, corporate culture and career opportunities are the key factors for attracting physicians. In terms of compensation, UFH believes it offers a competitive salary package, which in its management’s estimation, is significantly higher on a pre-tax basis for a chief physician than that earned at public hospitals. In addition to providing competitive compensation packages, other factors which our management believes make UFH a more attractive place to work than public hospitals include a more predictable working environment, provision of ongoing continuing medical education, the prestige of working in an internationally accredited facility, as well as the opportunity to participate in innovative quality and safety programs. Specifically, UFH has developed cutting-edge innovative training, teaching, and continuing medical education (“CME”) programs for its medical, nursing and administrative staff. Our management believes that an innovative and well-supported working environment contributes to better medical and service quality for patients, and also enables UFH to recruit and retain top physicians. As a result of these initiatives, turnover rates for physicians at UFH’s main facilities in 2020 ranged from approximately 3.5% to 14.8%, which UFH believes is lower than the industry average for private hospitals in China, and enhances patient loyalty through building longer term patient-physician relationships. As of December 31, 2020, UFH had a team of over 470 physicians from both China and other countries.
Leveraging its strong medical network, UFH often partners with other well-known hospitals in tier one cities, including Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Anzhen Hospital and Peking University Third Hospital in Beijing, as well as Ruijin Hospital and Jiaotong University in Shanghai, to expand the number of advanced services it is able to offer and to develop new and innovative research projects and medical education curriculums. These partnerships are designed to enhance and expand the reach and raise awareness of the UFH brand, provide recruiting opportunities, and increase the quality of patient care and service.
Specialty Focus
UFH intends to increase its focus on providing certain high margin medical specialties, including OB/GYN, pediatrics, family medicine, orthopedics, cancer care, surgery, rehabilitation and in-vitro fertilization (“IVF”). To complement these services UFH also intends to maintain a comprehensive offering of other services at its main hospitals.
UFH also intends to establish new integrated clinical centers of excellence providing advanced inpatient and outpatient services, for specialties, including oncology, orthopedics, ENT, sleep, gerontology, gynecology and advanced surgery, to create targeted, high-value operational assets that will produce higher returns while generating capital for additional expansions. In addition, UFH also intends to expand its IVF practice, which is currently focused in Tianjin, to other cities.
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While UFH continues to recognize and prioritize a strong foundation in primary care in order to attract, treat and retain its patients, it plans to make further investments in enhancing and expanding its specialty service offerings to ensure it is able to meet patient medical needs over their entire life. Specifically, UFH is focused on enhancing its cancer treatment facilities throughout its network. At its New Hope Oncology Center in Beijing, UFH has developed a comprehensive, integrated approach to cancer treatment, bringing together diagnostic, radiation oncology, outpatient chemotherapy, surgical, mental health, rehabilitation, internal medicine, palliative care, pathology, and imaging services in one place. In addition, as a result of its location within the Hainan Bo’ao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Zone, UFH has been able to attract patients from across China to its International Vaccine and Cancer Treatment Center in Bo’ao as a result of its ability to provide certain vaccinations, advanced cancer medications and treatments that are not available in other parts of China. Additional full service cancer specialty centers are also planned for Qingdao and Guangzhou and are planned to be in operation in the next 12-18 months.
In addition, UFH is planning to expand and renew its focus on orthopedic medicine and rehabilitation treatment options. BJU and PXU, which are the leading providers of orthopedic treatments in the UFH network, plan to continue to invest in enhancing their orthopedic surgery practices, which currently include expanded services in sports medicine and trauma. To do this, BJU and PXU intend to continue to hire additional talent and create innovative treatments using new technologies, such as robotic joint replacements. With this renewed focus, BJU and PXU expect to continue to be a leading private providers of orthopedic surgery in China. In addition, UFH believes that its ability to provide more comprehensive orthopedic treatments are further enhanced by the synergies created with its United Family Rehabilitation Hospital (also in Beijing), which specializes in orthopedic rehabilitation, as well as neurological and cardiac rehabilitation. The United Family Rehabilitation Hospital uses hydrotherapy and hyperbaric therapy in addition to traditional rehabilitation techniques, which our management understands is a key differentiator between UFH’s facility and other Chinese rehabilitation hospitals and clinics.
Technology
UFH has licenses for and deploys market leading technology solutions to support its clinical operations, including healthcare information systems for its medical and laboratory records, imaging, pharmacy management, and clinical decision support. These IT solutions provide strong security and privacy for UFH’s patients and employees, and UFH has strict training and security protocols in place to maintain the privacy of such records and systems. Other technology licenses include those for coding and billing, supply chain and logistics, financial management and accounting, marketing and sales, medical training, risk management, and human resources. UFH has also developed a large suite of customized software solutions to integrate and improve its service platforms, enhancing patient care and satisfaction.
UFH expects to continue to focus on strengthening the quality of its medical treatment through increasing its offering of high-acuity services, such as robotics and advance imaging, to meet the medical needs of its patients. Our management believes UFH was the first private hospital in China to have a da Vinci robotic surgical system and that it currently has one of the only two such robotic systems currently in use in private hospitals in China, and that it has one of the only three robotic-arm assisted orthopedic surgical MAKO machines in China. UFH believes that continued investment in artificial intelligence and mobile technology for data analytics, online consultation, risk underwriting and preventive care will help it deliver better and more personalized services to its patients, thereby enhancing overall patient satisfaction. In addition, these technological initiatives often generate higher margins than traditional care and create higher barriers of entry for competitors. In addition, the technology allows BJU to set itself apart from other hospitals by offering advanced treatment options to its patients. For instance, through its BJU da Vinci Robotic Surgery Center, UFH is able to come up with and provide advanced approaches to urological, gynecological, thoracic and thyroid surgeries.
UFH also intends to enhance patient satisfaction by upgrading its existing internet-based patient services, including online appointment scheduling and online diagnosis, to simplify the consultation process and reduce patients’ average waiting time. In addition, UFH is working to improve the digitalization of its patient data and integrate with hospital’s system so that physicians can better track a patient’s history and health patterns to enhance patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes. Web-based services are also being used for patient education on health awareness and management, and brand promotion via social network platforms.
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Expansion and Strategic Mergers and Acquisition (“M&A”) Opportunities
In evaluating potential expansion projects, our management looks for new markets that have large, affluent populations with limited or no established high-end private healthcare services and growing economies. UFH is already established in each of China’s tier one cities. Our immediate expansion plans include further development of our clinic network in those cities to increase our referral base and the development of the Beijing Women’s and Children’s specialty hospital in the north of Beijing, which we expect to be completed by the end of the year. We believe that our best immediate growth opportunity is in broadening our network and increasing services offered in our existing geographies.
We have also begun to consider future opportunities for further expansion in China’s tier two cities, which in total have an aggregate population of approximately four times the aggregate population of the four tier one cities and are largely underserved by private healthcare networks. Through UFH’s successful expansion in both Tianjin and Qingdao, our management believes it has accumulated useful experience and insight into the appropriate and effective ways of tapping into other tier two markets by leveraging the UFH brand to establish a significant market presence and profit potential.
UFH also looks at opportunities for selective strategic acquisitions of outpatient clinics and services networks and specialty or general hospitals in tier one and tier two cities. UFH would make such acquisitions only if its management believes it would create synergies with its existing facilities, such as optimizing patient referrals, cost savings, and/or resource sharing between its assets. Through acquisitions, UFH also intends to increase and secure its market leading position in key markets and further strengthen its brand name and equity. For example, NFG currently owns a portfolio of three clinics located in the central business districts of Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong. NFH expects to acquire several of these clinics for a combination of cash and equity at a valuation that approximates its cumulative investment cost. NFH’s management believes that the clinics will be highly synergistic to UFH’s current operations due to the clinics’ central location in China’s tier one cities, overlapping patient profile and similar service offerings. In addition, NFH’s management believes that such clinics will provide additional revenue generating opportunities for NFH through patient referrals to the existing hospitals and facilities within UFH’s network in those cities and through the availability of additional clinical services for UFH’s patients at more centrally located facilities. Definitive terms for such transactions have not been finalized. Such transactions will be subject to review and approval by NFH’s board of directors in accordance with applicable rules and regulations and NFH’s policies and procedures for transactions with related parties.
In addition to expanding the number of directly invested or acquired hospitals, UFH is also considering entering into management contracts with certain partners, including NFG or certain of its affiliates, pursuant to which UFH will license its brand name, manage, and operate hospital and clinic facilities on behalf of such partners who make the majority of the investment to build and equip such facilities. The first of these arrangements is UFH’s management of the NFG invested Shenzhen New Frontier United Family Hospital, which is currently under construction. Asset-light projects generally yield both brand and management fees to UFH, with the latter directly correlated to the financial performance of the asset. UFH believes that such asset-light arrangements offer a lower risk, more efficient way to expand into new markets, and that such arrangements have significant upside potential, given that many of these arrangements are expected to provide UFH with a right to acquire and consolidate such managed hospitals in the future. Our management believes that this model will yield positive returns in a shorter amount of time compared to UFH making a direct investment. We also expect to assess and consider additional asset-light projects in the future.
The Investment Environment
Our management believes that macroeconomic and consumer trends and policy reforms will continue to create a favorable investment environment for healthcare services in China that will allow it to successfully execute its strategic growth plan for future development of its network. These trends include:
| · | According to research by Bain & Company, the number of ”high net worth” individuals in China, defined as people with at least RMB 10,000,000 in investable assets, grew eightfold from approximately 180,000 in 2006 to 1,600,000 in 2016, and is expected to continue increasing in the coming years. |
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| · | According to a survey performed by Ernst & Young LLP (“EY”) in 2016, a majority of affluent members of Chinese society consider themselves under-served by the Chinese public healthcare system. |
| · | Healthcare expenditure as a percentage of GDP is expected to increase significantly over the next decades, especially as China’s population continues to age. |
| · | By 2050, 25% of the population is expected to be 65 and over and 50% will be 45 and older. |
| · | Despite providing universal healthcare coverage to the Chinese population for their basic healthcare needs, the healthcare reimbursement typically only covers a portion of healthcare expenditure. This reimbursement rate varies depending on which healthcare services are measured, but covers a range of about 40%-70% of the cost of services, with the amount covered increasing in recent years. This remaining gap paves the way for future private health insurance products in China, which are expected to facilitate broader access to premium care by reducing out of pocket expenses for Chinese citizens. |
| · | The COVID-19 outbreak continues to impact the Chinese investment environment. While there continues to be uncertainty regarding the local and global health and economic impacts, there have been some statements by the Chinese Government which can be interpreted to be encouraging healthcare capacity development and foreign investment. |
Public Healthcare Policy Regulation and Reforms
The Chinese government continues to regulate and reform the Chinese private medical industry. Reform policies announced by the Chinese government have emphasized the importance of the development of private medical facilities that can cater to the varying needs of different strata of Chinese society beyond the basic care offered by the government. Implementing these reforms, targets, and associated investment programs remain a high priority for the Chinese government and our management believes such initiatives provide an advantageous environment for the development of UFH’s network. Like foreign investment in other Chinese industries, foreign investment in a health care project is subject to complicated regulations. These regulations include, but are not limited to, laws related to industry access review, foreign investment review and approval, antitrust review, national security review, tax and foreign exchange regulation or supervision of the sale of state-owned assets, each of which depends on the specific conditions of the deal structure and the nature of the specific target businesses or joint venture partners.
The principal government agencies responsible for reviewing and approving a health care foreign investment project may include the National Health Commission (“NHC”), Ministry of Commerce (“MOFCOM”), Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the State Administrations of Market Regulation, State Administration of Foreign Exchange and Bureaus of Taxation, the State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and the China Securities Regulatory Commission. It is ordinarily difficult for a foreign or even domestic investor in China to navigate the bureaucracy necessary to obtain required approvals, due to the ambiguities of law and the potentially contradictory views and practices of different government agencies, which result from a combination of fast-changing, and often unclear laws and regulations and a lack of unified and detailed implementation rules. Furthermore, in practice, the relevant governmental authorities, including NHC and MOFCOM, can be reluctant to approve direct equity acquisitions of existing medical institutions by private investors for political and/or national security reasons.
China’s health reforms and targets were consolidated and defined in 2009 under the Ministry of Health’s “Healthy China 2020” program. This program set targets for 2020, such as increasing healthcare spending as a percent of China’s gross domestic product to 6.5%, reducing out-of-pocket spending to less than 30% of total expenditure, increasing available beds per 1000 population to 4.8, increasing beds funded by the private sector to 25%, expanding insurance coverage to more citizens, creating an integrated national medical records database and encouraging all hospitals to implement IT solution to improve healthcare delivery.
In 2014, the Chinese government issued further reforms, included an update to an existing 2009 policy, allowing physicians to practice at multiple sites, removing previous restrictions on the number of secondary sites at which a physician could practice, a key reform to reduce the pressure for physician talent on private hospitals such as UFH. Another key 2014 reform was to permit selected investors, such as those from Hong Kong and Taiwan, to establish wholly foreign owned hospitals in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong, and Hainan.
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In 2016, the State Council announced the “Healthy China 2030” initiative. Like the “Healthy China 2020” initiative, this called for broad changes and policy targets to improve the overall health and life expectancy of China’s population, including environmental, labor, and healthcare provision reforms, by 2030. In 2019, detailed implementation guidelines were released, including targets of 3 physicians per 1000 residents, and reducing out-of-pocket expenditure to 25% of total expenditure by 2030.
As a result of the COVID-19 outbreak, the healthcare regulatory environment in China is in flux. As of March 2020, there were significant national and local regulations in place for epidemic control, which impact healthcare operations, however these regulations are expected to be temporary. There have been communications from various government entities that healthcare capacity and quality will be a renewed focus of the Chinese government following COVID-19, with reforms to include expansion of the social insurance system, improvements to pharmaceutical availability and accessibility, improvements in medical industry salaries, and plans for the layout of private healthcare.
Chinese Private and Public Healthcare Sectors
The Chinese healthcare services sector has grown rapidly since the initial reforms of the 1980’s and 1990’s. According to China’s National Health and Family Planning Commission (the “NHFPC”), overall revenue in the Chinese healthcare sector grew at an average rate of approximately 12% per year from 2013 to 2017, which was higher than overall growth in China’s GDP of 6.5% to 7.5% for the same period. In addition, over the same period, private hospital revenue in China averaged about 25%. In addition, overall revenue in the Chinese healthcare sector is expected to grow at a rate of approximately 11% per year from 2017 to 2023, while overall private hospital revenue is expected to grow at a rate of about 22% per year. Such growth in healthcare revenue is driven by many factors, including an aging population, growing wealth in larger cities, most of which are served by UFH, expanding private health insurance coverage, and a more favorable regulatory environment. Our management expects this growth to be significant in the wealthiest Chinese cities of Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, where UFH has its largest presence. Our management expects that increasing insurance coverage will also drive UFH’s business, as gross written commercial health insurance premiums in China have grown approximately 40% per year from 2012 to 2018, and are expected to grow approximately 33% per year from 2018 to 2023. In addition, the total addressable market for such health insurance has grown approximately 17% per year from 2012 to 2018, and is expected to grow approximately 18% per year from 2018 to 2023.
Chinese public hospitals are classified by the NHFPC into three classes, classes 1 through 3. Class 3 hospitals are large, comprehensive facilities with over 500 beds, while class 1 facilities are primary care facilities with less than 100 beds that focus on preventative and less specialized care. As perceived high quality services and physicians are mainly concentrated in class 3 public hospitals, patients often prefer to seek care in such hospitals regardless of the severity of their conditions. As such, Tier 3 Chinese public hospitals in particular face severe overcrowding and related issues ensuing from high capacity utilization that adversely affect both the availability and quality of care at such facilities, which has led to increased demand for private alternatives. Such utilization issues can include bed occupancy rates of over 90%, long average wait times to see physicians, with only 5 minute consultations. Class 3 hospitals face the most pressure, representing 8% of total hospitals while receiving 50% of the outpatient visits. Wait times for consultations and procedures are typically much longer at public hospitals, especially the overcrowded Class 3 hospitals, as compared to private hospitals, and can extend to weeks for some specialties. These issues are exacerbated by a shortage of doctors. According to the World Bank DataBank, in 2018, China had only 1.9 physicians per 1000 citizens, compared to 3 or 4 for developed countries. Pressure on the public healthcare system is expected to increase as the Chinese population continues to age, budget restraints, and government crackdowns on under-the-table payments, also known as “gray income” lowers physician effective income, reducing the attractiveness to physicians to work in the public system. Finally, endemic hospital budget deficits and nursing shortages also are known to result in poor service quality at public Chinese hospitals.
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The public medical insurance system, known as Yibao, has made healthcare coverage more widespread, and although it only covers approximately 40%-70% of the overall cost of care in public facilities, the expanded coverage has put further pressure on public hospitals, as budget control by the government has led to pressure on pricing and their ability to provide certain services. For this reason, recent government policies have restricted public hospitals from adding capacity for “VIP” services. As a result, premium services are typically more readily available from private providers and are paid for by individuals or commercial health insurance, which is either provided by private employers or purchased by individuals. Since 2015, private hospitals are able to accept Yibao for reimbursement in certain local jurisdictions, but it is currently not widely used by patients at such facilities, as Yibao reimbursement rates are too low for most private providers. Some private facilities, on a case-by-case basis, however, allow patients a limited reimbursement in private facilities for high end care to supplement their public entitlement. Despite its broad coverage, only 7% of respondents in a 2016 survey by EY said they were “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with their publicly provided insurance coverage, and a significant proportion of respondents also had purchased, were offered through their work, or were interested in private insurance policies.
Opportunity in the Private Hospital Sector
The overall strain on the public system and demand for quality healthcare in the Chinese public health system, coupled with challenges in the private sector such as restricted access to capital, healthcare administration talent, and difficulties recruiting physicians, have resulted in what our management believes are unique opportunities for a large, international, premium-branded player in the private hospital landscape such as UFH. These opportunities are generated by a supply and demand imbalance, as there is a significant under supply of premium private hospitals. According to the World Bank DataBank, in 2016, healthcare expenditure as a percentage of GDP in China was only approximately 4.98% compared to approximately 8.11% in South Africa, 8.97% in Spain, 10.93% in Japan, 11.54% in France, 11.14% in Germany, and 17.07% in the United States, indicating significant future growth potential in Chinese healthcare expenditure. When comparing GDP per capita to private healthcare spending per capita, China as a whole and China tier one cities, including Hong Kong, are significantly under-penetrated, indicating that private healthcare spending per capita will grow in line with GDP per capita.
Furthermore, the Chinese private medical industry sector remains highly fragmented, and our management believes that such a lack of competitors with scale provides an opportunity for large branded players, like UFH, to compete and grow. UFH has an extensive geographic coverage in China relative to its peers, and consistently ranks among the top private hospital brands in China. The market also lacks a comprehensive service competitor, as most private hospital systems in China are focused on a single or limited specialties or low acuity primary care, while UFH’s service offerings, through its strategic whole-life-cycle model, spans both low acuity and high acuity procedures across multiple specialties, offering coverage at all points throughout a patient’s lifecycle, from OB/GYN and pediatrics, family medicine, dental and home health, to higher acuity services such as internal medicine, orthopedics and surgery.
UFH Healthcare Services Facilities
UFH’s healthcare services were its primary source of revenue for each of the years ended December 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020.
Beijing
Beijing United Family Hospital (“BJU”) is located in the northeastern section of Beijing near a large concentration of high income communities. BJU was UFH’s first facility and received initial national-level approvals from the MoH and Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation in 1995 and officially opened in 1997. Our management believed that when it opened, BJU was the first government-approved healthcare joint venture to provide inpatient and outpatient healthcare services in China. The original entity was a contractual joint venture between Chindex and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. BJU received accreditation from the JCI in 2005, its first reaccreditation in 2008, its second reaccreditation in 2011 and a third accreditation in 2018.
Following the opening of the first BJU hospital, BJU expanded to include BJU building 2 in 2012, which added approximately 11,200 square meters of inpatient and outpatient capacity and building 3 in 2014, which added 5,400 square meters of outpatient capacity, significantly increasing BJU’s overall capacity to approximately 25,000 square meters and 120 licensed beds. BJU now consists of a campus of 3 buildings and several smaller associated facilities, including a family medicine clinic, New Hope Oncology Center and administrative and logistical facilities. These facilities have significant unused capacity which will be used for additional growth.
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BJU was the first hospital in UFH’s first hub-and-spoke model, and there are currently seven satellite clinics located throughout Beijing city affiliated with BJU. The first, which opened in 2002, is Beijing United Family Shunyi Clinic (the “Shunyi Clinic”). The Shunyi Clinic is located in the high-rent residential suburb of Shunyi County, which is also home to many international schools. The second, United Family Jianguomen Clinic, opened in June of 2005 and is in downtown Beijing in a prestigious luxury apartment and hotel complex in the heart of the diplomatic district. In 2010, UFH opened the Beijing United Family Liangma Clinic, located in Beijing’s northeast-central second diplomatic district. In 2013, the United Family Central Business District Clinic opened in Beijing. In 2014, the United Family Financial Street Clinic opened its doors and, in 2015, two clinics opened, United Family Wudaokou Clinic in the north western high tech and university district, and United Family Guangqumen Clinic opened in another high end residential area just to the south of the main Beijing central business district.
In addition to those seven stand-alone clinics, in late 2011 UFH also opened the Beijing United Family New Hope Oncology Center, located close to the main hospital campus in late 2011. This facility provides comprehensive cancer care including radiation and chemotherapy. Furthermore, the Beijing expansion projects during 2012 and 2013 included adding a variety of new specialized services provided at the hospital, including comprehensive cancer care, neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, catheterization lab and cardiovascular surgery.
In 2013, UFH opened the United Family Rehabilitation Hospital in east Beijing, a specialty hospital entering the rehabilitation service area, as a logical business expansion of its platform. Offering state of the art in-patient and day care rehabilitation services for post-operative, neurological, orthopedic, cardiac and post-partum rehabilitation patients, United Family Rehabilitation Hospital allows UFH to provide a complete range of “lifecycle” care in Beijing. UFH’s expansion into the premium rehabilitation market was intended to fill a gap our management identified in China’s health care system for those seeking quality premium care when recovering from surgeries or debilitating illnesses in neurological, cardiac and orthopedic areas. Since 2016, the facility has introduced an innovative “evidence based” approach to clinical post-partum rehabilitation in China, vertically integrating with UFH’s existing strong obstetrics business and reputation.
UFH has completed the construction of DTU and operations are expected to commence in second quarter of 2021. This new 200-licensed bed, approximately 22,200 square meter facility, is expected to specialize in OB/GYN, pediatric, PPR, reproductive and other specialties and is now under construction in the north-central region of Beijing. DTU is designed as a Level-3 women’s and children’s hospital and is expected to be eligible to apply for an IVF license.
Shanghai
In 2002, UFH received approval to open a hospital in Shanghai. Shanghai Puxi United Family Hospital was the second UFH Hospital and opened in 2004 in the Changning District of Shanghai, a center of the expatriate community and an affluent Chinese residential district in Puxi, on the western side of the Huangpu River. Like BJU, PXU offers comprehensive services. Since it opened, PXU has provided international-standard healthcare to the fast-growing Shanghai market.
UFH relocated its PXU operations to a new facility in 2019 near to the original PXU site. The new facility expanded operations from 5,900 square meters to approximately 19,200 square meters, increased capacity and growth potential, as well as created new competitive advantages through an upgraded, modern facility with new equipment and additional service offerings.
UFH implemented the hub and spoke model in Shanghai by constructing two UFH satellite clinics in the city, United Family Quankou Clinic, which opened in 2013 and United Family Fengshan Clinic, which opened in 2017, to support its hospitals in Shanghai. The Quankou clinic is located near PXU, enabling additional outpatient space expansion near the main campus. The Fengshan clinic, providing primary care, dental and mental health services, is located in the Minhang district near the Shanghai American School and serves the area’s affluent local and expatriate communities, including international schools and businesses.
PXU received its first JCI accreditation in 2008, its first reaccreditation in 2011 and has most recently been reaccredited in 2017. It is one of the few JCI-accredited facilities in the Shanghai metropolitan area.
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UFH’s other recent expansion projects in Shanghai have been concentrated in the Pudong district, where, in June 2018, it opened PDU, a hospital in Pudong’s Jinqiao, Xincheng district. PDU offers a full range of medical services to the eastern Shanghai delta with 100 licensed beds. In 2020, UFH acquired a 100% equity interest in Shanghai Precision Clinic Co., Ltd. (“Precision Clinic”) from an affiliate of New Frontier Group Ltd. and an unrelated party. This new facility is an outpatient primary care clinic located in Shanghai Xintiandi area, which had been renovated in mid-2019. The 1,050 square meter facility has 12 patient consultation rooms, one treatment room, and one multi-purpose room. This acquisition will enable us to expand our outpatient clinic network to the center of Shanghai to better serve the community by providing more convenient locations and act as a feeder network to the Shanghai hospital facilities.
Tianjin
In 2011, UFH opened Tianjin United Family Hospital (“TJU”), in the northern city of Tianjin, 150 kilometers southeast of Beijing. Tianjin is China’s fifth largest city with a population of over 10 million and is considered one of the fastest growing cities in China. TJU is located in the Hexi district of the city, one of the most affluent neighborhoods. TJU is licensed for 30 beds and is designed to focus on primary care services. In addition, TJU is the only hospital in UFH’s network that is licensed to practice IVF and assisted reproductive technology services, and provides such services to patients from Tianjin as well as referrals from other UFH facilities. TJU received its JCI accreditation in 2014 and reaccreditation in 2017.
Qingdao
In 2015, UFH opened Qingdao United Family Hospital (“QDU”), in the eastern coastal city of Qingdao. Qingdao is an industrial city with a large tourism industry. QDU is located in an affluent neighborhood in the east of the city, and offers general hospital services to the local community. QDU is licensed for 100 beds in an approximately 30,000 square meter facility. The hospital offers all primary and secondary care services including family medicine, internal medicine, surgery, OB/GYN, pediatrics, dental, dermatology, post-partum rehabilitation and other specialty offerings. In addition, QDU is currently developing a cancer treatment service in collaboration with a partner investor.
Guangzhou
Guangzhou United Family Hospital (“GZU”), our largest hospital to date, opened in 2018. The total building area is approximately 70,000 square meters with over 100 licensed beds and capacity for further bed expansion. The hospital delivers comprehensive healthcare services including internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, family medicine, dermatology, rehabilitation, traditional Chinese medicine (“TCM”) and 24-hour emergency care, as well as providing special services such as intensive adult and neonatal intensive care units, a birthing center (including Labor, Delivery, Recovery, Postpartum (“LDRP”) and Postpartum Suites) and a full suite of radiology and imaging, such as MRI and CT scans. It operates under standards consistent with those required by the JCI. Our management expects GZU to receive JCI accreditation in 2020.
Shenzhen
Shenzhen United Family (“SZU”) hospital is currently under development in central downtown Shenzhen, a modern, fast growing city between Hong Kong and Guangzhou. Shenzhen was one of the first Special Economic Zones established in China during the first market reforms of the late 1970s and early 1980s, and has grown from a small border town to a major metropolis of over 10 million people, home to several large technology companies, top university branch campuses, and a fast growing upper-middle class population. SZU is expected to open in mid-2021 and is expected to be branded and managed by UFH under a management contract with NFG. SZU’s location is expected to allow the hospital to be a service hub for the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau. SZU will provide primary care services including family medicine, pediatrics, OB/GYN, as well as more advanced services such as surgery, internal medicine, oncology, and other services in a 64,000 square meter facility.
UFH is also considering other asset-light management contracts for branding, managing, and operating clinical facilities around China.
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Other Markets
UFH continues to seek new opportunities to expand its operations to other cities with affluent populations and currently operates a small outpatient clinic in Hainan Bo’ao opened in 2018.
Headquarters
UFH’s corporate headquarters are based in Beijing near the main BJU campus, and provide centralized corporate and administrative services to all UFH facilities throughout the country, including hiring and assigning senior management, corporate finance, sales and marketing, business development, patient experience, nursing operations, supply chain management and other functions. The centralized corporate support group is essential for the development, enhancement, maintenance and promotion of the UFH brand to ensure it maintains a consistent level of quality throughout the network, as well as coordinating UFH’s fast expansion across markets.
Regional Market Re-Organization
To maximize operating efficiencies and synergies among its regional facilities, in March 2020, the Company consolidated its operations in its three major markets: Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, each with a unified leadership team.
The Beijing market includes all of the Company’s operating facilities, including hospitals and clinics, in Beijing as well as the Bo’ao clinic in Hainan Province; the Shanghai market consists of PXU and PDU, as well as the East China clinic network; and the Guangzhou market consists of GZU and its affiliated clinic network.
UFH was founded with one standalone facility and as the Company built more hospitals and clinics, it centralized certain policy development and shared service functions in order to achieve standard levels of service, branding, and quality, as well as to achieve economies of scale to eliminate redundant costs. By re-organizing the standalone facilities into unified regional market leadership, the Company believes it can realize further efficiencies within each geography, allowing patients to experience the true value of its life cycle of care and seamless experience between clinics and hospitals.
Competition
UFH has certain regional specialty private competitors. These include:
AmCare Women and Children’s Specialized Health: established in 2006; now operates 6 women and children’s hospitals, one clinic and three post-partum rehabilitation centers across Beijing, Tianjin, Hangzhou and Shenzhen. These are specialty hospitals focusing on obstetrics and pediatrics services.
HarmoniCare Medical: founded in 2003; now operates 14 women and children’s hospitals in Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Chongqing and other cities. These are also specialty hospitals, primarily focused on obstetrics and some pediatric care.
Parkway Pantai (under the IHH Group): Parkway first entered in China in 2006 and now operates 5 medical and dental locations in China, located in Shanghai, Suzhou, and Chengdu. The IHH parent operates 28 hospitals with more than 6,000 beds in Singapore, Malaysia, India, Brunei and United Arab Emirates, while its China footprint consists primarily of outpatient services. It is said to have two hospitals under development, one in Chengdu and one in Shanghai.
New Century: opened its first pediatrics facility in 2002 in Beijing. It now operates three medical institutions focusing on pediatrics in Beijing, Tianjin and Qingdao.
Oasis: opened in 2012, Oasis is a small general services hospital located in northeastern Beijing.
Jiahui Health: opened an international general hospital in Shanghai in 2017 with up to 500 beds and also operates two clinics in Shanghai.
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American-Sino Medical Group: started in 2003, American-Sino started as the western-style VIP OB ward in a Chinese public hospital, and has expanded to its own specialty hospital in Shanghai and a share in a small obstetrics hospital in Hangzhou.
Kaiyuan Hospital: owned by Columbia China group. Columbia China is jointly invested by Columbia Pacific Management and Sheares Healthcare Group. Kaiyuan hospital is located in Shanghai and has a capacity of 220 beds focused on orthopedics.
The public medical system is not considered a direct competitor to UFH due to its lower level of service, lower prices and a different system of payments. Some public hospitals have opened VIP wards offering higher levels of service, however the government has made it clear that the public health system should prioritize services for the Chinese public and not expand (or even curtail) existing VIP services.
It is management’s belief that there are no foreign or domestic investor-owned and operated hospital networks in China that compete with the UFH network in serving the expatriate, diplomatic and affluent local Chinese service areas through a comprehensive healthcare service delivery system on a similar geographic coverage and scale to UFH. Although several local owners have opened specialty private hospitals, it is management’s understanding that none are as comprehensive and as geographically diverse, or offer the same full scope and quality of services to the same patient base as UFH.
Intellectual Property
There are 72 trademarks registered under United Family Healthcare Management Consulting (Beijing) Co., Ltd., a wholly foreign-owned enterprise of UFH (the “UFH (WFOE)”), and 178 trademarks are registered under Chindex. These trademarks are registered in China, and include the following trademarks:
Regulatory Matters
Medical institutions must abide by various Chinese national and local laws and regulations, including foreign investment in healthcare industry, the licensing and operation of medical institutions and medical staff, the use and safety management of drugs and medical devices, the quality of medical services, environmental protection, staff safety, social security and housing provident fund, as well as miscellaneous other national and local regulatory regimes.
Regulations Relating to Foreign Investment in Our Industry
According to the Interim Measures for Administration of China — Foreign Joint Venture and Cooperative Medical Institutions (the “Interim Measures”), which became effective as of July 1, 2000, and its supplementary rules, the share percentage of foreign investment in a Chinese medical institution cannot exceed 70%, except that qualified Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan investors may set up wholly foreign-owned medical institutions subject to certain conditions and geographic restrictions. In addition, the Interim Measures also sets forth certain qualification requirements for foreign investors, such as requiring that such investors possess investment and operational experience in the medical sector. In December 2011, the Catalog of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment was amended and recategorized foreign investment in the healthcare sector from “restricted” to “permitted” and various other subsequent regulations and rules stated that restrictions on foreign investment in the healthcare sector should be lifted. As a result of these changes, China adopted a flexible policy from January 2012 to April 2015 allowing establishment of wholly foreign owned medical institutions by certain types of investors from several jurisdictions.
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As of April 2015, China reverted back to its previous policy and foreign investment in medical institutions was again “restricted.” According to the Special Administrative Measures for Market Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2020 Version), medical institutions are on the “negative list” for foreign investment and so any such foreign investment is subject to the limitations set forth in the Interim Measures. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure — If the Chinese government finds that the agreements we intend to enter into to establish the structure for a portion of our operations in China do not comply with its restrictions on foreign investment in healthcare businesses, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our economic benefits in the assets and operations of our affiliated Chinese entities.”
UFH does some of its business in China through variable interest entities, or VIEs, due to the aforementioned restrictions on equity ownership by foreign investors.
In addition, China is continuing to reform its foreign investment laws and regulations and the related regulatory regimes. China’s Foreign Investment Law was adopted on March 15, 2019 and became effective on January 1, 2020. At that time, China’s Law on Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, China’s Law on Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises and China’s Law on Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures, which applied to some entities incorporated in China and controlled (directly or indirectly) by UFH, were abolished. This is generally viewed as a major step forward toward facilitating foreign investments, such as those in UFH, in China. For a further discussion of the likely impact these regulations may have on UFH’s business, please see “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — Changes in the Foreign Investment Law and regulatory regime could have an impact on the transactions and the operation of our business.”
China continues to reform its healthcare industry. The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Promotion of Basic Medical and Health Care was adopted on December 18, 2019 and became effective on June 1, 2020. This law prohibits government-funded medical institutions from establishing for-profit medical institutions with public funds. Considering that there is 70% restriction on foreign ownership in medical institutions requiring a local partner for healthcare investments, this will restrict UFH’s ability to partner with public institutions.
Regulations Relating to Encouraging Private Capital Investment in Medical Institutions
The Circular Forwarded by the General Office of the State Council relating to the Opinions on Further Encouraging and Guiding Private Capital Investment in Medical Institutions (i) establishes priorities for using government resources to support private capital investment in medical institutions, including for-profit medical institutions where there is a demand to adjust or extend medical resources; (ii) states that restrictions on foreign investment in medical institutions should be lifted, including moving the medical institution industry from the restricted category to the permitted category in the foreign investment industry catalog and gradually lifting the 70% restriction on foreign ownership in medical institutions; and (iii) reiterates that a non-profit medical institution should not distribute gains to its investors either as dividends or by other means whereas a for-profit medical institution may distribute gains to its investors. While the foregoing Circular is currently effective, it has not yet been fully implemented in practice. If it is fully implemented, it could have a positive impact on UFH’s business and operations in China, including making it easier for UFH and its founders to make additional investments in China.
Regulations Relating to Medical Institutions
Pursuant to the Regulation on Administration of Medical Institutions issued in February 1994 and amended in February 2016 by China’s State Council, a medical institution is required to obtain a medical institution practicing license from the relevant healthcare administrative authorities before providing medical services. Any organization or individual that engages in medical practice without a medical institution practicing license may be ordered to cease practice, be confiscated of illegal income, drugs and medical devices, or be fined. Medical institutions are required to provide medical services within the approved or registered scope, and any activity relating to forging, altering, selling, transferring or lending of medical institution practicing license is prohibited. A medical institution practicing license is subject to inspection by the relevant healthcare administrative authorities on an annual or every three-year basis depending on the size of the medical institution.
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In addition, pursuant to the Rules on Administration of Radiation-related Diagnosis and Treatment issued in January 2006 and amended in January 2016 by the National Health and Family Planning Commission, medical institutions that plan to conduct radiation-related diagnosis and treatment must obtain radiation-related diagnosis and treatment licenses. Non-compliance with such regulations may subject the violating entities to an order to rectify and administrative penalties, including fines or even an order to cease practice.
Pursuant China’s Pharmaceutical Administration Law, medical institutions shall procure and use drugs that have a certificate of drug quality and properly manage and store the drugs. Pursuant to the Regulation on the Supervision and Administration of Medical Devices, users of medical devices shall procure and use the medical devices with certificate of medical device quality and properly manage and store the medical devices. Pursuant to the Implementation Rules for Regulations on Administration of Medical Institutions, medical institutions shall enhance the medical quality management and ensure the medical safety and service quality according to relevant rules and standards of healthcare administrative authorities.
Regulations Relating to Practicing Activities of Doctors and Nurses
According to China’s Law on Practicing Physicians promulgated in June 1998 and amended in August 2009 and the Nurse Regulation issued in January 2008 as well as other relevant Chinese laws and regulations, doctors and nurses in China must be registered with and obtain relevant practicing licenses from the relevant healthcare administrative authorities, and may only engage in medical or nursing practice at the place and within the scope as registered in their practicing licenses. As a result of non-compliance with such regulations, doctors and nurses as well as the medical institutions that hire them may be subject to administrative penalties, including fines, loss of licenses, or even an order to cease practice.
However, such restrictions on practicing places have been gradually loosened. Pursuant to the Several Opinions on Advancing and Standardizing Doctors’ Practicing in Multiple Places issued in November 2014 and the Administrative Measures for Registration of Practicing Physicians issued in February 2017, doctors may practice in two or more medical institutions provided that the additional medical institutions where the doctors practice have been filed or registered with relevant healthcare administrative authorities. The implementation plans for doctors practicing in multiple locations may vary in different localities.
Regulations Relating to Foreign Currency Exchange
In accordance with the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating the Policies for the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement under the Capital Account (2016), the foreign exchange earnings under capital account of a foreign-invested company, including registered capitals in foreign currencies and external loans, can only be used for purposes within the approved business scope of the company.
In addition, the Chinese government imposes controls on the convertibility of the Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. For a discussion of the likely impact the foregoing regulations may have on UFH’s business, see “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — Our only significant asset will be ownership of 100% of UFH, which may not be able to pay dividends or make distributions to enable us to pay any dividends on our ordinary shares or to satisfy our other financial obligations” and “Item 3. Key Information – D. Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — The conversion of RMB into foreign currency is regulated, and these regulations could adversely affect our business and investments”.
Regulations Relating to Labor Laws
The principal labor laws and regulations in China include China’s Labor Law, China’s Labor Contract Law and the Implementation Regulations of China’s Labor Contract Law. China’s Labor Law and China’s Labor Contract Law, impose certain substantive requirements on employers, including the requirement to enter into written labor contracts with employees; the requirement to offer permanent employment at the conclusion of two successive fixed term employment contracts; the requirement to pay severance fees in all cases of termination except for material breach of contract by the employee or the employee’s voluntary resignation; the requirement to pay financial compensation in return for the employee’s non-compete agreement; the requirement to limit the hours worked by employees working on a standard work schedule, which is a majority of UFH’s employees, to eight hours per day and pay overtime compensation to such employees for any overtime work beyond the foregoing eight hours; and the requirement to establish labor safety and workplace sanitation systems and to provide employees with appropriate training regarding workplace safety. Violations of the above laws and regulations may result in liabilities to employees and subject employer to administrative sanctions including fines or, in the case of serious violations, criminal liability.
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China’s regulatory authorities have also passed a variety of laws and regulations regarding statutory social welfare benefits, including, among others, the Social Insurance Law of China implemented on July 1, 2011 and amended on December 29, 2018, the Regulation of Insurance for Labor Injury, the Provisional Measures for Maternity Insurance of Employees of Corporations, the Decisions on the Establishment of a Unified Program for Pension Insurance of the State Council, the Decisions on the Establishment of the Medical Insurance Program for Urban Workers, the Regulation of Unemployment Insurance and the Regulations on the Management of Housing Provident Fund. Pursuant to these laws and regulations, companies in China have to make sufficient contributions of statutory social welfare benefits for their employees, including medical care insurance, occupational injury insurance, unemployment insurance, maternity insurance, pension benefits and housing provident funds. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations may result in supplementary payments, surcharges or fines.
In addition, the Exit-Entry Administration Law of China and the Provisions on the Employment of Foreigners in China require that a work permit must be obtained from the relevant local labor authorities or their designated authorities for expatriate employees. Such expatriates may work only for the employer and the area listed on their work permit approval documents.
Regulations Relating to Environmental Protection
Our operations and properties are subject to extensive environmental protection laws and regulations. For a discussion of such laws and regulations and their likely impact on UFH’s business, please see “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — If we fail to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in China, we could become subject to fines or penalties or incur costs that could have a material adverse effect on the success of our business.”
Regulations Relating to Intellectual Property
Pursuant to China’s Trademark Law promulgated in August 1982 by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress and amended respectively in February 1993, October 2001, August, 2013, and April 2019 (the latest amendment went effective on November 1, 2019), the registered trademarks are protected under Chinese law only in respect of the classes of products and services for which they are registered.
In addition, China has adopted a “first-to-file” principle for trademarks, which means that if two or more applicants apply for registration of identical or similar trademarks for the same or similar commodities, the application that was filed first will receive preliminary approval and will be publicly announced. For applications filed on the same day, the trademark that was first used will receive preliminary approval and will be publicly announced. As previously discussed, UFH has 72 trademarks registered under the UFH (WFOE), and 178 trademarks are registered under Chindex and the success of its business is largely dependent on the quality and perception of its brand in China. As such, its business is dependent on effective enforcement of the trademark rules and any changes thereto could have a material, adverse effect on its business. According to Trademark Law, if a registered trademark stays unused for three consecutive years, any unit or individual may apply to the Trademark Office for revoking it. We're using the trademarks registered in the category 44 about healthcare business, the trademarks registered under other categories are for protection purpose, not actually use them, such trademarks might be revoked.
Regulations Relating to Taxation
Pursuant to China’s Enterprise Income Tax Law effective on January 1, 2008, the statutory Chinese corporate income tax rate of UFH’s subsidiaries operating in China for the periods presented is 25% on their taxable profits. Dividends, interests, rent or royalties payable by UFH’s entities in China to non-Chinese resident enterprises, and proceeds from any such non-resident enterprise investor’s disposition of assets (after deducting the tax basis of such assets) shall be subject to a 10% enterprise income tax, namely withholding tax, unless the respective non-Chinese resident enterprise’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty or an arrangement with China that provides for a reduced withholding tax rate or an exemption from withholding tax.
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The Provisional Regulations of China on Value-added Tax were promulgated on December 13, 1993, and were most recently amended on February 6, 2016 and November 19, 2017. The Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Provisional Regulations of China on Value-added Tax were issued on December 25, 1993 and subsequently amended on December 15, 2008 and October 28, 2011, or collectively, the VAT Law. On November 19, 2017, the State Council promulgated the Decisions on Abolishing the Provisional Regulations of China on Business Tax and Amending the Provisional Regulations of China on Value-added Tax, or Order 691. On March 20, 2019, the Ministry of Finance, State Taxation Administration and General Administration of Customs jointly promulgated the Relevant Policies Notice on Deepening Reform of VAT Tax, or Notice 39. According to the VAT Law, Order 691 and Notice 39, all enterprises and individuals engaged in the sale of goods, the provision of processing, repair and replacement services, sales of services, intangible assets, real property and the importation of goods within Chinese territory must pay VAT. VAT is typically assessed at a rate of 13%, 9%, 6% and 0%.
UFH is required to pay VAT on certain of its non-medical related revenue, including sales of products at the gift shops within their hospitals at applicable VAT rates. In addition, UFH has applied for and received an exemption from VAT on its medical service revenue and therefore is not subject to VAT on such revenue.
Regulations Relating to Administration of Medical Data
Medical institutions or employees dealing with a patient’s personal information may be subject to infringement allegations from patients if they do not properly handle personal information under the Regulations on Medical Record Management and Chinese Tort Liability Law, which require medical institutions to protect patients’ privacy and prohibit unauthorized disclosure of personal information. As a provider of medical services, UFH has access to the personal information of its patients who use its services and has put in place policies and controls to protect such information.
Specifically, UFH has implemented an internal privacy protection policy, which provides that all patient information is confidential and shall not be disclosed without the consent of the patient. Further, employees may use patient information only when they are fulfilling their job responsibilities. An employee violating such provision is deemed to have violated UFH’s internal rules and policies and UFH has the right to immediately terminate the employment contract with such employee. Please see the section entitled “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Financial Condition — We are subject to cyber security risks and other cyber incidents, including the misappropriation of information and other breaches of information security which could adversely affect our business and disrupt our operations.” for more information.
Regulations Relating to Leased Property
Pursuant to the Administrative Rules of Commercial Property Leases, effective February 2011, promulgated by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China, and other relevant rules, a property which falls within the following categories may not be leased: (i) property constructed without obtaining proper construction planning permits, (ii) property that fails to meet the mandatory safety requirements, or (iii) property that is used in violation of zoning requirements. Failure to comply with such requirements may subject lessors to rectification and fines. In addition, the parties to a property lease contract are required to register the leased property with Chinese housing administration authorities. Failure to comply with such registration requirements may subject the parties to rectification orders issued by the housing administration authorities, which will specify a deadline for such registration. If lessors or tenants do not complete the registration before the deadline, it may be subject to a fine from RMB1,000 (about US$153) to RMB10,000 (about US$1,533).
According to the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Questions Concerning Specific Laws Applicable to the Trial of Cases of Urban Property Lease Contract Disputes, a lease agreement shall be invalid under any of the following circumstances: (i) the leased premises is constructed without obtaining a construction planning permit; (ii) the term of a sublease agreement is longer than the term of the sub-lessor’s lease; or (iii) the leased premises is classified as temporary construction and the approved use term has expired. If only part of the leased premises involves the situation discussed in situations (i) and (iii) above, the other portion of the leased premises and the corresponding lease agreement shall not be affected. In situation (ii) above, only the excessive part of the lease term and the corresponding lease agreement is not protected by Chinese law.
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Please see the section entitled “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — Our use of leased properties could be challenged by third parties or government authorities, which may cause interruptions to our business operations.” for more information.
Regulations Relating to Dividend Distribution
The principal laws and regulations governing the distribution of dividends by domestically-invested enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises in China includes China’s Company Law, as amended, the Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise Law of 1986, as amended, and its implementation regulations originally promulgated in 1990, as amended, the China-Foreign Equity Joint Venture Law originally promulgated in 1979, as amended, and its implementation regulations originally promulgated in 1983, as amended, and the China-Foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Law originally promulgated in 1988, as amended, and its implementation regulations originally promulgated in 1995, as amended. The Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise Law, the China-Foreign Equity Joint Venture Law and the China-Foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Law were replaced by the Foreign Investment Law on January 1, 2020. Under the prior regulatory regime in China, both domestically-funded enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their after-tax profit, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. UFH’s wholly foreign-owned enterprises and domestically-funded enterprises are required to set aside as statutory reserve funds at least 10% of its after-tax profit, until the cumulative amount of such reserve funds reaches 50% of its registered capital; EJV subsidiaries and CJV subsidiaries have discretion in deciding on the percentage of reserve funds and other funds. Domestically-funded enterprises, wholly foreign-owned enterprises, EJVs and CJVs shall not distribute any profits until any losses from prior fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed together with distributable profits from the current fiscal year.
Regulations Relating to New M&A Rules
The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, adopted by six Chinese regulatory agencies in 2006 and amended in 2009, regulates transactions relating to (i) foreign investors’ acquisition of the equity interests of Chinese non-foreign-invested domestic enterprises and subscription for the capital increase of Chinese non-foreign-invested domestic enterprises, (ii) foreign investors’ purchase and operation of the assets of Chinese domestic enterprises via their established foreign-invested enterprises, and (iii) foreign investors’ acquisition of the assets of Chinese domestic enterprises which would subsequently be used for the establishment and operation of foreign-invested enterprises. In 2011, the Ministry of Commerce issued the Implementing Rules Concerning Security Review on the Mergers and Acquisitions by Foreign Investors of Domestic Enterprises, which provides that mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors involving an industry related to national security are subject to strict review by the Ministry of Commerce. These rules also prohibit any transactions attempting to bypass such security review, including controlling entities through contractual arrangements. For a further discussion of the likely impact that these regulations may have on UFH’s business, please see “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — China’s M&A Rules and certain other Chinese regulations establish complex procedures for some acquisitions of Chinese companies by foreign investors, which could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions in China.”
Legal Proceedings
We are involved in various lawsuits, claims and legal proceedings, the majority of which arise in the ordinary course of business.
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New Frontier Health Corporation is a Cayman Islands exempted company. The following diagram depicts our current organizational structure:
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| (1) | New Frontier Health Corporation is a holding company with no direct operations. |
| (2) | United Family Healthcare Management Consulting (Beijing) Co., Ltd is a wholly foreign-owned enterprise. |
| (3) | The shareholders of Beijing Access Health Hospital Management Co., Ltd. are United Family Healthcare Management Consulting (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Mr. Ming Xie and Ms. Xiaoyan Shen, owning 70%, 15% and 15% of the equity interests of Beijing Access Health Hospital Management Co., Ltd., respectively. Mr. Ming Xie is a senior executive and director of both Access and SHY, and Ms. Xiaoyan Shen is the supervisor of both Access and SHY; both act as nominee shareholders on behalf of United Family Healthcare Management Consulting (Beijing) Co., Ltd. |
| (4) | The shareholders of Beijing United Family Hospital Management Co., Ltd. are Beijing Access Health Hospital Management Co., Ltd. and Mr. Ming Xie, owning 70% and 30%of the equity interests of Beijing United Family Hospital Management Co., Ltd., respectively. Mr. Ming Xie is a senior executive and director of both Access and SHY and acts as a nominee shareholder on behalf of United Family Healthcare Management Consulting (Beijing) Co., Ltd. |
| (5) | Qingdao United Family Hospital Co., Ltd. is a wholly foreign-owned enterprise and was established as such under an exception to the Interim Measures for Administration of China — Foreign Joint Venture and Cooperative Medical Institutions, as further described in the section entitled “Business — Regulatory Matters — Regulations Relating to Foreign Investment in Our Industry.” |
| (6) | Shanghai Xincheng United Family Hospital Co., Ltd. is a China-Foreign Equity Joint Venture. |
| (7) | Guangzhou United Family Hospital Co., Ltd. is a China-Foreign Contractual Joint Venture. |
| (8) | Beijing Jingbei Women & Children United Family Hospital Co., Ltd. is a China-Foreign Contractual Joint Venture. |
| (9) | Beijing United Family Hospital Co., Ltd. is a China-Foreign Contractual Joint Venture. |
| (10) | Beijing United Family Rehabilitation Hospital Co., Ltd. is a China-Foreign Contractual Joint Venture. |
| (11) | Tianjin United Family Hospital Co., Ltd. is a China-Foreign Contractual Joint Venture. |
| (12) | Beijing United Family Health Center Co., Ltd. is a China-Foreign Contractual Joint Venture. |
| (13) | Shanghai United Family Hospital Co., Ltd. is a China-Foreign Contractual Joint Venture. |
| (14) | Shanghai Niufeng Medical Management Co., Ltd. is a wholly foreign-owned enterprise. |
| (15) | The shareholders of Shanghai Chunyu Medical Management Co., Ltd. are Shanghai Niufeng Medical Management Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Yuanmu Management Co., Ltd. owning 70% and 30% of the equity interests of Shanghai Chunyu Medical Management Co., Ltd., respectively. Shanghai Yuanmu Management Co., Ltd. is controlled by certain senior executive of NFG and an employee of the Company, who act as nominee shareholders on behalf of Shanghai Niufeng Medical Management Co., Ltd. |
| (16) | Shanghai Precision Clinic Co., Ltd. was acquired on November 30,2020, when UFH has obtained control over it though the change in business registration hasn’t yet been completed. |
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As shown in the above diagrams, three of our subsidiaries in China are organized as partial variable interest entities to comply with Chinese laws and regulations generally limiting foreign ownership of companies in the healthcare industry to no more than 70%. As shown in the second diagram above, United Family Healthcare Management Consulting (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (“UFH (WFOE)”), which is one of our indirect, wholly-owned subsidiaries, owns 70% of the equity interests in Beijing Access Health Hospital Management Co., Ltd (“Access”), and the remaining 30% of the equity interests are held by certain senior executives of UFH, who are serving as nominee shareholders in accordance with and subject to various variable interest entity arrangements in favor of UFH (WFOE). Similarly, Access holds 70% of the equity interests in Beijing United Family Hospital Management Co., Ltd. (“SHY”, and together with Access, each a “Relevant Entity”), and the remaining 30% of the equity interests are held by a senior executive of UFH who is serving as a nominee shareholder in accordance with and subject to various variable interest entity arrangements in favor of UFH (WFOE). Shanghai Niufeng Medical Management Co., Ltd.(“Niufeng WFOE”), which is one of our indirect, wholly-owned subsidiaries, owns 70% of the equity interests in Shanghai Chunyu Medical Management Co., Ltd. (“Chunyu”, a “Relevant Entity”), and the remaining 30% of the equity interests are held by Shanghai Yuanmu Management Co., Ltd. controlled by certain senior executive of NFG and an employee of the Company, who are serving as nominee shareholders in accordance with and subject to various variable interest entity arrangements in favor of Niufeng WFOE. These variable interest entity arrangements consist of a series of contractual arrangements among UFH (WFOE), Niufeng WFOE, the Relevant Entities, their respective nominee shareholders and the respective nominee shareholders’ spouses, and include exclusive operation services agreements, spousal consent letters, entrustment agreements of shareholder’s rights and equity interest pledge agreements, and exclusive call option agreements, in each case, in favor of UFH (WFOE) or Niufeng WFOE. As a result of these contractual arrangements, we are able to control 100% of the Relevant Entities (including the 30% held by the nominee shareholder(s)) and receive all of the economic benefits of the operations of the Relevant Entities.
D. Property, plants and equipment
All of UFH’s premises are leased from third parties, and in general have fixed terms. Approximately 9% of UFH’s leases in terms of the lease contract value are up for renewal in the next five years. Most of these leases have automatic renewal clauses or priority rights and a number of these leases have been renewed in the past.
UFH leases approximately 35,000 square meters in Beijing for hospital and clinic operations as well as 2,782 square meters for administrative departments. In addition, UFH also leases additional space of approximately 22,200 square meters for DTU as a part of its expansion plan in the Beijing service area. These leases expire between 2021 and 2037. The lease on Building 1 of the BJU campus (which is approximately 6,184 square meters) has been renewed once since 1995 and had a five-year term that expired on December 31, 2020. An extension agreement has not yet been reached. Currently, the landlord offered a temporary occupation fee at RMB30,000 per day in aggregate, which UFH has been paying starting on January 1, 2021. As a result of the expiration of the lease, a majority of the clinics are planned to be relocated to Building 2 in 2021, in addition to newly leased, street-front commercial space adjacent to the hospital of approximately 1,317 square meters. Patient maternity rooms in Building 1 due to the relocation will be supplemented by a space in the new DTU, which was completed in March 2021 and expected to open in second quarter of 2021.
UFH leases approximately 6,900 square meters in Tianjin for hospital operations as well as for administrative departments. The lease for the hospital facility in Tianjin expires in 2030.
UFH leases approximately 30,000 square meters in Qingdao for hospital operations as well as for administrative departments. The lease for the hospital facility in Qingdao expires in 2032.
UFH leased approximately 57,050 square meters in Shanghai for hospital and clinic operations as well as for administrative departments, including both old PXU facility and new relocation facility. The lease on the old PXU facility was terminated in October 2019 in connection with the relocation. In addition, The leases for the hospital facilities in Shanghai expires in 2036 for PDU and 2038 for new PXU.
UFH leases approximately 70,000 square meters in Guangzhou for hospital. The lease for the Guangzhou facilities expire in 2036 for GZU.
UFH leases approximately 150 square meters in Hainan for clinic operations. The lease for the clinic facility in Hainan is open-ended.
UFH leases approximately 405 square meters in Hangzhou for clinic operations. The lease for the clinic facility in Hangzhou expires in 2020. This clinic closed in 2020.
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UFH facilities require licenses to operate. These licenses are issued by Chinese national and local authorities, and include business licenses, medical licenses, fire safety licenses, and other specific licenses required by specific licensing entities and for specific medical services. UFH also has numerous third party contracts with suppliers and vendors necessary for ongoing operations.
We believe our current facilities are suitable for our current operating needs.
| ITEM 4A. | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS |
None.
| Item 5 | OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS |
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 and the notes thereto, included elsewhere in this report.
The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth in “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors.”
We were originally incorporated on March 28, 2018 as a Cayman Islands exempted company for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. On December 18, 2019 (the “Closing Date”), we consummated the acquisition of UFH and related transactions. As a result of the business combination, we became the holding company of UFH and we changed our name from “New Frontier Corporation” to “New Frontier Health Corporation.”
We are a leading provider of premium healthcare services in China where we operate under the UFH brand. UFH is a network of private hospitals and affiliated ambulatory clinics located in China’s more affluent cities. As of December 31, 2020, UFH’s healthcare services business comprised substantially all of our operations. Our operating results vary from period to period as a result of a variety of social and epidemiological factors in the patient base served by our healthcare network and the investment and development cycle related to opening new facilities.
Substantially all of our non-cash assets are located in China, and all of our revenues are derived from our operations there. Accordingly, our business, financial condition and results of operations are subject, to a significant degree, to economic, political and legal developments in China. The economic system in China differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the amount of government control over capital investments, development, foreign exchange and allocation of resources.
In recent years, the Chinese government’s healthcare reform program has encouraged private investments, such as the UFH network, as an important supplement to the public system and the primary source for providing specialized and premium healthcare services in China. Nevertheless, expansions of UFH’s existing facilities as well as new hospital and affiliated clinic projects are complex and require several layers of government approvals before they can become operational, which can take approximately six to twenty months to obtain. Such approvals may include: approval from the National Development and Reform Commission (“NDRC”) and the Ministry of Commerce (“MOFCOM”), or their local branches, relating to laws and regulations on foreign invested enterprises in China as the healthcare service sector is still on the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for Foreign Investment Access; multi-level government approvals relating to healthcare facilities generally, including the grant of a general hospital license from local health authorities and in some cases the Ministry of Health at the national level; and land use, environmental compliance and other permits and safety approvals required in connection with constructing new hospital facilities. Accordingly, the timing and ability to complete its expansion projects and new facility openings are dependent on the actual receipt of the various government licenses and permits.
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As a result of the Business Combination, the Company is the acquirer and Healthy Harmony and HH GP are the acquirees for accounting purposes and Healthy Harmony is determined to be the accounting “Predecessor”. Healthy Harmony was determined to be the accounting “Predecessor” because neither NFC nor HH GP had any operations prior to the Business Combination. The historical financial information of NFC (a special purpose acquisition company or SPAC) has not been reflected in the Predecessor financial statements as these historical amounts have been determined to be not useful information to a user of the financial statements. Upon the closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), the Company succeeded to all of the business and operations of Healthy Harmony and as such is considered the “Successor” for the period starting from the Closing Date, which includes the consolidated financial results of Healthy Harmony. As used in this section, the “Group” refers to the Company and its subsidiaries, including Healthy Harmony and its subsidiaries, as of and following the Closing Date.
The transactions were accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting, and the Successor financial statements reflect a new basis of accounting for Healthy Harmony that is based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, see note 23 to our consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere herein. As a result of the application of the acquisition method of accounting as of the Closing Date, the financial statements for the Predecessor periods and for the Successor periods are presented on a different basis of accounting and are, therefore, not comparable.
The Company’s financial statement presentation distinguishes the Company’s presentations into two distinct periods, the period up to the Closing Date (labeled “Predecessor”) and the period including and after that date (labeled “Successor”) and are further distinguished as follows: the Successor periods are from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020 (“2020 Successor Period") and December 19, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (“2019 Successor Period”) and the Predecessor periods are from January 1, 2019 to December 18, 2019 (“2019 Predecessor Period”), and January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (“2018 Predecessor Period”) (collectively “Predecessor Periods”). The Company’s statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive loss prior to the Closing Date is recorded in the opening accumulated deficit as of December 19, 2019 and not presented separately. In addition, management believes reviewing the Company’s operating results for the year ended December 31, 2019 by combining the results of the 2019 Predecessor Period and 2019 Successor Period (the “2019 S/P Combined”) is more useful in discussing our overall operating performance when compared to the 2018 Predecessor Period. Accordingly, in addition to presenting our results of operations as reported in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS, the tables below present the non-IFRS combined results for the year.
Our consolidated financial statements are stated in RMB. However, solely for the convenience of the readers, the results of operations and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2020 were translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate of the buying rate on December 31, 2020 of RMB6.5250 to US$1.00 in New York City for cable transfers in RMB for U.S. dollars, set forth in the H.10 weekly statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board of the United States as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Board of New York. These convenience translations should be treated as supplementary information and has not been prepared in compliance with IFRS.
Revenue was RMB 2,260,505,000 (US$ 346,438,000) for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to revenue of RMB 2,449,202,000 for the S/P Combined period ended December 31, 2019. The decrease was due to an overall decrease in patient volume and the number of procedures performed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in the first half of 2020. We intend to recover our revenue growth through increased market penetration in existing facilities as well as expansion efforts, both by investing in new expansion facilities and expanding its current facilities in both the tier one and tier two cities.
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Impact of COVID-19
The Company’s business has been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with outpatient volume and inpatient admissions dropping 58% yoy and 19% yoy, respectively, in February 2020. The decrease in volume was largely a result of the countrywide shutdown of businesses and movement across China due to the pandemic. In addition, various government preventive measures also had negative impacts on the Company’s business, including 1) temporary suspensions of certain non-emergency services such as dentistry and temporary closure of a number of outpatient clinics, 2) increased border controls, which resulted in fewer expatriate patients, and 3) temporary suspension of multi-site practice for physicians in a number of cities. Starting from the second quarter of 2020, the Company has seen a steady rebound in both outpatient visits and inpatient admissions across the UFH network, with a shift in patient mix that strong growth in Chinese patient population due to closure of international borders and other travel restrictions within China. However, total outpatient admissions and inpatient admissions still declined by 17.3% yoy and 19.5% yoy, respectively, and revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased by 7.7% to RMB2,260.5 million from RMB2,449.2 million. The Company has implemented permanent and temporary cost savings initiatives, including restructuring at corporate headquarters to reduce administrative headcount by approximately 50 positions or 28% to improve administrative and operating efficiencies, and voluntary pay reduction ranging from 20% to 30% temporarily from the second quarter to end of 2020. Taking into consideration certain temporary government incentive policies on social security and certain rent reductions, the Company has narrowed its operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2020 by RMB137.4 million to RMB 78.4 million from RMB 215.8 million in the prior year. Net loss decreased to RMB531.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 from RMB466.3 million in the prior year, mainly due to an increased loss in change in fair value of warrants by RMB 105.1 million, an RMB 101.6 million increase in finance costs relating to the Senior Secured Term Loan from the business combination, offset by the RMB 157.0 million decrease in transaction costs.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) requires management to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Because of the use of estimates inherent in the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates. Areas in which significant judgments and estimates are used are listed below:
Revenue Recognition
Revenue from contracts with customers
Revenues are recognized when our obligation to provide healthcare services is satisfied. The contractual relationships with patients, in majority of the cases, also involve a third-party insurance company payor.
For inpatient services, the patients receive treatments that include various components that are all highly interdependent, and therefore, are regarded as one performance obligation. The performance obligation is satisfied over time as the patient simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the inpatient services provided. We have a right to consideration from our patients in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the patient of the Group’s performance completed to date (calculated based on fixed pre-determined treatment prescriptions). Therefore, revenue for inpatient services are recognized in the amount to which we have a right to invoice on a daily basis.
Revenue for outpatient services is recognized at a point in time because the performance obligations are generally satisfied over a period of less than one day.
Others
Revenue from goods such as gift shop merchandise, and food and beverage items are recognized at a point in time, generally upon delivery of the goods to the customer. Revenue from services such as hospital management consulting and training services, and matron services is recognized on a straight-line basis because the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by us evenly throughout the performance period.
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Business combinations and goodwill
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred is measured at the acquisition date fair value which is the sum of the acquisition date fair values of assets transferred by us, liabilities assumed by us to the former owners of the acquiree and the equity interests issued by us in exchange for control of the acquiree. For each business combination, we elect whether to measure the non-controlling interests in the acquiree that are present ownership interests and entitle their holders to a proportionate share of net assets in the event of liquidation at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. All other components of non-controlling interests are measured at fair value. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred.
We determine that we have acquired a business when the acquired set of activities and assets includes an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs.
When we acquire a business, we assess the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as at the acquisition date.
Goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognized for non-controlling interests over the identifiable net assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired. We perform annual impairment test of goodwill as at December 31. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of our cash-generating units (“CGU”), or groups of CGUs, that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of ours are assigned to those units or groups of units.
Impairment is determined by assessing the recoverable amount of the CGU (group of CGUs) to which the goodwill relates. Where the recoverable amount of the CGU (group of CGUs) is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized. An impairment loss recognized for goodwill is not reversed in a subsequent period.
Where goodwill has been allocated to a CGU (or group of CGUs) and part of the operation within that unit is disposed of, the goodwill associated with the operation disposed of is included in the carrying amount of the operation when determining the gain or loss on the disposal. Goodwill disposed of in these circumstances is measured based on the relative value of the operation disposed of and the portion of the cash-generating unit retained.
Leases (applicable from 1 January 2019)
We assess at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
As a lessee
We apply a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. We recognize lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.
At inception or on reassessment of a contract that contains a lease component and non-lease component(s), we adopt the practical expedient not to separate non-lease component(s) and to account for the lease component and the associated non-lease component(s) (e.g., property management services for leases of properties) as a single lease component.
(a) Right-of-use assets
Right-of-use assets are recognized at the commencement date of the lease (that is the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognized, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease terms and the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are 2-20 years.
(b) Lease liabilities
Lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by us and payments of penalties for termination of a lease, if the lease term reflects that we exercise the option to terminate the lease. The variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognized as an expense in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.
In calculating the present value of lease payments, we use our incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in lease payments (e.g., a change to future lease payments resulting from a change in an index or rate) or a change in assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset.
(c) Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets
We apply the short-term lease recognition exemption to our short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option. When we enter into a lease in respect of a low-value asset, we decide whether to capitalize the lease on a lease-by-lease basis.
Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Leases (applicable before 1 January 2019)
Leases where substantially all the rewards and risks of ownership of assets remain with the lessor are accounted for as operating leases. Where we are the lessee, rentals payable under operating leases net of any incentives received from the lessor are charged to profit or loss on the straight-line basis over the lease terms.
Share-based payments
Prior to the Closing Date, Healthy Harmony operated a share-based compensation scheme for the purpose of providing incentives and rewards to eligible participants who contributed to the success of Healthy Harmony’s operations. Employees (including directors) of Healthy Harmony received remuneration in the form of options and restricted share units (“RSUs”) (collectively the “Partnership Awards”), whereby employees rendered services as consideration for equity instruments (“equity-settled transactions”). In connection with the Closing of the Business Combination, each vested and unvested Partnership Award that was outstanding immediately prior to the Closing was converted into and became an award to purchase the Company’s ordinary shares (the “NFH Award”). For details of the terms and conditions, please refer to Note 22 to our consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere herein. At the Closing Date, the fair value of the replacement awards (i.e. the NFH Awards) and the original awards (i.e. the Partnership Awards) were determined in accordance with IFRS 2 – Share-based Payment (“IFRS 2”).
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The cost of equity-settled transactions with employees is measured by reference to the fair value at the date on which it was granted. The fair value is determined by an external valuer using a binomial model.
The cost of equity-settled transactions is recognized as employee benefit expense, together with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled.
The cumulative expense recognized for equity-settled transactions at the end of each reporting period until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and our best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The charge or credit to profit or loss for a period represents the movement in the cumulative expense recognized as at the beginning and end of that period.
Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of our best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value. Any other conditions attached to an award, but without an associated service requirement, are considered to be non-vesting conditions. Non-vesting conditions are reflected in the fair value of an award and lead to an immediate expensing of an award unless there are also service and/or performance conditions.
No expense is recognized for awards that do not ultimately vest because non-market performance and/or service conditions are not met. Where awards include a market or non-vesting condition, the transactions are treated as vesting irrespective of whether the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and/or service conditions are satisfied.
Where the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, as a minimum an expense is recognized as if the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. In addition, an expense is recognized for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payments, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification.
Where an equity-settled award is cancelled, it is treated as if it had vested on the date of cancellation, and any expense not yet recognised for the award is recognised immediately through profit and loss. However, if a new award is substituted for the cancelled award, and is designated as a replacement award on the date that it is granted, the cancelled and new awards are treated as if they were a modification of the original award, as described in the previous paragraph.
The amount of NFH Awards attributed to pre-combination service (and therefore included as part of the consideration transferred for the business) is determined by multiplying the fair value of the Partnership Award by the ratio of the vesting period completed as at the Closing Date. The ratio of the vesting period completed was calculated by dividing the number of days the original Partnership Award had vested as at the Closing Date by the greater of:
| · | the total vesting period in days, as determined at the Closing Date (being the period required to satisfy all vesting conditions, including conditions added to, or removed from, of the original Partnership Award by the NFH Award); or |
| · | the original vesting period in days. |
There were no conditions added to, or removed from, of the original Partnership Award by the NFH Award.
Therefore, the original vesting period was used to calculate the ratio of the vesting period completed.
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Any excess of the fair value of the replacement award over the amount determined above (referred to hereinafter as “Incremental Compensation”) is recognized as a post-combination remuneration expense, in accordance with the normal principles of IFRS 2.
The dilutive effect, if any, of the NFH Awards are reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
Fair value measurement
We measure warrant liabilities at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either in the principal market for the asset or liability, or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by us. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
We use valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
Level 1 – based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 – based on valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is observable, either directly or indirectly
Level 3 – based on valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable
For liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, we determine whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
Financial liabilities
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.
All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
Our financial liabilities include trade and other payables, amounts due to related parties, lease liabilities, warrant liabilities and interest-bearing bank borrowings.
Subsequent measurement
The subsequent measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification as follows:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.
Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss are designated at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in IFRS 9 are satisfied. Gains or losses on liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in profit or loss. The net fair value gain or loss recognised in profit or loss does not include any interest charged on these financial liabilities.
Financial liabilities at amortised cost
After initial recognition, interest-bearing bank borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost, using the EIR method unless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortization process.
Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included in finance costs in profit or loss.
Interest-bearing bank borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless we have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the end of the reporting period.
Derecognition
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.
When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between the respective carrying amounts is recognized in profit or loss.
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Impairment of non-financial assets
Where an indication of impairment exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required (other than inventories and financial assets), the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of the asset’s or CGU’s value in use and its fair value less costs of disposal, and is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets, in which case the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs.
An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. We base our impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are presented separately for each of our CGUs to which individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. A long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. An impairment loss is charged to profit or loss in the period in which it arises.
For assets except for goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets, an assessment is made at the end of each reporting period as to whether there is an indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such an indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset or CGU is estimated. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount of that asset, but not to an amount higher than the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any depreciation/amortization) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. A reversal of such an impairment loss is credited to profit or loss in the period in which it arises.
Operating segment information
Predecessor periods
IFRS 8 – Operating Segments requires operating segments to be identified on the basis of internal reporting about components that are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision-maker (the “CODM”) in order to allocate resources to segments and to assess their performance. The information reported to the board of directors of Healthy Harmony, which had been identified as the CODM, for the purpose of resource allocation and assessment of performance did not contain discrete operating segment financial information and the board of directors reviewed the financial results as a whole. Therefore, no further information about the operating segment was presented for the Predecessor periods.
Successor periods
For management purposes, we are organized into business units based on the stage of development, services and geographic location, and have three reportable operating segments as follows:
(a) Operating assets - Tier 1 segment mainly consists of our existing general hospitals and satellite clinics located in tier 1 cities in China, such as Beijing and Shanghai, in the PRC.
(b) Operating assets - Tier 2 and other assets segment mainly consists of our existing general hospitals and clinics located in tier 2 cities, such as Tianjin and Qingdao, in the PRC and the specialized healthcare facilities, such as the rehabilitation hospital.
(c) Expansion assets segment mainly consists of our expansion projects and new healthcare facilities opened in recent years.
59
Management monitors the results of our operating segments separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on adjusted operating segment earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”). Information reported to the CODM, which was identified as the executive committee of the board of directors, for the purposes of resources allocation and performance assessment does not include any assets and liabilities. Accordingly, no segment assets and liabilities are presented.
Intersegment sales and transfers are transacted with reference to the selling prices used for sales made to third parties at the then prevailing market prices.
Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards
We have adopted the IFRS since September 29, 2014. Therefore, our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020 have been prepared in compliance with IFRS.
All IFRSs effective for the accounting period commencing from January 1, 2018, including IFRS 15 — Revenue from Contracts with Customers and IFRS 9 — Financial Instruments, together with the relevant transitional provisions, have been consistently applied by the Predecessor and Successor in the preparation of the financial statements throughout the periods presented. A number of new and revised IFRS standards, including IFRS 16 — Leases became effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. For further details, please see Note 2.2 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.
Foreign Currency Exchange and Impact of Inflation
We generate 100% of our revenue and incur approximately 98% of our expenses in RMB within China, however, a portion of our earnings is typically transferred from China and converted into USD or other currencies to pay certain of these expenses. RMB are not freely traded and is closely controlled by the Chinese government. The USD is freely traded and has recently experienced volatility in world markets. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the RMB appreciated approximately 6.5% against the USD, resulting in net exchange rate losses to us of RMB 49,389,000.
As part of its risk management program, we perform sensitivity analyses to assess potential changes in revenue, operating results, cash flows and financial position relating to hypothetical movements in currency exchange rates. Our sensitivity analysis of changes in the fair value of the RMB to the USD at December 31, 2020 indicated that if the RMB increased or decreased in value by 1% relative to the USD, with all other variables held constant, our pre-tax loss for the year ended December 31, 2020 would have been RMB 10,620,000 lower or higher, respectively.
According to China’s National Bureau of Statistics, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2019, and 2020, the consumer price index in China, was 2.1%, 2.9% and 2.5%, respectively. Neither deflation nor inflation has had a significant impact on our results of operations in these years.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the periods indicated. This information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. The operating results in any period are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any future period.
(in thousands)
| Predecessor | Successor | S/P Combined (non-IFRS) | Successor | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31 2018 | Period from January 1 to December 18 2019 | Period from December 19 to December 31 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Restated) | (Restated) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | US$ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | 2,058,779 | 2,369,167 | 80,035 | 2,449,202 | 2,260,505 | 346,438 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salaries, wages and benefits | 1,187,738 | 1,346,478 | 79,215 | 1,425,693 | 1,186,715 | 181,872 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplies and purchased medical services | 303,579 | 381,954 | 18,241 | 400,195 | 420,393 | 64,428 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | 138,639 | 329,453 | 14,931 | 344,384 | 425,160 | 65,159 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lease and rental expenses | 201,670 | 13,167 | 739 | 13,906 | 2,508 | 384 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Bad debt expense | 16,329 | 6,512 | 528 | 7,040 | 7,378 | 1,131 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses | 287,128 | 308,005 | 165,776 | 473,781 | 296,757 | 45,480 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Expense total | 2,135,083 | 2,385,569 | 279,430 | 2,664,999 | 2,338,911 | 358,454 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Operating loss | (76,304 | ) | (16,402 | ) | (199,395 | ) | (215,797 | ) | (78,406 | ) | (12,016 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Finance income | (2,543 | ) | (2,127 | ) | (779 | ) | (2,906 | ) | (2,727 | ) | (418 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Finance costs | 19,420 | 132,730 | 29,503 | 162,233 | 263,810 | 40,431 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency loss | 34,190 | 13,120 | 2,641 | 15,761 | 49,389 | 7,569 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on disposal of subsidiaries | — | — | — | — | (3,558 | ) | (545 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Gain on liquidation of a foreign operation | (26,429 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | — | — | 7,592 | 7,592 | 112,729 | 17,276 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income)/loss, net | (6,645 | ) | (171 | ) | 5,798 | 5,627 | 6,097 | 934 | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (94,297 | ) | (159,954 | ) | (244,150 | ) | (404,104 | ) | (504,146 | ) | (77,263 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Income tax (expense)/benefit | (59,749 | ) | (68,424 | ) | 6,261 | (62,163 | ) | (27,708 | ) | (4,246 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Loss for the year | (154,046 | ) | (228,378 | ) | (237,889 | ) | (466,267 | ) | (531,854 | ) | (81,509 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Attributable to | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owners of the parent | (129,998 | ) | (200,441 | ) | (236,497 | ) | (436,938 | ) | (505,570 | ) | (77,482 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Non-controlling interests | (24,048 | ) | (27,937 | ) | (1,392 | ) | (29,329 | ) | (26,284 | ) | (4,028 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Items to be reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods (net of tax): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liquidation of a foreign operation | (26,429 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Currency translation differences | 24,270 | 7,934 | 2,811 | 10,745 | 61,914 | 9,489 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive (loss)/income for the year, net of tax | (2,159 | ) | 7,934 | 2,811 | 10,745 | 61,914 | 9,849 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive loss for the year | (156,205 | ) | (220,444 | ) | (235,078 | ) | (455,522 | ) | (469,940 | ) | (72,020 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Attributable to | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owners of the parent | (132,157 | ) | (192,507 | ) | (233,686 | ) | (426,193 | ) | (443,656 | ) | (67,993 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Non-controlling interests | (24,048 | ) | (27,937 | ) | (1,392 | ) | (29,329 | ) | (26,284 | ) | (4,027 | ) | ||||||||||||
Non-IFRS Measures
The discussion and analysis includes certain measures, including adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA (before IFRS 16 adoption) which have not been prepared in accordance with IFRS. These measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and are therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. These measures should be considered as supplemental in nature and not as a substitute for the related financial information prepared in accordance with IFRS. Adjusted EBITDA, is calculated as net loss plus (i) depreciation and amortization, (ii) finance costs/(income), (iii) foreign exchange loss, (iv) other expenses (such as share based compensation), (v) change in fair value of warrant liabilities, (vi) provision for income taxes, as further adjusted for (vii) discontinued monitoring fees paid to certain shareholders prior to the Business Combination, (viii) transaction related costs, (ix) relocation costs of New Puxi Hospital, and (x) severance costs as a result of the restructuring process mainly in corporate headquarters since the second quarter of 2020. We use Adjusted EBITDA in evaluating our operating results and for financial and operational decision-making purposes for the year ended December 31, 2018.
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UFH has adopted IFRS 16 on January 1, 2019, and recognized lease liabilities and corresponding “right-of-use” assets for all applicable leases, and recognized interest expense accrued on the outstanding balance of the lease liabilities and depreciation of right-of-use assets. As a result, the adoption of IFRS 16 has caused depreciation and amortization and finance costs to increase in 2019 and 2020, and excluded all applicable lease expenses in adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA (before IFRS 16 adoption), is further calculated as Adjusted EBITDA less lease expense adjustment as a result of adoption of IFRS 16. We use Adjusted EBITDA (before IFRS 16 adoption) in evaluating our operating results and for financial and operational decision-making purposes for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA (before IFRS 16 adoption) helps compare our performance over various reporting periods on a consistent basis by removing from operating results the impact of items that do not reflect core operating performance, and helps identify underlying operating results and trends.
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of our net income to Adjusted EBITDA for the Predecessor and Successor Periods:
| Predecessor | Successor | S/P Combined (non-IFRS) | Successor | |||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31 2018 | Period from January 1 to December 18 2019 | Period from December 19 to December 31 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
| (Restated) | (Restated) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | US$ | |||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | (154,046 | ) | (228,378 | ) | (237,889 | ) | (466,267 | ) | (531,854 | ) | (81,509 | ) | ||||||||||
| Less: Finance income | (2,543 | ) | (2,127 | ) | (779 | ) | (2,906 | ) | (2,727 | ) | (418 | ) | ||||||||||
| Add: Finance costs | 19,420 | 132,730 | 29,503 | 162,233 | 263,810 | 40,431 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Foreign exchange loss | 34,190 | 13,120 | 2,641 | 15,761 | 49,389 | 7,569 | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Gain on liquidation of a foreign operation | (26,429 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Less: Gain on disposal of subsidiaries | — | — | — | — | (3,558 | ) | (545 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Add: Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | — | — | 7,592 | 7,592 | 112,729 | 17,276 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Other (income)/loss , net | (6,645 | ) | (171 | ) | 5,798 | 5,627 | 6,097 | 934 | ||||||||||||||
| Add: Income tax expense/(benefit) | 59,749 | 68,424 | (6,261 | ) | 62,163 | 27,708 | 4,246 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating loss | (76,304 | ) | (16,402 | ) | (199,395 | ) | (215,797 | ) | (78,406 | ) | (12,016 | ) | ||||||||||
| Add: Share-based compensation | 18,418 | 34,403 | 10,513 | 44,916 | 692 | 106 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Depreciation and amortization | 138,639 | 329,453 | 14,931 | 344,384 | 425,160 | 65,159 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Monitoring fee payable to Fosun and TPG | 3,637 | 3,797 | — | 3,797 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Transaction related costs | — | (1,178 | ) | 165,842 | 164,664 | 7,609 | 1,166 | |||||||||||||||
| Add: Severance costs | — | — | — | — | 13,272 | 2,034 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Relocation costs of new PXU | — | — | 6,340 | 6,340 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Other unallocated costs | — | 297 | 325 | 622 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | 84,390 | 350,370 | (1,444 | ) | 348,926 | 368,327 | 56,449 | |||||||||||||||
For year ended December 31, 2020, leases in accordance with IFRS 16 for are included in (i) depreciation and amortization and (ii) finance expense of RMB 156,999,000 and RMB 102,382,000 respectively. Adjusted EBITDA is RMB 166,695,000 if restoring the rent expense under IAS 17 with the amount of RMB 201,632,000.
For 2019 S/P Combined Period, leases in accordance with IFRS 16 for are included in (i) depreciation and amortization and (ii) finance expense of RMB 144,792,000 and RMB 106,238,000 respectively. Adjusted EBITDA is RMB 143,863,000 if restoring the rent expense under IAS 17 with the amount of RMB 205,063,000.
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of our segment profit to Adjusted EBITDA to net income for the year ended December 31, 2020.
| Year Ended December 31 2020 | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating assets_Tier 1 | Operating assets - Tier 2 and other assets | Expansion assets | Total | |||||||||||||
| RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | |||||||||||||
| Segment results | 455,990 | 17,414 | (1,314 | ) | 472,090 | |||||||||||
| Less: Segment lease expense adjustment as a result of adoption of IFRS 16 | (90,133 | ) | (20,899 | ) | (85,327 | ) | (196,359 | ) | ||||||||
| Add: Severance costs | 2,684 | 850 | 773 | 4,307 | ||||||||||||
| Add: Intersegment costs | 2,948 | 2,920 | 711 | 6,579 | ||||||||||||
| Elimination | (6,579 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA (before IFRS 16 Adoption) | 371,489 | 285 | (85,157 | ) | 280,038 | |||||||||||
| Add: Unallocated costs - severance related | - | - | - | 8,965 | ||||||||||||
| Less: Unallocated costs - others | (122,308 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total Adjusted EBITDA (before IFRS 16 Adoption) | 166,695 | |||||||||||||||
| Add: Lease expense adjustment as a result of adoption of IFRS 16 | 201,632 | |||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | 368,327 | |||||||||||||||
| Less: Share-based compensation | (692 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Depreciation and amortization | (425,160 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Transaction related costs | (7,609 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Severance costs | (13,272 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Operating loss | (78,406 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Add: Finance income | 2,727 | |||||||||||||||
| Less: Finance costs | (263,810 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Foreign exchange loss | (49,389 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Add: Gain on disposal of subsidiaries | 3,558 | |||||||||||||||
| Less: Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | (112,729 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Other loss, net | (6,097 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Income tax expense | (27,708 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Net loss | (531,854 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Revenue
Year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 2019 S/P Combined Period
The following table sets forth the principal components of our revenue, both as absolute amounts and as percentages of total revenue, and year-over-year changes, for the periods indicated.
| Successor | Predecessor | S/P Combined (non-IFRS) | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | Year Ended December 31 2020 | Period from December 19 to December 31 2019 | Period from January 1 to December 18 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2019 | 2020 vs 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RMB | % of Revenue | RMB | % of Revenue | RMB | % of Revenue | RMB | % of Revenue | RMB | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Healthcare services | 2,236,394 | 98.9 | % | 79,118 | 98.9 | % | 2,350,210 | 99.2 | % | 2,429,328 | 99.2 | % | -192,934 | -7.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Others | 24,111 | 1.1 | % | 917 | 1.1 | % | 18,957 | 0.8 | % | 19,874 | 0.8 | % | 4,237 | 21.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | 2,260,505 | 100.0 | % | 80,035 | 100.0 | % | 2,369,167 | 100.0 | % | 2,449,202 | 100.0 | % | -188,697 | -7.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
The decrease in total revenue in the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily due to decreased patient volume as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The table below presents our revenue by segment for the year ended December 31, 2020:
| Year Ended December 31 2020 | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating assets_Tier 1 | Operating assets - Tier 2 and other assets | Expansion assets | Total | |||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | ||||||||||||
| Healthcare services | 1,590,141 | 299,724 | 346,529 | 2,236,394 | ||||||||||||
| Others | 5,963 | 3,222 | 14,926 | 24,111 | ||||||||||||
| Total revenue | 1,596,104 | 302,946 | 361,455 | 2,260,505 | ||||||||||||
Healthcare Services
Healthcare services revenue was RMB 2,236,394,000 and RMB 2,429,328,000, representing 98.9% and 99.2% of total revenue for year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 S/P Combined Period, respectively.
The table below identifies the relative contribution of inpatient and outpatient services to healthcare services revenue for 2020 and 2019.
| Successor | Predecessor | S/P Combined (non-IFRS) | ||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31 2020 | Period from December 19 to December 31 2019 | Period from January 1 to December 18 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2019 | |||||||||||||
| Inpatient/Outpatient revenue percentages | ||||||||||||||||
| Inpatient services as percent of healthcare services revenue | 38.3 | % | 34.3 | % | 38.2 | % | 38.1 | % | ||||||||
| Outpatient services as percent of healthcare services revenue | 61.7 | % | 65.7 | % | 61.8 | % | 61.9 | % | ||||||||
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The table below presents the relative contribution of inpatient and outpatient services by segment for the year ended December 31, 2020:
| Year Ended December 31 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Operating assets_Tier 1 | Operating assets - Tier 2 and other assets | Expansion assets | ||||||||||
| Inpatient/Outpatient revenue percentages | ||||||||||||
| Inpatient services as percent of healthcare services revenue | 35.5 | % | 47.3 | % | 43.7 | % | ||||||
| Outpatient services as percent of healthcare services revenue | 64.5 | % | 52.7 | % | 56.3 | % | ||||||
The table below identifies the primary service lines contributing to healthcare services revenue for 2020 and 2019.
| Successor | Predecessor | S/P Combined (non-IFRS) | ||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31 2020 | Period from December 19 to December 31 2019 | Period from January 1 to December 18 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2019 | |||||||||||||
| OB/GYN | 22.0 | % | 22.3 | % | 22.6 | % | 22.6 | % | ||||||||
| Pediatrics | 10.9 | % | 17.3 | % | 14.4 | % | 14.5 | % | ||||||||
| Surgery | 8.0 | % | 5.2 | % | 7.6 | % | 7.5 | % | ||||||||
| Orthopedics | 6.4 | % | 3.6 | % | 7.0 | % | 6.9 | % | ||||||||
| Family Medicine | 11.2 | % | 9.2 | % | 10.4 | % | 10.4 | % | ||||||||
| Internal Medicine | 6.7 | % | 6.0 | % | 8.4 | % | 8.3 | % | ||||||||
| Emergency Room | 9.7 | % | 7.5 | % | 6.8 | % | 6.8 | % | ||||||||
| Dental | 4.5 | % | 4.2 | % | 4.5 | % | 4.5 | % | ||||||||
| Postpartum Rehabilitation | 5.5 | % | 9.2 | % | 4.7 | % | 4.9 | % | ||||||||
| All other services | 15.1 | % | 15.5 | % | 13.6 | % | 13.6 | % | ||||||||
| 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
The table below presents the primary service lines contributing to healthcare services revenue by the year ended December 31, 2020:
| Year Ended December 31 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Operating assets_Tier 1 | Operating assets - Tier 2 and other assets | Expansion assets | ||||||||||
| OB/GYN | 21.6 | % | 16.7 | % | 28.5 | % | ||||||
| Pediatrics | 10.0 | % | 13.0 | % | 13.2 | % | ||||||
| Surgery | 9.6 | % | 2.8 | % | 5.6 | % | ||||||
| Orthopedics | 8.8 | % | 0.6 | % | 0.8 | % | ||||||
| Family Medicine | 10.5 | % | 15.5 | % | 10.7 | % | ||||||
| Internal Medicine | 7.9 | % | 3.3 | % | 3.8 | % | ||||||
| Emergency Room | 11.6 | % | 4.2 | % | 5.3 | % | ||||||
| Dental | 5.0 | % | 2.9 | % | 3.7 | % | ||||||
| Postpartum Rehabilitation | 1.2 | % | 17.9 | % | 14.7 | % | ||||||
| All other services | 13.8 | % | 23.1 | % | 13.7 | % | ||||||
| 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||||
The table below sets forth certain key operating metrics of our healthcare services for 2020 and 2019.
| Successor | Predecessor | S/P Combined (non-IFRS) | ||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31 2020 | Period from December 19 to December 31 2019 | Period from January 1 to December 18 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2019 | |||||||||||||
| Outpatient | ||||||||||||||||
| Outpatient visits | 522,969 | 23,195 | 609,469 | 632,664 | ||||||||||||
| Revenue per Outpatient visit (RMB) | 2,638 | 2,240 | 2,383 | 2,377 | ||||||||||||
| Inpatient | ||||||||||||||||
| Inpatient admissions | 8,699 | 365 | 10,440 | 10,805 | ||||||||||||
| Revenue per Inpatient admission (RMB) | 98,511 | 74,400 | 86,026 | 85,633 | ||||||||||||
| Bed Utilization %* | 33.3 | % | 39.7 | % | 38.1 | % | 38.3 | % | ||||||||
The table below presents the certain key operating metrics by segment for the year ended December 31, 2020:
| Year Ended December 31 2020 | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating assets_Tier 1 | Operating assets - Tier 2 and other assets | Expansion assets | Total | |||||||||||||
| Outpatient | ||||||||||||||||
| Outpatient visits | 372,355 | 73,577 | 77,037 | 522,969 | ||||||||||||
| Revenue per Outpatient visit (RMB) | 2,756 | 2,146 | 2,534 | 2,638 | ||||||||||||
| Inpatient | ||||||||||||||||
| Inpatient admissions | 5,150 | 1,818 | 1,731 | 8,699 | ||||||||||||
| Revenue per Inpatient admission (RMB) | 109,478 | 78,015 | 87,410 | 98,511 | ||||||||||||
| Bed Utilization %* | 38.7 | % | 34.4 | % | 27.3 | % | 33.3 | % | ||||||||
* Bed utilization is calculated based on the maximum bed capacity as of the end of respective period.
Healthcare services revenue decreased by RMB 192,934,000, or 7.9%, to RMB 2,236,394,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to RMB 2,429,328,000 for the prior year period, which was primarily due to the decrease in the number of inpatient admissions and outpatient visits.
2019 S/P Combined Period compared to 2018 Predecessor Period
The following table sets forth the principal components of our revenue, both as absolute amounts and as percentages of total revenue, and year-over-year changes, for the periods indicated.
| Successor | Predecessor | S/P Combined (non-IFRS) | Predecessor | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Period from December 19 to December 31 2019 | Period from January 1 to December 18 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2018 | 2019 vs 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | RMB | % of Revenue | RMB | % of Revenue | RMB | % of Revenue | RMB | % of Revenue | RMB | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Healthcare services | 79,118 | 98.9 | % | 2,350,210 | 99.2 | % | 2,429,328 | 99.2 | % | 2,045,013 | 99.3 | % | 384,315 | 18.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Others | 917 | 1.1 | % | 18,957 | 0.8 | % | 19,874 | 0.8 | % | 13,766 | 0.7 | % | 6,108 | 44.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | 80,035 | 100.0 | % | 2,369,167 | 100.0 | % | 2,449,202 | 100.0 | % | 2,058,779 | 100.0 | % | 390,423 | 19.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
The increase in total revenue in 2019 S/P Combined Period was primarily driven by the growth in both operating assets and expansion assets.
The table below presents our revenue by segment for the 2019 Successor Period:
| 2019 Successor Period | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating Assets - Tier 1 | Operating Assets - Tier 2 and Other Assets | Expansion Assets | Total | |||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | ||||||||||||
| Healthcare services | 54,330 | 14,179 | 10,609 | 79,118 | ||||||||||||
| Others | 445 | 344 | 128 | 917 | ||||||||||||
| Total revenue | 54,775 | 14,523 | 10,737 | 80,035 | ||||||||||||
62
Healthcare Services
Healthcare services revenue was RMB 2,045,013,000 and RMB 2,429,328,000, representing 99.3% and 99.2% of total revenue for 2018 Predecessor Period and the 2019 S/P Combined Period respectively.
The table below identifies the relative contribution of inpatient and outpatient services to healthcare services revenue for 2019 and 2018.
| Successor | Predecessor | S/P Combined (non-IFRS) | Predecessor | |||||||||||||
| Period from December 19 to December 31 2019 | Period from January 1 to December 18 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2018 | |||||||||||||
| Inpatient/Outpatient revenue percentages | ||||||||||||||||
| Inpatient services as percent of healthcare services revenue | 34.3 | % | 38.2 | % | 38.1 | % | 37.1 | % | ||||||||
| Outpatient services as percent of healthcare services revenue | 65.7 | % | 61.8 | % | 61.9 | % | 62.9 | % | ||||||||
The table below presents the relative contribution of inpatient and outpatient services by segment for the 2019 Successor Period:
| 2019 Successor Period | ||||||||||||
| Operating Assets - Tier 1 | Operating Assets - Tier 2 and Other Assets | Expansion Assets | ||||||||||
| Inpatient/Outpatient revenue percentages | 29.9 | % | 44.8 | % | 43.2 | % | ||||||
| Inpatient services as percent of healthcare services revenue | ||||||||||||
| Outpatient services as percent of healthcare services revenue | 70.1 | % | 55.2 | % | 56.8 | % | ||||||
The table below identifies the primary service lines contributing to healthcare services revenue for 2019 and 2018.
| Successor | Predecessor | S/P Combined (non-IFRS) | Predecessor | |||||||||||||
| Period from December 19 to December 31 2019 | Period from January 1 to December 18 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2018 | |||||||||||||
| OB/GYN | 22.3 | % | 22.6 | % | 22.6 | % | 22.9 | % | ||||||||
| Pediatrics | 17.3 | % | 14.4 | % | 14.5 | % | 15.8 | % | ||||||||
| Surgery | 5.2 | % | 7.6 | % | 7.5 | % | 8.2 | % | ||||||||
| Orthopedics | 3.6 | % | 7.0 | % | 6.9 | % | 7.1 | % | ||||||||
| Family Medicine | 9.2 | % | 10.4 | % | 10.4 | % | 9.2 | % | ||||||||
| Internal Medicine | 6.0 | % | 8.4 | % | 8.3 | % | 8.1 | % | ||||||||
| Emergency Room | 7.5 | % | 6.8 | % | 6.8 | % | 6.8 | % | ||||||||
| Dental | 4.2 | % | 4.5 | % | 4.5 | % | 4.5 | % | ||||||||
| Postpartum Rehabilitation | 9.2 | % | 4.7 | % | 4.9 | % | 3.5 | % | ||||||||
| All other services | 15.5 | % | 13.6 | % | 13.6 | % | 13.9 | % | ||||||||
| 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
63
The table below presents the primary service lines contributing to healthcare services revenue by segment for the 2019 Successor Period:
| 2019 Successor Period | ||||||||||||
| Operating Assets - Tier 1 | Operating Assets - Tier 2 and Other Assets | Expansion Assets | ||||||||||
| OB/GYN | 22.3 | % | 19.6 | % | 26.1 | % | ||||||
| Pediatrics | 16.5 | % | 21.6 | % | 15.7 | % | ||||||
| Surgery | 6.5 | % | 1.0 | % | 4.1 | % | ||||||
| Orthopedics | 4.8 | % | 0.7 | % | 1.3 | % | ||||||
| Family Medicine | 8.0 | % | 11.9 | % | 11.3 | % | ||||||
| Internal Medicine | 9.2 | % | 0.7 | % | 2.5 | % | ||||||
| Emergency Room | 8.4 | % | 5.0 | % | 6.5 | % | ||||||
| Dental | 5.1 | % | 2.0 | % | 3.1 | % | ||||||
| Postpartum Rehabilitation | 0.8 | % | 33.4 | % | 20.0 | % | ||||||
| All other services | 18.4 | % | 4.1 | % | 9.4 | % | ||||||
| 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||||
The table below sets forth certain key operating metrics of our healthcare services for 2019 and 2018.
| Successor | Predecessor | S/P Combined (non-IFRS) | Predecessor | |||||||||||||
| Period from December 19 to December 31 2019 | Period from January 1 to December 18 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2018 | |||||||||||||
| Outpatient | ||||||||||||||||
| Outpatient visits | 23,195 | 609,469 | 632,664 | 570,957 | ||||||||||||
| Revenue per Outpatient visit (RMB) | 2,240 | 2,383 | 2,377 | 2,252 | ||||||||||||
| Inpatient | ||||||||||||||||
| Inpatient admissions | 365 | 10,440 | 10,805 | 8,849 | ||||||||||||
| Revenue per Inpatient admission (RMB) | 74,400 | 86,026 | 85,633 | 85,813 | ||||||||||||
| Bed Utilization %* | 39.7 | % | 38.1 | % | 38.3 | % | 29.3 | % | ||||||||
The table below presents the certain key operating metrics by segment for the 2019 Successor Period:
| Successor | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating Assets - Tier 1 | Operating Assets - Tier 2 and Other Assets | Expansion Assets | Total | |||||||||||||
| Outpatient | ||||||||||||||||
| Outpatient visits | 16,878 | 3,437 | 2,880 | 23,195 | ||||||||||||
| Revenue per Outpatient visit (RMB) | 2,258 | 2,277 | 2,092 | 2,240 | ||||||||||||
| Inpatient | ||||||||||||||||
| Inpatient admissions | 224 | 85 | 56 | 365 | ||||||||||||
| Revenue per Inpatient admission (RMB) | 72,404 | 74,737 | 81,874 | 74,400 | ||||||||||||
| Bed Utilization %* | 39.5 | % | 49.7 | % | 28.2 | % | 39.7 | % | ||||||||
* Bed utilization is calculated based on the maximum bed capacity as of the end of respective period.
Healthcare services revenue increased by RMB 384,315,000, or 18.8%, to RMB 2,429,328,000 for the 2019 S/P Combined Period as compared to RMB2,045,013,000 for the 2018 Predecessor Period, which was primarily driven by an increase in the number of inpatient admissions and outpatient visits.
Operating expenses
Year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 2019 S/P Combined Period
| Successor | Predecessor | S/P Combined (non-IFRS) | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31 2020 | Period from December 19 to December 31 2019 | Period from 1 January to 18 December 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2019 | 2020 vs 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RMB | % of Revenue | RMB | % of Revenue | RMB | % of Revenue | RMB | % of Revenue | RMB | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salaries, wages and benefits | 1,186,715 | 52.5 | % | 79,215 | 99 | % | 1,346,478 | 56.8 | % | 1,425,693 | 58.2 | % | (238,978 | ) | -16.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplies and purchased medical services | 420,393 | 18.6 | % | 18,241 | 23 | % | 381,954 | 16.1 | % | 400,195 | 16.3 | % | 20,198 | 5.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 425,160 | 18.8 | % | 14,931 | 19 | % | 329,453 | 13.9 | % | 344,384 | 14.1 | % | 80,776 | 23.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease and rental expenses | 2,508 | 0.1 | % | 739 | 1 | % | 13,167 | 0.6 | % | 13,906 | 0.6 | % | (11,398 | ) | -82.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of trade receivables | 7,378 | 0.3 | % | 528 | 1 | % | 6,512 | 0.3 | % | 7,040 | 0.3 | % | 338 | 4.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses | 296,757 | 13.1 | % | 165,776 | 207 | % | 308,005 | 13.0 | % | 473,781 | 19.3 | % | (177,024 | ) | -37.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2,338,911 | 103.5 | % | 279,430 | 349 | % | 2,385,569 | 100.7 | % | 2,664,999 | 108.8 | % | -326,088 | -12 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
64
Salaries, wages and benefits expenses decreased by RMB 238,978,000, or 16.8%, to RMB 1,186,715,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to RMB 1,425,693,000 for the prior year period, and decreased as a percentage of total revenue, to 52.5% in 2020 as compared to 58.2% in the prior year period. This was primarily due to the implementation of cost-saving initiatives, including voluntary pay reductions at headquarters, utilization of employee leave, and a reduction in social insurance and benefits expenses, as a result of government policies during the pandemic, despite increased service needs as evidenced by the significant revenue growth resulting from the ramp-up of new facilities such as PXU, GZU, and PDU.
Supplies and purchased medical services expenses increased by RMB 20,198,000, or 5.0%, to RMB 420,393,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to RMB 400,195,000 for the prior year period, mainly due to expansion of postpartum and vaccination related services, increased purchases of personal protective equipment, and implementation of new infection control measures at the Company’s facilities during the pandemic.
Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by RMB 80,776,000, or 23.5%, to RMB 425,160,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to RMB 344,384,000 for the prior year period, primarily due to depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and intangible assets acquired from business combinations, and the depreciation of the new, expanded PXU facility.
Lease and rental expenses decreased by RMB 11,398,000, or 82.0%, to RMB 2,508,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to RMB 13,906,000 for the prior year period, primarily due to a reduction in lease payments as a result of government policies implemented during the pandemic.
Impairment of trade receivable increased by RMB 338,000, or 4.8%, to RMB 7,378,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to RMB 7,040,000 for the prior year period, primarily due to the increase in trade receivables.
Other operating expenses decreased by RMB 177,024,000, or 37.4%, to RMB 296,757,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to RMB 473,781,000 for the prior year period, primarily due to cost-saving initiatives and a decrease in transaction costs by RMB 143,030,000.
2019 S/P Combined Period compared to 2018 Predecessor Period
| Successor | Predecessor | S/P Combined (non-IFRS) | Predecessor | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Period from December 19 to December 31 2019 | Period from 1 January to 18 December 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2018 | 2019 vs 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | RMB | % of Revenue | RMB | % of Revenue | RMB | % of Revenue | RMB | % of Revenue | RMB | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salaries, wages and benefits | 79,215 | 99 | % | 1,346,478 | 56.8 | % | 1,425,693 | 58.2 | % | 1,187,738 | 57.7 | % | 237,955 | 20.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplies and purchased medical services | 18,241 | 23 | % | 381,954 | 16.1 | % | 400,195 | 16.3 | % | 303,579 | 14.7 | % | 96,616 | 31.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 14,931 | 19 | % | 329,453 | 13.9 | % | 344,384 | 14.1 | % | 138,639 | 6.7 | % | 205,745 | 148.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease and rental expenses | 739 | 1 | % | 13,167 | 0.6 | % | 13,906 | 0.6 | % | 201,670 | 9.8 | % | (187,764 | ) | -93.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of trade receivables | 528 | 1 | % | 6,512 | 0.3 | % | 7,040 | 0.3 | % | 16,329 | 0.8 | % | (9,289 | ) | -56.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses | 165,776 | 207 | % | 308,005 | 13.0 | % | 473,781 | 19.3 | % | 287,128 | 13.9 | % | 186,653 | 65.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 279,430 | 349 | % | 2,385,569 | 100.7 | % | 2,664,999 | 108.8 | % | 2,135,083 | 103.7 | % | 529,916 | 25 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Salaries, wages and benefits expenses increased by RMB 237,955,000, or 20.0%, to RMB 1,425,693,000 for the 2019 S/P Combined Period compared to RMB 1,187,738,000 for the prior year period, and increased as a percentage of total revenue, to 58.2% in 2019 as compared to 57.7% in the prior year period. The percentage of total revenue increase mainly resulted from transaction bonuses of RMB 14,026,000 relating to business combination.
Supplies and purchased medical services expenses increased by RMB 96,616,000, or 31.8%, to RMB 400,195,000 for the 2019 S/P Combined Period compared to RMB 303,579,000 for the prior year period, mainly due to expansion of labor, delivery, recovery, postpartum and vaccination related services.
Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by RMB 205,745,000, or 148.4%, to RMB 344,384,000 for the 2019 S/P Combined Period compared to RMB 138,639,000 for the prior year period, primarily due to (i) depreciation expenses of RMB 144,687,000 recognized in S/P Combined period ended December 31, 2019 as a result of the newly adopted IFRS 16 effective from January 1, 2019 and (ii) the expansion of existing facilities and opening of new facilities in the second half of 2018, which are now being depreciated.
Lease and rental expenses decreased by RMB 187,764,000, or 93.1%, to RMB 13,906,000 for the 2019 S/P Combined Period compared to RMB 201,670,000 for the prior year period, primarily due to the adoption of IFRS 16. For more information about the changes in accounting policies and disclosures, see “Basis of preparation and changes in accounting policies and disclosures” to our consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere herein.
65
Impairment of trade receivable decreased by RMB 9,289,000, or 56.9%, to RMB 7,040,000 for the 2019 S/P Combined Period compared to RMB 16,329,000 for the prior year period, and, decreased as a percentage of total revenue, to 0.3% in 2019 as compared to 0.8% in the prior year period, primarily due to the increase of self-paying patients and the collection incentive policy applied.
Other operating expenses increased by RMB 186,653,000, or 65.0%, to RMB 473,781,000 for the 2019 S/P Combined Period compared to RMB 287,128,000 for the prior year period, primarily due to increased transaction costs and other professional fees of RMB 142,114,000, as well as increased marketing and advertising expense of RMB 10,565,000, building utilities of RMB 6,301,000, financial and legal fees of RMB 8,670,000, and other taxes of RMB 5,560,000. Other operating expenses as a percentage of total revenue for the S/P Combined period ended December 31, 2019 increased to 19.3%, as compared to 13.9% for the prior year period, which was mainly attributable to the transaction costs of RMB 150,638,000 relating to business combination.
Other expense (income)
Other expense (income) comprise mainly finance costs and income, net foreign currency gains or losses, net loss or gain arising from change in fair value of warrant liabilities, gains on disposal of investments and assets, and other non-operating expenses.
Year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 2019 S/P Combined Period
Finance costs increased by RMB 101,577,000, or 62.6%, to RMB 263,810,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to RMB 162,233,000 for the prior year period, primarily due to an increase in finance costs of the Company’s Senior Secured Term Loan.
Finance income decreased by RMB 179,000, or 6.2%, to RMB 2,727,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to RMB 2,906,000 for the prior year period, primarily due to decreased funds earning interest during the period.
Net foreign currency losses for the year ended December 31, 2020 were RMB 49,389,000 while the losses were RMB 15,761,000 for the prior period, primarily attributable to the significant fluctuation of the RMB against the USD in the respective periods.
Net loss arising from change in fair value of warrant liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2020 were RMB 112,729,000 while the net loss was RMB 7,592,000 for 2019 S/P Combined Period.
2019 S/P Combined Period compared to 2018 Predecessor Period
Finance costs increased by RMB 142,813,000, or 735.4%, to RMB 162,233,000 for the 2019 S/P Combined Period compared to RMB 19,420,000 for the prior year period, primarily due to interest expenses of RMB 106,238,000 recognized in 2019 as a result of the adoption of IFRS 16, and RMB 18,243,000 penalty accrued on early repayment of GZU’s loan from International Finance Corporation (the “IFC”).
Finance income increased by RMB 363,000, or 14.3%, to RMB 2,906,000 for the 2019 S/P Combined Period compared to RMB 2,543,000 for the prior year period, primarily due to additional funds earning interest during the period.
Net foreign currency losses for the 2019 S/P Combined Period were RMB 15,761,000 while the losses were RMB 34,190,000 for the prior period, primarily attributable to the significant fluctuation of the RMB against the USD in the respective periods.
Net loss arising from change in fair value of warrant liabilities for the 2019 Combined Period was RMB 7,592,000 in 2019 Successor period.
Income tax expense
Year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 2019 S/P Combined Period
We recorded a provision for taxes of RMB 27,708,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to a provision for taxes of RMB 62,163,000 for the prior year period. We did not recognize deferred income tax assets of RMB 278,023,000 in respect of certain of our Chinese subsidiaries’ accumulated tax losses of RMB 1,112,091,000 as of December 31, 2020, which we intend to carry forward against future taxable income and will expire between 2021 and 2025.
66
2019 S/P Combined Period compared to 2018 Predecessor Period
We recorded a provision for taxes of RMB 62,163,000 for the 2019 S/P Combined Period , compared to a provision for taxes of RMB 59,749,000 for the prior year period. We did not recognize deferred income tax assets of RMB 230,048,000 in respect of certain of our Chinese subsidiaries’ accumulated tax losses of RMB 920,192,000 as of December 31, 2019, which we intend to carry forward against future taxable income and will expire between 2020 and 2024.
Net loss
Year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 2019 S/P Combined Period
As a result of the foregoing, we had a net loss of RMB 531,854,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to a net loss of RMB 466,267,000 for the 2019 S/P Combined Period. Increased losses in the year ended December 31, 2020 mainly resulted from an increased loss in change in fair value of warrants issued by the Company by RMB 105,137,000, increased finance costs and depreciation and amortization expenses from the business combination, offset by a decrease in transaction costs by RMB 157,055,000, and decrease in operating expenses as a result of implementation of cost-saving initiatives, and other cost reductions as a benefit of government policies implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
2019 S/P Combined Period to 2018 Predecessor Period
As a result of the foregoing, we had a net loss of RMB 466,267,000 for the 2019 S/P Combined Period, compared to a net loss of RMB 154,046,000 for 2018. Increased losses in S/P Combined period ended December 31, 2019 mainly resulted from transaction costs and bonuses of RMB 164,664,000, and an expanded cost basis reflecting the first full year of operations of two new hospitals in GZU and PDU, as well as costs related to the move to expanded facility in PXU.
B. Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of cash have been cash flows generated from operating activities and through debt and equity financing.
At December 31, 2020, our outstanding bank borrowings include an aggregate principal amount of RMB 2,084,127,000 (RMB equivalent of US$ 298,418,000) obtained at the Closing Date, of which RMB 1,042,063,500 from Shanghai Pudong Development Bank Putuo Sub-Branch and RMB 1,042,063,500 from China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd., New York Branch. The borrowings are secured by NF Unicorn Holding Limited (“NF Holding”)’s equity interests in NF Unicorn Chindex Holding Limited (“NF Chindex”), NF Chindex’s equity interests in Chindex, NF Holding’s equity interests in NF Unicorn HHH Holding Limited (“NF HHH”), and NF HHH’s equity interests in Healthy Harmony Healthcare, Inc. The borrowings are repayable in instalments over seven years until December 2026.
As of December 31, 2020, management believed that our current level of cash and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next twelve months. However, we may need additional cash resources in the future if we wish to pursue opportunities for investment, acquisition or similar actions. If we determine that our cash requirements exceed the amount of our cash on hand, we may seek to issue additional debt or equity securities or obtain credit facilities or other sources of funding. However, our ability to obtain adequate financing to satisfy our capital expenditures and debt service requirements may be limited by our financial condition and results of operations and the liquidity of international and domestic financial markets. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — The conversion of RMB into foreign currency is regulated, and these regulations could adversely affect us.”
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:
| Predecessor | Successor | S/P Combined (non-IFRS) | Successor | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31 2018 | Period from January 1 to December 18 2019 | Period from December 19 to December 31 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Restated) | (Restated) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | US$ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash generated from (used for): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating activities | 130,980 | 316,639 | (80,432 | ) | 236,207 | 265,215 | 40,646 | |||||||||||||||||
| Investing activities | (534,948 | ) | (341,771 | ) | (45,671 | ) | (387,442 | ) | (319,689 | ) | (48,994 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Financing activities | 103,635 | (189,961 | ) | (9,702 | ) | (199,663 | ) | (631,234 | ) | (96,741 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (300,333 | ) | (215,093 | ) | (135,805 | ) | (350,898 | ) | (685,708 | ) | (105,089 | ) | ||||||||||||
67
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was RMB 265,215,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020. Our net cash provided by operating activities in 2020 reflected a net loss of RMB 531,854,000, as adjusted by the add back of non-cash items mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization expenses of RMB 425,160,000, finance costs of RMB 263,810,000, foreign exchange losses of RMB 49,389,000, and loss in fair value change of warrant liabilities of RMB 112,729,000. The RMB 142,052,000 change in operating assets and liabilities, net of additions and disposals mainly arises from a decrease in trade payables, contract liabilities, accrued expenses and other current liabilities of RMB 230,314,000, an decrease in amounts due from related parties of RMB 56,794,000, a decrease in restricted cash of RMB 382,294,000, partially offset by an increase in inventories of RMB 35,781,000, and an increase in trade receivables, prepayments and other current assets of RMB 34,201,000, a decrease in amounts due to related parties of RMB 967,000, changes in other noncurrent assets and liabilities of RMB 4,227,000. Due to adoption of IFRS 16, all applicable lease payments are included in capital lease payments of financing activities.
Net cash provided by operating activities was RMB 236,207,000 for the 2019 S/P Combined Period. Our net cash provided by operating activities in 2019 reflected a net loss of RMB 466,267,000, as adjusted by the add back of non-cash items mainly consisting of depreciation and amortization expenses of RMB 344,384,000, finance costs of RMB 162,233,000, share-based compensation expenses of RMB 44,917,000, and foreign exchange losses of RMB 15,761,000. The RMB 162,597,000 change in operating assets and liabilities, net of additions and disposals mainly arises from an increase in trade payables, contract liabilities, accrued expenses and other current liabilities of RMB 150,857,000, an increase in amounts due from related parties of RMB 34,253,000, a decrease in restricted cash of RMB 26,272,000, partially offset by an decrease in inventories of RMB 718,000, and an decrease in trade receivables, prepayments and other current assets of RMB 15,712,000, an increase in amounts due to related parties of RMB 1,504,000, changes in other noncurrent assets and liabilities of RMB 1,787,000. Due to adoption of IFRS 16, all applicable lease payments are included in capital lease payments of financing activities.
Net cash provided by operating activities was RMB 130,980,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018. Our net cash provided by operating activities in 2018 reflected a net loss of RMB 154,046,000, as adjusted by (i) the add back of non-cash items mainly consisting of share-based compensation expenses of RMB 18,418,000, depreciation and amortization expenses of RMB 138,639,000, impairment of trade receivables of RMB 16,329,000, and foreign exchange losses of RMB 34,190,000, and (ii) partially offset by gain reclassified from comprehensive income on liquidation of a foreign operation of RMB 26,429,000. The RMB 111,212,000 change in operating assets and liabilities, net of additions and disposals mainly arises from an increase in trade payables, contract liabilities, accrued expenses and other current liabilities of RMB137,433,000, an increase in amounts due to related parties of RMB 1,841,000, and a decrease in restricted cash of RMB 1,717,000, partially offset by an increase in inventories of RMB 17,489,000, an increase in trade receivables, prepayments and other current assets of RMB 7,529,000, an increase in amounts due from related parties of RMB 3,742,000 and changes in other non-current assets and liabilities of RMB 1,019,000.
Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2020 was RMB 319,689,000, and was mainly attributable to (i) capital expenditures in connection with the purchase of equipment and software licenses of expansion assets included in DTU, GZU and PDU, and costs related to the move to expanded facility in PXU totaling RMB 268,636,000, as well as capital expenditures in relation to maintenance of existing facilities of RMB 44,064,000, and (ii) payment made in relation to the acquisition of Precision Clinic of RMB 10,336,000 (net of cash received).
Cash used in investing activities during the 2019 S/P Combined Period was RMB 387,442,000, and was attributable to capital expenditures in connection with the purchase of equipment and software licenses of expansion assets included in GZU and PDU and costs related to the move to expanded facility in PXU totaling RMB 315,773,000, as well as capital expenditures in relation to maintenance of existing facilities of RMB 71,669,000.
Cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2018 was RMB 534,948,000, and was primarily attributable to capital expenditures of RMB 530,617,000 in connection with the purchase of equipment and software licenses, as well as development of UFH’s existing facilities and expansion of new facilities mainly in Shanghai and Guangzhou.
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Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2020 was RMB 631,234,000, and was primarily attributable to early repayments of IFC borrowings of RMB 404,136,000 (US$ denominated loan of US$ 57,200,000 in principal), repayments of Senior Secured Term Loan of RMB 10,576,000, repayments of loans provided by a related party of RMB 28,900,000, and payments of lease liabilities of RMB 217,179,000, offset by proceeds to subscribe shares of RMB 29,456,000.
Net cash used in financing activities during the 2019 S/P Combined Period was RMB 199,663,000, and was primarily attributable to payments of lease liabilities of RMB177,566,000, and the repayments of borrowings of RMB 22,097,000 (US$ denominated loan of US$3,193,000).
Cash provided in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2018 was RMB 103,635,000, and was primarily attributable to net proceeds from borrowings from the IFC of RMB 126,386,000 (US$ denominated loan of US$20,000,000) for development of GZU, which was partially offset by the repayments of borrowings of RMB 22,751,000 (US$ denominated loan of US$3,473,000).
Capital Expenditures
Our capital expenditures have been incurred primarily in relation to (1) maintenance and other properties of existing facilities; and (2) design and construction of new expansion hospital facilities. During the year ended December 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, our capital expenditures on an accrual basis totaled RMB 988.4 million, RMB 190.9 million and RMB 260.5 million (US$ 39.9 million), respectively.
We expect that our total capital expenditures will be approximately RMB 226.2 million over the year ending December 31, 2021, relating to the maintenance and expansion of our business operations. Of this amount, up to approximately RMB 101.2 million is expected to be incurred for final payments of construction and purchase of equipment for DTU, RMB 20.0 million for new clinic expansions, and up to approximately RMB 105.0 million is expected to be incurred for maintenance and organic growth of other existing facilities.
We intend to fund these expenditures through corporate capital reserves, anticipated loan financings as described below and cash flow from operations. Registered foreign debt is expected to be secured by obtaining required governmental and credit approvals.
C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
Research and Development
We had no significant research and development policies or activities for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020.
Intellectual Property
We believe the protection of our trademarks is critical to our business. We rely on a combination of trademark, fair trade practice, copyright and trade secret protection laws and patent protection in China and other jurisdictions, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our trademarks. For details of our trademarks, please refer to “Item 4. Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — Intellectual Property”.
Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this report, including the discussion set forth in “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – A. Operating Results Overview – Impact of COVID-19”, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the current fiscal year that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital reserves, or that caused the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.
E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We did not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements in fiscal years 2018, 2019 or 2020.
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F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
The following table sets forth our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2020:
| Payment due by period | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands of RMB) | Total | Within one year | In the second to third year | In the third to fifth year | Over five years | |||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing borrowings | 2,060,676 | 6,027 | 100,089 | 909,190 | 1,045,370 | |||||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | 2,589,094 | 186,764 | 185,729 | 508,260 | 1,708,341 | |||||||||||||||
| 4,649,770 | 192,791 | 285,818 | 1,417,450 | 2,753,711 | ||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures contracted for by us as of December 31, 2020, but not yet paid were as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||
| (in thousands of RMB) | RMB | US$ | ||||||
| Property and equipment | 174,370 | 26,723 | ||||||
For more information about these contractual obligations, see notes 18 and 25 to our consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere herein.
| Item 6 | DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES |
A. Directors and Senior Management
Our Executive Officers and Directors
As of December 31, 2020, the following persons (with ages as of the date of this report) are the directors and executive officers of New Frontier Health Corporation.
Name | Age | Position |
| Antony Leung | 69 | Chairman of the Board and Director |
| Qiyu Chen | 48 | Co-Chairman of the Board and Director |
| Roberta Lipson | 65 | Chief Executive Officer and Director |
| Walter Xue | 53 | Chief Financial Officer |
| Carl Wu | 37 | President, Chairman of the Executive Committee and Director |
| David Zeng | 32 | Chief Operating Officer and Director |
| Alastair Pu Yan Mah | 41 | Vice President of Medical Affairs |
| Shan Fu | 53 | Director |
| Edward Leong Che-hung | 81 | Director (independent) |
| Frederick Ma Si-hang | 69 | Director (independent) |
| Lawrence Chia | 66 | Director (independent) |
Biographical information for each member of our Board of Directors and senior management is set forth below.
Antony Leung, has been the Company’s Chairman since its IPO. Mr. Leung is the Group Chairman of NFG, which he co-founded with Carl Wu in 2016. Mr. Leung is also the Group Chairman of Nan Fung Group, a leading Chinese conglomerate based in Hong Kong engaging in real estate and investment businesses. Before joining Nan Fung Group in 2014, Mr. Leung worked for Blackstone, where he held various positions including Senior Managing Director, Co-Head of Private Equity in Asia, Chairman of Greater China and member of the Executive Committee, being responsible for growing Blackstone’s business in Asia. He successfully arranged the investment by China Investment Corporation in Blackstone’s IPO in 2007.
Mr. Leung was the Financial Secretary of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government from 2001 to 2003. He played an instrumental role in promoting a closer economic relationship between the mainland of China and Hong Kong, symbolized by his signing, on behalf of the Hong Kong Government, of the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) with the Central Government in 2003. Other public services that Mr. Leung had engaged in included Non-Official Member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong SAR, Chairman of The Education Commission, Chairman of The University Grants Committee, Member of The Exchange Fund Advisory Committee, Director of Hong Kong Airport Authority and Hong Kong Futures Exchange, and Member of the Preparatory Committee and Election Committee for Hong Kong SAR.
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In addition to his experience in investment and government, Mr. Leung had extensive senior management experience in financial institutions. He was the Chairman of Asia and Head of Greater China for J.P. Morgan Chase from 1996 to 2001, contributed to the rapid expansion of the Asian business of the bank and oversaw the mergers with Jardine Flemings,
J.P. Morgan and Chase in the region. He also took series of leadership roles in Citibank including Head of China and Hong Kong, Head of Investment Banking for North and Southwest Asia and Head of Private Bank in Asia. Mr. Leung previously served as Independent Director of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Mobile (Hong Kong) Limited, and American International Assurance (Hong Kong) Limited; Vice Chairman of China National Bluestar Group, International Advisory Board Member of China Development Bank and Chairman of Harvard Business School Association of Hong Kong. Mr. Leung is currently an Independent Non-Executive Director of China Merchants Bank. He is also chairman of the charity organizations, Heifer Hong Kong and Food Angel.
Qiyu Chen, served as a director of the Company since the consummation of the business combination. Mr. Chen has been the executive director and the co-chief executive officer of Fosun International Limited (SEHK: 00656) since July 2015 and March 2017, respectively. In addition, Mr. Chen has also been an executive director and the chairman of Fosun Pharma since May 2005 and June 2010, respectively. Mr. Chen joined Fosun Group in April 1994 and was appointed as a director in May 2005. Mr. Chen also has been a director of Fosun High Tech since July 2015 and the chairman since November 2017. Mr. Chen has served as a non-executive director since May 2010 and a vice chairman since September 2014 of Sinopharm Group Co., Ltd. (SEHK: 01099), a non-executive director of Babytree Group (SEHK: 01761) since June 2018, a director of Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co., Ltd. (SSE: 600429) since March 2015 and a director of Dian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd (SSE: 300244) from May 2010 to February 2019. Mr. Chen previously served on the board of directors of Maxigen Biotech Inc. (TWSE: 1783) from September 2015 until November 2017. In addition, Mr. Chen is the chairman of the China Medical Pharmaceutical Material Association, a vice president of the China Pharmaceutical Innovation and Research Development Association, the chairman of the Shanghai BioPharmaceutical Industry Association and the vice council of the Shanghai Society of Genetics. Mr. Chen is a member of the 13th Shanghai Standing Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and was a member of the 12th Shanghai Standing Committee of the same conference. In 2018, Mr. Chen was awarded “Shanghai Excellent Constructor of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics from Non-Public Sector” and “Shanghai Outstanding Entrepreneur.” Mr. Chen obtained a bachelor’s degree in genetics from Fudan University in 1993 and an EMBA degree from China Europe International Business School in 2005.
Roberta Lipson, has been our Chief Executive Officer since 2019. Ms. Lipson is the Founder and Chief Executive Officer of UFH. Ms. Lipson has over 40 years of experience as a pioneer and leader in the Chinese healthcare industry. She originally cofounded UFH’s predecessor company, Chindex, in 1981, and expanded its business from China’s top medical equipment distribution company into UFH, one of China’s first and largest foreign-invested healthcare networks. As CEO, Ms. Lipson has oversight over all of UFH functions, has led the development of all UFH operation expansions, helms the organization’s strategic direction and drives a corporate culture of patient-centered care. Her operational and market experience and focus on strategic team-building are the backbone of UFH’s success and strong growth trajectory.
Ms. Lipson is an active leader in the business community in Beijing, having served as a director of the U.S. China Business Council as well as four successive terms on the Board of Governors of the American Chamber of Commerce in China (“AmCham”) and as co-chair of the AmCham Healthcare Forum. She also co-chairs the Board of the United Foundation for China’s Health and is a co-founder of Beijing’s Jewish community, Kehillat Beijing. Because of her outstanding contribution in China, Ms. Lipson received “The Great Wall Friendship Reward” in 2009, the highest honor that Beijing government gives to foreign experts in Beijing. In 2014, Ms. Lipson was honored by AmCham as the inaugural recipient of the China Pioneer Award. She was named as a “Top 10 Business Leader of China” by Sina.com in 2015, and earlier, she led the UFH to win the U.S. State Department’s ACE Award for Corporate Excellence. With 40 years living and working in Beijing, in 2017 Ms. Lipson received Foreign Permanent Resident Card. Ms. Lipson holds a bachelor of arts from Brandeis University and an MBA from Columbia University.
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Walter Xue, has been our Chief Financial Officer since 2019. A Chinese national, Mr. Xue is a market-leading financial healthcare manager and leader, with almost 25 years’ industry experience. His tenure with Chindex began in 1996 as head of finance for Chindex’s China operations while Chindex was publically listed on the Nasdaq. As senior vice president of Chindex while it was a U.S.-listed public company, Mr. Xue was involved in public reporting and oversaw its financial operations. In 1996-1997, he was a member of the founding team of UFH’s first healthcare operation, BJU, and served as Vice President of Finance, overseeing both the medical device trading and the healthcare services segments. Mr. Xue was promoted to Corporate CFO in 2015 after Chindex’s medical device trading operation spin-off and UFH’s privatization. As CFO, Mr. Xue has oversight on financial, legal and operational corporate structuring; strategic operational and financial analysis and projections; capital raising, management, and strategic investment; business planning and expansion strategy; tax and financial regulatory compliance; and control functions. Mr. Xue serves on the board of all of UFH’s subsidiaries. Mr. Xue obtained a bachelor’s degree in accounting from Beijing Technology and Business University and an MBA from Rutgers University.
Carl Wu, was the Company’s Chief Executive Officer from its inception through the consummation of the business combination and, is currently a director and the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Company. Mr. Wu has also served as our President since August 2020. Mr. Wu is an investor, entrepreneur and business builder. Prior to co-founding NFG with Mr. Leung in 2016, Mr. Wu worked at Blackstone from 2007 to 2016, where he was a Managing Director. Mr. Wu helped establish Blackstone’s businesses in Asia and China with Mr. Leung and as such executed a variety of Blackstone’s investments in China. Apart from his extensive investment experience in China and globally, Mr. Wu has also founded several healthcare and technology businesses. He is the Executive Chairman and co-founder of YD Care, Heal Oncology, Boxful Technology and HelloToby Technology, and the Chairman of Care Alliance, NF GBA Healthcare Group and Precision Medical.
David Zeng, has served as a director of the Company since the consummation of the business combination. Mr. Zeng has also served as our Chief Operating Officer since August 2020. Mr. Zeng joined NFG in June 2018 and is a Managing Director of NFG, primarily responsible for leading New Frontier’s investment efforts prior to the consummation of the business combination. Prior to joining New Frontier, Mr. Zeng worked for The Blackstone Group L.P. (NYSE: BX) (“Blackstone”) from 2014 to 2018, and served as a Senior Associate of Blackstone’s Private Equity Group in Hong Kong. At Blackstone, he led the execution of a number of investments across multiple industries in China, including the take-private of Global Sources Limited (one of world’s largest electronics exhibition operators) and the buyout of Shya Hsin Packaging (one of world’s largest color cosmetics plastic packagers with over 5,000 employees). Mr. Zeng was also actively involved in the operations of Blackstone portfolio companies. For example, he served as the CFO and executive director of ShyaHsin Packaging and led a number of key operational initiatives. Prior to joining Blackstone, Mr. Zeng was a member of the Mergers & Acquisitions Group at Barclays Plc. in Hong Kong from 2011 to 2014. Mr. Zeng obtained a bachelor’s degree in economics from Pomona College in 2011.
Dr. Alastair Pu Yan Mah, has been NFH’s Vice President of Medical Affairs since March 2021. Dr. Mah heads UFH’s medical operations and is responsible for maintaining UFH’s safety and quality standards, as well as developing clinical education and research. Dr, Mah has extensive experience in both public and private healthcare in Hong Kong and Australia. Recently Dr. Mah served as a Patient Safety and Risk Officer for the Hong Kong Health Authority. Prior to that, Dr. Mah served as Chief Medical Officer, group Chief Medical Officer and in various other executive positions for private and public healthcare organizations in Australia. In addition his medical degree, Dr. Mah also has an MBA and a Masters of Health Services Management.
Shan Fu, has served as a director of the Company since the consummation of the business combination. Mr. Fu has been a managing partner, a joint chief executive officer and the Greater China chief executive officer of Vivo Capital LLC, an investment firm that primarily invests in the biotechnology and healthcare sectors, since October 2013. Mr. Fu has also been a director of Sinovac Biotech CO., Ltd. (Nasdaq: SVA) since July 2018, a director of TOT BIOPHARM International Co. Ltd. (HKSE: 01875) since January 2016, and a director of InnoCare Pharma Ltd. (HKSE: 09969) since February 2018. Between June 2008 and October 2013, Mr. Fu worked as a senior managing director in the Beijing branch of Blackstone (Shanghai) Equity Investment Management Company Limited. Mr. Fu obtained a master’s degree in history and a bachelor’s degree in history, both from Peking University in Beijing, in 1991 and 1988, respectively.
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Edward Leong Che-hung, served as a director of the Company since the closing of its IPO. Dr. Leong is one of the most respected medical professionals and public health administrators in Asia, having actively engaged in public services and has engaged in various influential public roles during his career. He was a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, representing the medical constituency from 1988 to 2000. In 2002, Dr. Leong was appointed as the chairman of the Hong Kong Hospital Authority where he was involved in drawing up the blueprint for Hospital Authority, taking special responsibility for Medical Service Development. Subsequently, Dr. Leong served as a non-official member of the Executive Council HKSAR from 2005 to 2012. He was chairman of the Hong Kong University Council until 2015 and spearheaded the commissioning of The University of Hong Kong — Shenzhen Hospital in Shenzhen during his term. Dr. Leong also served as the chairman of the Standard Working Hours Committee from 2013 to 2016. His other former public positions include the Chairman of the Elderly Commission HKSAR, Chairman of Hong Kong AIDS Foundation and the Elder Academy Development Foundation. Dr. Leong was awarded the Gold Bauhinia Star in 2001 and the Grand Bauhinia Medal in 2010.
Dr. Leong is a medical doctor and has been in private practice specializing in urology for several decades. After graduating from the University of Hong Kong in 1962, Dr. Leong worked in the Department of Surgery in Hong Kong University for 14 years. In addition to training medical students, Dr. Leong also conducted cutting-edge research in his specialist field of urology. His major research contributions include experiments and the human use of the stomach for bladder replacement and urinary diversion. Dr. Leong was appointed Hunterian Professor by the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1975. He was the first Hong Kong-born Chinese doctor to have received this accolade.
Frederick Ma Si-hang, has served as a director of the Company since the closing of its IPO. He is currently an independent non-executive director of FWD Group and a director of Husky Energy Inc. Professor Ma was previously the non-executive chairman of the MTR Corporation. Professor Ma was previously an independent non-executive director of Agricultural Bank of China Limited, Aluminum Corporation of China Limited, Hutchison Port Holdings Management Pte. Limited and China Resources Land Limited, and also a non-executive director of China Mobile Communications Corporation and COFCO Corporation. He was a member of Managing Board at Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation and a director of Airport Authority Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Mortgage Corporation Limited.
Professor Ma has extensive experience in the banking and financial sectors. He started his career at Chase Manhattan Bank in 1973 and returned to Chase Manhattan as Asia-Pacific Managing Director and Area Director of Global Private Bank in 1998. Following the merger of Chase Manhattan and J.P. Morgan in 2001, Professor Ma was appointed by J.P. Morgan Private Bank as CEO of Asia-Pacific Region. In 2001, he joined Pacific Century Cyberworks (PCCW) Limited as an Executive Director and was appointed Chief Financial Officer in 2002.
Professor Ma was previously the Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) Government from 2002 to 2007. Professor Ma held the position of the Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development of the HKSAR Government from 2007 to 2008. He is currently a non-official member of the HKSAR Government Chief Executive’s Council of Advisers on Innovation and Strategic Development, a member of the International Advisory Council of China Investment Corporation and the Global Advisory Council of Bank of America. Professor Ma was awarded the Gold Bauhinia Star medal in 2009 and was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 2010.
Besides his corporate and government positions, Professor Ma has also taken various roles in multiple universities in Asia. In 2008, Professor Ma took up an honorary professorship at the School of Economics and Finance at the University of Hong Kong. In August 2013, he was also appointed an Honorary Professor of Business Administration at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He is currently the Council Chairman of The Education University of Hong Kong and has been a Professor of Finance Practice at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University since 2012.
Lawrence Chia, has served as a director of the Company since March 2020. Mr. Chia has served on the board of directors of BC Technology Group Limited (HKEX: 863) since April 2018. In addition, Mr. Chia has served as the chief executive officer of the Samling Group of Companies (“Samling”), a Malaysia-based international conglomerate, since November 2017. Prior to Mr. Chia’s experience at Samling, Mr. Chia was the chief executive officer of Deloitte China from October 2013 to September 2016. Mr. Chia is a chartered accountant and is a member of the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
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Director Nomination Agreements
The Company’s directors were nominated to serve a member of the board of directors pursuant to the following arrangements entered into with the Company in connection with the consummation of the business combination:
Pursuant to the terms of the Lipson Employment Agreement (as defined below), Ms. Lipson was nominated to serve as a member of the board of directors upon the consummation of the business combination and will be renominated at each subsequent annual meeting of shareholders of NFH during her term of employment, subject to the requirements of the NYSE, for so long as she is at least a one-percent shareholder of NFH.
Pursuant to the Fosun Director Nomination Agreement (as defined below), Fosun nominated Qiyu Chen to serve as a member of the board of directors upon the consummation of the business combination. In addition, Fosun will be entitled to nominate (i) three nominees (including one nominee for independent director) to the board of directors for so long as it beneficially owns at least 22.5% of the total number of our ordinary shares then issued and outstanding, (ii) two nominees to the board of directors for so long as it beneficially owns at least 10.8%, but less than 22.5% of the total number of our ordinary shares then issued and outstanding, or (iii) one nominee to the board of directors for so long as it beneficially owns at least 3.33%, but less than 10.8% of the total number of our ordinary shares then issued and outstanding; provided that, in each case of (i) to (iii), if Mr. Qiyu Chen is nominated by Fosun to the board of directors, then Mr. Qiyu Chen shall serve as a co-chairman of the board of directors. Fosun also has the right to appoint one non-voting observer to the board of directors.
Pursuant to the Vivo Director Nomination Agreement (as defined below), Vivo had the right to nominate up to two directors to the board of directors upon the consummation of the business combination. As such, Vivo nominated Shan Fu and Lawrence Chia. In addition, Vivo is entitled to nominate (i) two nominees (including at least one nominee for independent director) to the board of directors for so long as it beneficially owns at least 6.66% of the total number of our ordinary shares then issued and outstanding or (ii) one nominee to serve as an independent director on the board of directors for so long as it beneficially owns at least 3.33%, but less than 6.66% of the total number of our ordinary shares then issued and outstanding. Vivo also has the right to appoint one non-voting observer to the board of directors.
Finally, pursuant to the Sponsor Director Nomination Agreement (as defined below), the Sponsor had the right to nominate a number of individuals to the board of directors equal to the total number of directors to be so appointed or nominated, less the number of directors to be appointed or nominated by each of Ms. Lipson, Fosun and Vivo; provided that the Sponsor’s nominees include a number of individuals who serve as independent directors such that there will be at least three independent directors on the board of directors following such election or appointment, as applicable. As such, the Sponsor nominated Mr. Zeng to the board upon the consummation of the business combination.
For additional information on each of these arrangements, please see the section entitled “Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions.”
Employment Agreement
Lipson Employment Agreement
In connection with the consummation of the business combination, on December 17, 2019, the Company entered into an employment agreement (the “Lipson Employment Agreement”) with Roberta Lipson, pursuant to which Ms. Lipson will serve as the Company’s chief executive officer for an initial term of three years from the consummation of the business combination (subject to certain termination conditions to be set forth therein). The employment is subject to automatic renewal for one-year terms unless terminated by either Ms. Lipson or the Company.
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Ms. Lipson is entitled to an initial annual salary of $600,000 per annum and will be eligible for an annual bonus pursuant to the Company’s short-term cash incentive plan to be established by the compensation committee of our board of directors, along with certain other benefits.
In addition, upon the consummation of the business combination Ms. Lipson was appointed as a member of our board of directors and will be re-nominated at each subsequent annual meeting of our shareholders during her term of employment, subject to the requirements of the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”), for so long as she is at least a one-percent shareholder of the Company.
Remuneration of Directors and Senior Management
Director Compensation
The Company’s Compensation Committee approved the payment of $55,000 per year to the Company’s independent directors as compensation for their service on the Board starting in 2020. None of the other directors will receive compensation for their service as members of the Company’s board of directors.
Executive Compensation
The following table shows the compensation paid by UFH to its key personnel as a group for the full year ended December 31, 2020 (in thousands of RMB):
Executive Compensation
| Short Term employee benefits including salary and bonuses | 10,443 | |||
| Post-employment benefits | 93 | |||
| Share-based compensation expense | 355 | |||
| Total compensation to key personnel | 10,891 |
Amount set aside for pension, retirement or similar benefits
The total amount set aside or accrued by the Company to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for executives was RMB 93,000 (US$ 14,000) for the year ended December 31, 2020, pursuant to the applicable law.
Our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (the “Articles”) provide that the Board of Directors must comprise at least one member. Our Board of Directors currently consists of nine (9) directors. Our Articles further provide that, subject to the terms of (i) the Fosun Director Nomination Agreement, (ii) the Vivo Director Nomination Agreement, (iii) the Sponsor Director Nomination Agreement and (iv) the Lipson Employment Agreement, that the number of directors, which will be fixed at nine members, may be increased or decreased from time to time by a resolution of our Board of Directors. In addition, each director shall be elected annually at each annual general meeting (or extraordinary general meeting in lieu thereof). The directors shall hold their office for a term of one year or until their respective successors are elected and qualified, subject to such director’s earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal.
Audit Committee
Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Edward Leong Che-hung, Frederick Ma Si-hang and Lawrence Chia, with Mr. Chia serving as the chair of the audit committee. Each of Messrs. Leong Che-hung, Ma Si-hang and Chia meets the applicable audit committee independence standards. Each of Messers. Ma Si-hang and Chia qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert,” as such term is defined in applicable SEC rules.
Our audit committee will, among other matters, oversee our corporate accounting and financial reporting process. Among other matters, the audit committee:
| · | appoints the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm; |
| · | evaluates the independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications, independence and performance; |
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| · | determines the engagement of the independent registered public accounting firm; |
| · | reviews and approves the scope of the annual audit and the audit fee; |
| · | discusses with management and the independent registered public accounting firm the results of the annual audit; |
| · | approves the retention of the independent registered public accounting firm to perform any proposed permissible non-audit services; |
| · | monitors the rotation of partners of the independent registered public accounting firm on the Company’s engagement team in accordance with requirements established by the SEC; |
| · | is responsible for reviewing the Company’s financial statements and the Company’s management’s operating and financial review and prospects to be included in the Company’s annual reports to be filed with the SEC; |
| · | reviews the Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates; and |
| · | reviews the audit committee charter and the committee’s performance at least annually. |
Our Board of Directors adopted a written charter for the audit committee, which is available free of charge on the Company’s corporate website at www.nfh.com.cn. The information on the Company’s website is not part of this report.
Compensation Committee
Our compensation committee consists of Antony Leung, Carl Wu and Shan Fu. As a result of the Company’s status as a foreign private issuer, under the rules of the NYSE following the consummation of the business combination, we are not required to have a compensation committee. However, we have established a compensation committee.
The compensation committee reviews and recommends policies relating to compensation and benefits of our officers and employees. Among other matters, the compensation committee:
| · | reviews and recommends corporate goals and objectives relevant to compensation of our chief executive officer and other executive officers; |
| · | evaluates the performance of these officers in light of those goals and objectives and recommends to our board of directors the compensation of these officers based on such evaluations; |
| · | recommends to our Board of Directors the issuance of share options and other awards under our share plans; and |
| · | reviews and evaluates, at least annually, the performance of the compensation committee and its members, including compliance by the compensation committee with its charter. |
Nominating and Governance Committee
Our nominating and governance committee consists of Antony Leung and Carl Wu. As a result of the Company’s status as a foreign private issuer, under the rules of the NYSE following the consummation of the business combination, we are not required to have a Nominating and governance committee. However, we have established a Nominating and governance committee. The nominating and governance committee is responsible for making recommendations to our Board of Directors regarding candidates for directorships and the size and composition of our Board of Directors. In addition, the nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for overseeing our corporate governance policies and reporting and making recommendations to our Board of Directors concerning governance matters.
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Executive Committee
Our executive committee consists of Roberta Lipson, Carl Wu and Shan Fu, with Mr. Wu serving as chair of the executive committee. The executive committee will meet at least once a month to discuss the management of the Company and its subsidiaries, unless the members of the executive committee unanimously agree otherwise. The executive committee is responsible for overseeing and assisting management in implementing decisions and matters approved by our Board of Directors, including, without limitation, the following matters:
| · | developing the Company’s strategic objectives, setting agenda and priorities; |
| · | establishing, monitoring and maintaining appropriate management and personnel systems to ensure the Company’s strategic, business and operational plans are met; |
| · | recommending to the Board any significant operational changes; |
| · | developing and maintaining appropriate relationship management systems with respect to shareholders and other stakeholders; |
| · | evaluating the work of senior management of the Company; |
| · | monthly review of operational and financial performance or key performance indicators; |
| · | budgeting for capital expenditures; |
| · | financing; and |
| · | mergers, acquisitions and other material transactions involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries. |
All decisions of the executive committee will require the approval of a majority of the members thereof.
NYSE corporate governance differences
See “Item 16G. Corporate Governance” for a summary of the ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those followed by domestic U.S. companies under the NYSE rules.
| D. | Employees |
As of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we had 3,309, 3,425 and 3,191 employees, respectively, all of whom are located in China. Of these employees, 151 are non-Chinese citizens and 3,158 are Chinese citizens. Approximately 527 of these employees are medical professionals such as physicians and dentists, 289 are ancillary staff such as lab technicians and pharmacists, 1,014 are nursing staff, with the balance being administration, management, and facility staff. Each month on average, about 1,432 external consultants are contracted at UFH facilities for short-term or specialized engagements. Neither the Company nor its subsidiaries is subject to any union negotiated labor contracts. Employees’ compensation is usually indexed to local inflation statistics. UFH believes it has good relations with its employees.
| E. | Share Ownership |
The table below sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of the date of this report, by our directors and senior management and major shareholders. For purposes of this table, a person is deemed to have “beneficial ownership” of any shares as of a given date which such person has the right to acquire within 60 days after such date. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person, or group of persons, named below on a given date, any security which such person or persons has the right to acquire within 60 days after such date is deemed to be outstanding, but is not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise indicated, the holders listed below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares beneficially owned by them. They have the same voting rights as all other holders of ordinary shares.
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| Beneficial owners(1) | Number of shares | % owned | ||||||
| Roberta Lipson(2) | 3,509,799 | 2.7 | % | |||||
| Walter Xue | 62,088 | * | ||||||
| Alastair Pu Yan Mah | -- | -- | ||||||
| Antony Leung(3) | 19,837,500 | 14.2 | % | |||||
| Carl Wu(4) | 18,425,000 | 13.2 | % | |||||
| David Zeng(5) | 206,250 | * | ||||||
| Edward Leong Che-hung | 10,000 | * | ||||||
| Frederick Ma Si-hang | — | — | ||||||
| Shan Fu | — | — | ||||||
| Qiyu Chen | — | — | ||||||
| All directors and executive officers as a Group (eleven individuals) | 25,129,137 | 17.9 | % | |||||
| 5% Shareholders | ||||||||
| New Frontier Public Holding Ltd.(6) | 17,012,500 | 12.2 | % | |||||
| Fosun Industrial Co., Limited.(7) | 9,400,000 | 7.1 | % | |||||
| Certain funds and accounts advised by Nan Fung Group Holdings Limited(8) | 9,650,000 | 7.2 | % | |||||
| Vivo Capital Fund IX (Cayman), L.P.(9) | 14,300,000 | 10.8 | % | |||||
| Certain funds and accounts advised by Capital Research and Management Company (10) | 12,173,386 | 9.2 | % | |||||
* Less than 1%
| (1) | The percentage of beneficial ownership is calculated based on 131,847,694 ordinary shares outstanding as of the date of this report. |
| (2) | Pursuant to the Lipson Reinvestment Agreement 1,227,251 ordinary shares were issued to Ms. Lipson and 2,363,548 ordinary shares were issued to trusts affiliated with Ms. Lipson. |
| (3) | Includes (x) (i) 9,542,500 ordinary shares, (ii) 7,470,000 private placement warrants and (iii) 7,470,000 ordinary shares underlying the private placement warrants, held of record by the Sponsor; (y) (i) (a) 600,000 ordinary shares, (b) 300,000 public warrants and (c) 300,000 ordinary shares underlying the public warrants purchased by entities affiliated with Mr. Leung in NFC’s initial public offering, (ii) (a) 1,575,000 ordinary shares, (b) 350,000 forward purchase warrants and (c) 350,000 ordinary shares underlying the forward purchase warrants, held of record by Mr. Leung or entities affiliated with Mr. Leung. The address for this shareholder is 23rd Floor, 299 QRC, 287-299 Queen’s Road Central, Hong Kong. |
| (4) | Includes (x) (i) 9,542,500 ordinary shares, (ii) 7,470,000 private placement warrants and (iii) 7,470,000 ordinary shares underlying the private placement warrants, held of record by the Sponsor; and (y) (i) (a) 300,000 ordinary shares, (b) 150,000 public warrants and (c) 150,000 ordinary shares underlying the public warrants purchased by entities affiliated with Mr. Wu in NFC’s initial public offering, (ii) (a) 787,500 ordinary shares, (b) 175,000 forward purchase warrants and (c) 175,000 ordinary shares underlying the forward purchase warrants, held of record by Mr. Wu or entities affiliated with Mr. Wu. The address for this shareholder is 23rd Floor, 299 QRC, 287-299 Queen’s Road Central, Hong Kong. |
| (5) | Interests shown include (i) 206,250 ordinary shares, (ii) 37,500 ordinary shares underlying forward purchase warrants, and (iii) 37,500 forward purchase warrants. The address for this shareholder is 23rd Floor, 299 QRC, 287-299 Queen’s Road Central, Hong Kong. |
| (6) | Antony Leung and Carl Wu share voting and dispositive power over the securities held by the Sponsor. Each of Mr. Leung and Mr. Wu disclaims beneficial ownership over any securities owned by the Sponsor other than to the extent of any pecuniary interest he may have therein, directly or indirectly. The interests shown include (i) 9,542,500 ordinary shares, (ii) 7,470,000 private placement warrants and (iii) 7,470,000 ordinary shares underlying the private placement warrants, held of record by the Sponsor. The Sponsor may also be deemed to beneficially own an additional 22,929,125 ordinary shares pursuant to certain irrevocable proxies, each dated as of December 17, 2019, granted to the Sponsor by certain shareholders, pursuant to which the Sponsor may vote the ordinary shares subject to such irrevocable proxies at any meeting of NFH’s shareholders until such time as the granting shareholder no longer owns such ordinary shares. In addition, the Sponsor is a party to (i) the Fosun Director Nomination Agreement, pursuant to which the Sponsor and Fosun have agreed to vote or cause to be voted all ordinary shares beneficially owned or controlled (directly or indirectly) by them in favor of any director nominee(s) nominated or supported by the other party, (ii) the Vivo Director Nomination Agreement, pursuant to which the Sponsor and Vivo have agreed to vote or cause to be voted all ordinary shares beneficially owned or controlled (directly or indirectly) by them in favor of any director nominee(s) nominated or supported by the other party, and (iii) certain Director Support Letter Agreements, each dated as of December 17, 2019, pursuant to which certain shareholders have agreed to vote an aggregate of 17,605,000 ordinary shares in favor of any director nominee nominated or supported by the Sponsor. The address for this shareholder is 23rd Floor, 299 QRC, 287-299 Queen’s Road Central, Hong Kong. |
| (7) | Fosun Industrial Co., Limited is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical (Group) Co., Ltd., which is a subsidiary of Shanghai Fosun High Technology (Group) Co., Ltd., which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fosun International Limited, which is a subsidiary of Fosun Holdings Limited, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fosun International Holdings Ltd. Guo Guangchang controls Fosun International Holdings and may be deemed to beneficially own the shares. Interests shown include 9,400,000 ordinary shares. In addition, the Sponsor and Fosun are parties to the Fosun Director Nomination Agreement. See note 2 above. The address for this shareholder is Building A, No. 1289 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China. |
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| (8) | Includes NF SPAC Holding Limited (“NF SPAC”) and Sun Hing Associate Limited (“Sun Hing”). Interests shown include (i) 8,350,000 ordinary shares, (ii) 600,000 ordinary shares underlying the public warrants, (iii) 600,000 public warrants, (iv) 700,000 ordinary shares underlying the forward purchase warrants, and (v) 700,000 forward purchase warrants. Each of NF SPAC and Sun Hing is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Nan Fung Group Holdings Limited (“NFGHL”). The members of the Executive Committee of NFGHL make investment decisions with respect to the securities directly and indirectly held by NFGHL and, therefore, the securities held by NF SPAC and Sun Hing. Mr. Antony Leung, Mr. Frank Kai Shui Seto, Mr. Vincent Sai Sing Cheung, Mr. Pui Kuen Cheung, Mr. Kin Ho Kwok, Ms. Vanessa Tih Lin Cheung, Mr. Meng Gao and Mr. Chun Wai Nelson Tang are the members of the Executive Committee of NFGHL and therefore may be deemed to beneficially own these shares. The address for Nan Fung Group is 23rd Floor, Nan Fung Tower, 88 Connaught Road Central, Hong Kong. |
| (9) | Vivo Capital IX (Cayman), LLC is the general partner of Vivo Capital Fund IX (Cayman), L.P. The voting members of Vivo Capital IX (Cayman), LLC are Frank Kung, Albert Cha, Shan Fu, Edgar Engleman and Chen Yu, none of whom has individual voting or investment power with respect to the shares. Interests shown include 14,300,000 ordinary shares. In addition, the Sponsor and Vivo are parties to the Vivo Director Nomination Agreement. See note 2 above. The address for Vivo Capital Fund IX (Cayman), L.P. is 192 Lytton Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94301. |
| (10) | Includes SMALLCAP World Fund, Inc. (“SCWF”), American Funds Insurance Series — Global Small Capitalization Fund (“VISC”) and American Funds Developing World Growth and Income Fund (“AFDWGI” and, together with SCWF and VISC, the “CRMC Shareholders”). Capital Research and Management Company (“CRMC”) is the investment adviser to each of the CRMC Shareholders. CRMC and/or Capital Research Global Investors (“CRGI”) may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of all of the securities expected to be held by the CRMC Shareholders; however, each of CRMC and CRGI expressly disclaim that it is the beneficial owner of such securities. Julian N. Abdey, Noriko H. Chen, Peter Eliot, Brady L. Enright, Bradford F. Freer, Leo Hee, Roz Hongsaranagon, Claudia P. Huntington, Jonathan Knowles, Harold H. La, Aidan O’Connell, Andraz Razen, Gregory W. Wendt and Dylan Yolles, as portfolio managers, are expected to have voting and investment power over the securities to be held by SCWF. Bradford F. Freer, Claudia P. Huntington, Harold H. La, Aidan O’Connell and Gregory W. Wendt, as portfolio managers, are expected to have voting and investment power over the securities to be held by VISC. The address for each of the CRMC Shareholders is c/o Capital Research and Management Company, 333 South Hope Street, 55th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90071. The CRMC Shareholders may be affiliates of a broker-dealer. |
| Item 7 | MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS |
| A. | Major Shareholders |
Please refer to “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership” and “Item 4.A. History and Development of the Company — Proposed Going Private Transaction.”
| B. | Related Party Transactions |
The following discussion is a brief summary of certain material arrangements, agreements and transactions we have with related parties.
Anticipated Clinic Purchases From NFG
New Frontier Group currently owns a portfolio of four clinics located in the central business districts of Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong. We expect to acquire several of these clinics for a combination of cash and equity at a valuation that approximates its cumulative investment cost. Our management believes that the clinics will be highly synergistic to our current operations due to the clinics’ central location in China’s tier one cities, overlapping patient profile and similar service offerings. In addition, our management believes that such clinics will provide additional revenue generating opportunities through patient referrals to the existing hospitals and facilities within our network in those cities and through the availability of additional clinical services for our patients at more centrally located facilities. Definitive terms for such transactions have not been finalized. Such transactions will be subject to review and approval by our board of directors in accordance with applicable rules and regulations and our policies and procedures for transactions with related parties.
Shanghai Precision Clinic Co., Ltd. Acquisition
On November 30, 2020, we entered into an equity transfer agreement with Shanghai Niufeng Medical Technology Co., Ltd. (“Party A”), Chen Jianning (“Party B”), Shanghai Chunyu Hospital Management Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Precision, pursuant to which we acquired 100% of the equity interests of Shanghai Precision from Party A, a subsidiary of NFG and Party B.
The Company paid RMB10.7 million in cash. RMB29.6 million was received in the form of ordinary shares and part of which was from repayment of related party loans. The transaction was approved by our board of directors subject to the approval of our Audit Committee. We expect that this acquisition will enable us to expand our outpatient clinic network to the center of Shanghai to better serve the community by providing more convenient locations and act as a feeder network to the Shanghai market.
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Pledge Agreements with China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Branch
On May 18, 2020, the Board (without Messrs. Leung and Wu, each of whom recused themselves for this matter) approved (i) the entrance by NFPH into a Stock Pledge Agreement (the “NFH Pledge Agreement”), dated May 18, 2020, with China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Branch (“CMB”), pursuant to which NFPH pledged 8,500,000 ordinary shares to CMB, which it received in a private placement prior to our initial public offering, (ii) the entrance by Mr. Leung into a Stock Pledge Agreement (the “Leung Pledge Agreement), dated May 18, 2020, with CMB, pursuant to which Mr. Leung pledged 2,175,000 ordinary shares to CMB, which Mr. Leung subscribed for pursuant to a Forward Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 4, 2018, by and among NFH, NFPH and Mr. Leung and (iii) the entrance by Mr. Wu into a Stock Pledge Agreement (the “Wu Pledge Agreement” and, together with the NFH Pledge Agreement and the Leung Pledge Agreement, the “Pledge Agreements”), with CMB, pursuant to which Mr. Wu pledged 1,087,500 ordinary shares to CMB, which Mr. Wu subscribed for pursuant to a Forward Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 4. 2017, by and among NFH, NFPH and Mr. Wu.
In connection with the entrance into the Pledge Agreements, the Board also approved the entrance into the Consent Letter, dated May 18, 2020, by and among NFH, NFPH, Vivo Capital (Cayman) IX, L.P. and Messrs. Leung and Wu, pursuant to which NFPH and Messrs. Wu and Leung were permitted to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Pledge Agreements.
In addition, in connection with the entrance into the Pledge Agreements, the Board also approved the entrance into the amendment to the Letter Agreement, dated May 18, 2020, by and among NFH, NFPH and NFH’s officers and directors at the time of its initial public offering (the “Letter Agreement Amendment”), in order to align the definition of “Transfer” in such Letter Agreement with the definition of “Transfer” in those certain forward purchase agreements, entered into among NFH, NFPH and certain accredited investors in connection with NFH’s initial public offering.
Disposal of Beijing Youhujia Healthcare Management Co. Ltd.
On March 31, 2020, the Board (without Messrs. Leung, Wu and Zeng, each of whom recused themselves for this matter) approved the disposal of 80% of the equity interests in a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, Beijing Youhujia Healthcare Management Co. Ltd., which is mainly engaged in the provision of matron services for a total consideration of RMB 4.0 million, to Shanghai YD Care Medical Technology Co. Ltd., a related party. The consideration was determined with the assistance of an independent qualified valuator.
Proposed Going Private Transaction
On February 9, 2021, our board of directors received a preliminary non-binding proposal letter from the Buyer Group proposing to acquire all of our outstanding ordinary shares not already owned by the Buyer Group or their affiliates for US$12.00 per share in cash in a going private transaction. Our board of directors has formed a special committee consisting of three independent directors, Dr. Edward Leong Che-hung, Professor Frederick Ma Si-hang and Mr. Lawrence Chia, to consider the going private transaction. As of the date of this Annual Report, the special committee is still in the process of evaluating the proposal. For more details, see “Item 4.A. History and Development of the Company — Proposed Going Private Transaction.”
NFH Related Party Transactions
The following table shows the transactions between NFH and the related parties listed above for the periods presented:
| Predecessor | Successor | S/P Combined (non- IFRS) | Successor | |||||||||||||
| Transactions | Year Ended December 31 2018 | Period from January 1 to December 18 2019 | Period from December 19 to December 31 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2019 | Year Ended December 31 2020 | |||||||||||
| Repayment of related party loan to Shanghai Peiyun Medical Technology Co., Ltd., a fellow subsidiary of the Sponsor | — | — | — | — | 28,900 | |||||||||||
| Share subscriptions from Strategic Healthcare Holding Limited, a fellow subsidiary of the Sponsor | — | — | — | — | 29,456 | |||||||||||
| Purchase of nursing services from Beijing Youhujia Healthcare Management Co., Ltd.("Beijing YHJ") and Shanghai Youhujia Health Management Co., Ltd. ("Shanghai YHJ"), fellow subsidiaries of the Sponsor | — | — | — | — | 10,170 | |||||||||||
| Purchase of 75% equity of Precision clinic from Shanghai Niufeng Medical Technology Co., Ltd., a fellow subsidiary of the Sponsor | — | — | — | — | 8,000 | |||||||||||
| Management services to Shenzhen Sanjiu Hospital Co., Limited | — | — | 148 | 148 | 4,330 | |||||||||||
| Sale of 80% equity of Beijing YHJ to Shanghai YD Care Medical Technology Co. Ltd., a fellow subsidiary of the Sponsor | — | — | — | — | 4,000 | |||||||||||
| Purchases of medical services from Shanghai Fuji Medical Equipment Co., Limited, a subsidiary of Fosun | 1,006 | 1,746 | 75 | 1,821 | 1,828 | |||||||||||
| Donation to China United Foundation for China's Health (UFCH), a not-for-profit organization with significant influence by NFH CEO | — | — | — | — | 864 | |||||||||||
| Sale of medical consumables to China UFCH | — | — | — | — | 350 | |||||||||||
| Purchases of medical services from Shanghai Fosun Medical System Co., Limited, a subsidiary of Fosun | 59 | 83 | 142 | 234 | ||||||||||||
| Consulting services to Beijing YHJ and Shanghai YHJ | — | — | — | — | 219 | |||||||||||
| Purchases of medical equipment from Ample Up Limited, a subsidiary of Fosun, and Chindex Medical Limited, a subsidiary of Fosun | 882 | 16,865 | 67 | 16,932 | 85 | |||||||||||
| Management consulting services from TPG Healthy, L.P. ("TPG") and Fosun | 3,637 | 3,797 | — | 3,797 | — | |||||||||||
| Advances to senior executives(i) | 14,705 | — | 63,405 | 63,405 | — | |||||||||||
| Transaction bonus to senior executives | — | — | 4,553 | 4,553 | — | |||||||||||
| Transaction expense reimbursement to Fosun | — | — | 34,977 | 34,977 | — | |||||||||||
(i) Healthy Harmony provided interest bearing advances to senior executives. Amounts in 2018 were fully repaid by senior executives upon the completion of the merger transaction. Amount due from senior executives at 31 December 2019 was a balance due from a senior executive, which was promptly paid back in January 2020.
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| C. | Interests of Experts and Counsel |
Not applicable.
| Item 8 | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
| A. | Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information |
Financial Statements
Our financial statements are set forth under “Item 18. Financial Statements.”
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may become party to litigation or other legal proceedings that we consider to be a part of the ordinary course of our business. We are not currently involved in any legal proceedings that could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition or results of operations, other than the proceeding described below. As of the date of this report, we are not involved in any material legal proceeding. We may become involved in material legal proceedings in the future as part of the ordinary course of our business.
Dividend Policy
We currently intend to retain any earnings for use in our business and do not intend, as of the date of this report, to pay cash dividends on our ordinary shares for the foreseeable future. Dividends, if any, on our outstanding ordinary shares will be proposed by our Board of Directors and subject to the approval of our shareholders. Even if our shareholders decide to distribute dividends, the form, frequency and amount of such dividends will depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that our Board of Directors and shareholders may deem relevant.
| B. | Significant Changes |
No significant change has occurred other than as described in this report since the date of our most recent audited financial statements.
| Item 9 | THE OFFER AND LISTING |
| A. | Offer and Listing Details |
On July 3, 2018, NFC consummated its initial public offering (the “IPO”) of 28,750,000 units, with each unit consisting of one ordinary share and one-half of one redeemable warrant (the “public warrants”). NFC’s units, ordinary shares and warrants were listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbols, “NFC.U,” “NFC,” and “NFC WS,” respectively.
Upon consummation of the business combination, our ordinary shares and public warrants started trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbols “NFH” and “NFH WS,” respectively.
| B. | Plan of Distribution |
Not applicable.
| C. | Markets |
The New York Stock Exchange.
| D. | Selling Shareholders |
Not applicable.
| E. | Dilution |
Not applicable.
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| F. | Expenses of the Issue |
Not applicable.
| Item 10 | ADDITIONAL INFORMATION |
| A. | Share Capital |
Not applicable.
| B. | Memorandum and Articles of Association Objects |
Our Articles state that the objects for which the Company is established are unrestricted and the Company shall have full power and authority to carry out any object not prohibited by the laws of the Cayman Islands.
Directors
Our Articles do not restrict a director’s power to vote in respect of any contract or transaction in which he or she is interested (provided that the nature of the interest of any director in any such contract or transaction shall be disclosed by him or her at or prior to its consideration and any vote thereon), vote on compensation to themselves or any other members of their body in the absence of an independent quorum or exercise borrowing powers. There is no mandatory retirement age for our directors and our directors are not required to own securities of the Company in order to serve as directors.
Ordinary shares
Holders of ordinary shares are entitled to receive ratable dividends when and if declared by our Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor, subject to any rights of any outstanding series of preferred shares.
Upon our winding up, liquidation and dissolution and after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred shares having liquidation preferences, if any, holders of ordinary shares will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution.
The rights, powers and privileges of holders of our ordinary shares are subject to those of holders of any shares of our preferred shares or any other series or class of shares we may authorize and issue in the future.
Our ordinary shares are not subject to any sinking fund. All of our issued shares are fully paid up and none of our shareholders are liable for further capital calls. There are no provisions in the Articles that discriminate against any existing or prospective holder of our ordinary shares as a result of such shareholder owning a substantial number of shares.
Preferred Shares
Our Articles provide that preferred shares may be issued from time to time in one or more series. Our Board of Directors will be authorized to fix the voting rights, if any, designations, powers, preferences, the relative, participating, optional or other special rights and any qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, applicable to the shares of each series. Our Board of Directors will be able, without shareholder approval, to issue preferred shares with voting and other rights that could adversely affect the voting power and other rights of the holders of the ordinary shares and could have anti-takeover effects. The ability of the board to issue preferred shares without shareholder approval could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control of us or the removal of existing management. We have no preferred shares issued and outstanding at the date hereof. Although we do not currently intend to issue any preferred shares, we cannot assure you that we will not do so in the future.
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Voting and Election of Directors
Voting Power
Except as otherwise required by law or as otherwise provided in any certificate of designation for any series of preferred shares, the holders of ordinary shares will possess all voting power for the election of our directors and all other matters requiring shareholder action and will at all times vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders. Holders of ordinary shares will be entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters on which shareholders are entitled to vote generally, including the election or removal of directors. Holders of our ordinary shares will not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors.
Preemptive or Other Rights
There will be no sinking fund or redemption provisions applicable to our ordinary shares.
Election of Directors
Our board consists of nine directors. Each of our directors will have a term that expires at our next annual general meeting of shareholders, or until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified, or until their earlier resignation, removal or death. There will be no cumulative voting with respect to the election of directors, with the result that directors will be elected by a majority of the votes cast at an annual general meeting of NFH.
General Meetings
At least five clear days’ notice are required to be given of any general meeting, which notice shall specify the place, the day and the hour of the meeting and the general nature of the business to be conducted at the general meeting. No business will be transacted at any general meeting unless a quorum is present. The holders of a majority of the shares being individuals present in person or by proxy or if a corporation or other non-natural person by its duly authorized representative or proxy shall be a quorum. If a quorum is not present within half an hour from the time appointed for the meeting to commence or if during such a meeting a quorum ceases to be present, the meeting, if convened upon a shareholders’ request, will be dissolved and in any other case it shall stand adjourned to the same day in the next week at the same time and/or place or to such other day, time and/or place as the directors may determine, and if at the adjourned meeting a quorum is not present within half an hour from the time appointed for the meeting to commence, the shareholders present will be a quorum.
Annual General Meetings
Any annual general meeting will be held at such time and place as the directors shall appoint and if no other time and place is prescribed by them, it shall be held at the Registered Office on the second Wednesday in October of each year at ten o’clock in the morning. At these meetings the report of the directors (if any) shall be presented. Shareholders seeking to bring business before the annual general meeting or to nominate candidates for election as directors at the annual general meeting must deliver notice to the principal executive offices of the Company not later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to the scheduled date of the annual general meeting.
Extraordinary General Meetings
All general meetings other than annual general meetings are extraordinary general meetings. Shareholders holding not less than 10% in par value of the issued ordinary shares with voting rights can request, and the directors shall convene, extraordinary general meetings. Such shareholders’ request must state the objects of the meeting and must be signed by the requesting shareholders and deposited at the Registered Office.
If there are no directors as at the date of the deposit of the shareholders’ request or if the directors do not within twenty-one days from the date of such request duly proceed to convene a general meeting to be held within a further twenty-one days, the requesting shareholders, or any of them representing more than 50% of the total voting rights of all of the requesting shareholders, may themselves convene a general meeting, but any meeting so convened shall be held no later than the day which falls three months after the expiration of the said twenty-one day period.
Our Articles do not contain any provisions that would have an effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our Company. Our Articles provide that the Company shall have the power to merge or consolidate with one or more other constituent companies (as defined in the Cayman Islands Companies Law (2018 Revision)) upon such terms as our directors may determine and (to the extent required by the Cayman Islands Companies Law (2018 Revision)) with the approval of a Special Resolution.
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Our Articles do not contain any provisions governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.
Our Articles are not significantly different from the requirements of the Cayman Islands Companies Law (2018 Revision) and the conditions imposed by our Articles governing changes in capital are not more stringent than what is required by the Cayman Islands Companies Law (2018 Revision).
| C. | Material Contracts |
Irrevocable Proxies
In connection with the Closing, the Sponsor entered into irrevocable proxies (the “Irrevocable Proxies”) with certain shareholders, including New Frontier Group Ltd. (“NFG”) and entities affiliated with Messrs. Wu and Leung, pursuant to which each such shareholder agreed to grant an irrevocable proxy to the Sponsor to exercise all voting rights attaching to any ordinary shares held by such shareholders at all shareholder meetings of NFH.
Pursuant to the Irrevocable Proxies, such shareholders will have the right to transfer the ordinary shares held by such shareholders, and such transferred ordinary shares will continue to be subject to the Irrevocable Proxies only if the transferee is an affiliate of the transferring shareholder. The Irrevocable Proxies will terminate upon the Sponsor ceasing to hold any shares in NFH.
Nan Fung Letter Agreement
In connection with the Closing, on December 17, 2019, the Sponsor entered into a letter agreement (the “Nan Fung Letter Agreement”) with Nan Fung Group (“Nan Fung”), pursuant to which Nan Fung agreed to, at any shareholder meeting of NFH, (a) through voting proxies to be given by Nan Fung or otherwise, vote, or cause to be voted, all of the ordinary shares directly or indirectly owned or controlled by Nan Fung or its affiliates or over which Nan Fung or any of its affiliates has voting power to elect each and every person who is nominated by the Sponsor or whom is voted in favor of by the Sponsor (each, a “Relevant Nominee”) to serve as a director of NFH, and (b) not initiate, solicit or support any proxy process or contest to voting against, remove or replace any Relevant Nominee or take any similar action. The Nan Fung Letter Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (a) the second anniversary of the Closing, (b) the mutual consent of the Sponsor and Nan Fung, and (c) the date on which Nan Fung and its affiliates cease to hold any ordinary shares.
Director Support Letter Agreements
In connection with the Closing, on December 17, 2019, the Sponsor entered into letter agreements (the “Director Support Letter Agreements”) with certain shareholders, pursuant to which such shareholders agreed to, at any shareholder meeting of NFH, (a) vote all of the ordinary shares directly or indirectly owned or controlled by such shareholder or its affiliates or over which such shareholder or any of its affiliates has voting power, through voting proxies given by any other shareholder of NFH or otherwise, to elect each and every Relevant Nominee to serve as a director of NFH, and (b) not initiate, solicit or support any proxy process or contest to voting against, remove or replace any Relevant Nominee or take any similar action. Each Director Support Letter Agreement shall become effective upon the Closing and terminate upon the earlier of (a) the mutual consent of the Sponsor and the relevant shareholder, (b) the date on which the relevant shareholder and its affiliates cease to hold any ordinary shares and (c) the date on which Mr. Antony Leung ceases to serve as the chairman of NFG and Mr. Carl Wu ceases to serve as the chief executive officer of NFG.
Senior Secured Term Loan
In order to finance a portion of the purchase price in connection with the business combination and in connection with the Closing, NF Unicorn Chindex Holding Limited (the “Borrower”), a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of NFC, entered into a senior secured credit facility as of December 9, 2019 with China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd., New York Branch and Shanghai Pudong Development Bank Putuo Sub-Branch (上海浦东发展银行普陀支行) (“SPDB”) as arrangers and original lenders, and SPDB as agent and security agent (the “Senior Secured Term Facilities Agreement”), pursuant to which the original lenders provided a seven-year senior secured credit facility to the Borrower in an aggregate principal amount equal to RMB 2,094,600,000 (i.e., the RMB equivalent of $300,000,000) (the “Senior Secured Term Loan”).
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The Senior Secured Term Loan is denominated and was funded in offshore RMB into a free trade non-resident account of the Borrower opened with SPDB. Given that substantially all of UFH’s revenue and expenses are denominated in RMB, the Senior Secured Term Loan will not create currency exposure for the post-business combination company.
The Senior Secured Term Loan is subject to amortization commencing from 12 months after the utilization date of the Senior Secured Term Loan (i.e., December 17, 2019). The interest rate for the Senior Secured Term Loan is set at 100.00 per cent. of the applicable PBOC benchmark annual interest rate for loans denominated in RMB and with tenors of over five years, subject to annual adjustments to reflect the PBOC benchmark annual interest rate applicable as of January 1 each calendar year. As of the date of the Senior Secured Term Facilities Agreement, the interest rate was 4.90 per cent. per annum. The Borrower shall also pay the lenders under the Senior Secured Term Loan an arrangement fee at the rate of 1.3 per cent. per annum accruing on the lenders’ participation in the Senior Secured Term Loan (subject to adjustment pursuant to the relevant terms set forth in the Senior Secured Term Facilities Agreement).
Under the Senior Secured Term Facilities Agreement, the lenders will benefit from, among others things, the guarantee and security set out in the Senior Secured Term Facilities Agreement, including, on and from the Closing Date, guarantee and security to be provided by certain subsidiaries of UFH after the Closing.
The Senior Secured Term Facilities Agreement also contains certain mandatory prepayment requirements, which will require the Borrower to prepay all or a portion of the Senior Secured Term Loan upon occurrence of illegality, change of control, total sale, or upon receipt of proceeds from disposal, recovery, insurance claims, excess cash flow and Intra-Group Foreign Debt Repayment Proceeds (as defined in the Senior Secured Term Facilities Agreement).
The Senior Secured Term Facilities Agreement also incorporated certain representations and warranties (including, among other things, status, binding obligations, non-conflict with other obligations, power and authority, authorizations, governing law and enforcement, insolvency, no filing or stamp duty, no default, information package, accounts, disputes, compliance with laws, environmental laws, taxation, security, financial indebtedness and guarantee, good title to assets, legal and beneficial ownership, shares, intellectual property, group structure, pari passu ranking, acquisition documents, holding companies, ranking of security, deduction of tax, sanctions and anti-money laundering and anti-corruption), financial covenants (including a semi-annual net leverage ratio test), information undertakings (including, amongst others, delivery of annual audited consolidated financial statements and semi-annual unaudited consolidated financial statements) and other general undertakings (including, amongst others, authorizations, compliance with laws, taxes, mergers, change of business, acquisitions, joint ventures, preservation of assets, pari passu, negative pledge, disposals, arm’s length basis, loans, credit or guarantees, dividends and other restricted payments, financial indebtedness, acquisition documents and constitutional documents, insurances, holding companies, share capital, treasury transactions, sanctions/AML/anti-corruption, intellectual property, environmental compliance, general restrictions, cash account and cash pooling arrangements), in each case, subject to materiality, qualifications, baskets and other customary exceptions set forth in the Senior Secured Term Facilities Agreement.
For the purpose of credit protection, the Senior Secured Term Facilities Agreement also provided for certain events of default which may lead to an acceleration of the Senior Secured Term Loan and early repayment of the Senior Secured Term Loan (together with all accrued interests) at the option of the majority lenders and the acceleration of the Senior Secured Term Loan may lead to an enforcement of the relevant security granted in connection with the Senior Term Loan.
Lipson Employment Agreement
In connection with the consummation of the business combination, on December 17, 2019, the Company entered into an employment agreement (the “Lipson Employment Agreement”) with Roberta Lipson, pursuant to which Ms. Lipson will serve as the Company’s chief executive officer for an initial term of three years from the consummation of the business combination (subject to certain termination conditions to be set forth therein). The employment is subject to automatic renewal for one-year terms unless terminated by either Ms. Lipson or NFH.
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Ms. Lipson is entitled to an initial annual salary of $600,000 per annum and will be eligible for an annual bonus pursuant to the Company’s short-term cash incentive plan to be established by the compensation committee of our board of directors, along with certain other benefits.
In addition, upon the consummation of the business combination Ms. Lipson was appointed as a member of our board of directors and will be re-nominated at each subsequent annual meeting of our shareholders during her term of employment, subject to the requirements of the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”), for so long as she is at least a one-percent shareholder of the Company.
Lipson Registration Rights Agreement
In connection with the consummation of the business combination, on December 17, 2019, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement (the “Lipson Registration Rights Agreement”) with Ms. Lipson, the Benjamin Lipson Plafker Trust, the Daniel Lipson Plafker Trust, the Jonathan Lipson Plafker Trust and the Ariel Benjamin Lee Trust (the foregoing trusts together with Ms. Lipson, the “Lipson Parties”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to file a registration statement registering the resale of the ordinary shares issued to the Lipson Parties at the consummation of the business combination as promptly as reasonably practicable following the consummation of the business combination and use its best efforts to cause such registration statement to be declared effective under the Securities Act promptly thereafter. The shares were registered on a Form F-1 registration statement in January 2020.
Lipson Reinvestment Agreement
Concurrently with the entry into the Transaction Agreement, NFC entered into a reinvestment agreement (as amended, the “Lipson Reinvestment Agreement”) with the Lipson Parties, pursuant to which (i) all of the issued and outstanding Partnership Options held by Ms. Lipson at the consummation of the business combination (being 650,000 Partnership Options) were, upon the closing of the business combination, converted into vested NFH options and were exercised on a cashless basis and (ii) all of the issued and outstanding Partnership RSUs then held by Ms. Lipson (being 400,000 Partnership RSUs) were settled, in each case, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Partnership Equity Incentive Plan and the award agreements for Ms. Lipson thereunder in effect as of the time of such exercise or settlement.
In addition, upon the consummation of the business combination, all of the issued and outstanding limited partnership interests in Healthy Harmony (the “LP Interests”) received by Ms. Lipson upon settlement of the Partnership RSUs were canceled in consideration of an aggregate amount of ordinary shares equal to the number of the LP Interests so canceled multiplied by the purchase price per LP Interest.
The Lipson Parties also repaid all loans and interests owed by them to Healthy Harmony and HH GP prior to the consummation of the business combination.
The Lipson Parties also subscribed, concurrently with the consummation of the business combination, for an aggregate number of ordinary shares (the “Lipson Reinvestment Shares”) equal to $53,128,311 of their consideration under the Transaction Agreement and the Lipson Reinvestment Agreement for newly issued ordinary shares, at the subscription price of $10.00 per share, as adjusted for share subdivisions, share combinations, share dividends and similar events (the “NFC Share Reference Price”) per NFC Class A ordinary share. At the consummation of the business combination, all of the issued and outstanding NFC Class A ordinary shares, including the NFC Class A ordinary shares issued pursuant to the Lipson Reinvestment Agreement, will be reclassified as ordinary shares of the Company.
Under the Lipson Reinvestment Agreement, the Lipson Parties agreed that (i) they will not transfer any of the ordinary shares received by them at Closing at any time prior to six months from the date of Closing and (ii) at any time prior to the first anniversary of the consummation of the business combination, such holder’s beneficial ownership of the ordinary shares held by them will not fall below 90% of such holder’s beneficial ownership as of immediately after the consummation of the business combination; except in each case for (a) transfers among the Lipson Parties, (b) transfers as a gift to such person’s immediate family or to a trust, the beneficiary of which is a member of such person’s immediate family, an affiliate of such person or to a charitable organization, (c) by virtue of the laws of descent and distribution upon the death of such person, (d) pursuant to a qualified domestic relations order, or (e) in the event that the Company completes a liquidation, merger, share exchange or other similar transaction which results in all of its shareholders having the right to exchange their ordinary shares for cash, securities or other property; provided, however, that in the case of clauses (a) through (d) these permitted transferees must enter into a written agreement with the Company agreeing to be bound by these transfer restrictions. Such shares are also entitled to registration rights.
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On December 30, 2019, the Company paid RMB11.2 million to key management personnel, and accrued RMB 2.8 million for certain transaction bonuses for Ms. Lipson, as set forth in the Lipson Reinvestment Agreement.
Fosun Director Nomination Agreement
In connection with the consummation of the business combination, on December 18, 2019, the Company entered into a director nomination agreement (the “Fosun Director Nomination Agreement”) with Fosun Industrial Co., Limited (“Fosun”), pursuant to which Fosun nominated Mr. Qiyu Chen to our board of directors to serve as co-chairman. In addition, Fosun is entitled to nominate (i) three nominees (including one nominee for independent director) to our board of directors for so long as it beneficially owns at least 22.5% of the total number of ordinary shares then issued and outstanding, (ii) two nominees to our board of directors for so long as it beneficially owns at least 10.8%, but less than 22.5% of the total number of ordinary shares then issued and outstanding, or (iii) one nominee to our board of directors for so long as it beneficially owns at least 3.33%, but less than 10.8% of the total number of ordinary shares then issued and outstanding; provided that, in each case of (i) to (iii), if Mr. Qiyu Chen is nominated by Fosun to our board of directors, then Mr. Qiyu Chen shall serve as a co-chairman of our board of directors. Fosun shall also have the right to appoint one non-voting observer to our board of directors.
Pursuant to the Fosun Director Nomination Agreement, for so long as Fosun beneficially owns at least 3.33% of the total number of ordinary shares then issued and outstanding, the Sponsor shall vote all of the ordinary shares owned or controlled by it or over which it has voting power or otherwise has the right to direct the voting, to elect each and every director nominee of Fosun as a director to our board of directors and shall not initiate, solicit or support any proxy process or contest to voting against, remove or replace any such nominee or take similar action, and for so long as the Sponsor beneficially owns at least 3.33% of the total number of ordinary shares then issued and outstanding, Fosun shall vote all of the ordinary shares owned or controlled by it or over which it has voting power, to elect each and every “Nominee” of the Sponsor (as defined in the Sponsor Director Nomination Agreement (as defined below)) as a director to our board of directors and shall not initiate, solicit or support any proxy process or contest to voting against, remove or replace any such nominee or take similar action. The foregoing voting undertaking shall terminate upon delivery of a written notice from Fosun to NFH and the Sponsor at any time after the second anniversary of the consummation of the business combination.
The Fosun Director Nomination Agreement will terminate upon the earlier to occur of (i) Fosun ceasing to beneficially own at least 3.33% of the total number of ordinary shares then issued and outstanding and (ii) Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical (Group) Co., Ltd. ceasing to beneficially own a majority of the issued and outstanding securities in Fosun.
Fosun Rollover Agreement
Concurrently with the entry into the Transaction Agreement, the Company entered into a rollover agreement (the “Fosun Rollover Agreement”) with Fosun, pursuant to which Fosun subscribed for 9,400,000 ordinary shares, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share (the “Fosun Reinvestment Shares”). Fosun has registration rights with respect to the Fosun Reinvestment Shares, pursuant to which the Company was required to use its reasonable best efforts to (i) file a registration statement covering the resale of the Fosun Reinvestment Shares within thirty days after the Closing and (ii) cause such registration statement to be declared effective under the Securities Act promptly thereafter.
In addition, so long as Fosun remains entitled to nominate at least one individual for election to the Company’s Board of Directors pursuant to the Fosun Director Nomination Agreement, none of the Company’s subsidiaries may undertake any material action unless approved by the Company’s Board of Directors (or the applicable committee thereof), and in the event that the Company’s Board of Directors determines to identify candidates as a successor or replacement of the Chief Executive Officer, the Company will set up a CEO search committee to identify such candidates, which will include one director nominated by Fosun.
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In order to induce the Fosun to enter into the business combination and to roll over a significant portion of its equity interests in Healthy Harmony into ordinary shares, the Company also agreed, in the Fosun Rollover Agreement, not to adopt or maintain any shareholder rights plan, rights agreement or any “poison pill”, or take any other similar action that is reasonably expected to discourage, restrict or inhibit Fosun or any of its affiliates from acquiring or transferring ordinary shares, in each case, without the prior written consent of Fosun and unanimous approval of the Company’s Board of Directors.
Each of the Company and Fosun agreed to use their reasonable best efforts after the Closing to implement an insurance program for the Company’s subsidiaries substantially based on the terms and conditions set forth in the Fosun Rollover Agreement.
Vivo Director Nomination Agreement
In connection with the consummation of the business combination, on December 17, 2019, the Company entered into a director nomination agreement (the “Vivo Director Nomination Agreement”) with Vivo Capital Fund IX (Cayman), L.P. (“Vivo”), pursuant to which Vivo had the right to nominate for election two individuals to our board of directors at the consummation of the business combination. As such, Vivo nominated Shan Fu and Lawrence Chia to our board of directors. Pursuant to the Vivo Director Nomination Agreement, Vivo is entitled to nominate (i) two nominees (including at least one nominee for independent director) to our board of directors for so long as it beneficially owns at least 6.66% of the total number of ordinary shares then issued and outstanding or (ii) one nominee to serve as an independent director on our board of directors for so long as it beneficially owns at least 3.33%, but less than 6.66% of the total number of ordinary shares then issued and outstanding. Vivo shall also have the right to appoint one non-voting observer to our board of directors.
Pursuant to the Vivo Director Nomination Agreement, for so long as Vivo beneficially owns at least 3.33% of the total number of ordinary shares then issued and outstanding, the Sponsor shall vote all of the ordinary shares owned or controlled by it or over which it has voting power or otherwise has the right to direct the voting, to elect each and every director nominee of Vivo as a director to our board of directors and shall not initiate, solicit or support any proxy process or contest to voting against, remove or replace any such nominee or take similar action, and for so long as the Sponsor beneficially own at least 3.33% of the total number of ordinary shares then issued and outstanding, Vivo shall vote all of the ordinary shares owned or controlled by it or over which it has voting power, to elect each and every “Nominee” of the Sponsor (as defined in the Sponsor Director Nomination Agreement) as a director to our board of directors and shall not initiate, solicit or support any proxy process or contest to voting against, remove or replace any such nominee or take similar action. The foregoing voting undertaking shall terminate upon delivery of a written notice from Vivo to NFH and Sponsor at any time after the second anniversary of the consummation of the business combination.
The Vivo Director Nomination Agreement will terminate upon Vivo ceasing to beneficially own at least 3.33% of the total number of ordinary shares then issued and outstanding.
Vivo Letter Agreement
In connection with the entry into the Transaction Agreement, the Company, the Sponsor, Mr. Antony Leung and Mr. Carl Wu entered into a letter agreement with Vivo (“Vivo Letter Agreement”), pursuant to which the parties agreed that for so long as Vivo holds any Vivo Shares (as defined in the Vivo Letter Agreement), without the prior written consent of Vivo, none of Mr. Antony Leung, Mr. Carl Wu or the Sponsor may, and each of Mr. Antony Leung and Mr. Carl Wu shall procure their respective Relevant Holders and Controlled Affiliates (each as defined therein) to not, transfer any ordinary shares if such proposed transfer would cause the Founders Transfer Ratio (as defined in the Vivo Letter Agreement) to exceed the Vivo Transfer Ratio (as defined in the Vivo Letter Agreement) as of immediately after such transfer.
The Vivo Letter Agreement shall terminate upon the earliest to occur of (a) the fifth business day after written notice of termination by Vivo, (b) the date on which the Vivo Transfer Ratio is 100%, (c) the date on which the Transaction Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms prior to the Closing having taken place, and (d) subsequent to the Closing, the Company completes a liquidation, merger, share exchange or other similar transaction which results in all of its shareholders having the right to exchange their ordinary shares for cash, securities or other property except for any transaction where the ordinary shares outstanding immediately prior to such transaction are exchanged for securities representing, immediately following such transaction, at least a majority of the voting power of the surviving or resulting company.
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Sponsor Director Nomination Agreement
In connection with the consummation of the business combination, on December 17, 2019, the Company entered into a director nomination agreement (the “Sponsor Director Nomination Agreement”) with New Frontier Public Holding Ltd. (the “Sponsor”), pursuant to which the Sponsor has the right to nominate for election a number of individuals to our board of directors at the consummation of the business combination and at any time thereafter equal to the total number of directors to be so appointed or nominated, less the number of directors to be appointed or nominated by each of Vivo, Fosun and Ms. Lipson; provided that the Sponsor’s nominees shall include a number of individuals who will serve as independent directors such that, assuming such nominees are duly elected or appointed, as applicable, there will be at least three (3) independent directors on our board of directors following such election or appointment, as applicable. In accordance with the terms of the Sponsor Director Nomination Agreement, the Sponsor nominated David Zeng to our board of directors at the consummation of the business combination.
The Sponsor Director Nomination Agreement will terminate upon the Sponsor ceasing to beneficially own ordinary shares.
Management Reinvestment Agreements
In connection with the consummation of the business combination, on December 17, 2019, the Company entered into certain reinvestment agreements with Healthy Harmony and the Management Sellers (collectively, the “Management Reinvestment Agreements”), pursuant to which (a) all of the LP Interests (as defined therein) then held by the Management Sellers will be canceled in consideration of the right of the Management Sellers to receive from the Company, as soon as practicable after the consummation of the business combination, an aggregate amount equal to the number of the LP Interests so canceled multiplied by the purchase price per LP Interest, (b) (i) all of the Partnership Options (as defined therein) then held by the Management Sellers that are vested as of the consummation of the business combination will be canceled in consideration of the right of the Management Sellers to receive from the Company, as soon as practicable after the consummation of the business combination, in respect of each Partnership Option that is so canceled, an amount equal to the product of (x) the aggregate number of LP Interests subject to such Partnership Option (or portion thereof) and (y) the excess, if any, of the purchase price per LP Interest over the exercise price per LP Interest under such Partnership Option, and (ii) all of the Partnership Options then held by the Management Sellers that are not vested as of the consummation of the business combination will be converted into a number of unvested options of NFH in accordance with the Transaction Agreement; and (c) (i) all of the Partnership RSUs (as defined therein) then held by the Management Sellers that are vested as of the consummation of the business combination were canceled in consideration of the right of the Management Sellers to receive from the Company, as soon as practicable after the consummation of the business combination, an aggregate amount equal to the aggregate number of LP Interests underlying the Partnership RSUs so canceled, multiplied by the purchase price per LP Interest, and (ii) all of the Partnership RSUs then held by the Management Sellers that were not vested as of the consummation of the business combination were converted into a number of unvested RSUs of the Company in accordance with the Transaction Agreement.
The Management Sellers also subscribed, in connection with the consummation of the business combination, for an aggregate number of ordinary shares (the “Management Reinvestment Shares”) equal to (a) their respective aggregate cancellation consideration under the Management Reinvestment Agreements less their respective cash-out amounts, divided by (b) the NFC Share Reference Price (as defined therein).
An aggregate cash amount of approximately $17,850,148 (subject to any withholding or deduction under applicable laws and certain adjustments) was paid to the Management Sellers and an aggregate of approximately $16,665,306 of NFH ordinary shares were issued to the Management Sellers in accordance with the terms of the Management Reinvestment Agreements at the consummation of the business combination. An aggregate of approximately $3,718,374 of NFH Options and NFH RSUs are expected to be issued to the Management Sellers in respect of their outstanding RSUs and options of Healthy Harmony. Approximately $12 million of the $17,850,148 paid to the Management Sellers will be withheld for individual income tax in China, which was incurred due to the exercise of the options and the vesting of the RSUs. Net of individual income tax, the Management Sellers rolled over approximately 78% of the value of their LP Interests, Partnership Options and Partnership RSUs into NFH ordinary shares, NFH Options and NFH RSUs.
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The Management Reinvestment Shares are generally subject to a one-year lock-up, subject to certain exceptions.
Indemnification Agreement
In connection with the consummation of the business combination, we entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. These agreements provide that the director or officer will be indemnified by us to the fullest extent permitted by law against liability and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him or her in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding which he or she becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of his or her being or having been such a director or officer of and against amounts paid or incurred by him or her in the resolution thereof. The agreements are subject to certain exceptions, including, among other exceptions, that no indemnification will be provided to any director or officer against any liability to us or our shareholders (i) by reason of payment made under an insurance policy or any third party that has no recourse against the indemnitee director or officer; or (ii) if contrary to applicable law.
Other Material Contracts
Information concerning the Company’s material contracts governing the business of the Company is included elsewhere in this report or in the information incorporated by reference herein.
| D. | Exchange Controls |
Under the laws of the Cayman Islands, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our ordinary shares.
| E. | Taxation |
The following is a summary of the material Cayman Islands and U.S. tax consequences of acquiring, owning and disposing of securities.
The following is a general discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of ordinary shares and public warrants by U.S. holders and non-U.S. holders (each as defined below). This discussion is based on provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (whether final, temporary or proposed), administrative rulings of the IRS and judicial decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof, and all of which are subject to differing interpretations or change, possibly with retroactive effect. Any such change or differing interpretation could affect the accuracy of the statements and conclusions set forth herein. This discussion is for general purposes only and does not purport to be a complete analysis or listing of all potential U.S. federal income tax considerations that may apply to holders as a result of the ownership and disposition of ordinary shares and public warrants. In addition, this discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to particular holders, nor does it take into account the individual facts and circumstances of any particular holder that may affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences to such holder. Accordingly, it is not intended to be, and should not be construed as, tax advice. This discussion does not address the U.S. federal 3.8% Medicare tax imposed on certain net investment income or any aspects of U.S. federal taxation other than those pertaining to the income tax, nor does it address any tax consequences arising under any U.S. state and local, or non-U.S., tax laws. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding such tax consequences in light of their particular circumstances. No ruling has been requested or will be obtained from the IRS regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the business combination or any other related matter; thus, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge the U.S. federal income tax treatment described below or that, if challenged, such treatment will be sustained by a court.
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This discussion is limited to U.S. federal income tax considerations relevant to U.S. holders and non-U.S. holders that hold any ordinary shares and public warrants, as “capital assets” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment). This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to particular holders in light of their individual circumstances, including holders subject to special treatment under the U.S. tax laws, such as, for example:
| · | an anchor investor; |
| · | a dealer in securities or currencies; |
| · | a financial institution; |
| · | a regulated investment company; |
| · | a real estate investment trust; |
| · | an insurance company; |
| · | a tax-exempt organization; |
| · | a person holding ordinary shares or public warrants, as part of a hedging, integrated or conversion transaction, a constructive sale or a straddle; |
| · | a trader in securities that has elected the mark-to-market method of accounting; |
| · | a person liable for alternative minimum tax; |
| · | a person who owns or is deemed to own 10% or more (by vote or value) of the equity of NFH; |
| · | a partnership or other pass-through entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes; |
| · | a person required to accelerate the recognition of any item of gross income with respect to public shares, ordinary shares or public warrants as a result of such income being recognized on an applicable financial statement; or |
| · | a U.S. holder whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar. |
For the purposes of this discussion, the term “U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of ordinary shares or public warrants, that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
| · | an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; |
| · | a corporation (or other entity that is classified as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that is created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia; |
| · | an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or |
| · | trust (i) if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (ii) that has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes. |
For purposes of this discussion, a “non-U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of ordinary shares or public warrants, that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership (or an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership) for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
If a partnership, including for this purpose any entity or arrangement that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, holds ordinary shares or public warrants, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in such partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder that is a partnership and the partners in such partnership should consult their tax advisors with regard to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of ordinary shares and public warrants.
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THIS SUMMARY DOES NOT PURPORT TO BE A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OR DESCRIPTION OF ALL POTENTIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF NFH PUBLIC SHARES AND PUBLIC WARRANTS. HOLDERS OF ORDINARY SHARES OR PUBLIC WARRANTS SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE PARTICULAR TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF ORDINARY SHARES AND PUBLIC WARRANTS, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECTS OF U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND OTHER TAX LAWS.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Ownership and Disposition of Ordinary Shares or Public Warrants
The following is a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of ordinary shares or public warrants.
U.S. Holders
Distributions on Ordinary Shares
Subject to the discussion below under “— Passive Foreign Investment Company Status,” the gross amount of any distributions on ordinary shares will be taxable as dividends from foreign sources to the extent paid out of NFH’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Any such dividends paid to corporate U.S. holders generally will not qualify for the dividends-received deduction that may otherwise be allowed under the Code. To the extent that the amount of any distribution exceeds NFH’s current and accumulated earnings and profits for a taxable year, the distribution will first be treated as a tax-free return of capital, causing a reduction in the tax basis of the ordinary shares, and to the extent the amount of the distribution exceeds the U.S. holder’s tax basis, the excess will be taxed as capital gain recognized on a sale or exchange, as described below under “— Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of Ordinary Shares or Public Warrants.” We do not, however, expect NFH to determine earnings and profits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. Therefore, you should expect that a distribution will generally be treated as a dividend.
With respect to non-corporate U.S. investors, certain dividends received from a qualified foreign corporation may be subject to reduced rates of taxation. A foreign corporation is treated as a qualified foreign corporation with respect to dividends paid by that corporation on shares that are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. United States Treasury Department guidance indicates that the ordinary shares, which are listed on the NYSE, are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. There can be no assurance, however, that ordinary shares will be considered readily tradable on an established securities market in later years. Non-corporate holders that do not meet a minimum holding period requirement during which they are not protected from the risk of loss or that elect to treat the dividend income as “investment income” pursuant to Section 163(d)(4) of the Code will not be eligible for the reduced rates of taxation regardless of NFH’s status as a qualified foreign corporation. In addition, the rate reduction will not apply to dividends if the recipient of a dividend is obligated to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. This disallowance applies even if the minimum holding period has been met. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of these rules to their particular circumstances. NFH will not constitute a qualified foreign corporation for purposes of these rules if it is a PFIC for the taxable year in which it pays a dividend or for the preceding taxable year. See “— Passive Foreign Investment Company Status.”
Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of Ordinary Shares or Public Warrants
Subject to the discussion below under “— Passive Foreign Investment Company Status”, a U.S. holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss on any sale, exchange, redemption or other taxable disposition of ordinary shares or public warrants in an amount equal to the difference between (i) the amount realized on the disposition and (ii) such U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in such shares or warrants. Any such capital gain or loss recognized by a U.S. holder on a taxable disposition of ordinary shares or public warrants generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if the holder’s holding period in such shares or warrants exceeds one year at the time of the disposition. Preferential tax rates may apply to long-term capital gains of non-corporate U.S. holders (including individuals). The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any gain or loss recognized by a U.S. holder on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of ordinary shares or public warrants generally will be treated as U.S. source gain or loss.
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Exercise or Lapse of a Public Warrant
Subject to the discussion below under “— Passive Foreign Investment Company Status” and except as discussed below with respect to the cashless exercise of a warrant, a U.S. holder generally will not recognize gain or loss upon the acquisition of public shares on the exercise of a public warrant for cash. A U.S. holder’s tax basis in public shares received upon exercise of the public warrant generally will equal the sum of the U.S. holder’s initial investment in the public warrant and the exercise price. It is unclear whether a U.S. holder’s holding period for the public shares will commence on the date of exercise of the public warrant or the day following the date of exercise of the public warrant; in either case, the holding period will not include the period during which the U.S. holder held the public warrant. If a public warrant is allowed to lapse unexercised, a U.S. holder generally will recognize a capital loss equal to such holder’s tax basis in the public warrant.
The tax consequences of a cashless exercise of a warrant are not clear under current law. A cashless exercise may not be taxable, either because the exercise is not a realization event or because the exercise is treated as a recapitalization for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In either situation, a U.S. holder’s tax basis in the public shares received generally would equal the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the public warrants. If the cashless exercise was not a realization event, it is unclear whether a U.S. holder’s holding period for the public shares will commence on the date of exercise of the public warrants or the day following the date of exercise of the public warrants. If the cashless exercise were treated as a recapitalization, the holding period of the public shares would include the holding period of the public warrants.
It is also possible that a cashless exercise may be treated as a taxable exchange in which gain or loss would be recognized. In such event, a U.S. holder may be deemed to have surrendered public warrants with an aggregate fair market value equal to the exercise price for the total number of public warrants to be exercised. The U.S. holder would recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the fair market value of the public warrants deemed surrendered and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in such warrants. In this case, a U.S. holder’s tax basis in the public shares received would equal the sum of the U.S. holder’s initial investment in the public warrants exercised and the exercise price of such warrants. It is unclear whether a U.S. holder’s holding period for the public share would commence on the date of exercise of the public warrant or the day following the date of exercise of the public warrant.
Due to the absence of authority on the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a cashless exercise, there can be no assurance which, if any, of the alternative tax consequences and holding periods described above would be adopted by the IRS or a court of law. Accordingly, U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of a cashless exercise.
Possible Constructive Distributions
The terms of each public warrant provide for an adjustment to the number of public shares for which the public warrant may be exercised or to the exercise price of the public warrant in certain events, as discussed in this report. An adjustment which has the effect of preventing dilution generally is not taxable. The U.S. holders of the public warrants may, however, be treated as receiving a constructive distribution from NFH if the adjustment increases the public warrant holders’ proportionate interest in NFH’s assets or earnings and profits, for example through an increase in the number of ordinary shares that would be obtained upon exercise as a result of a distribution of cash to the holders of ordinary shares which is taxable to the U.S. holders of such ordinary shares as described under “— Distributions on Ordinary Shares” above. Thus, in the event of a constructive distribution, U.S. holders of the public warrants may recognize income even though they would not receive any cash or property.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Status
Based on the projected composition of our income and assets, and the projected income of NFH and the projected valuation of NFH’s assets, including goodwill, NFH believes that it may not be a PFIC for 2020, although as discussed below, there is a significant risk that NFH will be a PFIC for its 2020 year. However, there is a significant risk that NFH will be treated as a PFIC for 2020.
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In general, a corporation will be a PFIC for any taxable year in which:
| · | at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or |
| · | at least 50% of the value (determined based on a quarterly average) of its assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. |
For this purpose, passive income generally includes dividends, interest, royalties and rents (other than royalties and rents derived in the active conduct of a trade or business and not derived from a related person). If NFH owns at least 25% (by value) of the stock of another corporation, for purposes of the PFIC determination, it will be treated as owning a proportionate share of the other corporation’s assets and receiving a proportionate share of the other corporation’s income.
There is a significant risk that after the business combination, NFH may be a PFIC for its 2020 fiscal year under the asset or income test . NFH’s actual PFIC status for 2020 or any subsequent taxable year will not be determinable until after the end of such taxable year. Accordingly, there can be no assurance with respect to NFH’s status as a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year.
The determination of whether NFH is a PFIC is made annually. Accordingly, it is possible that after the business combination NFH’s PFIC status may change due to changes in its asset or income composition. Because NFH will value its goodwill based on the market value of its ordinary shares, a decrease in the price of ordinary shares may also result in NFH becoming a PFIC. In addition, the extent to which our goodwill should be characterized as an active asset is not entirely clear. If NFH is a PFIC for any taxable year, shareholders will be subject to special tax rules discussed below.
If or NFH is a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. holder holds ordinary shares and such holder does not make a timely mark-to-market election, as described below, such holder will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” received and any gain realized from a sale or other disposition, including a pledge, of such ordinary shares. Distributions received in a taxable year will be treated as excess distributions to the extent that they are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or the holding period for the ordinary shares. Under these special tax rules:
| · | the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over the U.S. holder’s holding period for the ordinary shares, |
| · | the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which NFH is a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income, and |
| · | the amount allocated to each other year will be subject to tax at the highest tax rate in effect for that year and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year. |
If NFH is a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. holder holds public warrants, under proposed U.S. Treasury regulations, the public warrants will be considered options to acquire stock of a PFIC, the disposition of which will generally be subject to the special tax rules described herein.
Although the determination of whether NFH is a PFIC is made annually, if NFH is a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. holder holds public shares, ordinary shares or public warrants, such holder will generally be subject to the special tax rules described above for that year and for each subsequent year in which the U.S. holder holds ordinary shares or public warrants (even if NFH does not qualify as a PFIC in such subsequent years). However, if NFH ceases to be a PFIC, shareholders can avoid the continuing impact of the PFIC rules by making a special election to recognize gain as if the ordinary shares or public warrants had been sold on the last day of the last taxable year during which NFH was a PFIC. Holders of ordinary shares or public warrants are urged to consult their own tax advisors about this election.
In lieu of being subject to the special tax rules discussed above, U.S. holders may make a mark-to-market election with respect to ordinary shares provided such ordinary shares are treated as “marketable stock.” The ordinary shares generally will be treated as marketable stock if they are regularly traded on a “qualified exchange or other market” (within the meaning of the applicable Treasury regulations). It is intended that the ordinary shares will be listed on the NYSE, which is a qualified exchange, but no assurance can be given that the ordinary shares will be “regularly traded” for purposes of the mark-to-market election. In addition, given the fact that the public warrants will not qualify as “marketable stock”, holders of public warrants will not be eligible to make a market-to-market election in respect of their ownership of public warrants.
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If a U.S. holder makes an effective mark-to-market election, for each taxable year that NFH is a PFIC, such holder will include as ordinary income the excess of the fair market value of the ordinary shares at the end of the year over its adjusted tax basis in the ordinary shares. U.S. holders will be entitled to deduct as an ordinary loss in each such year the excess of their adjusted tax basis in the ordinary shares over the fair market value of the ordinary shares at the end of the year, but only to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election. A U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in the ordinary shares will be increased by the amount of any income inclusion and decreased by the amount of any deductions under the mark-to-market rules. In addition, upon the sale or other disposition of ordinary shares in a year that NFH is a PFIC, any gain will be treated as ordinary income and any loss will be treated as ordinary loss, but only to the extent of the net amount of previously included income as a result of the mark-to-market election.
A mark-to-market election will be effective for the taxable year for which the election is made and all subsequent taxable years unless the ordinary shares are no longer regularly traded on a qualified exchange or other market, or the IRS consents to the revocation of the election. Holders of ordinary shares are urged to consult their tax advisors about the availability of the mark-to-market election, and whether making the election would be advisable in their particular circumstances.
Alternatively, the special tax rules described above can sometimes be avoided by shareholders that elect to treat a PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” under Section 1295 of the Code. However, this option is not available to U.S. holders of ordinary shares because NFH does not intend to comply with the requirements necessary to permit U.S. holders to make this election after the business combination.
If NFH is a PFIC for any taxable year and any of its non-U.S. subsidiaries is also a PFIC, U.S. holders will be treated as owning a proportionate amount (by value) of the shares of the lower-tier PFIC for purposes of the application of the PFIC rules. U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisors about the application of the PFIC rules to any subsidiaries of NFH.
U.S. holders who hold ordinary shares in any year in which NFH is classified as a PFIC will generally be required to file IRS Form 8621. U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding ordinary shares if NFH is considered a PFIC in any taxable year.
Non-U.S. Holders
In general, a non-U.S. holder of ordinary shares or public warrants will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax or, subject to the discussion below under “— Information Reporting and Backup Withholding,” U.S. federal withholding tax on any dividends received on ordinary shares (including any constructive dividends as discussed above “— U.S. Holders — Possible Constructive Distributions”) or any gain recognized on a sale or other disposition of ordinary shares or public warrants unless:
| · | the dividend or gain is effectively connected with such non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable tax treaty, is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the non-U.S. holder in the United States); or |
| · | in the case of gain only, such non-U.S. holder is a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year of the sale or disposition, and certain other requirements are met. |
A non-U.S. holder described in the first bullet point immediately above will be subject to tax on the dividend or gain in the same manner as if the non-U.S. holder were a United States person as defined under the Code. In addition, if any non-U.S. holder described in the first bullet point immediately above is a corporation, the dividend or gain may be subject to a branch profits tax equal to 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable tax treaty) of such non-U.S. holder’s effectively connected earnings and profits for the taxable year, as adjusted for certain items. An individual non-U.S. holder described in the second bullet point immediately above will be subject to a 30% (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty) tax on the gain derived from the sale or other disposition, which gain may be offset by United States source capital losses even though the individual is not considered a resident of the United States. Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding any applicable tax treaties that may provide for different rules.
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The U.S. federal income tax treatment of a non-U.S. holder’s exercise of a warrant, or the lapse of a warrant held by a non-U.S. holder, generally will correspond to the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the exercise or lapse of a warrant by a U.S. holder, as described under “— U.S. Holders — Exercise or Lapse of a Public Warrant,” above, although to the extent a cashless exercise results in a taxable exchange, the consequences would be similar to those described in the preceding paragraphs above for a non-U.S. holder’s gain on the sale or other disposition of ordinary shares and public warrants.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
In general, information reporting requirements may apply to dividends received by U.S. holders of ordinary shares (including any constructive dividends as discussed above under “— U.S. Holders — Possible Constructive Distributions”), and the proceeds received by U.S. holders on the redemption of public shares or the sale or other disposition of ordinary shares or public warrants effected in the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries, in each case other than with respect to U.S. holders that are exempt recipients (such as corporations). Backup withholding (currently at a rate of 24%) may apply to such amounts if the U.S. holder fails to provide an accurate taxpayer identification number (generally on an IRS Form W-9 provided to the paying agent or the U.S. holder’s broker) or a certification that such holder is not subject to backup withholding.
Certain U.S. holders holding ordinary shares or public warrants with an aggregate value in excess of the applicable dollar threshold are required to report information to the IRS relating to the ordinary shares or public warrants, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for ordinary shares or public warrants held in accounts maintained by U.S. financial institutions), by attaching a complete IRS Form 8938, Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets, with their tax return for each year in which they hold the ordinary shares or public warrants. Such U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding information reporting requirements relating to their ownership of ordinary shares or public warrants.
For a non-U.S. holder, dividends paid with respect to ordinary shares (including any constructive dividends as discussed above under “— U.S. Holders — Possible Constructive Distributions”) and proceeds from the redemption of public shares or the sale or other disposition of ordinary shares or public warrants effected in the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding unless such non-U.S. holders furnishes to the applicable withholding agent the required certification as to its non-U.S. status, such as by providing a valid IRS Form W-8BEN, IRS Form W-8BEN-E or IRS Form W-8ECI, or otherwise establishes an exemption.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or credit against a holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.
Cayman Islands Tax Considerations
The following is a discussion on certain Cayman Islands income tax consequences of an investment in the securities of the Company. The discussion is a general summary of present law, which is subject to prospective and retroactive change. It is not intended as tax advice, does not consider any investor’s particular circumstances, and does not consider tax consequences other than those arising under Cayman Islands Law.
Under Existing Cayman Islands Laws:
Payments of dividends and capital in respect of our securities will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of the securities nor will gains derived from the disposal of the securities be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax. The Cayman Islands currently have no income, corporation or capital gains tax and no estate duty, inheritance tax or gift tax.
No stamp duty is payable in respect of the issue of the warrants. An instrument of transfer in respect of a warrant is stampable if executed in or brought into the Cayman Islands.
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No stamp duty is payable in respect of the issue of our Class A ordinary shares or on an instrument of transfer in respect of such shares.
The Company has been incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability and, as such, has applied for and expects to obtain an undertaking from the Financial Secretary of the Cayman Islands in the following form:
The Tax Concessions Law
Undertaking as to Tax Concessions
In accordance with the provision of Section 6 of The Tax Concessions Law, the Financial Secretary undertakes with New Frontier Corporation (“the Company”):
| 1. | That no law which is hereafter enacted in the Cayman Islands imposing any tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations shall apply to the Company or its operations; and |
| 2. | In addition, that no tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations or which is in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax shall be payable: |
| 2.1 | On or in respect of the shares, debentures or other obligations of the Company; or 2.2 by way of the withholding in whole or part, of any relevant payment as defined in the Tax Concessions Law. |
These concessions shall be for a period of twenty years from the date hereof.
F. Dividends and Paying Agents
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
We are subject to the information requirements of the Exchange Act, except that as a foreign issuer, we will not be subject to the proxy rules or the short-swing profit disclosure rules of the Exchange Act. In accordance with these statutory requirements, we will file or furnish reports and other information with the SEC, which you may inspect and copy at the Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet website that contains reports and other information about issuers, like us, that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is www.sec.gov. You may also access information about the Company through our corporate website www.nfh.com.cn. The information contained in both websites is not incorporated by reference into this report.
Not applicable.
| Item 11 | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT RISK |
A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk
Our Board of Directors has overall responsibility for establishing and monitoring our risk management objectives and policies. While it retains ultimate responsibility for risk management, it has delegated the day to day monitoring to the executive management team to design and operate processes that ensure effective implementation of the risk management objectives and policies, with periodic reports to the board. Our audit committee will also review the risk management policies and processes, and report findings to the board. The overall objective of the board is to set policies that seek to reduce risk as far as possible without unduly affecting our competitiveness and flexibility. We do not use market risk-sensitive instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
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The risks and methods for managing the risks are reviewed regularly, in order to reflect changes in market conditions and our activities. Through training, management standards and procedures, we aim to develop a disciplined and constructive control environment in which all our employees understand their roles and obligations. The principal risks and uncertainties facing the business, set out below, do not appear in any particular order of potential materiality or probability of occurrence.
Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rate. Foreign currency exchange risk arises when we enter into transactions denominated in a currency other than our functional currency. We generate 100% of our revenue and incur approximately 98% of our expenses in RMB within China, however, a portion of our earnings are typically transferred from China and converted into U.S. dollars or other currencies to pay certain of these expenses, including to service our offshore debt financing (which is denominated in RMB). RMB are not freely traded and is closely controlled by the Chinese government. The U.S. dollar is freely traded and has recently experienced volatility in world markets. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the RMB appreciated approximately 6.5% against the USD, resulting in net exchange rate losses to us of RMB 49,389,000.
As part of our risk management program, we perform sensitivity analyses to assess potential changes in revenue, operating results, cash flows and financial position relating to hypothetical movements in currency exchange rates. Our sensitivity analysis of changes in the fair value of the RMB to the USD at December 31, 2020 indicated that if the RMB increased or decreased in value by 1% relative to the USD, with all other variables held constant, our pre-tax profit/loss for the year ended December 31, 2020 would have been RMB 10,620,000 lower or higher, respectively.
According to China’s National Bureau of Statistics, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, the consumer price index in China, was 2.1%, 2.9% and 2.5%, respectively. Neither deflation nor inflation has had a significant impact on our results of operations in these years.
We also periodically evaluate the convenience of using derivatives and other financial instruments to hedge our foreign exchange rate exposure, with the objective of maximizing and preserving the substantial U.S. dollar denomination of our cash flows, when possible. We did not have any exchange rate related financial instruments in place as of December 31, 2020.
Our exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to our bank borrowings with floating interest rates. Management closely monitors the fluctuation of such rates periodically.
For additional information, please see note 28 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.
Credit risk mainly arises from cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and trade receivables. We maintain all our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash in banks and financial institutions with good credit ratings and no recent history of default. Therefore, there is no significant credit risk on such assets being exposed to losses.
For additional information, please see note 28 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.
Cash flow forecasting is performed in the operating entities of the company in and aggregated by our finance. Our finance monitors rolling forecasts of our liquidity requirements to ensure we have sufficient cash to meet operational needs while maintaining sufficient headroom at all times so that we do not breach borrowing limits or covenants (where applicable) on any of our borrowing facilities. Such forecasting takes into consideration our debt financing plans, and covenant compliance.
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For additional information, please see note 28 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.
| Item 12 | DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES |
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
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| Item 13 | DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES |
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
| Item 14 | MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS |
Not applicable.
| Item 15 | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
A. Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of December 31, 2020.
Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that are filed or submitted under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission and to ensure the information required to be disclosed is accumulated and communicated to management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Based upon this evaluation, our management, with the participation of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective, due to the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting as described below.
B. Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act as a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the IASB and includes those policies and procedures that:
| · | pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transaction and dispositions of the assets of the company; |
| · | provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the IASB, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and |
| · | provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. |
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13(a)-13(f) and 15(d)-15(f) under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of December 31, 2020. In making this assessment, it used the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
Based on their assessment, management concluded that we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, due to a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, described below, related to the accounting for the warrants. Notwithstanding this material weakness, management has concluded that our financial statements included in this Annual Report on 20-F are fairly stated in all material respects in accordance with IFRS for each of the periods presented herein.
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C. Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
This report does not include an attestation report of internal controls from our independent registered public accounting firm due to our status as an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act.
D. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
In connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31 2019, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. The material weakness identified was the lack of sufficient financial reporting personnel with requisite knowledge and experience in application of SEC rules.
We have implemented a number of measures to address this material weakness, including (i) hiring additional financial reporting personnel with SEC reporting experience from reputable accounting firms; (ii) expanding the capabilities of existing financial reporting personnel through continuous training and education in the reporting requirements under SEC rules and regulations; (iii) enhancing effective monitoring and oversight controls for non-recurring and complex transactions, including additional review by our chief financial officer, chief accounting officer, and other senior finance staff over critical accounting judgments and estimates, reporting and disclosures; and (iv) improving our overall internal controls by engaging an independent advisory firm to assist us in assessing the design and effectiveness of our execution of internal controls in accordance with the compliance requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
As of December 31, 2020, based on an assessment performed by our management on the performance of the remediation measures described above, we determined that the material weakness previously identified in our internal control over financial reporting had been remediated.
Material Weakness as of December 31, 2020
As discussed above, our management concluded that we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, due to a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. Our controls to evaluate the accounting of the warrants issued by NFC in July 2018 did not operate effectively to appropriately apply the provisions of IAS 32.16. In response to this material weakness, management has expended, and will continue to expend, a substantial amount of effort and resources for the remediation and improvement of our internal control over financial reporting. While we have processes to identify and evaluate the appropriate accounting technical pronouncements and other literature for all significant or unusual transactions, we are improving these processes by acquiring enhanced access to accounting literature, research materials and documents and increased communication among our personnel and third-party professionals with whom we consult regarding the application of complex accounting matters. Our remediation plan can only be accomplished over time and will be continually reviewed to determine that it is achieving its objectives. We can offer no assurance that these initiatives will ultimately have the intended effects. Other than as described above, there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this annual report on Form 20-F that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
| Item 16 | Reserved |
| Item 16A. | Audit Committee Financial Expert |
Our board of directors has determined that Frederick Ma Si-hang is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the SEC item 16A of Form 20-F. All members of the audit committee are independent directors as defined in the NYSE corporate governance standards and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act.
| Item 16B. | Code of Ethics |
New Frontier Health Corporation has adopted a Code of Ethics applicable to New Frontier Health Corporation’s directors, executive officers and employees. The Code of Ethics codifies the business and ethical principles that govern all aspects of New Frontier Health Corporation’ business. A copy of the Code of Ethics will be provided without charge upon written request to New Frontier Health Corporation in writing to the Company’s General Counsel at 10 Jiuxianqiao Road, Hengtong Business Park, B7 Building, 1/F, Chaoyang District, 100015, Beijing, China. New Frontier Health Corporation intends to disclose any amendments to or waivers of certain provisions of New Frontier Health Corporation’ Code of Ethics in a Current Report on Form 6 K (as required) or on New Frontier Health Corporation’s website.
| Item 16C. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services |
Ernst & Young Hua Ming LLP (“EY Hua Ming”) have acted as our principal accountants for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. The following table sets forth the aggregate fees by the categories specified below in connection with certain professional services rendered by EY Hua Ming for the period indicated. We did not pay any other fees to our principal accountants during the period indicated below.
| RMB (in thousands) | For the year ended December 31, 2019 | For the year ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||
| Audit Fees(1) | $ | 3,600 | 7,400 | |||||
| Audit-Related Fees(2) | 1,100 | - | ||||||
| Tax Fees(3) | 910 | 515 | ||||||
| Total | $ | 5,610 | 7,915 | |||||
(1) Audit Fees. “Audit Fees” represent the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered by our principal accountants for the audit of our consolidated financial statements and assistance with and review of documents filed with the SEC.
(2) Audit-Related Fees. “Audit-Related Fees” represent the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered by our principal accountants for the assurance and related services, which are not included under “Audit Fees” above.
(3) Tax Fees. “Tax Fees” represent the aggregate fees billed for professional tax services rendered by our principal accountants.
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Pre-approval Policies
The Company’s audit committee approves all auditing services and permitted non-audit services performed for the Company by its independent auditor in advance of an engagement. All auditing services and permitted non-audit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed for the Company by its independent auditor must be approved by the audit committee in advance, subject to the de minimis exceptions for non-audit services described in Section 10A(i)(1)(B) of the Exchange Act which are approved by the committee prior to the completion of the audit.
| Item 16D. | Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees |
No exemptions from the listing standards for our audit committee.
| Item 16E. | Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers |
Not applicable.
| Item 16F. | Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant |
On December 17, 2019, in connection with the consummation of the business combination, the board of directors approved the dismissal of WithumSmith+Brown, PC (“Withum”) as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and the engagement of Ernst & Young Hua Ming LLP (“EY Hua Ming”), Healthy Harmony’s auditors, as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, effective upon the Closing on December 18, 2019.
The reports of Withum on the Company’s balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 and the related statements of operations, cash flows and changes in shareholders’ equity for the period from March 28, 2018 (date of inception) to December 31, 2018 did not contain an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion, and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainties, audit scope or accounting principles.
During the period from March 28, 2018 (date of inception) to December 31, 2018 and the subsequent interim period through December 18, 2019, there were no disagreements between the Company and Withum on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of Withum, would have caused it to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreements in its reports on the Company’s financial statements for such periods. During the period from March 28, 2018 (date of inception) to December 31, 2018 and the subsequent interim period through December 18, 2019, there were no reportable events (as defined in Item 16F(a)(1)(v) of Form 20-F).
The Company provided Withum with a copy of the foregoing disclosures and Withum has furnished the Company with a letter addressed to the SEC stating it agrees with the statements made by us set forth above.
During the period from March 28, 2018 (date of inception) to December 31, 2018 and the subsequent interim period through December 18, 2019, neither we, nor anyone on our behalf consulted with EY Hua Ming, on behalf of us, regarding the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction (either completed or proposed), or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on our financial statements, and neither a written report nor oral advice was provided to us that EY Hua Ming concluded was an important factor considered by us in reaching a decision as to any accounting, auditing, or financial reporting issue, or any matter that was either the subject of a disagreement (as defined in Item 16F(a) (1)(iv) of Form 20-F) or a reportable event (as defined in Item 16F(a)(1)(v) of Form 20-F).
| Item 16G. | Corporate Governance |
Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, are considerably different than the standards applied to U.S. domestic issuers. We are exempt from certain corporate governance requirements of the NYSE by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. For example, we are not required to:
| · | have a majority of the board be independent; |
| · | have regularly scheduled executive sessions with only non-management directors; |
102
| · | have a fully independent nominating and corporate governance committee; |
| · | have at least one executive session of solely independent directors each year; or |
| · | seek shareholder approval for (i) the implementation and material revisions of the terms of share incentive plans, (ii) the issuance of more than 1% of our outstanding ordinary shares or 1% of the voting power outstanding to a related party, (iii) the issuance of more than 20% of our outstanding ordinary shares, and (iv) an issuance that would result in a change of control. |
We have elected to follow home country practice with respect to the above. Other than these practices, there have been no significant differences between our corporate governance practices and those followed by U.S. domestic companies under the requirements of NYSE rules.
| Item 16H. | Mine Safety Disclosure |
Not applicable.
103
| Item 17 | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
We have responded to Item 18 in lieu of this item.
| Item 18 | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
Financial Statements are filed as part of this report, see page F-1.
| Item 19 | EXHIBITS |
104
* Filed herewith.
105
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
| Date: June 4, 2021 | NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION CORP. | |
| By: | /s/ Roberta Lipson | |
| Name: Roberta Lipson | ||
| Title: Chief Executive Officer | ||
106
Contents
| F-1 |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of New Frontier Health Corporation
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of New Frontier Health Corporation (the “Company” or “Successor”) as of 31 December 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income/(loss), changes in equity and cash flows for the year ended 31 December 2020 (the Successor), for the period from 19 December 2019 to 31 December 2019 (the Successor), for the period from 1 January 2019 to 18 December 2019 of Healthy Harmony Holdings, L.P. and its subsidiaries (the “Predecessor”) and for the year ended 31 December 2018 (the Predecessor), and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Successor at 31 December 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended 31 December 2020 and for the period from 19 December 2019 to 31 December 2019, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”). Further, in our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the Predecessor’s results of its operations and its cash flows for the period from 1 January 2019 to 18 December 2019 and for the year ended 31 December 2018, in conformity with IFRS.
Adoption of New Accounting Standard
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed its method for accounting for leases on 1 January 2019.
Restatement of the 2019 Financial Statements
As discussed in Note 31 to the consolidated financial statements, the 2019 consolidated financial statements have been restated to correct a misstatement.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
| F-2 |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (continued)
Basis for Opinion continued
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Ernst & Young Hua Ming LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.
Beijing, the People’s Republic of China
4 June 2021
| F-3 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”), except for per share data)
| Notes | Year ended | Period from (Restated) | Period from | Year ended 31 December 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Successor (NFH) | Predecessor (HHH) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | 5 | 2,260,505 | 80,035 | 2,369,167 | 2,058,779 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||
| Salaries, wages and benefits | 6 | (1,186,715 | ) | (79,215 | ) | (1,346,478 | ) | (1,187,738 | ) | ||||||||||
| Supplies and purchased medical services | (420,393 | ) | (18,241 | ) | (381,954 | ) | (303,579 | ) | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 10,11,12 | (425,160 | ) | (14,931 | ) | (329,453 | ) | (138,639 | ) | ||||||||||
| Lease and rental expenses | 12 | (2,508 | ) | (739 | ) | (13,167 | ) | (201,670 | ) | ||||||||||
| Impairment of trade receivables | 15 | (7,378 | ) | (528 | ) | (6,512 | ) | (16,329 | ) | ||||||||||
| Other operating expenses | (296,757 | ) | (165,776 | ) | (308,005 | ) | (287,128 | ) | |||||||||||
| Loss from operations | (78,406 | ) | (199,395 | ) | (16,402 | ) | (76,304 | ) | |||||||||||
| Other income and expenses | |||||||||||||||||||
| Finance income | 7 | 2,727 | 779 | 2,127 | 2,543 | ||||||||||||||
| Finance costs | 7 | (263,810 | ) | (29,503 | ) | (132,730 | ) | (19,420 | ) | ||||||||||
| Foreign exchange losses | (49,389 | ) | (2,641 | ) | (13,120 | ) | (34,190 | ) | |||||||||||
| Gain on disposal of subsidiaries | 3,558 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Liquidation of a foreign operation | - | - | - | 26,429 | |||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | 24 | (112,729 | ) | (7,592 | ) | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Other (loss)/income, net | (6,097 | ) | (5,798 | ) | 171 | 6,645 | |||||||||||||
| Loss before income tax | (504,146 | ) | (244,150 | ) | (159,954 | ) | (94,297 | ) | |||||||||||
| Income tax (expense)/benefit | 8 | (27,708 | ) | 6,261 | (68,424 | ) | (59,749 | ) | |||||||||||
| Loss for the period | (531,854 | ) | (237,889 | ) | (228,378 | ) | (154,046 | ) | |||||||||||
| Attributable to: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Owners of the parent | (505,570 | ) | (236,497 | ) | (200,441 | ) | (129,998 | ) | |||||||||||
| Non-controlling interests | (26,284 | ) | (1,392 | ) | (27,937 | ) | (24,048 | ) | |||||||||||
| (531,854 | ) | (237,889 | ) | (228,378 | ) | (154,046 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Loss per share attributed to ordinary equity holders of the parent | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | (3.85 | ) | (1.80 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | (3.85 | ) | (1.80 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| F-4 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVEINCOME/(LOSS) (CONTINUED)
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”), except for per share data)
| Notes | Year ended | Period from (Restated) | Period from | Year ended 31 December 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Successor (NFH) | Predecessor (HHH) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Loss for the period | (531,854 | ) | (237,889 | ) | (228,378 | ) | (154,046 | ) | |||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income/(loss) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income/ (loss) that may be reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods, net of tax: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations | 61,914 | 2,811 | 7,934 | 24,270 | |||||||||||||||
| Liquidation of a foreign operation | - | - | - | (26,429 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the period, net of tax | 61,914 | 2,811 | 7,934 | (2,159 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive loss for the period | (469,940 | ) | (235,078 | ) | (220,444 | ) | (156,205 | ) | |||||||||||
| Attributable to: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Owners of the parent | (443,656 | ) | (233,686 | ) | (192,507 | ) | (132,157 | ) | |||||||||||
| Non-controlling interests | (26,284 | ) | (1,392 | ) | (27,937 | ) | (24,048 | ) | |||||||||||
| (469,940 | ) | (235,078 | ) | (220,444 | ) | (156,205 | ) | ||||||||||||
| F-5 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”), except for number of shares and per share data)
| Notes | 31 December 2020 | 31 December 2019 | |||||||||
| (Restated) | |||||||||||
| NON-CURRENTS ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment | 10 | 2,014,904 | 1,962,781 | ||||||||
| Goodwill | 13 | 6,085,650 | 6,056,253 | ||||||||
| Intangible assets | 11 | 2,526,777 | 2,584,893 | ||||||||
| Investment in an associate | 1,000 | - | |||||||||
| Right-of-use assets | 12 | 1,651,748 | 1,773,007 | ||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | 19 | 46,785 | 59,001 | ||||||||
| Restricted cash | 16 | 350 | 350 | ||||||||
| Other non-current assets | 73,021 | 106,121 | |||||||||
| Total non-current assets | 12,400,235 | 12,542,406 | |||||||||
| CURRENT ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Inventories | 14 | 92,268 | 56,592 | ||||||||
| Trade receivables | 15 | 218,971 | 215,376 | ||||||||
| Amounts due from related parties | 20 | 10,129 | 66,923 | ||||||||
| Prepayments and other current assets | 53,509 | 38,323 | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | 16 | - | 376,715 | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 16 | 640,429 | 1,353,300 | ||||||||
| Total current assets | 1,015,306 | 2,107,229 | |||||||||
| Total assets | 13,415,541 | 14,649,635 | |||||||||
| CURRENT LIABILITIES | |||||||||||
| Trade payables | 89,056 | 99,082 | |||||||||
| Contract liabilities | 5 | 350,146 | 270,196 | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 17 | 425,940 | 882,158 | ||||||||
| Amounts due to related parties | 20 | 3,283 | 4,045 | ||||||||
| Tax payable | 1,260 | 15,278 | |||||||||
| Lease liabilities | 12 | 89,181 | 90,521 | ||||||||
| Interest-bearing bank borrowings | 18 | 6,027 | 400,325 | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 964,893 | 1,761,605 | |||||||||
| F-6 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION (CONTINUED)
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”), except for number of shares and per share data)
| Notes | 31 December 2020 | 31 December 2019 | |||||||||
| (Restated) | |||||||||||
| NET CURRENT ASSETS | 50,413 | 345,624 | |||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES | 12,450,648 | 12,888,030 | |||||||||
| NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES | |||||||||||
| Interest-bearing bank borrowings | 18 | 2,054,649 | 2,060,933 | ||||||||
| Contract liabilities | 5 | 68,577 | 67,873 | ||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | 19 | 665,962 | 681,715 | ||||||||
| Lease liabilities | 12 | 1,595,570 | 1,661,182 | ||||||||
| Warrant liabilities | 27 | 385,486 | 298,192 | ||||||||
| Other non-current liabilities | 9,016 | 9,358 | |||||||||
| Total non-current liabilities | 4,779,260 | 4,779,253 | |||||||||
| Net assets | 7,671,388 | 8,108,777 | |||||||||
| EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Equity attributable to owners of the parent | |||||||||||
| Ordinary shares (US$0.0001 par value; 490,000,000 shares authorized; 131,356,980 shares issued, fully paid and outstanding at 31 December 2020 and 2019, respectively) | 21 | 91 | 91 | ||||||||
| Capital surplus | 8,284,694 | 8,252,143 | |||||||||
| Foreign currency translation reserves | 58,294 | (3,620) | |||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (881,196 | ) | (375,626 | ) | |||||||
| 7,461,883 | 7,872,988 | ||||||||||
| Non-controlling interests | 209,505 | 235,789 | |||||||||
| Total equity | 7,671,388 | 8,108,777 | |||||||||
| F-7 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”), except for number of shares)
Attributable to owners of the parent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor (NFH) |
Ordinary shares | Capital surplus | Foreign currency translation reserves | Accumulated deficit | Total | Non- controlling interests | Total equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At 1 January 2020 (Restated) | 131,356,980 | 91 | 8,252,143 | (3,620 | ) | (375,626 | ) | 7,872,988 | 235,789 | 8,108,777 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss for the year | - | - | - | - | (505,570 | ) | (505,570 | ) | (26,284 | ) | (531,854 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income for the year: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange differences related to foreign operations | - | - | - | 61,914 | - | 61,914 | - | 61,914 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year | - | - | - | 61,914 | (505,570 | ) | (443,656 | ) | (26,284 | ) | (469,940 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Recognition of share-based compensation expenses (Notes 6, 22) | - | - | 692 | - | - | 692 | - | 692 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares subscribed in connection with acquisition of a subsidiary (Note23) | - | - | 31,859 | - | - | 31,859 | - | 31,859 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At 31 December 2020 | 131,356,980 | 91 | 8,284,694 | 58,294 | (881,196 | ) | 7,461,883 | 209,505 | 7,671,388 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| F-8 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (CONTINUED)
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”), except for number of shares)
| Attributable to owners of the parent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor (NFH) | Ordinary shares | Capital surplus | Foreign currency translation reserves | Accumulated deficit | Total | Non- controlling interests | Total equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At 19 December 2019 (Restated) | 131,356,980 | 91 | 8,241,629 | (6,431 | ) | (139,129 | ) | 8,096,160 | 237,181 | 8,333,341 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss for the period | - | - | - | - | (236,497 | ) | (236,497 | ) | (1,392 | ) | (237,889 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income for the period: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange differences related to foreign operations | - | - | - | 2,811 | - | 2,811 | - | 2,811 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the period | - | - | - | 2,811 | (236,497 | ) | (233,686 | ) | (1,392 | ) | (235,078 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Recognition of share-based compensation expenses (Notes 6, 22) | - | - | 10,514 | - | - | 10,514 | - | 10,514 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At 31 December 2019 (Restated) | 131,356,980 | 91 | 8,252,143 | (3,620 | ) | (375,626 | ) | 7,872,988 | 235,789 | 8,108,777 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| F-9 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (CONTINUED)
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”), except for number of limited partnership interest units)
| Attributable to owners of the parent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor (HHH) | Limited partnership interests | Capital surplus | Foreign currency translation reserves | Accumulated deficit | Total | Non- controlling interests | Total equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Units | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At 1 January 2019 | 24,444,862 | 150,550 | 3,485,320 | 68,397 | (396,235 | ) | 3,308,032 | 31,616 | 3,339,648 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss for the period | - | - | - | - | (200,441 | ) | (200,441 | ) | (27,937 | ) | (228,378 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income for the period: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange differences related to foreign operations | - | - | - | 7,934 | - | 7,934 | - | 7,934 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the period | - | - | - | 7,934 | (200,441 | ) | (192,507 | ) | (27,937 | ) | (220,444 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Recognition of share-based compensation expenses (Notes 6, 22) | - | - | 34,403 | - | - | 34,403 | - | 34,403 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of share-based compensation (Note 22) | 405,349 | 2,835 | (2,620 | ) | - | - | 215 | - | 215 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital contribution from NFH | - | - | 190,300 | - | - | 190,300 | - | 190,300 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cancelation of 0.63% of the issued and outstanding limited partnership units (Note 1) | (553,190 | ) | (3,871 | ) | 3,871 | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| At 18 December 2019 | 24,297,021 | 149,514 | 3,711,274 | 76,331 | (596,676 | ) | 3,340,443 | 3,679 | 3,344,122 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| F-10 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (CONTINUED)
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”), except for number of limited partnership interest units)
| Attributable to owners of the parent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor (HHH) | Limited partnership interests | Capital surplus | Foreign currency translation reserves | Accumulated deficit | Total | Non- controlling interests | Total equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Units | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At 1 January 2018 | 24,312,502 | 149,638 | 3,457,440 | 70,556 | (266,237 | ) | 3,411,397 | 55,664 | 3,467,061 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss for the year | - | - | - | - | (129,998 | ) | (129,998 | ) | (24,048 | ) | (154,046 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the year: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange differences related to foreign operations | - | - | - | 24,270 | - | 24,270 | - | 24,270 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liquidation of a foreign operation | - | - | - | (26,429 | ) | - | (26,429 | ) | - | (26,429 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive loss for the year | - | - | - | (2,159 | ) | (129,998 | ) | (132,157 | ) | (24,048 | ) | (156,205 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Recognition of share-based compensation expenses (Notes 6, 22) | - | - | 18,418 | - | - | 18,418 | - | 18,418 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of share-based compensation (Note 22) | 132,360 | 912 | 9,462 | - | - | 10,374 | - | 10,374 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At 31 December 2018 | 24,444,862 | 150,550 | 3,485,320 | 68,397 | (396,235 | ) | 3,308,032 | 31,616 | 3,339,648 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| F-11 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”))
| Notes | Year ended 31 December 2020 | Period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 (Restated) | Period from 1 January to 18 December 2019 | Year ended 31 December 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Successor (NFH) | Predecessor (HHH) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loss before tax | (504,146 | ) | (244,150 | ) | (159,954 | ) | (94,297 | ) | |||||||||||
| Adjustments for: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 10,11,12 | 425,160 | 14,931 | 329,453 | 138,639 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss on disposal of property and equipment and intangible assets | 3,030 | 1,675 | 723 | 355 | |||||||||||||||
| Covid-19 related rent concessions from lessors | 12 | (6,846 | ) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Gain on modification of leases | 12 | (1,816 | ) | - | (89 | ) | - | ||||||||||||
| Impairment of trade receivables | 15 | 7,378 | 528 | 6,512 | 16,329 | ||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 6,22 | 692 | 10,514 | 34,403 | 18,418 | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange losses | 49,389 | 2,641 | 13,120 | 34,190 | |||||||||||||||
| Liquidation of a foreign operation | - | - | - | (26,429 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Gain on disposal of subsidiaries | (3,558 | ) | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Finance income | 7 | (2,727 | ) | (779 | ) | (2,127 | ) | (2,543 | ) | ||||||||||
| Finance costs | 7 | 263,810 | 29,503 | 132,730 | 19,420 | ||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | 24 | 112,729 | 7,592 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in working capital: | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Increase)/decrease in inventories | (35,781 | ) | 1,318 | (600 | ) | (17,489 | ) | ||||||||||||
| (Increase)/decrease in trade receivables, prepayments and other current assets | (34,201 | ) | 190,197 | (174,485 | ) | (7,529 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Decrease in restricted cash | 382,294 | - | 26,272 | 1,717 | |||||||||||||||
| Decrease/(increase) in amounts due from related parties | 20 | 56,794 | (66,780 | ) | 32,527 | (3,742 | ) | ||||||||||||
| (Decrease)/increase in trade payables, contract liabilities, accrued expenses and other current liabilities | (230,314 | ) | (30,357 | ) | 181,214 | 137,433 | |||||||||||||
| (Decrease)/ increase in amounts due to related parties | (967 | ) | 1,852 | (348 | ) | 1,841 | |||||||||||||
| Changes in other non-current assets and liabilities | 4,227 | (128 | ) | 1,915 | (1,019 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Interest received | 1,308 | 1,011 | 1,979 | 2,506 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest paid | (176,723 | ) | - | (30,462 | ) | (21,589 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Income tax paid | (44,517 | ) | - | (76,144 | ) | (65,231 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net cash flows from/(used in) operating activities | 265,215 | (80,432 | ) | 316,639 | 130,980 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | (309,458 | ) | (43,188 | ) | (337,289 | ) | (517,924 | ) | |||||||||||
| Purchases of intangible assets | (3,532 | ) | (2,483 | ) | (4,482 | ) | (12,693 | ) | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from disposal of subsidiaries, net of transaction costs | 3,637 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Acquisition of a subsidiary, net of cash received | 23 | (10,336 | ) | - | - | (4,331 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net cash flows used in investing activities | (319,689 | ) | (45,671 | ) | (341,771 | ) | (534,948 | ) | |||||||||||
| F-12 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”))
| Notes | Year ended 31 December 2020 | Period from | Period from 1 January to 18 December 2019 | Year ended 31 December 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Successor (NFH) | Predecessor (HHH) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from interest-bearing bank borrowings | - | - | - | 126,386 | |||||||||||||||
| Repayments of interest-bearing bank borrowings | (414,712 | ) | - | (22,097 | ) | (22,751 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Repayments of loans provided by a related party | 20 | (28,900 | ) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Proceeds from subscription of shares | 20 | 29,557 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Lease payments | 12 | (217,179 | ) | (9,702 | ) | (167,864 | ) | - | |||||||||||
| Net cash flows (used in)/from financing activities | (631,234 | ) | (9,702 | ) | (189,961 | ) | 103,635 | ||||||||||||
| Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (685,708 | ) | (135,805 | ) | (215,093 | ) | (300,333 | ) | |||||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange rate changes, net | (27,163 | ) | (4,895 | ) | 5,642 | 5,034 | |||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 1,353,300 | 1,494,000 | 596,613 | 891,912 | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | 640,429 | 1,353,300 | 387,162 | 596,613 | |||||||||||||||
| F-13 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 1. | General information |
New Frontier Health Corporation (“NFH”, the “Company”), formerly known as New Frontier Corporation prior to 18 December 2019, was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on 28 March 2018 as a special purpose acquisition company and formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. The Company’s sponsor is New Frontier Public Holding Ltd. (the “Sponsor”), a Cayman Islands exempted company.
The registration statement for the Company’s Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) was declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on 27 June 2018. On 3 July 2018, the Company consummated its IPO of 28,750,000 units, each consisting of one Class A ordinary share and one-half of one public warrant (or 14,375,000 public warrants), generating gross proceeds of US$287.5 million. Concurrently with its IPO, the Company consummated the sale of 7,750,000 warrants at a price of US$1.00 per warrant in a private placement to the Sponsor, generating gross proceeds of US$7.75 million. The Company has neither engaged in any operations nor generated revenues from the date of incorporation through 18 December 2019.
Healthy Harmony Holdings, L.P. (“HHH”, the “Partnership”) was established in Cayman Islands on 29 July 2013 as a limited partnership. Healthy Harmony GP, Inc. (“HH GP”) is the sole general partner of the Partnership, and has neither engaged in any operations nor generated revenues from the date of incorporation through 18 December 2019. The Partnership and its subsidiaries operate healthcare facilities and provide healthcare services under the United Family Healthcare (“UFH”) brand in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”).
On 18 December 2019 (the “Closing Date”), NFH consummated a business combination by acquiring all the issued and outstanding equity interests of HH GP, and 99.37% of the issued and outstanding limited partnership interests (the “LP interests”) of the Partnership (collectively, the “Business Combination”). As part of the Business Combination, the remaining 0.63% of the issued and outstanding LP Interests of the Partnership held by certain members of management was cancelled on the Closing Date.
| F-14 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
1. General information continued
Information about subsidiaries
Particulars of the Company’s principal subsidiaries are as follows:
| Entity name | Place and date of incorporation | Registered capital | Percentage of equity attributable to the Company | Principal activities | ||||||||||||
| Direct | Indirect | |||||||||||||||
| Chindex International, Inc. (“Chindex”)* | Delaware, U.S. 17 June 2002 | - | - | 100 | % | Investment holding | ||||||||||
| Beijing United Family Health Center Co., Ltd. | PRC, 25 March 1996 | US$2,980 | - | 100 | % | Healthcare services | ||||||||||
| Shanghai United Family Hospital, Co., Ltd. | PRC, 17 July 2002 | US$4,120 | - | 100 | % | Healthcare services | ||||||||||
| Beijing United Family Hospital Management Co., Ltd. | PRC, 22 October 2002 | RMB10,333 | - | 100 | % | Healthcare services | ||||||||||
| Beijing United Family Hospital Co., Ltd. | PRC, 28 July 2010 | US$12,400 | - | 100 | % | Healthcare services | ||||||||||
| Tianjin United Family Hospital Co., Ltd. | PRC, 16 December 2010 | US$6,000 | - | 100 | % | Healthcare services | ||||||||||
| Beijing United Family Rehabilitation Hospital Co., Ltd. | PRC, 14 February 2012 | US$12,000 | - | 100 | % | Healthcare services | ||||||||||
| Qingdao United Family Hospital Co., Ltd. | PRC, 24 December 2013 | US$9,600 | - | 100 | % | Healthcare services | ||||||||||
| Guangzhou United Family Hospital Co., Ltd. | PRC, 27 September 2016 | US$40,000 | - | 100 | % | Healthcare services | ||||||||||
| Beijing United Family Jingbei Women and Children Hospital Co., Ltd. | PRC, 28 March 2018 | US$16,000 | - | 100 | % | Healthcare services | ||||||||||
| Shanghai Xincheng United Family Hospital Co., Ltd. | PRC, 14 November 2016 | US$33,000 | - | 70 | % | Healthcare services | ||||||||||
*Chindex’s investments comprise of investments in wholly owned subsidiaries, which operate healthcare facilities and provide healthcare services under the UFH brand in the PRC.
| F-15 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies |
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below.
| 2.1 | Basis of preparation |
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”), which comprise all standards and interpretations approved by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). These financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except for warrant liabilities which have been measured at fair value. These financial statements are presented in Renminbi (“RMB”) and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand except when otherwise stated.
As a result of the Business Combination, HHH and HH GP are the acquirees and HHH is determined to be the accounting “Predecessor”. HHH was determined to be the accounting “Predecessor” because NFH and HH GP had no operations prior to the Business Combination. Upon the closing of the Business Combination, NFH succeeded all the business and operations of HHH. The Company’s financial statement presentation distinguishes a Predecessor for periods prior to the Closing Date. NFH is the “Successor” for the periods starting from the Closing Date, which includes the consolidated financial results of HHH.
The transactions were accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting, and the Successor financial statements reflect a new basis of accounting for HHH that is based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. See Note 23, Business Combination for further discussion. As a result of the application of the acquisition method of accounting as of the Closing Date, the financial statements for the Predecessor periods and for the Successor periods are presented on a different basis of accounting and are, therefore, not comparable. The historical information of NFH prior to the Business Combination has not been reflected in the Company’s financial statements prior to 19 December 2019, as it was not deemed the Predecessor.
In the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Successor periods are from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020 (“2020 Successor Period”) and 19 December 2019 to 31 December 2019 (“2019 Successor Period”), and the Predecessor periods are from 1 January 2019 to 18 December 2019 (“2019 Predecessor Period”) and 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018 (“2018 Predecessor Period”). Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income/(loss) of NFH prior to the closing of the Business Combination is recorded in the opening accumulated deficit as of 19 December 2019 and not presented separately.
| F-16 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.1 | Basis of preparation continued |
Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries for 2020 Successor Period and 2019 Successor Period ended 31 December 2020 and 31 December 2019, respectively, and the financial statements of the Partnership and its subsidiaries for 2019 Predecessor Period and 2018 Predecessor Period ended 18 December 2019 and 31 December 2018, respectively. The Company and its subsidiaries and the Partnership and its subsidiaries are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Group”. A subsidiary is an entity, directly or indirectly, controlled by the Company. Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee (i.e., existing rights that give the Group the current ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee).
When the Company has, directly or indirectly, less than a majority of the voting or similar rights of an investee, the Group considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether it has power over an investee, including:
| (a) | the contractual arrangement with the other vote holders of the investee; |
| (b) | rights arising from other contractual arrangements; and |
| (c) | the Group’s voting rights and potential voting rights. |
The financial statements of the subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting period as the Company, using consistent accounting policies. The results of subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which the Group obtains control, and continue to be consolidated until the date that such control ceases.
Profit or loss and each component of other comprehensive income (“OCI”) are attributed to the owners of the parent of the Group and to the non-controlling interests, even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance. All intra-group assets and liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows relating to transactions between members of the Group are eliminated in full on consolidation.
The Group reassesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control described above. A change in the ownership interest of a subsidiary, without a loss of control, is accounted for as an equity transaction.
If the Group loses control over a subsidiary, it derecognizes (i) the assets (including goodwill) and liabilities of the subsidiary, (ii) the carrying amount of any non-controlling interest and (iii) the cumulative translation differences recorded in equity; and recognizes (i) the fair value of the consideration received, (ii) the fair value of any investment retained and (iii) any resulting surplus or deficit in profit or loss. The Group’s share of components previously recognized in OCI is reclassified to profit or loss or retained profits, as appropriate, on the same basis as would be required if the Group had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities.
| F-17 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.1 | Basis of preparation continued |
Restatement of previously issued consolidated financial statements
The Company has restated its consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2019, consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income/(loss), consolidated statement of changes in equity, and the consolidated statement of cash flows for the 2019 Successor Period, to correct a misstatement related to the accounting for warrant instruments.
See Note 31, Restatement of previously issued consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the restatement adjustments made to the 2019 Successor Period consolidated financial statements.
| F-18 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.2 | Changes in accounting policies and disclosures |
The Group has adopted the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2018 and the following revised IFRSs for the first time for the current year’s financial statements.
| Amendments to IFRS 3 | Definition of a Business |
Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 7 | Interest Rate Benchmark Reform |
| Amendment to IFRS 16 | Covid-19-Related Rent Concessions (early adopted) |
| Amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8 | Definition of Material |
The nature and impact of Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2018 and the revised IFRSs are described below:
| (a) | Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2018 (the “Conceptual Framework”) sets out a comprehensive set of concepts for financial reporting and standard setting, and provides guidance for preparers of financial statements in developing consistent accounting policies and assistance to all parties to understand and interpret the standards. The Conceptual Framework includes new chapters on measurement and reporting financial performance, new guidance on the derecognition of assets and liabilities, and updated definitions and recognition criteria for assets and liabilities. It also clarifies the roles of stewardship, prudence and measurement uncertainty in financial reporting. The Conceptual Framework is not a standard, and none of the concepts contained therein override the concepts or requirements in any standard. The Conceptual Framework did not have any significant impact on the financial position and performance of the Group. |
| (b) | Amendments to IFRS 3 clarify and provide additional guidance on the definition of a business. The amendments clarify that for an integrated set of activities and assets to be considered a business, it must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output. A business can exist without including all of the inputs and processes needed to create outputs. The amendments remove the assessment of whether market participants are capable of acquiring the business and continue to produce outputs. Instead, the focus is on whether acquired inputs and acquired substantive processes together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. The amendments have also narrowed the definition of outputs to focus on goods or services provided to customers, investment income or other income from ordinary activities. Furthermore, the amendments provide guidance to assess whether an acquired process is substantive and introduce an optional fair value concentration test to permit a simplified assessment of whether an acquired set of activities and assets is not a business. The Group has applied the amendments prospectively to transactions or other events that occurred on or after 1 January 2020. The amendments did not have any impact on the financial position and performance of the Group. |
| (c) | Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 7 address the effects of interbank offered rate reform on issues affecting financial reporting in the period before the replacement of an existing interest rate benchmark with an alternative risk-free rate (“RFR”). The amendments provide temporary reliefs which enable hedge accounting to continue during the period of uncertainty before the replacement of an existing interest rate benchmark introduction of the alternative RFR. In addition, the amendments require companies to provide additional information to investors about their hedging relationships which are directly affected by these uncertainties. The amendments did not have any impact on the financial position and performance of the Group as the Group does not have any interest rate hedging relationships. |
| F-19 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.2 | Changes in accounting policies and disclosures continued |
| (d) | Amendment to IFRS 16 provides a practical expedient for lessees to elect not to apply lease modification accounting for rent concessions arising as a direct consequence of the covid-19 pandemic. The practical expedient applies only to rent concessions occurring as a direct consequence of the pandemic and only if (i) the change in lease payments results in revised consideration for the lease that is substantially the same as, or less than, the consideration for the lease immediately preceding the change; (ii) any reduction in lease payments affects only payments originally due on or before 30 June 2021; and (iii) there is no substantive change to other terms and conditions of the lease. The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 June 2020 with earlier application permitted and shall be applied retrospectively. |
During the year ended 31 December 2020, certain monthly lease payments for the leases of the Group’s buildings have been reduced or waived by the lessors as a result of the pandemic and there are no other changes to the terms of the leases. The Group has early adopted the amendment on 1 January 2020 and elected not to apply lease modification accounting for all rent concessions granted by the lessors as a result of the pandemic during the year ended 31 December 2020. Accordingly, a reduction in the lease payments arising from the rent concessions of RMB6,846 has been accounted for as a variable lease payment by derecognising part of the lease liabilities and crediting to profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 2020.
| (e) | Amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8 provide a new definition of material. The new definition states that information is material if omitting, misstating or obscuring it could reasonably be expected to influence decisions that the primary users of general purpose financial statements make on the basis of those financial statements. The amendments clarify that materiality will depend on the nature or magnitude of information, or both. A misstatement of information is material if it could reasonably be expected to influence decisions made by the primary users. The amendments did not have any significant impact on the financial position and performance of the Group. |
| F-20 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.3 | Standards issued but not yet effective |
The Group has not applied the following new and revised IFRSs, that have been issued but are not yet effective, in these financial statements.
| Amendments to IFRS 3 | Reference to the Conceptual Framework2 | |
| Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16 | Interest Rate Benchmark Reform-Phase 21 | |
| Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28 | Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture4 | |
| IFRS 17 | Insurance Contracts3 | |
| Amendments to IFRS 17 | Insurance Contracts3, 5 | |
| Amendments to IAS 1 | Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current3 | |
| Amendments to IAS 1 | Disclosure of Accounting Policies3 | |
| Amendments to IAS 8 | Disclosure of Accounting Estimates3 | |
| Amendments to IAS 16 | Property, Plant and Equipment: Proceeds before Intended Use2 | |
| Amendments to IAS 37 | Onerous Contracts - Cost of Fulfilling a Contract2 | |
| Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2018-2020 | Amendments to IFRS 1, IFRS 9, Illustrative Examples accompanying IFRS 16, and IAS 412 |
| 1 | Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2021 |
| 2 | Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022 |
| 3 | Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023 |
| 4 | No mandatory effective date yet determined but available for adoption |
| 5 | As a consequence of the amendments to IFRS 17 issued in June 2020, IFRS 4 was amended to extend the temporary exemption that permits insurers to apply IAS 39 rather than IFRS 9 for annual periods beginning before 1 January 2023 |
Further information about those IFRSs that are expected to be applicable to the Group is described below.
Amendments to IFRS 3 are intended to replace a reference to the previous Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements with a reference to the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting issued in June 2018 without significantly changing its requirements. The amendments also add to IFRS 3 an exception to its recognition principle for an entity to refer to the Conceptual Framework to determine what constitutes an asset or a liability. The exception specifies that, for liabilities and contingent liabilities that would be within the scope of IAS 37 or IFRIC-Int 21 if they were incurred separately rather than assumed in a business combination, an entity applying IFRS 3 should refer to IAS 37 or IFRIC-Int 21 respectively instead of the Conceptual Framework. Furthermore, the amendments clarify that contingent assets do not qualify for recognition at the acquisition date. The Group expects to adopt the amendments prospectively from 1 January 2022. Since the amendments apply prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the date of first application, the Group will not be affected by these amendments on the date of transition.
| F-21 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.3 | Standards issued but not yet effective continued |
Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16 address issues not dealt with in the previous amendments which affect financial reporting when an existing interest rate benchmark is replaced with an alternative RFR. The Phase 2 amendments provide a practical expedient to allow the effective interest rate to be updated without adjusting the carrying amount when accounting for changes in the basis for determining the contractual cash flows of financial assets and liabilities, if the change is a direct consequence of the interest rate benchmark reform and the new basis for determining the contractual cash flows is economically equivalent to the previous basis immediately preceding the change. In addition, the amendments permit changes required by the interest rate benchmark reform to be made to hedge designations and hedge documentation without the hedging relationship being discontinued. Any gains or losses that could arise on transition are dealt with through the normal requirements of IFRS 9 to measure and recognize hedge ineffectiveness. The amendments also provide a temporary relief to entities from having to meet the separately identifiable requirement when an RFR is designated as a risk component. The relief allows an entity, upon designation of the hedge, to assume that the separately identifiable requirement is met, provided the entity reasonably expects the RFR risk component to become separately identifiable within the next 24 months. Furthermore, the amendments require an entity to disclose additional information to enable users of financial statements to understand the effect of interest rate benchmark reform on an entity’s financial instruments and risk management strategy. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2021 and shall be applied retrospectively, but entities are not required to restate the comparative information. The amendments are not expected to have any significant impact on the Group’s financial statements.
Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28 address an inconsistency between the requirements in IFRS 10 and in IAS 28 in dealing with the sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture. The amendments require a full recognition of a gain or loss when the sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture constitutes a business. For a transaction involving assets that do not constitute a business, a gain or loss resulting from the transaction is recognized in the investor’s profit or loss only to the extent of the unrelated investor’s interest in that associate or joint venture. The amendments are to be applied prospectively. The previous mandatory effective date of amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28 was removed by the IASB in December 2015 and a new mandatory effective date will be determined after the completion of a broader review of accounting for associates and joint ventures. However, the amendments are available for adoption now.
Amendments to IAS 1 clarify the requirements for classifying liabilities as current or non-current. The amendments specify that if an entity’s right to defer settlement of a liability is subject to the entity complying with specified conditions, the entity has a right to defer settlement of the liability at the end of the reporting period if it complies with those conditions at that date. Classification of a liability is unaffected by the likelihood that the entity will exercise its right to defer settlement of the liability. The amendments also clarify the situations that are considered a settlement of a liability. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023 and shall be applied retrospectively. Earlier application is permitted. The amendments are not expected to have any significant impact on the Group’s financial statements.
Amendments to IAS 1 Disclosure of Accounting Policies provide guidance and examples to help entities apply materiality judgements to accounting policy disclosures. The amendments replace the requirement to disclose significant accounting policies with a requirement to disclose material accounting policies. In assessing the materiality of accounting policy information, both quantitative and qualitative aspects need to be considered. Entity-specific accounting policy information is more useful for users of financial statements than the standardised information. The amendments also add guidance on how entities apply the concept of materiality in making decisions about accounting policy disclosures. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023 and shall be applied retrospectively. Earlier application is permitted. The amendments are not expected to have any significant impact on the Group’s financial statements.
| F-22 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.3 | Standards issued but not yet effective continued |
Amendments to IAS 8 are designed to clarify the distinction between changes in accounting estimates and changes in accounting policies and the correction of errors. The amendments explain how entities use measurement techniques and inputs to develop accounting estimates and state that these can include estimation and valuation techniques. The amendments clarify that not all estimates will meet the definition of an accounting estimate, but rather may refer to inputs used in developing accounting estimates. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023 and shall be applied retrospectively. Earlier application is permitted. The amendments are not expected to have any significant impact on the Group’s financial statements.
Amendments to IAS 16 prohibit an entity from deducting from the cost of an item of property, plant and equipment any proceeds from selling items produced while bringing that asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. Instead, an entity recognizes the proceeds from selling any such items, and the cost of those items, in profit or loss. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022 and shall be applied retrospectively only to items of property, plant and equipment made available for use on or after the beginning of the earliest period presented in the financial statements in which the entity first applies the amendments. Earlier application is permitted. The amendments are not expected to have any significant impact on the Group’s financial statements.
Amendments to IAS 37 clarify that for the purpose of assessing whether a contract is onerous under IAS 37, the cost of fulfilling the contract comprises the costs that relate directly to the contract. Costs that relate directly to a contract include both the incremental costs of fulfilling that contract (e.g., direct labour and materials) and an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling that contract (e.g., an allocation of the depreciation charge for an item of property, plant and equipment used in fulfilling the contract as well as contract management and supervision costs). General and administrative costs do not relate directly to a contract and are excluded unless they are explicitly chargeable to the counterparty under the contract. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022 and shall be applied to contracts for which an entity has not yet fulfilled all its obligations at the beginning of the annual reporting period in which it first applies the amendments. Earlier application is permitted. Any cumulative effect of initially applying the amendments shall be recognized as an adjustment to the opening equity at the date of initial application without restating the comparative information. The amendments are not expected to have any significant impact on the Group’s financial statements.
Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2018-2020 sets out amendments to IFRS 1, IFRS 9, Illustrative Examples accompanying IFRS 16, and IAS 41. Details of the amendments that are expected to be applicable to the Group are as follows:
| • | IFRS 9 Financial Instruments: clarifies the fees that an entity includes when assessing whether the terms of a new or modified financial liability are substantially different from the terms of the original financial liability. These fees include only those paid or received between the borrower and the lender, including fees paid or received by either the borrower or lender on the other’s behalf. An entity applies the amendment to financial liabilities that are modified or exchanged on or after the beginning of the annual reporting period in which the entity first applies the amendment. The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022. Earlier application is permitted. The amendment is not expected to have a significant impact on the Group’s financial statements. |
| • | IFRS 16 Leases: removes the illustration of payments from the lessor relating to leasehold improvements in Illustrative Example 13 accompanying IFRS 16. This removes potential confusion regarding the treatment of lease incentives when applying IFRS 16. |
| F-23 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.4 | Summary of significant accounting policies |
Investment in an associate
An associate is an entity in which the Group has a long term interest of generally not less than 20% of the equity voting rights and over which it is in a position to exercise significant influence. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee, but is not control or joint control over those policies.
The Group’s investment in an associate is stated in the consolidated statement of financial position at the Group’s share of net assets under the equity method of accounting, less any impairment losses. The Group’s share of the post-acquisition results of an associate is included in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income/(loss).
Business combinations and goodwill
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred is measured at the acquisition date fair value which is the sum of the acquisition date fair values of assets transferred by the Group, liabilities assumed by the Group to the former owners of the acquiree and the equity interests issued by the Group in exchange for control of the acquiree. For each business combination, the Group elects whether to measure the non-controlling interests in the acquiree that are present ownership interests and entitle their holders to a proportionate share of net assets in the event of liquidation at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. All other components of non-controlling interests are measured at fair value. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred.
The Group determines that it has acquired a business when the acquired set of activities and assets includes an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs.
When the Group acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as at the acquisition date.
Goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognized for non-controlling interests over the identifiable net assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired. The Group performs its annual impairment test of goodwill as at 31 December. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating units (“CGU”), or groups of cash-generating units, that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the Group are assigned to those units or groups of units.
Impairment is determined by assessing the recoverable amount of the CGU (group of CGUs) to which the goodwill relates. Where the recoverable amount of the CGU (group of CGUs) is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized. An impairment loss recognized for goodwill is not reversed in a subsequent period.
Where goodwill has been allocated to a CGU (or group of CGUs) and part of the operation within that unit is disposed of, the goodwill associated with the operation disposed of is included in the carrying amount of the operation when determining the gain or loss on the disposal. Goodwill disposed of in these circumstances is measured based on the relative value of the operation disposed of and the portion of the cash-generating unit retained.
| F-24 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.4 | Summary of significant accounting policies continued |
Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is the fair value at the date of acquisition. The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed to be either finite or indefinite. Intangible assets with finite lives are subsequently amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at each financial year end.
Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortization expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognized in profit or loss.
Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. Such intangible assets are not amortized. The useful life of an intangible asset with an indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life assessment continues to be supportable. If not, the change in the useful life assessment from indefinite to finite is accounted for on a prospective basis.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized.
Brand
Brand acquired in a business combination was recognized at fair value at the acquisition date. The brand has an indefinite useful life and is carried at cost less accumulated impairment.
Contracts with insurers
Contracts with insurers acquired in a business combination were recognized at fair value at the acquisition date. The contracts with insurers have a finite useful life of 15 years and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is calculated using the straight-line method over the expected life of the contracts with insurers.
Software
Acquired computer software licenses are capitalized on the basis of the costs incurred to acquire and bring to use specific software. These costs are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which do not exceed 10 years. Costs associated with maintaining computer software programmes are recognized as an expense as incurred.
| F-25 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.4 | Summary of significant accounting policies continued |
Property and equipment
Property and equipment, other than construction in progress, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses. The cost of an item of property and equipment comprises its purchase price and any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition and location for its intended use.
Expenditure incurred after items of property and equipment have been put into operation, such as repairs and maintenance, is normally charged to profit or loss in the period in which it is incurred. In situations where the recognition criteria are satisfied, the expenditure for a major inspection is capitalised in the carrying amount of the asset as a replacement. Where significant parts of property and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Group recognizes such parts as individual assets with specific useful lives and depreciates them accordingly.
Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis to write off the cost of each item of property and equipment to its residual value over its estimated useful life. The principal estimated useful lives used for this purpose are as follows:
| – | Medical equipment | 5-10 years |
| – | Office equipment | 3 years |
| – | Furniture and vehicles | 4-5 years |
| – | Leasehold improvements | Shorter of the lease term or the assets’ useful life |
Residual values, useful lives and the depreciation method are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at least at each financial year end. An item of property and equipment including any significant part initially recognized is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss on disposal or retirement recognized in profit or loss in the year the asset is derecognized is the difference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant asset.
Construction in progress (“CIP”) represents leasehold improvements under construction and equipment pending for installation, and is stated at cost less any impairment losses. Cost comprises construction expenditures, other expenditures necessary for the purpose of preparing the CIP for its intended use and those borrowing costs incurred before the asset is ready for its intended use that is eligible for capitalization. CIP is transferred to property and equipment when the CIP is ready for its intended use.
Leases (applicable from 1 January 2019)
The Group assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
Group as a lessee
The Group applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Group recognizes lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.
At inception or on reassessment of a contract that contains a lease component and non-lease component(s), the Group adopts the practical expedient not to separate non-lease component(s) and to account for the lease component and the associated non-lease component(s) (e.g., property management services for leases of properties) as a single lease component.
| F-26 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.4 | Summary of significant accounting policies continued |
Leases (applicable from 1 January 2019) continued
Group as a lessee continued
(a) Right-of-use assets
Right-of-use assets are recognized at the commencement date of the lease (that is the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognized, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease terms and the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are 2-20 years.
(b) Lease liabilities
Lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Group and payments of penalties for termination of a lease, if the lease term reflects the Group exercising the option to terminate the lease. The variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognized as an expense in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.
In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in lease payments (e.g., a change to future lease payments resulting from a change in an index or rate) or a change in assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset.
(c) Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets
The Group applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option. When the Group enters into a lease in respect of a low-value asset, the Group decides whether to capitalize the lease on a lease-by-lease basis.
Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Leases (applicable before 1 January 2019)
Leases where substantially all the rewards and risks of ownership of assets remain with the lessor are accounted for as operating leases. Where the Group is the lessee, rentals payable under operating leases net of any incentives received from the lessor are charged to profit or loss on the straight-line basis over the lease terms.
| F-27 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.4 | Summary of significant accounting policies continued |
Fair value measurement
The Group measures warrant liabilities at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either in the principal market for the asset or liability, or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Group. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
The Group uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
Level 1 – based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 – based on valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is observable, either directly or indirectly
Level 3 – based on valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable
For liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Group determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
Impairment of non-financial assets
Where an indication of impairment exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required (other than inventories and financial assets), the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of the asset’s or CGU’s value in use and its fair value less costs of disposal, and is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets, in which case the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs.
An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The Group bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are presented separately for each of the Group’s CGUs to which individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. A long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. An impairment loss is charged to profit or loss in the period in which it arises.
| F-28 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.4 | Summary of significant accounting policies continued |
Impairment of non-financial assets continued
An assessment is made at the end of each reporting period as to whether there is an indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such an indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset or CGU is estimated. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount of that asset, but not to an amount higher than the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any depreciation/amortization) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. A reversal of such an impairment loss is credited to profit or loss in the period in which it arises.
Related parties
A party is considered to be related to the Group if:
| (a) | the party is a person or a close member of that person’s family and that person |
| (i) | has control or joint control over the Group; |
| (ii) | has significant influence over the Group; or |
| (iii) | is a member of the key management personnel of the Group or of a parent of the Group; |
or
| (b) | the party is an entity where any of the following conditions applies: |
| (i) | the entity and the Group are members of the same group; |
| (ii) | one entity is an associate or joint venture of the other entity (or of a parent, subsidiary or fellow subsidiary of the other entity); |
| (iii) | the entity and the Group are joint ventures of the same third party; |
| (iv) | one entity is a joint venture of a third entity and the other entity is an associate of the third entity; |
| (v) | the entity is a post-employment benefit plan for the benefit of employees of either the Group or an entity related to the Group; |
| (vi) | the entity is controlled or jointly controlled by a person identified in (a); |
| (vii) | a person identified in (a)(i) has significant influence over the entity or is a member of the key management personnel of the entity (or of a parent of the entity); and |
| (viii) | the entity, or any member of a group of which it is a part, provides key management personnel services to the Group or to the parent of the Group. |
Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortized cost, fair value through OCI, and fair value through profit or loss.
The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. The Group’s trade receivables do not contain a significant financing component. Trade receivables are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition” below.
| F-29 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.4 | Summary of significant accounting policies continued |
Financial assets continued
Initial recognition and measurement continued
In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortized cost or fair value through OCI, it needs to give rise to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business model determines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both. Financial assets classified and measured at amortised cost are held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows
Subsequent measurement
The subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:
Financial assets at amortized cost
Financial assets at amortized cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest (“EIR”) method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized, modified or impaired.
The Group’s financial assets at amortized cost includes trade and other receivables, amounts due from related parties, restricted cash and cash and cash equivalents.
Derecognition
A financial asset is primarily derecognized (i.e., removed from the Group’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:
| • | the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or |
| • | the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a “pass-through” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset. |
Impairment
The Group recognizes an allowance for expected credit loss (“ECL”) for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms.
Simplified approach
For trade receivables and amounts due from related parties, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes in credit risk, but instead recognizes a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.
| F-30 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.4 | Summary of significant accounting policies continued |
Cash and cash equivalents
For the purpose of the consolidated statements of cash flows and the consolidated statements of financial position, cash and cash equivalents comprise of cash on hand and at banks.
Financial liabilities
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.
All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
The Group’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, amounts due to related parties, lease liabilities, warrant liabilities and interest-bearing bank borrowings.
Subsequent measurement
The subsequent measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification as follows:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.
Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss are designated at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in IFRS 9 are satisfied. Gains or losses on liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in profit or loss. The net fair value gain or loss recognised in profit or loss does not include any interest charged on these financial liabilities.
Financial liabilities at amortised cost
After initial recognition, interest-bearing bank borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost, using the EIR method unless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortization process.
Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included in finance costs in profit or loss.
Interest-bearing bank borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Group has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the end of the reporting period.
Derecognition
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.
When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between the respective carrying amounts is recognized in profit or loss.
| F-31 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.4 | Summary of significant accounting policies continued |
Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
Inventories
Inventories mainly comprise of pharmacy inventory and hospital consumables. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined using the weighted average cost method. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less any estimated costs to be incurred to disposal.
Income tax
Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss, either in OCI or directly in equity.
Current tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period, taking into consideration interpretations and practices prevailing in the countries in which the Group operates.
Deferred tax is provided, using the liability method, on all temporary differences at the end of the reporting period between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except:
| • | when the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and |
in respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except:
| • | when the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary differences arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and |
| • | in respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, deferred tax assets are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised. |
| F-32 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.4 | Summary of significant accounting policies continued |
Income tax continued
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are reassessed at the end of each reporting period and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if and only if the Group has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets and current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities which intend either to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously, in each future period in which significant amounts of deferred tax liabilities or assets are expected to be settled or recovered.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue from contracts with customers
Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. A performance obligation represents a good and service (or a bundle of goods or services) that is distinct or a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same.
Other income
Interest income is recognized on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.
Contract liabilities
A contract liability is recognized when a payment is received or a payment is due (whichever is earlier) from a customer before the Group transfers the related goods or services. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when the Group performs obligations under the contract (i.e., transfers control of the related goods or services to the customer).
Provisions
A provision is recognized when a present obligation (legal or constructive) has arisen as a result of a past event and it is probable that a future outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, provided that a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the effect of discounting is material, the amount recognized for a provision is the present value at the end of the reporting period of the future expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation. The increase in the discounted present value amount arising from the passage of time is included in finance costs in profit or loss.
| F-33 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.4 | Summary of significant accounting policies continued |
Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction of qualifying assets, i.e., assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are capitalised as part of the cost of those assets. The capitalisation of such borrowing costs ceases when the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale. Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs capitalised. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.
Dividend distribution
No dividend was paid or proposed during the periods presented, nor has any dividend been proposed since the end of the reporting period.
Share-based payments
The Partnership operated a share-based compensation scheme for the purpose of providing incentives and rewards to eligible participants who contribute to the success of the Partnership’s operations. Employees (including directors) of the Partnership received remuneration in the form of options and restricted share units (“RSUs”) (collectively the “Partnership Awards”), whereby employees rendered services as consideration for equity instruments (“equity-settled transactions”).
The cost of equity-settled transactions with employees is measured by reference to the fair value at the date at which they are granted. The fair value is determined by an external valuer using a binomial model, further details of which are given in Note 22 to the financial statements.
The cost of equity-settled transactions is recognized in employee benefit expense, together with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled. The cumulative expense recognized for equity-settled transactions at the end of each reporting period until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Group’s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The charge or credit to profit or loss for a period represents the movement in the cumulative expense recognized as at the beginning and end of that period.
Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Group’s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value. Any other conditions attached to an award, but without an associated service requirement, are considered to be non-vesting conditions. Non-vesting conditions are reflected in the fair value of an award and lead to an immediate expensing of an award unless there are also service and/or performance conditions.
For awards that do not ultimately vest because non-market performance and/or service conditions have not been met, no expense is recognized. Where awards include a market or non-vesting condition, the transactions are treated as vesting irrespective of whether the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and/or service conditions are satisfied.
Where the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, as a minimum an expense is recognized as if the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. In addition, an expense is recognized for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payments, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification.
| F-34 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.4 | Summary of significant accounting policies continued |
Share-based payments continued
Where an equity-settled award is cancelled, it is treated as if it had vested on the date of cancellation, and any expense not yet recognized for the award is recognized immediately through profit and loss. However, if a new award is substituted for the cancelled award, and is designated as a replacement award on the date that it is granted, the cancelled and new awards are treated as if they were a modification of the original award, as described in the previous paragraph.
Each Partnership Award, whether vested or unvested, that is outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination was converted into and became an award to purchase NFH ordinary shares. For details of the terms and conditions, please refer to Note 22. At the Closing Date, the fair value of the replacement awards (hereinafter referred to as “NFH Award”) and the original awards (hereinafter referred to as “Partnership Award”) are determined in accordance with IFRS 2.
The amount of NFH Awards attributed to pre-combination service (and therefore included as part of the consideration transferred for the business) is determined by multiplying the fair value of the Partnership Award by the ratio of the vesting period completed as at the Closing Date. The ratio of the vesting period completed was calculated by dividing the number of days the original Partnership Award had vested as at the Closing Date by the greater of:
| • | the total vesting period in days, as determined at the Closing Date (being the period required to satisfy all vesting conditions, including conditions added to, or removed from, of the original Partnership Award by the NFH Award); or |
| • | the original vesting period in days. |
There were no conditions added to, or removed from, of the original Partnership Award by the NFH Award. Therefore, the original vesting period was used to calculate the ratio of the vesting period completed.
Any excess of the fair value of the NFH Awards over the amount determined above (referred to hereinafter as the “Incremental Compensation”) is recognized as a post-combination remuneration expense, in accordance with the normal principles of IFRS 2.
The dilutive effect, if any, of the NFH Awards are reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
Defined contribution plan
All eligible employees of the Group are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical care, welfare subsidies, unemployment insurance and pension benefits, etc., through a PRC government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to accrue for these benefits based on certain percentages of the qualified employees’ salaries. The Group is required to make contributions to the plans out of the amounts accrued. The PRC government is responsible for the medical benefits and the pension liability to be paid to these employees and the Group’s obligations are limited to the amounts contributed. The Group has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The Group recorded employee benefit expenses of RMB172,098, RMB7,969, RMB214,246 and RMB200,970, respectively, for the 2020 Successor Period, 2019 Successor Period, 2019 Predecessor Period and 2018 Predecessor Period, respectively.
| F-35 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 2. | Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued |
| 2.4 | Summary of significant accounting policies continued |
Foreign currencies
These consolidated financial statements are presented in RMB because the Group’s principal operations are carried out in the PRC. The Company’s functional currency is United States dollars (“US$”). Each entity in the Group determines its own functional currency and items included in the financial statements of each entity are measured using that functional currency.
Foreign currency transactions recorded by the entities in the Group are initially recorded using their respective functional currency rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency rates of exchange at the reporting date. Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognized in profit or loss. Tax charges and credits attributable to exchange differences on those monetary items are also recognized in OCI.
Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was measured. The gain or loss arising on translation of a non-monetary item measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation difference on the item whose fair value gain or loss is recognized in OCI or profit or loss is also recognized in OCI or profit or loss, respectively).
In determining the exchange rate to use on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income (or part of it) on the derecognition of a non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability relating to advance consideration, the date of the transaction is the date on which the Group initially recognizes the non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability arising from the advance consideration. If there are multiple payments or receipts in advance, the Group determines the transaction date for each payment or receipt of advance consideration.
On consolidation, the assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated into RMB at the rate of exchange prevailing at the reporting date and their statements of profit or loss are translated at the weighted average exchange rates for the year.
The resulting exchange differences arising on translation for consolidation are recognized in OCI and accumulated in the foreign currency translation reserve. On disposal of a foreign operation, the component of OCI relating to that particular foreign operation is recognized in profit or loss.
| F-36 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 3. | Critical accounting estimates |
The preparation of the Group’s consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and their accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that could require a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of the assets or liabilities affected in the future.
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below.
| (a) | Impairment of non-financial assets (other than goodwill) - recoverable amount |
The Group assesses whether there are any indicators of impairment for all non-financial assets (including the right-of-use assets) at the end of each reporting period. Indefinite life intangible assets are tested for impairment annually and at other times when such an indicator exists. Other non-financial assets are tested for impairment when there are indicators that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. An impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or a CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
Value in use is generally determined as the present value of the estimated future cash flows of those expected to arise from the continued use of the asset in its present form and its eventual disposal. Present values are determined using a risk-adjusted pre-tax discount rate appropriate to the risks inherent in the asset. Future cash flow estimates are based on expected sales volumes, selling prices (considering current and historical prices, price trends and related factors) and operating costs. This policy requires management to make these estimates and assumptions which are subject to risk and uncertainty; hence, there is a possibility that changes in circumstances will alter these projections, which may impact on the net recoverable amounts of the assets. In such circumstances, some or all of the carrying value of the assets may be impaired and the impairment would be charged against profit or loss. The key assumptions used to determine the recoverable amount are disclosed and further explained in Note 10.
| (b) | Impairment of goodwill - recoverable amount |
In accordance with the Group’s accounting policy, goodwill is allocated to the Group’s CGUs as it represents the lowest level within the Group at which the goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes and is tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstance indicated that the carrying amount may be impaired, by comparing the recoverable amount of the CGU and the carrying amount of the CGU. by preparing a formal estimate of the recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of value in use and the fair value less costs of disposal. The carrying amount of goodwill at 31 December 2020 and 2019 was RMB6,085,650 and RMB 6,056,253, respectively. Similar considerations to those described above in respect of assessing the recoverable amount of non-financial assets also apply to goodwill. Further details are given in Note 13.
| F-37 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 3. | Critical accounting judgements and estimates continued |
| (c) | Leases – Estimating the incremental borrowing rate |
The Group cannot readily determine the interest rate implicit in a lease, and therefore, it uses an incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) to measure lease liabilities. The IBR is the rate of interest that the Group would have to pay to borrow over a similar term, and with a similar security, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of a similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment. The IBR therefore reflects what the Group “would have to pay”, which requires estimation when no observable rates are available or when it needs to be adjusted to reflect the terms and conditions of the lease. The Group estimates the IBR using observable inputs (such as market interest rates) when available and is required to make certain entity-specific estimates.
| F-38 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 4. | Operating segment information |
The Group is principally engaged in the healthcare service business.
Predecessor periods
IFRS 8 Operating Segments requires operating segments to be identified on the basis of internal reporting about components of the Group that are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision-maker (the “CODM”) in order to allocate resources to segments and to assess their performance. The information reported to the board of directors of the Partnership, which had been identified as the CODM, for the purpose of resource allocation and assessment of performance did not contain discrete operating segment financial information and the board of directors reviewed the financial results of the Group as a whole. Therefore, no further information about the operating segment was presented for the Predecessor periods.
Successor periods
For management purposes, the Group is organized into business units based on their stage of development, services and geographic location, and has three reportable operating segments as follows:
| (a) | Operating tier 1 assets segment mainly consists of the Group’s existing general hospitals and satellite clinics located in tier 1 cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, in the PRC. |
| (b) | Operating tier 2 and other assets segment mainly consists of the Group’s existing general hospitals and clinics located in tier 2 cities, such as Tianjin and Qingdao, in the PRC and the specialized healthcare facilities, such as the rehabilitation hospital. |
| (c) | Expansion assets segment mainly consists of the Group’s expansion projects and new healthcare facilities opened in recent years. |
Management monitors the results of the Group’s operating segments separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on adjusted operating segment earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”). Information reported to the CODM, which was identified as the executive committee of the board of directors, for the purposes of resources allocation and performance assessment does not include any assets and liabilities. Accordingly, no segment assets and liabilities are presented.
Intersegment sales and transfers are transacted with reference to the selling prices used for sales made to third parties at the then prevailing market prices.
Year ended 31 December 2020 | Operating assets_Tier 1 | Operating assets_Tier 2 | Expansion assets | Total | ||||||||||||
| Segment revenue (Note 5) | ||||||||||||||||
| Sales to external customers | 1,596,104 | 302,946 | 361,455 | 2,260,505 | ||||||||||||
| Intersegment sales | 13,809 | |||||||||||||||
| 2,274,314 | ||||||||||||||||
| Reconciliation: | ||||||||||||||||
| Elimination of intersegment sales | (13,809 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Revenue | 2,260,505 | |||||||||||||||
| F-39 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 4. | Operating segment information continued |
| Year ended 31 December 2020 | Operating assets_Tier 1 | Operating assets_Tier 2 | Expansion assets | Total | ||||||||||||
| Segment results | 455,990 | 17,414 | (1,314 | ) | 472,090 | |||||||||||
| Reconciliation: | ||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | (425,160 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Finance income | 2,727 | |||||||||||||||
| Finance costs | (263,810 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange losses | (49,389 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Transaction related costs of the Business Combination | (7,609 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | (692 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Headquarter severance costs | (8,965 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Gain on disposal of subsidiaries | 3,558 | |||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | (112,729 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other unallocated expenses | (114,167 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Loss before tax | (504,146 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | Operating assets_Tier 1 | Operating assets_Tier 2 | Expansion assets | Total | ||||||||||||
| Segment revenue (Note 5) | ||||||||||||||||
| Sales to external customers | 54,775 | 14,523 | 10,737 | 80,035 | ||||||||||||
| Intersegment sales | 4,159 | |||||||||||||||
| 84,194 | ||||||||||||||||
| Reconciliation: | ||||||||||||||||
| Elimination of intersegment sales | (4,159 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Revenue | 80,035 | |||||||||||||||
| F-40 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 4. | Operating segment information continued |
| Period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | Operating assets_Tier 1 | Operating assets_Tier 2 | Expansion assets | Total | ||||||||||||
| (Restated) | ||||||||||||||||
| Segment results | 6,222 | 977 | (3,934 | ) | 3,265 | |||||||||||
| Reconciliation: | ||||||||||||||||
| Elimination of intersegment results | (2,784 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | (14,931 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Finance income | 779 | |||||||||||||||
| Finance costs | (29,503 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange losses | (2,641 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Transaction costs of the Business Combination | (165,842 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | (10,514 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | (7,592 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other unallocated expenses | (14,387 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Loss before tax | (244,150 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Geographical information
During the periods presented, the Group operated within one geographical segment because all of its revenue was generated in the PRC and all of its long-term assets/capital expenditure were located/incurred in the PRC. Accordingly, no geographical segment information was presented.
Information about major customers
No revenue from services provided to a single customer amounted to 10% or more of the total revenue of the Group during the periods presented.
| F-41 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 5. | Revenue from contracts with customers |
| (i) | Disaggregated revenue information |
| Year ended 31 December 2020 | Period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | Period from 1 January to 18 December 2019 | Year ended 31 December 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor (NFH) | Predecessor (HHH) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segments | Operating assets_Tier 1 | Operating assets_Tier 2 | Expansion assets | Total | Operating assets_Tier 1 | Operating assets_Tier 2 | Expansion assets | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Type of goods or services | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Healthcare services | 1,590,141 | 299,724 | 346,529 | 2,236,394 | 54,330 | 14,179 | 10,609 | 79,118 | 2,350,210 | 2,045,013 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Others | 5,963 | 3,222 | 14,926 | 24,111 | 445 | 344 | 128 | 917 | 18,957 | 13,766 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue from contracts with customers | 1,596,104 | 302,946 | 361,455 | 2,260,505 | 54,775 | 14,523 | 10,737 | 80,035 | 2,369,167 | 2,058,779 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Timing of revenue recognition: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At a point in time | 1,032,292 | 161,115 | 210,148 | 1,403,555 | 37,949 | 7,846 | 5,748 | 51,543 | 1,433,987 | 1,275,375 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Over time | 563,812 | 141,831 | 151,307 | 856,950 | 16,826 | 6,677 | 4,989 | 28,492 | 935,180 | 783,404 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue from contracts with customers | 1,596,104 | 302,946 | 361,455 | 2,260,505 | 54,775 | 14,523 | 10,737 | 80,035 | 2,369,167 | 2,058,779 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| F-42 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 5. | Revenue from contracts with customers continued |
| (i) | Disaggregated revenue information continued |
Set out below is the reconciliation of the revenue from contracts with customers to the amounts disclosed in the segment information:
| Year ended 31 December 2020 | Period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segments | Operating assets_Tier 1 | Operating assets_Tier 2 | Expansion assets | Total | Operating assets_Tier 1 | Operating assets_Tier 2 | Expansion assets | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from contracts with customers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External customers | 1,596,104 | 302,946 | 361,455 | 2,260,505 | 54,775 | 14,523 | 10,737 | 80,035 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intersegment sales | 9,025 | 3,246 | 1,538 | 13,809 | 3,656 | 398 | 105 | 4,159 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intersegment eliminations | (9,025 | ) | (3,246 | ) | (1,538 | ) | (13,809 | ) | (3,656 | ) | (398 | ) | (105 | ) | (4,159 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue from contracts with customers | 1,596,104 | 302,946 | 361,455 | 2,260,505 | 54,775 | 14,523 | 10,737 | 80,035 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| F-43 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 5. | Revenue from contracts with customers continued |
| (i) | Disaggregated revenue information continued |
The following table shows the amounts of revenue recognized in the period that were included in the contract liabilities at the beginning of the period:
| Note | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| At 1 January | 338,069 | 301,819 | |||||||||
| Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liabilities at the beginning of the period | (270,196 | ) | (262,733 | ) | |||||||
| Increases due to cash received, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period | 350,183 | 298,983 | |||||||||
| Increase arising from acquisition of a subsidiary | 23 | 667 | - | ||||||||
| At 31 December | 418,723 | 338,069 | |||||||||
There was no revenue recognized in the periods presented relating to performance obligations satisfied in previous periods.
(ii) Performance obligations
Information about the Group’s performance obligations is summarised below:
Healthcare services
Revenues are recognized when the Group’s obligation to provide healthcare services is satisfied. The contractual relationships with patients, in majority of the cases, also involve a third-party insurance company payor.
For inpatient services, the patients receive treatments that include various components that are all highly interdependent, and therefore, are regarded as one performance obligation. The performance obligation is satisfied over time as the patient simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the inpatient services provided. The Group has a right to consideration from its patients in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the patient of the Group’s performance completed to date (calculated based on fixed pre-determined treatment prescriptions). Therefore, revenue for inpatient services are recognized in the amount to which the Group has a right to invoice on a daily basis.
Revenue for outpatient services is recognized at a point in time because the performance obligations are generally satisfied over a period of less than one day.
Others
Revenue from goods such as gift shop merchandise, and food and beverage items are recognized at a point in time, generally upon delivery of the goods to the customer. Revenue from services such as hospital management consulting and training services, and matron services is recognized on a straight-line basis because the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Group evenly throughout the performance period.
| F-44 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 5. | Revenue from contracts with customers continued |
| (ii) | Performance obligations continued |
The amounts of transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations (unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied) as at 31 December 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Within one year | 350,146 | 270,196 | ||||||
| More than one year | 68,577 | 67,873 | ||||||
| 418,723 | 338,069 | |||||||
The performance obligations expected to be recognized in more than one year relate to rendering of treatment packages that are to be satisfied within three years. All the other remaining performance obligations are satisfied in one year or less at the end of each year.
| 6. | Salaries, wages and benefits |
Year ended 31 December 2020 | Period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | Period from 1 January to 18 December 2019 | Year ended 31 December 2018 | |||||||||||||
| Successor (NFH) | Predecessor (HHH) | |||||||||||||||
| Salaries, wages, bonus, and allowances | 984,498 | 58,628 | 1,057,454 | 923,782 | ||||||||||||
| Housing funds | 81,315 | 2,954 | 77,732 | 71,632 | ||||||||||||
| Defined contribution benefits | 90,783 | 5,015 | 136,514 | 129,338 | ||||||||||||
| Welfare and other expenses | 29,427 | 2,104 | 40,375 | 44,568 | ||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation (Note 22) | 692 | 10,514 | 34,403 | 18,418 | ||||||||||||
| 1,186,715 | 79,215 | 1,346,478 | 1,187,738 | |||||||||||||
| 7. | Finance income and costs |
An analysis of finance income and costs is as follows:
Year ended 31 December 2020 | Period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | Period from 1 January to 18 December 2019 | Year ended 31 December 2018 | |||||||||||||
| Successor (NFH) | Predecessor (HHH) | |||||||||||||||
| Finance costs: | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest on bank borrowings | 162,702 | 25,787 | 30,207 | 27,928 | ||||||||||||
| Interest on lease liabilities (Note 12) | 102,382 | 3,716 | 102,523 | - | ||||||||||||
| 265,084 | 29,503 | 132,730 | 27,928 | |||||||||||||
| Less: interest capitalized | (1,274 | ) | - | - | (8,508 | ) | ||||||||||
| 263,810 | 29,503 | 132,730 | 19,420 | |||||||||||||
| Finance income: | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 2,727 | 779 | 2,127 | 2,543 | ||||||||||||
| Finance costs, net | 261,083 | 28,724 | 130,603 | 16,877 | ||||||||||||
| F-45 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 8. | Income tax |
The Group is subject to income tax on an entity basis on profits arising in or derived from the tax jurisdictions in which members of the Group are domiciled and operate.
Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to tax on income or capital gains. Additionally, upon payment of dividends by the Company to its shareholders, no Cayman Islands withholding tax will be imposed.
As a result of the United States tax regulations amendments, the federal statutory income tax rate for the Group’s US subsidiaries is 21% for the 2020 Successor Period, 2019 Successor Period, 2019 Predecessor Period and 2018 Predecessor Period. Dividends payable by the Group’s US subsidiaries, to non-US resident enterprises shall be subject to 30% withholding tax, unless any applicable income tax treaty reduces such rate.
Taxes on profits assessable in the PRC have been calculated at the prevailing tax rates, based on existing legislation, interpretations and practices in respect thereof. Pursuant to the PRC Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) Law effective on 1 January 2008, the PRC corporate income tax rate of the Group’s subsidiaries operating in the PRC for the periods presented is 25% on their taxable profits. Dividends, interests, rent or royalties payable by the Group’s PRC entities, to non PRC resident enterprises, and proceeds from any such non-resident enterprise investor’s disposition of assets (after deducting the net value of such assets) shall be subject to 10% EIT, namely withholding tax, unless the respective non PRC resident enterprise’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty or arrangements with China that provides for a reduced withholding tax rate or an exemption from withholding tax.
Year ended 31 December 2020 | Period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | Period from 1 January to 18 December 2019 | Year ended 31 December 2018 | |||||||||||||
| Successor (NFH) | Predecessor (HHH) | |||||||||||||||
| Current | ||||||||||||||||
| Charge for the period | 28,933 | (6,130 | ) | 75,076 | 68,918 | |||||||||||
| Under/(over)-provision in prior period | 2,834 | - | 398 | 49 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred (Note 19) | (4,059 | ) | (131 | ) | (7,050 | ) | (9,218 | ) | ||||||||
| 27,708 | (6,261 | ) | 68,424 | 59,749 | ||||||||||||
| F-46 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 8. | Income tax continued |
A reconciliation of the tax expense applicable to loss before tax at the statutory rates for the jurisdictions in which the majority of the Group’s subsidiaries are domiciled to the tax expense at the effective tax rates, and a reconciliation of the applicable rates (i.e., the statutory tax rates) to the effective tax rates, are as follows:
Year ended 31 December 2020 | Period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | Period from 1 January to 18 December 2019 | Year ended 31 December 2018 | |||||||||||||
| (Restated) | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor (NFH) | Predecessor (HHH) | |||||||||||||||
| Loss before tax | (504,146 | ) | (244,150 | ) | (159,954 | ) | (94,297 | ) | ||||||||
| Tax expense calculated at the statutory tax rate of 25% | (126,037 | ) | (61,038 | ) | (39,989 | ) | (23,574 | ) | ||||||||
| Effect of differing tax rates in different jurisdictions | (37,600 | ) | 23,959 | 10,188 | 986 | |||||||||||
| Non-taxable income | (1,658 | ) | - | (2,670 | ) | (2,221 | ) | |||||||||
| Non-deductible expenses | 5,055 | 5,519 | 11,221 | 14,675 | ||||||||||||
| Utilization of previously unrecognized tax losses | (1,746 | ) | (201 | ) | (2,123 | ) | (5,872 | ) | ||||||||
| Utilization of previously unrecognized deductible temporary differences | - | - | - | (567 | ) | |||||||||||
| Unrecognized deductible temporary differences | 24,446 | (6,815 | ) | 22,006 | 21,870 | |||||||||||
| Unrecognized tax losses for the year | 86,240 | 21,340 | 68,427 | 55,463 | ||||||||||||
| Adjustments in respect of current tax of previous period | 2,834 | - | 398 | 49 | ||||||||||||
| Effect of non-U.S. operations* | 272 | 10,955 | (987 | ) | (1,834 | ) | ||||||||||
| Adoption of IFRS 16 | - | - | 989 | - | ||||||||||||
| PRC withholding tax | 5,622 | 20 | 964 | 774 | ||||||||||||
| Lower tax rate or exemption of taxable amount for specific provinces or enacted by local authority | (852 | ) | - | - | - | |||||||||||
| Result of disposal of subsidiaries | (4,068 | ) | - | - | - | |||||||||||
| Income tax expense/(benefit) | 27,708 | (6,261 | ) | 68,424 | 59,749 | |||||||||||
* Due to enactment of the TCJA in December 2017, there is a one-time mandatory transition tax impact on accumulated non-U.S. operations recognized during 2017. For subsequent periods, the current year tax impact of non-U.S. operations will be recognized in the respective current year period.
| F-47 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 9. | Loss per share attributed to ordinary equity holders of the parent |
The calculation of the basic loss per share amounts is based on the loss for the Successor periods attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent, and the weighted average number of ordinary shares of 131,356,980 in issue during the Successor periods.
The Group had no potentially dilutive ordinary shares in issue during the Successor periods ended 31 December 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The calculations of basic and diluted loss per share are based on:
Year ended 31 December 2020 | Period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 (Restated) | |||||||
| Successor (NFH) | ||||||||
| Loss | ||||||||
| Loss attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent, used in the basic and diluted loss per share calculation | (505,570 | ) | (236,497 | ) | ||||
| Shares | ||||||||
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the period used in the basic and diluted loss per share calculation | 131,356,980 | 131,356,980 | ||||||
| F-48 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 10. | Property and equipment |
| Leasehold improvements | Medical equipment | Office equipment | Furniture and vehicles | CIP | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| At 1 January 2020 (Successor) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost, net of accumulated depreciation prior to the Closing Date | 1,518,694 | 359,540 | 56,087 | 20,012 | 15,724 | 1,970,057 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation after the Closing Date | (4,534 | ) | (1,313 | ) | (1,110 | ) | (319 | ) | - | (7,276 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Net carrying amount | 1,514,160 | 358,227 | 54,977 | 19,693 | 15,724 | 1,962,781 | ||||||||||||||||||
| At 1 January 2020, net of accumulated depreciation | 1,514,160 | 358,227 | 54,977 | 19,693 | 15,724 | 1,962,781 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Additions | 9,220 | 28,207 | 10,704 | 2,138 | 207,133 | 257,402 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition of a subsidiary (Note23) | 2,959 | 2,303 | 157 | - | - | 5,419 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Transfers | 6,007 | 1,000 | 10 | 42 | (7,059 | ) | - | |||||||||||||||||
| Disposals | (797 | ) | (1,023 | ) | (562 | ) | (14 | ) | (368 | ) | (2,764 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Disposal of subsidiaries | - | (429 | ) | (16 | ) | (14 | ) | - | (459 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation | (126,513 | ) | (49,865 | ) | (23,910 | ) | (7,187 | ) | - | (207,475 | ) | |||||||||||||
| At 31 December 2020, net of accumulated depreciation | 1,405,036 | 338,420 | 41,360 | 14,658 | 215,430 | 2,014,904 | ||||||||||||||||||
| At 31 December 2020 (Successor) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost, net of accumulated depreciation prior to the Closing Date | 1,533,894 | 388,659 | 65,961 | 21,988 | 215,430 | 2,225,932 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation after the Closing Date | (128,858 | ) | (50,239 | ) | (24,601 | ) | (7,330 | ) | - | (211,028 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Net carrying amount | 1,405,036 | 338,420 | 41,360 | 14,658 | 215,430 | 2,014,904 | ||||||||||||||||||
| F-49 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
10. Property and equipment continued
| Leasehold improvements | Medical equipment | Office equipment | Furniture and vehicles | CIP | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| At 1 January 2019 (Predecessor) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost | 1,434,467 | 615,530 | 96,493 | 31,882 | 394,405 | 2,572,777 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation | (378,094 | ) | (225,699 | ) | (55,778 | ) | (18,281 | ) | - | (677,852 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Net carrying amount | 1,056,373 | 389,831 | 40,715 | 13,601 | 394,405 | 1,894,925 | ||||||||||||||||||
| At 31 December 2018 and 1 January 2019, net of accumulated depreciation | 1,056,373 | 389,831 | 40,715 | 13,601 | 394,405 | 1,894,925 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Additions | 18,030 | 77,495 | 18,835 | 955 | 68,646 | 183,961 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Elimination of Predecessor fair value adjustment arising from the acquisition of Chindex in 2014 | 7,617 | - | (374 | ) | - | - | 7,243 | |||||||||||||||||
| Fair value adjustment arising from the Business Combination | 91,610 | (47,632 | ) | 13,952 | 6,669 | - | 64,599 | |||||||||||||||||
| Transfers | 443,089 | 42 | 1,038 | 3,158 | (447,327 | ) | - | |||||||||||||||||
| Disposals | (343 | ) | (1,594 | ) | (443 | ) | (18 | ) | - | (2,398 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Depreciation | (102,216 | ) | (59,915 | ) | (18,746 | ) | (4,672 | ) | - | (185,549 | ) | |||||||||||||
| At 31 December 2019, net of accumulated depreciation | 1,514,160 | 358,227 | 54,977 | 19,693 | 15,724 | 1,962,781 | ||||||||||||||||||
| At 31 December 2019 (Successor) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost, net of accumulated depreciation prior to the Closing Date | 1,518,694 | 359,540 | 56,087 | 20,012 | 15,724 | 1,970,057 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation after the Closing Date | (4,534 | ) | (1,313 | ) | (1,110 | ) | (319 | ) | - | (7,276 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Net carrying amount | 1,514,160 | 358,227 | 54,977 | 19,693 | 15,724 | 1,962,781 | ||||||||||||||||||
| F-50 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 10. | Property and equipment continued |
Interest expenses arising from borrowings attributable to the construction of healthcare facility leasehold improvements capitalized during 2020 Successor Period was RMB1,274 and was included in additions to CIP. The rate used to determine the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalization was 6.36%, which was the EIR of the specific borrowing. There was no interest expense capitalized during other periods presented.
Impairment testing of property and equipment
When any indicators of impairment are identified, property and equipment are reviewed for impairment based on each CGU. The CGU is assessed at hospitals and clinics level. The carrying values of these CGUs were compared to the recoverable amounts of the CGUs, which were based predominantly on value in use. Value in use calculations use cash flow projections based on financial budgets approved by management covering a five-year period. Other key assumptions applied in the impairment testing include the expected price of healthcare services, demand for the services, service costs and related expenses. Management determined these key assumptions based on past performance and their expectations on market development. Further, the Group adopted a rate of 12.0% for impairment testing of property and equipment at both 31 December 2020 and 2019 that reflects specific risks related to the CGUs as discount rate.
There were two CGUs with indicators of impairment identified at the end of 2020 Successor Period. Based on the impairment assessments, management of the Group are of the view that there was no impairment during the periods presented.
| F-51 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 11. | Intangible assets |
| Brand | Contracts with insurers | Software | Total | |||||||||||||
| At 1 January 2020 (Successor) | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost, net of accumulated amortization prior to the Closing Date | 1,729,200 | 822,700 | 35,319 | 2,587,219 | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated amortization after the Closing Date | - | (1,981 | ) | (345 | ) | (2,326 | ) | |||||||||
| Net carrying amount | 1,729,200 | 820,719 | 34,974 | 2,584,893 | ||||||||||||
| Cost at 1 January 2020, net of accumulated amortization | 1,729,200 | 820,719 | 34,974 | 2,584,893 | ||||||||||||
| Disposal of subsidiaries | - | - | (278 | ) | (278 | ) | ||||||||||
| Additions | - | - | 3,114 | 3,114 | ||||||||||||
| Disposals | - | - | (266 | ) | (266 | ) | ||||||||||
| Amortization | - | (54,846 | ) | (5,840 | ) | (60,686 | ) | |||||||||
| At 31 December 2020, net of accumulated amortization | 1,729,200 | 765,873 | 31,704 | 2,526,777 | ||||||||||||
| At 31 December 2020 (Successor) | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost, net of accumulated amortization prior to the Closing Date | 1,729,200 | 822,700 | 37,856 | 2,589,756 | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated amortization after the Closing Date | - | (56,827 | ) | (6,152 | ) | (62,979 | ) | |||||||||
| Net carrying amount | 1,729,200 | 765,873 | 31,704 | 2,526,777 | ||||||||||||
| F-52 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 11. | Intangible assets continued |
| Brand | Contracts with insurers | Software | Total | |||||||||||||
| At 1 January 2019 (Predecessor) | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost | 992,500 | 92,500 | 69,511 | 1,154,511 | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated amortization | - | (26,208 | ) | (35,390 | ) | (61,598 | ) | |||||||||
| Net carrying amount | 992,500 | 66,292 | 34,121 | 1,092,913 | ||||||||||||
| Cost at 1 January 2019, net of accumulated amortization | 992,500 | 66,292 | 34,121 | 1,092,913 | ||||||||||||
| Elimination of Predecessor intangible assets arising from the acquisition of Chindex in 2014 | (992,500 | ) | (60,341 | ) | - | (1,052,841 | ) | |||||||||
| Addition arising from the Business Combination | 1,729,200 | 822,700 | - | 2,551,900 | ||||||||||||
| Additions | - | - | 6,965 | 6,965 | ||||||||||||
| Amortization | - | (7,932 | ) | (6,112 | ) | (14,044 | ) | |||||||||
| At 31 December 2019 | 1,729,200 | 820,719 | 34,974 | 2,584,893 | ||||||||||||
| At 31 December 2019 (Successor) | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost, net of accumulated amortization prior to the Closing Date | 1,729,200 | 822,700 | 35,319 | 2,587,219 | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated amortization after the Closing Date | - | (1,981 | ) | (345 | ) | (2,326 | ) | |||||||||
| Net carrying amount | 1,729,200 | 820,719 | 34,974 | 2,584,893 | ||||||||||||
| F-53 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 12. | Lease |
The Group as a lessee
The Group has lease contracts for hospital and office buildings, vehicles, medical equipment used in its operations. Leases of buildings generally have lease contract terms between 2 and 20 years. Leases of medical equipment generally have lease contract terms between 1.3 and 5 years. Vehicles generally have lease terms of 12 months or less and/or is individually of low value except for one vehicle lease contract with lease term of 1.1 years. Generally, the Group is restricted from assigning and subleasing the leased assets outside the Group. The Group has no lease contract that includes extension or termination options. There is a lease contract that includes variable lease payments, which is further discussed below.
(a) Right-of-use assets
The carrying amounts of the Group’s right-of-use assets and the movements during the periods are as follows:
Buildings | Medical equipment |
Vehicle |
Total | |||||||||||||
| As at 1 January 2019 (Predecessor) | 1,776,102 | - | - | 1,776,102 | ||||||||||||
| Additions | 23,531 | - | - | 23,531 | ||||||||||||
| Fair value adjustment arising from the Business Combination | 112,814 | - | - | 112,814 | ||||||||||||
| Revision of lease terms arising from changes in the non-cancellable period of leases | 5,351 | - | - | 5,351 | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation charge | (144,791 | ) | - | - | (144,791 | ) | ||||||||||
| As at 31 December 2019 and 1 January 2020 (Successor) | 1,773,007 | - | - | 1,773,007 | ||||||||||||
| Additions | 68,111 | 1,897 | 516 | 70,524 | ||||||||||||
| Revision of lease terms arising from changes in the non-cancellable period of leases | (34,555 | ) | (229 | ) | - | (34,784 | ) | |||||||||
| Depreciation charge | (156,039 | ) | (554 | ) | (406 | ) | (156,999 | ) | ||||||||
| As at 31 December 2020 (Successor) | 1,650,524 | 1,114 | 110 | 1,651,748 | ||||||||||||
| F-54 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 12. | Lease continued |
The Group as a lessee continued
(b) Lease liabilities
The carrying amount of the Group’s lease liabilities and the movements during the periods are as follows:
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Carrying amount at 1 January | 1,751,703 | 1,815,187 | ||||||
| New leases | 70,473 | 23,531 | ||||||
| Revision of lease terms arising from changes in the non-cancellable period of leases | (36,600 | ) | 5,262 | |||||
| Accretion of interest recognized during the period | 102,382 | 106,239 | ||||||
| Payments | (196,229 | ) | (177,566 | ) | ||||
| COVID-19 related rent concessions from lessors | (6,846 | ) | - | |||||
| Accrued but unpaid rent | (132 | ) | (20,950 | ) | ||||
| Carrying amount at 31 December | 1,684,751 | 1,751,703 | ||||||
| Analyzed into: | ||||||||
| Current portion | 89,181 | 90,521 | ||||||
| Non-current portion | 1,595,570 | 1,661,182 | ||||||
The maturity analysis of lease liabilities is disclosed in Note 28 to the financial statements.
As disclosed in note 2.2 to the financial statements, the Group has early adopted the amendment to IFRS 16 and applied the practical expedient to all eligible rent concessions granted by the lessors for leases of certain buildings during the year.
| F-55 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 12. | Lease continued |
The Group as a lessee continued
(c) The amounts recognized in profit or loss in relation to leases are as follows:
Year ended 31 2020 | Period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | Period from 1 January to 18 | ||||||||||
| Successor (NFH) | Predecessor (HHH) | |||||||||||
| Interest on lease liabilities | 102,382 | 3,716 | 102,523 | |||||||||
| Depreciation charge of right-of-use assets | 156,999 | 5,329 | 139,462 | |||||||||
| Expense relating to short-term leases (included in lease and rental expenses) | 8,361 | 730 | 12,533 | |||||||||
| Expense relating to leases of low-value assets (included in lease and rental expenses) | 993 | 9 | 634 | |||||||||
| COVID-19 related rent concessions from lessors | (6,846 | ) | - | - | ||||||||
| Total amount recognized in profit or loss | 261,889 | 9,784 | 255,152 | |||||||||
(d) Variable lease payments
The Group has a lease contract for a hospital building that contains variable rent based on the net income (if any) of a subsidiary of the Group, in addition to minimum annual rental payments. Management’s objective is to align the lease expense with the net income earned. As this hospital is still loss making during the periods presented, only the minimum payments have been paid. The following provides information on the Group’s variable and minimum lease payments, including the magnitude in relation to fixed payments:
Year ended 31 2020 | Period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | Period from 1 January to 18 December 2019 | ||||||||||
| Successor (NFH) | Predecessor (HHH) | |||||||||||
| Fixed rent | 183,075 | 9,702 | 147,864 | |||||||||
| COVID-19 related rent concessions from lessors | (6,846 | ) | - | - | ||||||||
| Variable rent with minimum payment | 20,000 | - | 20,000 | |||||||||
| 196,229 | 9,702 | 167,864 | ||||||||||
(e) The total cash outflow for lease is disclosed in Note 24(c) to the financial statements.
| F-56 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 13. | Goodwill |
| At 1 January 2019 (Predecessor) | 1,121,138 | |||
| Elimination of Predecessor goodwill arising from the acquisition of Chindex in 2014 | (1,121,138 | ) | ||
| Acquisition arising from the Business Combination (Note 23) | 6,056,253 | |||
| At 31 December 2019 (Successor) | 6,056,253 | |||
| Acquisition of a subsidiary (Note 23) | 32,789 | |||
| Disposal of a subsidiary | (3,392 | ) | ||
| At 31 December 2020 (Successor) | 6,085,650 |
Impairment testing of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives
Goodwill and brand with indefinite useful life acquired through the Business Combinations are allocated to the following CGUs for impairment testing:
| • | Operating assets_Tier 1 |
| • | Operating assets_Tier 2 |
| • | Expansion assets |
The recoverable amounts of the CGUs above have been determined based on a value in use calculation using cash flow projections based on financial budgets covering a five-year period approved by management. The discount rate applied to the cash flow projections is 12.0% at both 31 December 2020 and 2019. The growth rate used to extrapolate the cash flows beyond the five-year period at 31 December 2020 and 2019 is both 3%, which does not exceed the long-term average growth rate of the healthcare industry.
The carrying amount of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives allocated to each of the CGUs are as follows:
| Operating assets_Tier 1 | Operating assets_Tier 2 | Expansion assets | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying amount of goodwill | 3,596,102 | 3,596,102 | 361,449 | 364,841 | 2,128,099 | 2,095,310 | 6,085,650 | 6,056,253 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying amount of brand with indefinite useful life | 939,200 | 939,200 | 222,500 | 222,500 | 567,500 | 567,500 | 1,729,200 | 1,729,200 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assumptions were used in the value in use calculation of the CGUs at the end of 2020 and 2019. The following describes each key assumption on which management has based its cash flow projections to undertake impairment testing of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives:
Budgeted revenue and operating expenses – The basis used to determine budgeted revenue and operating expenses are the amounts in the year preceding the beginning of the budget period, which is adjusted over the budget period for anticipated efficiency improvements and expected market development.
| F-57 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 13. | Goodwill continued |
Impairment testing of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives continued
Discount rates – The discount rates used are before tax and reflect specific risks specific to each CGU, taking into consideration the time value of money and individual risks of the underlying assets that have not been incorporated in the cash flow estimates.
Growth rate estimates –Rates are estimated based on the PRC published inflation rate and external market data.
Management determined these key assumptions based on past performance and their expectations on market development.
| F-58 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 14. | Inventories |
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Pharmacy inventory | 70,265 | 34,783 | ||||||
| Hospital consumables | 19,446 | 20,314 | ||||||
| Others | 2,557 | 1,495 | ||||||
| 92,268 | 56,592 | |||||||
No impairment was recognized as an expense for inventories carried at net realizable value during the periods presented.
| 15. | Trade receivables |
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Trade receivables | 278,547 | 280,250 | ||||||
| Impairment | (59,576 | ) | (64,874 | ) | ||||
| 218,971 | 215,376 | |||||||
The Group assesses a patient’s ability to pay based on the patient’s financial capacity and intention to pay considering all relevant facts and circumstances, including pre-clearing with the patient’s respective insurance company, and past experiences with that patient or patient class. For certain patient classes, the Group requires substantial upfront deposits or full payment before the patient is discharged. Therefore, the Group concludes that collectability is probable for each patient based on its procedures performed prior to accepting each patient and on its historical experience with each patient class while also accepting that there is some credit risk inherent with some patient classes. Trade receivables are non-interest bearing and are generally on terms of 30 to 90 days. The trade receivables are predominantly due from creditworthy insurance companies. The remaining debtors are individual patients. The Group does not hold any collateral as security. There is no concentration of credit risk with respect to trade receivables because no individual debtor contributed more than 10% of the Group’s trade receivables as at 31 December 2020 and 2019.
| F-59 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 15. | Trade receivables continued |
An aging analysis of trade receivables at the end of reporting periods, based on the revenue recognition date and net of loss allowance is as follows:
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||
| Within 3 months | 163,664 | 159,152 | |||||||
| 3 months – 6 months | 20,968 | 22,469 | |||||||
| 6 months – 9 months | 7,766 | 11,245 | |||||||
| 9 months – 1 year | 3,872 | 6,241 | |||||||
| 1 – 2 years | 15,049 | 15,712 | |||||||
| 2 – 3 years | 7,652 | 557 | |||||||
| 218,971 | 215,376 | ||||||||
The movements in the loss allowance for impairment of trade receivables are as follows:
| At 1 January 2020 (Successor) | 64,874 | |||
| Impairment losses | 7,378 | |||
| Amount written off as uncollectible | (12,676 | ) | ||
| At 31 December 2020 (Successor) | 59,576 | |||
| At 1 January 2019 (Predecessor) | 75,296 | |||
| Impairment losses | 7,040 | |||
| Amount written off as uncollectible | (17,462 | ) | ||
| At 31 December 2019 (Successor) | 64,874 |
An impairment analysis is performed at each reporting date using a provision matrix to measure expected credit losses. The Group’s expected credit losses are concentrated in the individual patient class. The provision rates are based on days past due for customers. The calculation reflects the supportable information that is available at the reporting date about past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions. Trade receivables are written off if past due for more than three years.
| F-60 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 15. | Trade receivables continued |
Set out below is the information about the credit risk exposure on the Group’s trade receivables using a provision matrix:
| Past due | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31 December 2020 | Within 3 months | 3-6 months | 6-9 months | 9-12 months | 1-2 years | 2-3 years | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected credit loss rate | 5.32 | % | 17.19 | % | 31.92 | % | 40.84 | % | 55.71 | % | 73.09 | % | 21.39 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Gross carrying amount | 172,860 | 25,321 | 11,407 | 6,545 | 33,978 | 28,436 | 278,547 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected credit losses | 9,196 | 4,353 | 3,641 | 2,673 | 18,929 | 20,784 | 59,576 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Past due | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31 December 2019 | Within 3 months | 3-6 months | 6-9 months | 9-12 months | 1-2 years | 2-3 years | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected credit loss rate | 3.78 | % | 17.41 | % | 31.38 | % | 41.75 | % | 60.56 | % | 97.31 | % | 23.15 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Gross carrying amount | 165,401 | 27,205 | 16,388 | 10,714 | 39,834 | 20,708 | 280,250 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected credit losses | 6,249 | 4,736 | 5,143 | 4,473 | 24,122 | 20,151 | 64,874 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| F-61 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 16. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Notes | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Cash and bank balances | (a) | 640,429 | 1,353,300 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 640,429 | 1,353,300 | ||||||||||
| Restricted cash | ||||||||||||
| Current | (b) | - | 376,715 | |||||||||
| Non-current | 350 | 350 | ||||||||||
| Restricted cash | 350 | 377,065 | ||||||||||
Notes:
| (a) | Cash and cash equivalents amounting to RMB242,317 and RMB1,097,448 at 31 December 2020 and 2019 were denominated in US$, respectively. |
| (b) | Restricted cash mainly represented deposits pledged for interest-bearing bank borrowings. |
Cash at banks earns interest at floating rates based on daily bank deposit rates. The bank balances and restricted cash are deposited with creditworthy banks with no recent history of default.
| 17. | Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
| Note | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Payables for purchases of property and equipment | 197,369 | 279,285 | ||||||||||
| Accrued expenses | 112,023 | 118,515 | ||||||||||
| Payroll and welfare payable | 64,810 | 144,267 | ||||||||||
| Withholding tax, value added taxes and surcharges payable | (a) | 33,443 | 195,273 | |||||||||
| Interest payable | 4,112 | 34,348 | ||||||||||
| Accrued rent | 3,855 | 23,496 | ||||||||||
| Transaction costs payable | 2,647 | 79,480 | ||||||||||
| Others | 7,681 | 7,494 | ||||||||||
| 425,940 | 882,158 | |||||||||||
| (a) | The balance at 31 December 2019 includes RMB147,632 individual income withholding tax associated with employees’ share options exercise and vesting of RSUs during 2019 Predecessor Period. |
| F-62 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 18. | Interest-bearing bank borrowings |
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Current | ||||||||
| -Secured | 6,027 | 400,325 | ||||||
| Non-current | ||||||||
| -Secured | 2,054,649 | 2,060,933 | ||||||
| 2,060,676 | 2,461,258 | |||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Maturity profile of the bank borrowings: | ||||||||
| Within 1 year | 6,027 | 400,325 | ||||||
| Between 1 and 2 years | 100,089 | 6,130 | ||||||
| Between 2 and 5 years | 909,190 | 489,440 | ||||||
| Over 5 years | 1,045,370 | 1,565,363 | ||||||
| 2,060,676 | 2,461,258 | |||||||
| (a) | The interest-bearing bank borrowings were all RMB denominated. The weighted average annual interest rate for the 2020 Successor Period, 2019 Successor Period and 2019 Predecessor Period was 5.26% to 7.08%, 6.64% to 6.97%, and 2.15% to 7.82%, respectively. |
| (b) | All the bank borrowings are secured by: |
| Note | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Equity interest in subsidiaries | 2,060,676 | 2,066,948 | ||||||||||
| Restricted cash and equity interest in a subsidiary | (c) | - | 394,310 | |||||||||
| 2,060,676 | 2,461,258 | |||||||||||
| (c) | In accordance with the International Finance Corporation (“IFC”) loan agreement dated 27 January 2017, IFC has the right to accelerate the prepayment of the outstanding loan amount upon a change in control event including the Business Combination (hereinafter referred to as the “Prepayment”). On 17 December 2019, IFC gave a written consent, consenting to the Business Combination, and the Prepayment within four months after the completion of the Business Combination. In conjunction with the Prepayment on 18 December 2019, the Group placed funds amounting to US$54,000 into a security account and incurred Prepayment costs amounting to RMB18,339. There were no other costs, fees or penalties related to the Prepayment. The IFC outstanding loan balance amounted to RMB394,310 as of 31 December 2019, which was included in current interest-bearing bank borrowings. The US$54,000 restricted cash was released along with the repayment of IFC loan in April 2020. |
| (d) | There were no unutilized banking facilities available at both 31 December 2020 and 2019. |
| F-63 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 19. | Deferred tax |
The movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the periods, without taking into account the offsetting of balances, are as follows:
Deferred tax assets
| Tax loss | Impairment of trade receivables | Accrued expense | Leases | Others | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| At 1 January 2020 (Successor) | 1,782 | 29,882 | 20,841 | 6,708 | 927 | 60,140 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Credited /(debited) to income statement | 4,875 | (5,776 | ) | (14,744 | ) | 3,447 | 12 | (12,186 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Gross deferred tax assets at 31 December 2020 (Successor) | 6,657 | 24,106 | 6,097 | 10,155 | 939 | 47,954 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Tax loss | Impairment of trade receivables | Accrued expense | Property and equipment | Leases | Others | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| At 1 January 2019 (Predecessor) | 2,768 | 31,168 | 19,936 | 2,137 | - | 807 | 56,816 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Elimination of Predecessor deferred tax assets arising from the acquisition of Chindex in 2014 | - | - | - | (1,904 | ) | - | - | (1,904 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Debited)/credited to income statement | (986 | ) | (1,286 | ) | 905 | (233 | ) | 6,708 | 120 | 5,228 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gross deferred tax assets at 31 December 2019 (Successor) | 1,782 | 29,882 | 20,841 | - | 6,708 | 927 | 60,140 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| F-64 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 19. | Deferred tax continued |
Deferred tax liabilities
| Brand | Contracts with insurers | Property and equipment | Leases | Others | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| At 1 January 2020 (Successor) | (432,300 | ) | (205,179 | ) | (16,627 | ) | (28,177 | ) | (571 | ) | (682,854 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Acquisition of a subsidiary (Note23) | - | - | (522 | ) | - | - | (522 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Credited to income statement | - | 13,712 | 385 | 2,046 | 102 | 16,245 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gross deferred tax liabilities at 31 December 2020 (Successor) | (432,300 | ) | (191,467 | ) | (16,764 | ) | (26,131 | ) | (469 | ) | (667,131 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Brand | Contracts with insurers | Property and equipment | Leases | Others | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| At 1 January 2019 (Predecessor) | (248,125 | ) | (16,572 | ) | (795 | ) | - | (290 | ) | (265,782 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Elimination of Predecessor deferred tax liabilities arising from the acquisition of Chindex in 2014 | 248,125 | 15,085 | 93 | - | - | 263,303 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Addition arising from the Business Combination | (432,300 | ) | (205,675 | ) | (16,150 | ) | (28,203 | ) | - | (682,328 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Credited/(debited) to income statement | - | 1,983 | 225 | 26 | (281 | ) | 1,953 | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross deferred tax liabilities at 31 December 2019 (Successor) | (432,300 | ) | (205,179 | ) | (16,627 | ) | (28,177 | ) | (571 | ) | (682,854 | ) | ||||||||||||
| F-65 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 19. | Deferred tax continued |
For presentation purposes, certain deferred tax assets and liabilities have been offset in financial position. The offset amounts are as follows:
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Deferred tax assets | 47,954 | 60,140 | ||||||
| Offset with deferred tax liabilities | (1,169 | ) | (1,139 | ) | ||||
| Net deferred tax assets recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position | 46,785 | 59,001 | ||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | (667,131 | ) | (682,854 | ) | ||||
| Offset with deferred tax assets | 1,169 | 1,139 | ||||||
| Net deferred tax liabilities recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position | (665,962 | ) | (681,715 | ) | ||||
Deferred tax assets have not been recognized in respect of the following items:
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Tax losses | 1,112,091 | 920,192 | ||||||
| Deductible temporary differences | 97,784 | 60,763 | ||||||
| 1,209,875 | 980,955 | |||||||
Pursuant to the PRC EIT Law, 10% withholding tax is levied on dividends declared to foreign investors from the foreign investment enterprises established in PRC. The requirement is effective from 1 January 2008 and applies to earnings after 31 December 2007. At 31 December 2020 and 2019, no deferred tax has been recognized for withholding taxes that would be payable on the unremitted earnings that are subject to withholding taxes of the Company and the Group’s subsidiaries established in PRC. In the opinion of management of the Company, the Group’s earnings will be retained in PRC for the expansion of the Group’s operation, so it is not probable that these subsidiaries will distribute such earnings in the foreseeable future. Deferred income tax assets are recognized for tax losses carried-forward to the extent that realization of the related tax benefit through future taxable profits is probable. The Group did not recognize deferred income tax assets of RMB278,023 and RMB230,048 in respect of certain PRC subsidiaries’ accumulated tax losses of RMB1,112,091 and RMB920,192 as at 31 December 2020 and 2019 that can be carried forward against future taxable income and will expire between 2021 and 2025, and 2020 and 2024, respectively.
| F-66 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 20. | Related party transactions |
| Name of Related Parties | Relationship with the Group | |
| Successor (NFH) | ||
| Fosun Industrial Co., Limited (“Fosun”) | Shareholder with significant influence | |
| Chindex Medical Limited (“CML”) | Subsidiary of Fosun | |
| Ample Up Limited (“Ample”) | Subsidiary of Fosun | |
| Shanghai Fuji Medical Equipment Co., Limited (“Fuji”) | Subsidiary of Fosun | |
| Shanghai Fosun Medical System Co., Limited. (“Fosun Medical”) | Subsidiary of Fosun | |
| Shenzhen Sanjiu Hospital Co., Limited (“Sanjiu Hospital”) | Fellow subsidiary of the Sponsor | |
| Shenzhen New Frontier United Family Hospital (“Shenzhen NF UFH”) | Fellow subsidiary of the Sponsor | |
| Shanghai YD Care Medical Technology Co., Ltd. (“YD Care”) | Fellow subsidiary of the Sponsor | |
| Beijing Youhujia Healthcare Management Co., Ltd. (“Beijing YHJ”)* | Subsidiary of YD Care, associate of the Group | |
| Shanghai Youhujia Health Management Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai YHJ”) | Subsidiary of YD Care | |
| United Foundation for China’s Health (“China UFCH”) | Not-for-profit organization with significant influence by NFH CEO | |
| Shanghai Niufeng Medical Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Niufeng”) | Fellow subsidiary of the Sponsor | |
| Shanghai Peiyun Medical Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Peiyun”) | Fellow subsidiary of the Sponsor | |
| Strategic Healthcare Holding Limited (“SHH”) | Fellow subsidiary of the Sponsor | |
*In April 2020, the Group disposed 80% equity interests in Beijing YHJ to YD Care for a cash consideration of RMB4,000. After the disposal, Beijing YHJ is an associate of the Group.
Predecessor (HHH) | ||
| TPG Healthy, L.P. (“TPG”) | LP interests holder | |
| Fosun Industrial Co., Limited (“Fosun”) | LP interests holder | |
| Chindex Medical Limited (“CML”) | Subsidiary of Fosun | |
| Ample Up Limited (“Ample”) | Subsidiary of Fosun | |
| Shanghai Fuji Medical Equipment Co., Limited (“Fuji”) | Subsidiary of Fosun | |
| Shanghai Fosun Medical System Co., Limited. (“Fosun Medical”) | Subsidiary of Fosun | |
| F-67 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 20. | Related party transactions continued |
| (a) | Related party transactions |
| Year ended 31 December 2020 | Period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | Period from 1 January to 18 December 2019 | Year ended 31 December 2018 | |||||||||||||
| Successor (NFH) | Predecessor (HHH) | |||||||||||||||
| Share subscriptions from SHH | 29,456 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Repayment of related party loan to Shanghai Peiyun | 28,900 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Purchase of nursing services from Beijing YHJ and Shanghai YHJ | 10,170 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Purchase of 75% equity of Shanghai Precison Clinic Co., Ltd. (“Precision clinic”) from Shanghai Niufeng | 8,000 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Management services to Sanjiu Hospital | 4,330 | 148 | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Sale of 80% equity of Beijing YHJ to YD Care | 4,000 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Purchases of medical services from Fuji | 1,828 | 75 | 1,746 | 1,006 | ||||||||||||
| Donation to China UFCH | 864 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Sale of medical consumables to China UFCH | 350 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Purchases of medical services from Fosun Medical | 234 | 83 | 59 | - | ||||||||||||
| Consulting services to Beijing YHJ and Shanghai YHJ | 219 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Purchases of medical equipment from Ample and CML | 85 | 67 | 16,865 | 882 | ||||||||||||
| Advances to senior executives | - | 63,405 | - | 14,705 | ||||||||||||
| Transaction expense reimbursement to Fosun | - | 34,977 | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Transaction bonus to senior executives | - | 4,553 | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Management consulting services from TPG and Fosun | - | - | 3,797 | 3,637 | ||||||||||||
| (b) | Related party balances |
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||
| Amounts due from related parties: | ||||||||||||
| Sanjiu Hospital and Shenzhen NF UFH | 7,965 | 3,375 | ||||||||||
| YD Care | 2,000 | - | ||||||||||
| Beijing YHJ and Shanghai YHJ | 164 | - | ||||||||||
| Senior executives | (i) | - | 63,405 | |||||||||
| CML | - | 99 | ||||||||||
| Fosun Medical | - | 44 | ||||||||||
| 10,129 | 66,923 | |||||||||||
| Amounts due to related parties: | ||||||||||||
| Beijing YHJ and Shanghai YHJ | 2,113 | - | ||||||||||
| Fuji | 864 | 334 | ||||||||||
| Shanghai Peiyun | 205 | - | ||||||||||
| Fosun Medical | 101 | 103 | ||||||||||
| Senior executives | - | 2,790 | ||||||||||
| TPG and Fosun | - | 652 | ||||||||||
| CML | - | 166 | ||||||||||
| 3,283 | 4,045 | |||||||||||
| F-68 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 20. | Related party transactions continued |
| (b) | Related party balances continued |
| (i) | Amount due from senior executives at 31 December 2019 was a balance due from a senior executive, which was promptly paid back in January 2020. |
All the balances due from and due to related parties as of 31 December 2020 and 2019 were unsecured, and neither past due nor impaired. The credit quality of due from related parties is assessed by reference to the counterparties’ default history. Based on past experience, management of the Company are of the opinion that no provision for impairment is necessary in respect of these balances as there has not been a significant change in credit quality and the balances are still considered recoverable for the periods presented.
| (c) | Compensation of key management personnel of the Group |
| Year ended 31 December 2020 | Period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | Period from 1 January to 18 December 2019 | Year ended 31 December 2018 | |||||||||||||
| Successor (NFH) | Predecessor (HHH) | |||||||||||||||
| Short term employee benefits | 10,443 | 5,284 | 19,783 | 16,526 | ||||||||||||
| Post-employment benefits | 93 | 5 | 145 | 140 | ||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | 355 | 9,555 | 12,360 | 13,062 | ||||||||||||
| Total compensation paid to key management personnel | 10,891 | 14,844 | 32,288 | 29,728 | ||||||||||||
| F-69 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 21. | Share capital and capital surplus |
Ordinary shares
Number of shares issued and fully paid |
Share Capital | ||||||||
| At 31 December 2020 and 2019 | 131,356,980 | 91 | |||||||
Preference shares
The Company has 10,000,000 shares authorized with par value of US$0.0001. None of them was issued and outstanding at 31 December 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Share options
Details of the Group’s share option scheme and the share options issued are included in Note 22 to the financial statements.
| F-70 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 22. | Share-based payments |
The Partnership adopted a share incentive plan on 29 September 2014 (the “Plan”) for the purposes of providing incentives and rewards to the Partnership’s employees. The Plan is administered by HH GP. The total number of Partnership Awards that can be granted under the Plan is 2,073,468. All options, whether vested or unvested, shall expire on the tenth anniversary of their grant dates. There are no cash settlement alternatives. The Partnership does not have a past practice of cash settlement for these Partnership Awards. 50% of the options granted generally vest in five equal installments over a service period, while the remaining 50% of the options vest if and when the Partnership’s specified performance conditions, including EBITDA targets are met (non-market condition), or if a fixed targeted return on the LP interests is achieved (market condition). The RSUs generally vest if and when the Partnership’s specified performance conditions, including EBITDA targets are met (non-market condition), or if a fixed targeted return on the LP interests is achieved (market condition).
Partnership Awards, whether vested or unvested, that were outstanding immediately prior to the Closing Date were converted into and became NFH Awards. The NFH Awards shall be exercisable for that number of NFH ordinary shares (rounded down to the nearest whole share) equal to the product of (i) the total number of LP Interests subject to the corresponding Partnership Awards, multiplied by (ii) the exchange ratio (the “Exchange Ratio”), which means the purchase price per LP Interest divided by US$10. The exercise price per each NFH Award (rounded up to the nearest whole cent) ranged from US$4.75 to US$6.18 calculated by dividing the exercise price per LP Interest ranging from US$24.0 to US$31.2, by the Exchange Ratio of approximately 5.05. Each NFH Award continues to have, and is subject to, the same remaining terms and conditions as applied to the corresponding Partnership Award immediately prior to the Closing Date.
NFH Awards do not confer rights on the holders to dividends or to vote at shareholders’ meetings.
| F-71 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 22 | Share-based payments continued |
Share options
The Company adopted the 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) on 12 December 2019. The 2019 Plan intends to: (i) encourage the profitability and growth of the Company through short-term and long-term incentives that are consistent with the Company’s objectives; (ii) give participants an incentive for excellence in individual performance; (iii) promote teamwork among participants; and (iv) give the Company a significant advantage in attracting and retaining key employees, directors, and consultants. To accomplish such purposes, the 2019 Plan provides that the Company may grant options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units, performance-based awards (including performance-based restricted shares and restricted share units), other share-based awards, other cash-based awards or any combination of the foregoing (collectively the “Awards”). The 2019 Plan is administered by the board of directors (the “Board”) of the Company or the committee appointed by the Board. The maximum number of shares that are reserved and available for issuance pursuant to Awards granted under the 2019 Plan is 9,815,773. No Awards were granted under 2019 Plan during the periods presented.
The movement of the share options granted to employees of the Group are as follows:
| Notes |
Year ended 31 December 2020 | Period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | Period from 1 January to 18 December 2019 | Year ended 31 December 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor (NFH) | Predecessor (HHH) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average exercise price per share | Number of options | Weighted average exercise price per share | Number of options | Weighted average exercise price per share | Number of options | Weighted average exercise price per share | Number of options | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At beginning of period | (a) | 4.9 | 3,849,921 | 4.9 | 3,849,921 | 24.3 | 1,150,120 | 24.0 | 1,140,040 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted during the Period | - | - | 31.2 | 117,551 | 28.4 | 66,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited during the Period | 6.1 | (210,563 | ) | - | - | - | - | 24.0 | (55,920 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settled during the Period | (b) | - | - | - | 24.8 | (505,208 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At end of period | 4.9 | 3,639,358 | 4.9 | 3,849,921 | 25.0 | 762,463 | 24.3 | 1,150,120 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercisable at the end of the period | 3,381,167 | 3,280,062 | 650,000 | 562,948 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| F-72 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 22. | Share-based payments continued |
Share options continued
(a) The number of NFH options at the beginning of the 2019 Successor Period was calculated by multiplying the number of Partnership options outstanding at the end of 2019 Predecessor Period (or 762,463 options) by the Exchange Ratio of approximately 5.05.
(b) On the Closing Date, NFH paid cash and issued NFH ordinary shares in lieu of full settlement of these fully vested options. The fair value of these fully vested options are included in the purchase consideration of the Business Combination (Note 23).
The weighted average fair value of share options granted under the Plan during 2019 Predecessor Period and 2018 Predecessor Period was US$20.63 and US$16.89, respectively. No share options under the Plan expired during the periods presented. The weighted average remaining contractual life for the share options outstanding as at 31 December 2020 and 2019 was 4.39 years and 5.60 years, respectively. The range of exercise periods for options outstanding at 31 December 2020 and 2019 were both from 30 September 2015 to 31 March 2029. The range of exercise prices for options outstanding at the end of period ended 31 December 2020 and 2019 were both from US$4.75 to US$6.18.
The fair value of the share options is estimated using a binomial option pricing model, taking into account the terms and conditions on which the share options were granted. The following tables list the inputs to the models used for the share options granted during 2019 Predecessor Period and 2018 Predecessor Period under the Plan:
| Period from 1 January to 18 December 2019 | Year ended 31 December 2018 | |||||||
| Predecessor (HHH) | Predecessor (HHH) | |||||||
| Expected volatility range (%) | 36.3 | % | 40.2 | % | ||||
| Risk–free interest rate (%) | 2.59 | % | 3.12 | % | ||||
| Exercise multiple | 2.8 | 2.8 | ||||||
| Fair value of LP interest unit (US$) | 39.84 | 32.81 | ||||||
The exercise multiple was estimated as the average ratio of the LP interest unit price to the exercise price of when employees would decide to voluntarily exercise their vested options. The expected volatility reflects the assumption that the historical volatility over a period similar to the life of the options is indicative of future trends, which may not necessarily be the actual outcome.
The following table lists the inputs to the model used for the NFH options issued and the Partnership options replaced on the Closing Date:
| Successor (NFH) | Predecessor (HHH) | |||||||
| Expected volatility range (%) | 31.65%-32.74 | % | 31.65%-32.74 | % | ||||
| Risk–free interest rate (%) | 1.80%-19.1 | % | 1.80%-19.1 | % | ||||
| Exercise multiple | 2.8 | 2.8 | ||||||
| Fair value of ordinary share/LP interest unit (US$) | 10.11 | 48.74 | ||||||
The fair value of the NFH option was higher than the Partnership option, resulting in incremental compensation cost amounting to (i) RMB9,327, which was expensed on the Closing Date; and (ii) RMB932, which will be recognized over the remaining requisite service vesting period.
No option was granted during 2020 and 2019 Successor Periods.
| F-73 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 22. | Share-based payments continued |
RSUs
The movement of the RSUs granted to the employees of the Group are as follows:
| Notes | Year ended 31 December 2020 | Period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | Period from 1 January to 18 December 2019 | Year ended 31 December 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor (NFH) | Predecessor (HHH) | |||||||||||||||||||
| At beginning of period | (c) | 148,393 | 148,393 | 644,060 | 645,020 | |||||||||||||||
| Granted during the period | - | - | 58,776 | 27,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited during the period | (59,332 | ) | - | - | (27,960 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Exercised during the period | - | - | (400,000 | ) | - | |||||||||||||||
| Settled during the period | (d) | - | - | (273,448 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
At end of period | 89,061 | 148,393 | 29,388 | 644,060 | ||||||||||||||||
(c) The number of NFH RSUs at the beginning of the 2019 Successor Period was calculated by multiplying the number of Partnership RSUs at the end of 2019 Predecessor Period (or 29,388 RSUs) by the Exchange Ratio of approximately 5.05.
(d) On the Closing Date, NFH paid cash and issued NFH ordinary shares in lieu of full settlement of these fully vested RSUs. The fair value of these fully vested RSUs are included in the purchase consideration of the Business Combination (Note 23).
The fair value of the NFH RSU was higher than the Partnership RSU, resulting in incremental compensation cost amounting to (i) RMB156, which was expensed on the Closing Date; and (ii) RMB321, which will be recognized over the remaining requisite service vesting period. The weighted average fair value of RSUs granted during 2019 Predecessor Period and 2018 Predecessor Period was US$39.84 and US$32.81, respectively. The fair value of a RSU is equal to the fair value of the underlying limited partner interests on the date of grant. The weighted average remaining contractual life for the RSUs outstanding as at 31 December 2020 and 2019 was 8.25 years and 9.25 years, respectively.
Others
In 2014, the Partnership granted share options and RSUs to senior executives that contain service vesting conditions. The share options and RSUs generally will become vested either (i) immediately upon grant; or (ii) vest over a one to four-year period. The share options and RSUs were accounted for as equity awards and were fully vested as of 31 December 2017. 5,349 and 132,360 awards were exercised during 2019 Predecessor Period and 2018 Predecessor Period, respectively. All these share options were exercised as of 18 December 2019.
There were no cancellations of any awards during the periods presented. The Group did not have any other share-based award schemes other than those disclosed above.
The share-based compensation expense recognized for all the above-mentioned equity-settled share-based payment transactions amounted to RMB692, RMB10,514, RMB34,403 and RMB18,418, respectively, for the 2020 Successor Period, 2019 Successor Period, 2019 Predecessor Period and 2018 Predecessor Period, respectively.
| F-74 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 23. | Business Combination |
Acquisition of Precision Clinic in 2020
On 30 November 2020, the Group acquired a 100% interest in Precision clinic from Shanghai Niufeng and the former minority shareholder, a third-party individual. Precision clinic is a clinic focusing on providing healthcare services. The acquisition was made as part of the Group’s strategy to expand its market share of healthcare in Shanghai. In accordance with the acquisition agreement entered into between the Group and the former shareholders of Precision clinic, the Group paid RMB10,667 in form of cash. Meanwhile, Shanghai Niufeng and the former minority shareholder or their designated related parties should subscribe 117,828 and 39,275 shares of the Company, respectively, at US$8.91, the closing price on 30 November 2020. Therefore, in substance, the acquisition consideration was RMB9,208 in form of ordinary shares of the Company. After the acquisition, Precision clinic should repay the loan to Shanghai Peiyun of RMB22,651, with which Shanghai Peiyun or its designated related party should subscribe 333,611 shares of the Company. The share subscriptions of Shanghai Niufeng and Shanghai Peiyun were prepaid in full by their designated related party, SHH, before 31 December 2020. The share subscription of the former minority shareholder was paid by its designated related party on 4 January 2021. 451,439 and 39,275 ordinary shares of the Company were issued to SHH and a designated related party of the former minority shareholder, respectively, on 5 January 2021.
The fair values of the identifiable assets and liabilities of Precision clinic as at the closing date were as follows:
| Fair value recognized on acquisition | ||||
| Property and equipment | 5,419 | |||
| Inventories | 118 | |||
| Trade receivables | 613 | |||
| Other current assets | 153 | |||
| Other non-current assets | 860 | |||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 331 | |||
| Trade payables | (144 | ) | ||
| Contract liabilities | (667 | ) | ||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | (637 | ) | ||
| Amount due to related parties | (29,105 | ) | ||
| Deferred tax liabilities | (522 | ) | ||
| Total identifiable net assets at fair value | (23,581 | ) | ||
| Goodwill on acquisition | 32,789 | |||
The fair values of the trade receivables and other receivables as at the date of acquisition amounted to RMB613 and RMB142, respectively, of which nil is expected to be uncollectible.
The Group incurred transaction costs of RMB80 for this acquisition. These transaction costs have been expensed and are included in other operating expenses in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income/(loss).
| F-75 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 23. | Business Combination continued |
Acquisition of Shanghai Precision Clinic Co., Ltd. in 2020 continued
No right-of-use assets or lease liabilities were recognized as the lease of Precision clinic is qualified as short-term lease as of the acquisition date. There were no favourable or unfavourable terms of the leases relative to market terms.
An analysis of the cash flows in respect of the acquisition of a subsidiary is as follows:
| Cash and bank balances acquired | 331 | |||
| Net inflow of cash and cash equivalents included in cash flows from investing activities | (10,336 | ) | ||
| Transaction costs of the acquisition | (30 | ) | ||
| (10,366 | ) |
Since the acquisition, Precision clinic contributed RMB474 to the Group’s revenue and RMB719 to the consolidated loss for the year ended 31 December 2020.
Had the combination taken place at the beginning of 2020, the revenue and the loss of the Group for the year ended 2020 would have been RMB2,263,538 and RMB434,223, respectively.
| F-76 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 23. | Business Combination continued |
Business Combination in 2019
On 18 December 2019, NFH consummated the Business Combination (Note 1) to integrate the Partnership, a private healthcare provider in the PRC with a nationwide footprint. The purchase consideration for the Business Combination consists of cash, issuance of NFH ordinary shares, and issuance of NFH Awards. The fair values of the identifiable assets and liabilities of the Partnership and its subsidiaries as at the Closing Date were as follows:
| Fair value recognized on acquisition | ||||
| Property and equipment | 1,938,737 | |||
| Intangible assets | 2,585,198 | |||
| Right-of-use assets | 1,778,336 | |||
| Deferred tax assets | 59,483 | |||
| Other non-current assets | 96,585 | |||
| Inventories | 57,910 | |||
| Trade receivables | 248,631 | |||
| Amounts due from related parties | 143 | |||
| Prepayments and other current assets | 264,223 | |||
| Restricted cash | 350 | |||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 387,162 | |||
| Trade payables | (124,480 | ) | ||
| Contract liabilities | (353,267 | ) | ||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | (756,814 | ) | ||
| Amounts due to related parties | (2,193 | ) | ||
| Tax payable | (20,584 | ) | ||
| Interest-bearing bank borrowings | (394,333 | ) | ||
| Lease liabilities | (1,778,336 | ) | ||
| Deferred tax liabilities | (682,328 | ) | ||
| Other non-current liabilities | (9,462 | ) | ||
| Total identifiable net assets at fair value | 3,294,961 | |||
| Non-controlling interests | (237,237 | ) | ||
| Goodwill on acquisition | 6,056,253 | |||
The fair values of the trade receivables as at the date of acquisition amounted to RMB248,631. The gross contractual amounts of trade receivables were RMB330,439, RMB81,808 of which are expected to be uncollectible.
The Group measured the acquired lease liabilities using the present value of the remaining lease payments at the date of acquisition. The right-of-use assets were measured at an amount equal to the lease liabilities. There were no favourable or unfavourable terms of the leases relative to market terms.
The following summarizes the total purchase consideration:
| Notes | Value | |||||||
| Cash consideration | 7,941,232 | |||||||
| Issuance of NFH ordinary shares | (i) | 1,036,842 | ||||||
| Issuance of NFH Awards | (ii) | 135,903 | ||||||
| Total consideration | 9,113,977 | |||||||
| F-77 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 23. | Business Combination continued |
Business Combination in 2019 continued
(i) NFH issued 14,657,361 ordinary shares as part of the purchase consideration. The fair value of these NFH ordinary shares was US$10.11 per share, which is the closing price of NFH ordinary shares on the Closing Date.
(ii) 3,998,314 NFH Awards were issued to replace the Partnership Awards (Note 22). The acquisition date fair value of the Partnership Awards attributed to pre-combination service was included in the purchase consideration. The acquisition date fair value of the Partnership Awards attributed to post-combination service, and the Incremental Compensation (Note 2.4) of RMB1,253 is recognized as post-combination remuneration expense in the 2019 Successor Period and thereafter.
An analysis of the cash flows in respect of the acquisition of a subsidiary is as follows:
| Cash consideration | (7,941,232 | ) | ||
| Cash and bank balances acquired | 387,162 | |||
| Net outflow of cash and cash equivalents included in cash flows from investing activities | (7,554,070 | ) | ||
| Transaction costs of the acquisition | (229,057 | ) | ||
| (7,783,127 | ) |
The Group incurred transaction costs of RMB311,337 for this acquisition. Transaction costs of RMB54,470 related to a bank borrowings and issuance of equity instruments were deducted from the proceeds of the corresponding borrowing and equity securities issued. The remaining RMB256,867 is included in operating expenses.
Since the acquisition, the Partnership contributed RMB80,035 to the Group’s revenue and RMB196,987 to the consolidated loss for the 2019 Successor Period.
Had the combination taken place at the beginning of 2019, the revenue and the loss of the Group for the year ended 2019, respectively, would have been RMB2,449,202 and RMB496,318, respectively.
| F-78 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 24. | Notes to the consolidated statement of cash flows |
| (a) | Major non-cash transactions |
The Group had non-cash additions to right-of-use assets and lease liabilities of RMB70,524 (2019 Predecessor Period: RMB23,531) and RMB70,473 (2019 Predecessor Period: RMB23,531), respectively, in respect of lease arrangements for buildings during 2020 Successor Period (2019 Successor Period and 2018 Predecessor Period: nil). RMB29,241 were deducted from the cash consideration paid to the senior executives in lieu of full settlement of the advances due to the Partnership upon the completion of the Business Combination (Note 23).
The Group had non-cash changes in fair value of warrant liabilities of RMB112,729 and RMB7,592 during 2020 Successor Period and 2019 Successor Period, respectively.
(b) Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities:
| Year ended 31 December 2020 | Period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | Period from 1 January to 18 December 2019 | Year ended 31 December 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor (NFH) | Predecessor (HHH) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts due to related parties | Interest-bearing loans and borrowings | Lease liabilities | Interest-bearing loans and borrowings | Lease liabilities | Interest-bearing loans and borrowings | Lease liabilities | Interest-bearing loans and borrowings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At the end of the last period | - | 2,461,258 | 1,751,703 | 2,071,103 | - | 407,592 | - | 279,533 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of adoption of IFRS 16 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1,815,187 | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At the beginning of the period | - | 2,461,258 | 1,751,703 | 2,071,103 | - | 407,592 | 1,815,187 | 279,533 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes from financing cash flows | (28,900 | ) | (414,712 | ) | (217,179 | ) | - | (9,702 | ) | (22,097 | ) | (167,864 | ) | 103,635 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange movement | - | 14,130 | - | (4,178 | ) | - | 8,838 | - | 24,424 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | - | - | 102,382 | - | 3,716 | - | 102,523 | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New leases | - | - | 70,473 | - | - | - | 23,531 | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued but unpaid rent | - | - | 20,818 | - | (20,647 | ) | - | (303 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Business Combination (Note 23) | 29,105 | - | - | 394,333 | 1,778,336 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Covid-19-related rent concessions | - | - | (6,846 | ) | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reassessment and revision of lease terms | - | - | (36,600 | ) | - | - | - | 5,262 | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| At the end of the period | 205 | 2,060,676 | 1,684,751 | 2,461,258 | 1,751,703 | 394,333 | 1,778,336 | 407,592 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| F-79 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 24. | Notes to the consolidated statement of cash flows continued |
(c) Total cash outflow for leases
The total cash outflow for leases included in cash flows is as follows:
| Year ended 31 December 2020 | Period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | Period from 1 January to 18 December 2019 | ||||||||||
| Successor (NFH) | Predecessor (HHH) | |||||||||||
| Within financing activities | 217,179 | 9,702 | 167,864 | |||||||||
| F-80 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 25. | Commitments and contingencies |
| (a) | Capital commitments |
Capital expenditures contracted for by the Group at the balance sheet date but not yet paid were as follows:
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Contracted, but not provided for: Property and equipment | 174,370 | 398,189 | ||||||
| (b) | The Group has one lease contract that has not yet commenced as at 31 December 2020. The future lease payments for the non-cancellable lease contract are RMB2,202 due with one year, RMB7,394 due in the second to fifth years, inclusive and RMB nil due after five years. |
| (c) | Legal proceedings |
From time to time, the Group is subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business. The Group is currently not involved in any legal or administrative proceedings that may have a material adverse impact on the Group’s business, financial position or results of operations.
| F-81 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 26. | Financial instruments by category |
The carrying amounts of each of the categories of financial instruments as at the end of the reporting periods are as follows:
Financial assets
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
Financial assets at amortized cost | Financial assets at amortized cost | |||||||
| Trade receivables | 218,971 | 215,376 | ||||||
| Amounts due from related parties | 10,129 | 66,923 | ||||||
| Financial assets included in prepayments and other current assets | 17,868 | 10,019 | ||||||
| Restricted cash | 350 | 377,065 | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 640,429 | 1,353,300 | ||||||
| 887,747 | 2,022,683 | |||||||
Financial liabilities
As at 31 December 2020
| Financial liabilities at amortized cost | Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | Total | ||||||||||
| Trade payables | 89,056 | - | 89,056 | |||||||||
| Interest-bearing bank borrowings | 2,060,676 | - | 2,060,676 | |||||||||
| Lease liabilities | 1,684,751 | - | 1,684,751 | |||||||||
| Amounts due to related parties | 3,283 | - | 3,283 | |||||||||
| Financial liabilities included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 327,687 | - | 327,687 | |||||||||
| Warrant liabilities | - | 385,486 | 385,486 | |||||||||
| 4,165,453 | 385,486 | 4,550,939 | ||||||||||
As at 31 December 2019 (Restated)
| Financial liabilities at amortized cost | Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | Total | ||||||||||
| Trade payables | 99,082 | - | 99,082 | |||||||||
| Interest-bearing bank borrowings | 2,461,258 | - | 2,461,258 | |||||||||
| Lease liabilities | 1,751,703 | - | 1,751,703 | |||||||||
| Amounts due to related parties | 4,045 | - | 4,045 | |||||||||
| Financial liabilities included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 542,618 | - | 542,618 | |||||||||
| Warrant liabilities | - | 298,192 | 298,192 | |||||||||
| 4,858,706 | 298,192 | 5,156,898 | ||||||||||
| F-82 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 27. | Fair value and fair value hierarchy of financial instruments |
The carrying amounts and fair values of the Group’s financial instruments, other than those with carrying amounts that reasonably approximate to fair values, are as follows:
| Carrying amounts | Fair values | |||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||
| (Restated) | (Restated) | |||||||||||||||
| Financial liabilities | ||||||||||||||||
| Warrant liabilities | 385,486 | 298,192 | 385,486 | 298,192 | ||||||||||||
The carrying amount of the interest-bearing borrowings approximate its fair value due to the fact that the related interest rate approximates the interest rates currently offered by financial institutions for similar debt instruments of comparable maturities. The carrying amounts of the Group’s remaining financial instruments, except for the warrant liabilities which are measured at fair value, approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.
The Group’s finance department headed by the chief financial officer who is responsible for determining the policies and procedures for the fair value measurement of financial instruments. The chief financial officer reports directly to the audit committee. At each reporting date, the finance department analyses the movements in the values of financial instruments and determines the major inputs applied in the valuation. The valuation is reviewed and approved by the chief financial officer. The valuation process and results are discussed with the audit committee once a year for annual financial reporting.
The fair values of the financial assets and liabilities are included at the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale.
The Company issued 14,375,000 public warrants and 7,750,000 private placement warrants during its IPO (Note 1). On 3 July 2018, the Company has entered into certain forward purchase agreements with certain accredited investors, pursuant to which 4,750,000 forward purchase warrants were issued to such anchor investors in a private placement transaction prior to the Closing Date. The public warrants, private placement warrants and the forward purchase warrants are all subject to the same warrant agreement, and are collectively, hereinafter referred to as “Warrant” or “Warrants”.
Each warrant entitles the holder thereof to subscribe for one ordinary share at a subscription price of US$11.50 per share, subject to adjustment, from the date that is 30 days after the first date on which the Company completed the Business Combination to the date that is 5 years after the date on which the Company completes the Business Combination.
Management assessed the accounting treatment under IFRS 9, Financial Instruments and IAS 32, Financial Instruments: Presentation and concluded the Warrants did not meet the fixed-to-fixed rule under IAS 32.16 (b) (ii). Thus, in the opinion of management, the Warrants are classified as financial liabilities. The warrant liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Changes in fair value are subsequently recognized in profit or loss.
| F-83 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 27. | Fair value and fair value hierarchy of financial instruments continued |
The public warrants and the forward purchase warrants are valued using quoted market prices on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker NFH WS.
Management determines the fair value of the private placement warrants using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model (“Valuation Model”). The private warrants are classified as Level 3 as of both 31 December 2020 and 31 December 2019 because of the use of significant unobservable inputs in the Valuation Model. The significant unobservable inputs into the Valuation Model for the private placement warrants are as follows:
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Expected volatility | 36.6 | % | 34.4 | % | ||||
| Risk–free interest rate | 0.26 | % | 1.69 | % | ||||
| Expected term (years) | 3.97 | 4.97 | ||||||
The Company’s use of the Valuation Model required the use of the following assumptions:
| (1) | The risk-free interest rate assumption was based on the term-matched U.S. Treasury rate, which was commensurate with the contractual term of the private placement warrants, which expire on the earlier of five years after the completion of the Business Combination or liquidation of the Company. An increase in the risk-free interest rate, in isolation, would result in an increase in the fair value measurement of the warrant liabilities and vice versa. |
| (2) | The expected term at 31 December 2020 and 31 December 2019 was determined to be approximately 3.97 and 4.97 years, respectively, which is commensurate with the contractual maximum term of the private placement warrants, which expire on the earlier of five years after the completion of the Business Combination or liquidation of the Company. An increase in the expected term, in isolation, would result in an increase in the fair value measurement of the warrant liabilities. |
| (3) | The expected volatility assumption was based on consideration of the implied volatility from the historical and implied volatility of the Company’s publicly-traded industry peers. An increase in the expected volatility, in isolation, would result in an increase in the fair value measurement of the warrant liabilities. |
During the periods presented, no Warrants were exercised. At the end of each Successor periods, the Company had 26,875,000 Warrants outstanding, respectively. The exercise in full of such Warrants would, under the present capital structure of the Company, result in the issue of 26,875,000 additional shares.
Fair value hierarchy
The following table illustrate the fair value measurement hierarchy of the Group’s financial instruments:
Liabilities measured at fair value
As at 31 December 2020
| Fair value measurement using | ||||||||||||||||
| Quoted prices in active markets (level 1) | Significant Observable inputs (level 2) | Significant unobservable inputs (level 3) | Total | |||||||||||||
| Public warrants and forward purchase warrants | 272,039 | - | - | 272,039 | ||||||||||||
| Private placement warrants | - | - | 113,447 | 113,447 | ||||||||||||
| Total warrant liabilities | 272,039 | - | 113,447 | 385,486 | ||||||||||||
| F-84 |
| 27. | Fair value and fair value hierarchy of financial instruments continued |
As at 31 December 2019 (Restated)
| Fair value measurement using | ||||||||||||||||
| Quoted prices in active markets (level 1) | Significant Observable inputs (level 2) | Significant unobservable inputs (level 3) | Total | |||||||||||||
| Public warrants and forward purchase warrants | 204,133 | - | - | 204,133 | ||||||||||||
| Private warrants | - | - | 94,059 | 94,059 | ||||||||||||
| 204,133 | - | 94,059 | 298,192 | |||||||||||||
The Group did not have any financial assets measured at fair value as at 31 December 2020 or 2019.
There were no transfers of fair value measurements between Level 1 and Level 2 and no transfers into or out of Level 3 for financial liabilities during the periods presented.
Reconciliation of fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:
Private placement warrants | ||||
| Carrying amount at 1 January 2019 (Predecessor) (Restated) | - | |||
| Addition arising from the Business Combination | 92,116 | |||
| Net loss from the change in fair value of warrant liabilities recognized in profit or loss | 2,227 | |||
| Net gain from the exchange differences on translation of foreign operations recognized in other comprehensive income | (284 | ) | ||
| Carrying amount at 31 December 2019 and 1 January 2020 (Successor) (Restated) | 94,059 | |||
| Net loss from the change in fair value of warrant liabilities recognized in profit or loss | 26,941 | |||
| Net gain from the exchange differences on translation of foreign operations recognized in other comprehensive income | (7,553 | ) | ||
| Carrying amount at 31 December 2020 (Successor) | 113,447 | |||
| F-85 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 28. | Financial risk management objectives and policies |
The Group’s principal financial instruments comprise interest-bearing bank borrowings, restricted cash and cash and cash equivalents. The Group has various other financial assets and liabilities such as trade receivables and trade payables, which arise directly from its operations.
The main risks arising from the Group’s financial instruments and the Group’s policies for managing each of these risks and they are summarized below.
Interest rate risk
During the periods presented, as the Group had no significant interest-bearing assets except for restricted cash, and cash and cash equivalents, the Group’s income and operating cash flows are substantially independent of changes in market interest rates. The bank balances and restricted cash are deposited with creditworthy banks with no recent history of default.
The interest rates are regulated by the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”) and management closely monitors the fluctuation of such rates periodically. The interest rate risk for the Group’s financial liabilities relate primarily to the Group’s bank borrowings with a floating interest rate.
If interest rates had been 50 basis points higher/lower with all other variables held constant, pre-tax profit/loss for the 2020 Successor Period, 2019 Successor Period, 2019 Predecessor Period and 2018 Predecessor Period would have been RMB16,242, RMB509, RMB1,972 and RMB2,045 lower/higher, respectively, arising mainly as a result of higher/lower interest expense on floating rate borrowings.
Foreign currency risk
The Group has currency exposures primarily from its receivables, payables and cash and cash equivalents denominated in US$ and interest-bearing bank borrowings denominated in RMB from its offshore debt financing. The Group currently does not use any derivative contracts to hedge its exposure to foreign currency risk but management closely monitors the impact of the international foreign currency market on the change of exchange rates. At 31 December 2020 and 2019, if the RMB had strengthened/weakened 1% against the US$ with all other variables held constant, pre-tax loss would have been RMB10,620 and RMB13,748 lower/ higher, respectively.
Currency convertibility risk
The Group transacts a majority of its business in RMB, which is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. On 1 January 1994, the PRC government abolished the dual rate system and introduced a single rate of exchange as quoted daily by the PBOC. However, the unification of the exchange rates does not imply that the RMB may be readily convertible into United States dollars or other foreign currencies. All foreign exchange transactions continue to take place either through the PBOC or other banks authorized to buy and sell foreign currencies at the exchange rates quoted by the PBOC. Approval of foreign currency payments by the PBOC or other institutions requires submitting a payment application form together with suppliers’ invoices, shipping documents and signed contracts. Additionally, the value of the RMB is subject to changes in central government policies and international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the PRC foreign exchange trading system market.
| F-86 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 28. | Financial risk management objectives and policies continued |
Credit risk
Credit risk mainly arises from cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and trade receivables. The Group maintains all its cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash in banks and financial institutions with good credit rating and no recent history of default. Therefore, there is no significant credit risk on such assets being exposed to losses.
The Group assesses a patient’s ability to pay based on the patient’s financial capacity and intention to pay considering all relevant facts and circumstances, including pre-clearance with the patient’s respective insurance company, and past experiences with that patient or patient class. For certain patient classes, the Group requires substantial deposits or full payment before the patient is discharged. Based on the above, the Group concludes that collectability is probable for each patient based on its procedures performed prior to accepting each patient and on its historical experience with each patient class while also accepting that there is some credit risk inherent with some patient classes. The Group applies the simplified approach to its trade receivables to provide for expected credit losses prescribed by IFRS 9, which permits the use of the lifetime expected credit loss provision for trade receivables. The Group’s historical experience in collection of trade receivables falls within the recorded allowance and the management is of the opinion that adequate provision for uncollectible receivables has been made in the consolidated financial statements.
To measure the expected credit losses of trade receivables excluding impaired receivables, trade receivables have been grouped mainly based on shared credit risk characteristics and the days past due. The expected credit loss model also incorporates forward-looking information. The Group has performed historical analysis and identified the key economic variables impacting credit risk and expected credit losses. It considers available reasonable and supportive forwarding-looking information. Specifically, the following indicators are incorporated:
| • | internal credit rating |
| • | actual or expected significant adverse changes in business, financial or economic conditions that are expected to cause a significant change to the borrower’s ability to meet its obligations |
| • | actual or expected significant changes in the operating results of individual debtors |
| • | significant changes in the expected performance and behaviour of the debtors |
| F-87 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 28. | Financial risk management objectives and policies continued |
Credit risk continued
Maximum exposure and year-end staging
The carrying amounts of the Group’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and trade receivables represent the Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk in relation to its financial assets.
The tables below show the credit quality and the maximum exposure to credit risk based on the Group’s credit policy, which is mainly based on past due information unless other information is available without undue cost or effort, and year-end staging classification as at 31 December.
As at 31 December 2020 | 12-month ECLs | Life-time ECLs | Total | |||||||||
| Stage 1 | Simplified approach | |||||||||||
| Trade receivables* | - | 278,547 | 278,547 | |||||||||
| Amounts due from related parties | ||||||||||||
| -Normal** | 10,129 | - | 10,129 | |||||||||
| Financial assets included in prepayments and other current assets | ||||||||||||
| -Normal** | 17,868 | - | 17,868 | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | ||||||||||||
| -Not yet past due | 350 | - | 350 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||||||
| -Not yet past due | 640,429 | - | 640,429 | |||||||||
| 668,776 | 278,547 | 947,323 | ||||||||||
| As at 31 December 2019 | 12-month ECLs | Life-time ECLs | Total | |||||||||
| Stage 1 | Simplified approach | |||||||||||
| Trade receivables* | - | 280,250 | 280,250 | |||||||||
| Amounts due from related parties | ||||||||||||
| -Normal** | 66,923 | - | 66,923 | |||||||||
| Financial assets included in prepayments and other current assets | ||||||||||||
| -Normal** | 10,019 | - | 10,019 | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | ||||||||||||
| -Not yet past due | 377,065 | - | 377,065 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||||||
| -Not yet past due | 1,353,300 | - | 1,353,300 | |||||||||
| 1,807,307 | 280,250 | 2,087,557 | ||||||||||
* For trade receivables to which the Group applies the simplified approach for impairment, information based on the provision matrix is disclosed in Note 15 to the financial statements, respectively.
**The credit quality of amounts due from related parties and the financial assets included in prepayments and other assets is considered to be “normal” when they are not past due and there is no information indicating that the financial assets had a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition. Otherwise, the credit quality of the financial assets is considered to be “doubtful”.
| F-88 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 28. | Financial risk management objectives and policies continued |
Credit risk continued
Maximum exposure and year-end staging continued
Trade receivables do not require collateral as they are mainly due from reputable insurance companies. There is no concentration of credit risk with respect to trade receivables because no individual debtor contributed more than 10% of the Group’s trade receivables.
Business, customer, political, social and economic risks
The Group participates in a dynamic and competitive industry and believes that changes in any of the following areas could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s future financial position, results of operations or cash flows; changes in the overall demand for services; competitive pressures due to existing competitors; new trends in new technologies and industry standards; changes in certain strategic relationships or supplier relationships; regulatory considerations; and risks associated with the Group’s ability to attract and retain employees necessary to support its growth. The Group’s operations could be adversely affected by significant political, economic and social uncertainties in the PRC.
There was no individual customer that contributed more than 10% of the Group’s revenue during the periods presented. There was no individual supplier that contributed more than 10% of the Group’s operating expenses during the periods presented.
Liquidity risk
Cash flow forecasting is performed in the operating entities of the Group in and aggregated by group finance. Group finance monitors rolling forecasts of the Group’s liquidity requirements to ensure it has sufficient cash to meet operational needs while maintaining sufficient headroom at all times so that the Group does not breach borrowing limits or covenants (where applicable) on any of its borrowing facilities. Such forecasting takes into consideration the Group’s debt financing plans, and covenant compliance.
| F-89 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 28. | Financial risk management objectives and policies continued |
Liquidity risk continued
The maturity profile of the Group’s financial liabilities as at 31 December 2020 and 2019, based on the contractual undiscounted payments, is as follows:
| 2020 | On demand | Within one year | In the second year | In the third to fifth year | Over five years | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing loans and borrowings | - | 144,864 | 236,753 | 1,250,110 | 1,097,904 | 2,729,631 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | - | 186,764 | 185,729 | 508,260 | 1,708,341 | 2,589,094 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Trade payables | 89,056 | 89,056 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial liabilities included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities liabilities | 327,687 | 327,687 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts due to related parties | 3,283 | 3,283 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2019 | On demand | Within one year | In the second year | In the third to fifth year | Over five years | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing loans and borrowings | - | 550,056 | 143,023 | 865,053 | 1,712,493 | 3,270,625 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | - | 190,041 | 177,846 | 516,066 | 1,868,076 | 2,752,029 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Trade payables | 99,082 | - | - | - | - | 99,082 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Financial liabilities included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities liabilities | 542,618 | - | - | - | - | 542,618 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts due to related parties | 4,045 | - | - | - | - | 4,045 | ||||||||||||||||||
| F-90 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 28. | Financial risk management objectives and policies continued |
Liquidity risk continued
Capital management
The primary objectives of the Group’s capital management are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern and to maintain healthy capital ratios in order to support its business and maximize equity interests holders’ value.
The Group manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it in light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the dividend payment to equity interests holders or issue new shares. The Group’s capital management, amongst other things, aims to ensure that it meets financial covenants attached to the interest-bearing bank borrowings that define capital structure requirements. Breaches in meeting the financial covenants would permit the bank to immediately call the borrowings. There have been no breaches of the financial covenants of any interest-bearing borrowings during the periods presented. No changes were made in the objectives, policies or processes for managing capital during the periods presented.
The Group monitors capital on the basis of the gearing ratio. This ratio is calculated as total debt divided by total capital. Total debt represented total borrowings (including “long-term interest-bearing bank borrowings and current interest-bearing bank borrowings” as shown in the consolidated balance sheet). Total capital is calculated as “equity” as shown in the consolidated balance sheet plus total debt.
The gearing ratios at 31 December were as follows:
2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| (Restated) | ||||||||
| Total debt (Note 18) | 2,060,676 | 2,461,258 | ||||||
| Equity | 7,461,883 | 7,872,988 | ||||||
| Total capital | 9,522,559 | 10,334,246 | ||||||
| Gearing ratio | 21.6 | % | 23.8 | % | ||||
| F-91 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 29. | Events after the reporting period |
On 10 February 2021, the Company announced that its board of directors (the “Board”) has received a preliminary non-binding proposal letter, dated 9 February 2021, from a buyer group consisting of the Sponsor, Carnival Investments Limited, a company affiliated with Leung Kam Chung (the “Chairman”), Roberta Lipson and her affiliates (collectively, the “CEO”), Max Rising International Limited, a company affiliated with Carl Wu (the “President”), Ying Zeng (the “COO”), Vivo Capital Fund IX (Cayman), L.P.(“Vivo”), NF SPAC Holding Limited and Sun Hing Associates Limited (together with NF SPAC Holding Limited, “Nan Fung”), Brave Peak Limited (“Shimao”), Aspex Master Fund (“Aspex”), Smart Scene Investment Limited (“Hysan”), and LY Holding Co., Limited (“LY” and, together with the Sponsor, the Chairman, the CEO, the President, the COO, Vivo, Nan Fung, Shimao, Aspex and Hysan, the “Buyer Group”) to acquire all outstanding ordinary shares of the Company not already beneficially owned by members of the Buyer Group or their affiliates in a going-private transaction for US$12.00 per share in cash (the “Proposed Transaction”). The Board subsequently received a clarification from representatives of the Buyer Group indicating that, the Buyer Group intends to also propose to acquire all of the outstanding warrants not already beneficially owned by members of the Buyer Group or their affiliates. The Proposed Transaction, if completed, would result in the Company becoming a privately held company and its ordinary shares would be delisted from the New York Stock Exchange. As at 4 June 2021, the Board has not received from the Buyer Group a proposal to acquire the warrants, nor any indication of the terms and conditions of any such proposal.
On 18 March 2021, the Company announced that the Board has formed a special committee consisting of three independent directors, Dr. Edward Leong Che-hung, Professor Frederick Ma Si-hang and Mr. Lawrence Chia, to consider the Proposed Transaction. Mr. Lawrence Chia serves as the chairman of the Special Committee. As at 4 June 2021, the special committee is still in the process of evaluating the proposal.
| F-92 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 30. | Statement of Financial Position of the Company |
Information about financial position of the Company at the end of the reporting period is as follows:
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| (Restated) | ||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Non-current assets | ||||||||
| Investments in subsidiaries | 8,349,716 | 9,304,277 | ||||||
| Total non-current assets | 8,349,716 | 9,304,277 | ||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Amounts due from related parties | 105,077 | 7,381,011 | ||||||
| Prepayments and other current assets | 2,564 | 280 | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 34,120 | 6,794 | ||||||
| Total current assets | 141,761 | 7,388,085 | ||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | 8,491,477 | 16,692,362 | ||||||
| LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 4,738 | 4,949 | ||||||
| Amounts due to related parties | 5,032 | 8,219,821 | ||||||
| Total current liabilities | 9,770 | 8,224,770 | ||||||
| Net current assets/(liabilities) | 131,991 | (836,685 | ) | |||||
| Total assets less current liabilities | 8,481,707 | 8,467,592 | ||||||
| Non-current liabilities | ||||||||
| Warrant liabilities | 385,486 | 298,192 | ||||||
| Total non-current liabilities | 385,486 | 298,192 | ||||||
| Net assets | 8,096,221 | 8,169,400 | ||||||
| EQUITY | ||||||||
| Share capital | 91 | 91 | ||||||
| Capital surplus | 8,284,694 | 8,252,143 | ||||||
| Reserves | 10,494 | (3,748 | ) | |||||
| Accumulated deficit | (199,058 | ) | (79,086 | ) | ||||
| Total equity | 8,096,221 | 8,169,400 | ||||||
| F-93 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 30. | Statement of Financial Position of the Company continued |
A summary of the Company’s reserves is as follows:
Capital surplus | Foreign currency translation reserves | Accumulated deficit | Total | |||||||||||||
| Balance at 19 December 2019 (Restated) | 8,241,629 | (7,205 | ) | (56,692 | ) | 8,177,732 | ||||||||||
| Loss for the period | - | - | (22,394 | ) | (22,394 | ) | ||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income for the period: | ||||||||||||||||
| Exchange differences related to foreign operations | - | 3,457 | - | 3,457 | ||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the period | - | 3,457 | (22,394 | ) | (18,937 | ) | ||||||||||
| Recognition of share- based compensation expenses | 10,514 | - | - | 10,514 | ||||||||||||
| Balance at 31 December 2019 (Restated) | 8,252,143 | (3,748 | ) | (79,086 | ) | 8,169,309 | ||||||||||
| Loss for the period | - | - | (119,972 | ) | (119,972 | ) | ||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income for the period: | ||||||||||||||||
| Exchange differences related to foreign operations | - | 14,242 | - | 14,242 | ||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the period | - | 14,242 | (119,972 | ) | (105,730 | ) | ||||||||||
| Recognition of share- based compensation expenses | 692 | - | - | 692 | ||||||||||||
| Subscription of shares in connection with acquisition of a subsidiary | 31,859 | - | - | 31,859 | ||||||||||||
| Balance at 31 December 2020 | 8,284,694 | 10,494 | (199,058 | ) | 8,096,130 | |||||||||||
The Company’s financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Group’s consolidated financial statements.
| F-94 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 31. | Restatement of previously issued consolidated financial statements |
As discussed in Note 2, the Company has restated previously issued consolidated financial statements.
The error that caused the Company to conclude that its consolidated financial statements should be restated is the result of a misapplication of the guidance on accounting for warrant instruments, which came to light when the SEC issued a Staff Statement on Accounting and Reporting Considerations for Warrants Issued by Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (“SPACs”) dated April 12, 2021 (the “Statement”). The Statement addresses certain accounting and reporting considerations related to warrants similar to those issued by the Company at the consummation of its initial public offering on 3 July 2018 (“Issuance Date”). Management reassessed the accounting treatment under IFRS 9, Financial Instruments and IAS 32, Financial Instruments: Presentation and concluded that the Warrants did not meet the fixed-to-fixed rule under IAS 32.16 (b) (ii). Hence, the Company determined that the 2019 Successor Period consolidated financial statements should be restated to reflect these Warrants as financial liabilities. The Warrants, therefore, should be initially measured at fair value; and changes in fair value are subsequently recognized in profit or loss. See Note 27 for additional information regarding the Warrants.
The restatement adjustments reflect the entries to record the Warrants at fair value as at 19 December 2019, with changes in fair value of the Warrants for the period from the Issuance Date through 18 December 2019 cumulatively recorded in the opening balance of accumulated deficit; and to record the Warrants at fair value as at 31 December 2019, with changes in fair value of the Warrants for the period from 19 December 2019 through 31 December 2019 recorded in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income/(loss).
The following presents a reconciliation of the consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2019, consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income/(loss), consolidated statement of changes in equity, and the consolidated statement of cash flows for the 2019 Successor Period as previously reported to the restated amounts as at 31 December 2019, and for the period from 19 December through 31 December 2019.
| F-95 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 31. | Restatement of previously issued consolidated financial statements continued |
| Consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2019 | ||||||||||||
| As previously reported | Adjustments | Restated | ||||||||||
| NON-CURRENT ASSETS | ||||||||||||
| Property and equipment | 1,962,781 | - | 1,962,781 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 6,056,253 | - | 6,056,253 | |||||||||
| Intangible assets | 2,584,893 | - | 2,584,893 | |||||||||
| Investment in an associate | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Right-of-use assets | 1,773,007 | - | 1,773,007 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | 59,001 | - | 59,001 | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | 350 | - | 350 | |||||||||
| Other non-current assets | 106,121 | - | 106,121 | |||||||||
| Total non-current assets | 12,542,406 | - | 12,542,406 | |||||||||
| CURRENT ASSETS | ||||||||||||
| Inventories | 56,592 | - | 56,592 | |||||||||
| Trade receivables | 215,376 | - | 215,376 | |||||||||
| Amounts due from related parties | 66,923 | - | 66,923 | |||||||||
| Prepayments and other current assets | 38,323 | - | 38,323 | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | 376,715 | - | 376,715 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 1,353,300 | - | 1,353,300 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | 2,107,229 | - | 2,107,229 | |||||||||
| Total assets | 14,649,635 | - | 14,649,635 | |||||||||
| CURRENT LIABILITIES | ||||||||||||
| Trade payables | 99,082 | - | 99,082 | |||||||||
| Contract liabilities | 270,196 | - | 270,196 | |||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 882,158 | - | 882,158 | |||||||||
| Amounts due to related parties | 4,045 | - | 4,045 | |||||||||
| Tax payable | 15,278 | - | 15,278 | |||||||||
| Lease liabilities | 90,521 | - | 90,521 | |||||||||
| Interest-bearing bank borrowings | 400,325 | - | 400,325 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 1,761,605 | - | 1,761,605 | |||||||||
| F-96 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 31. | Restatement of previously issued consolidated financial statements continued |
| Consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2019 | ||||||||||||
| As previously reported | Adjustments | Restated | ||||||||||
| NET CURRENT ASSETS | 345,624 | - | 345,624 | |||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES | 12,888,030 | - | 12,888,030 | |||||||||
| NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES | ||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing bank borrowings | 2,060,933 | - | 2,060,933 | |||||||||
| Contract liabilities | 67,873 | - | 67,873 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | 681,715 | - | 681,715 | |||||||||
| Lease liabilities | 1,661,182 | - | 1,661,182 | |||||||||
| Warrant liabilities | - | 298,192 | 298,192 | |||||||||
| Other non-current liabilities | 9,358 | - | 9,358 | |||||||||
| Total non-current liabilities | 4,481,061 | 298,192 | 4,779,253 | |||||||||
| Net assets | 8,406,969 | (298,192 | ) | 8,108,777 | ||||||||
| EQUITY | ||||||||||||
| Equity attributable to owners of the parent | ||||||||||||
| Ordinary shares (US$0.0001 par value; 490,000,000 shares authorized; 131,356,980 shares issued, fully paid and outstanding at 31 December 2019) | 91 | - | 91 | |||||||||
| Capital surplus | 8,430,405 | (178,262 | ) | 8,252,143 | ||||||||
| Foreign currency translation reserves | 6,302 | (9,922 | ) | (3,620 | ) | |||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (265,618 | ) | (110,008 | ) | (375,626 | ) | ||||||
| 8,171,180 | (298,192 | ) | 7,872,988 | |||||||||
| Non-controlling interests | 235,789 | - | 235,789 | |||||||||
| Total equity | 8,406,969 | (298,192 | ) | 8,108,777 | ||||||||
| F-97 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 31. | Restatement of previously issued consolidated financial statements continued |
| Consolidated profit or loss and comprehensive income/(loss) for the period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | ||||||||||||
| As previously reported | Adjustments | Restated | ||||||||||
| Revenue | 80,035 | - | 80,035 | |||||||||
| Operating expenses | ||||||||||||
| Salaries, wages and benefits | (79,215 | ) | - | (79,215 | ) | |||||||
| Supplies and purchased medical services | (18,241 | ) | - | (18,241 | ) | |||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | (14,931 | ) | - | (14,931 | ) | |||||||
| Lease and rental expenses | (739 | ) | - | (739 | ) | |||||||
| Impairment of trade receivables | (528 | ) | - | (528 | ) | |||||||
| Other operating expenses | (165,776 | ) | - | (165,776 | ) | |||||||
| Loss from operations | (199,395 | ) | - | (199,395 | ) | |||||||
| Other income and expenses | ||||||||||||
| Finance income | 779 | - | 779 | |||||||||
| Finance costs | (29,503 | ) | - | (29,503 | ) | |||||||
| Foreign exchange losses | (2,641 | ) | - | (2,641 | ) | |||||||
| Gain on disposal of subsidiaries | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Liquidation of a foreign operation | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | - | (7,592 | ) | (7,592 | ) | |||||||
| Other (loss)/income, net | (5,798 | ) | - | (5,798 | ) | |||||||
| Loss before income tax | (236,558 | ) | (7,592 | ) | (244,150 | ) | ||||||
| Income tax (expense)/benefit | 6,261 | - | 6,261 | |||||||||
| Loss for the period | (230,297 | ) | (7,592 | ) | (237,889 | ) | ||||||
| Attributable to: | ||||||||||||
| Owners of the parent | (228,905 | ) | (7,592 | ) | (236,497 | ) | ||||||
| Non-controlling interests | (1,392 | ) | - | (1,392 | ) | |||||||
| (230,297 | ) | (7,592 | ) | (237,889 | ) | |||||||
| Loss per share attributed to ordinary equity holders of the parent | ||||||||||||
| Basic | (1.74 | ) | (0.06 | ) | (1.80 | ) | ||||||
| Diluted | (1.74 | ) | (0.06 | ) | (1.80 | ) | ||||||
| F-98 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 31. | Restatement of previously issued consolidated financial statements continued |
| Consolidated profit or loss and comprehensive income/(loss) for the period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | ||||||||||||
| As previously reported | Adjustments | Restated | ||||||||||
| Loss for the period | (230,297 | ) | (7,592 | ) | (237,889 | ) | ||||||
Other comprehensive income/(loss) | ||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income/ (loss) that may be reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods, net of tax: | ||||||||||||
| Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations | 1,909 | 902 | 2,811 | |||||||||
| Liquidation of a foreign operation | - | - | - | |||||||||
Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the period, net of tax | 1,909 | 902 | 2,811 | |||||||||
Total comprehensive loss for the period | (228,388 | ) | (6,690 | ) | (235,078 | ) | ||||||
| Attributable to: | ||||||||||||
| Owners of the parent | (226,996 | ) | (6,690 | ) | (233,686 | ) | ||||||
| Non-controlling interests | (1,392 | ) | - | (1,392 | ) | |||||||
| (228,388 | ) | (6,690 | ) | (235,078 | ) | |||||||
| F-99 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 31. | Restatement of previously issued consolidated financial statements continued |
| Consolidated statements of changes in equity for the period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | ||||||||||||
As previously reported | Adjustments | Restated | ||||||||||
| As at 19 December 2019 | ||||||||||||
| Ordinary shares | 91 | - | 91 | |||||||||
| Capital surplus | 8,419,891 | (178,262 | ) | 8,241,629 | ||||||||
| Foreign currency translation reserves | 4,393 | (10,824 | ) | (6,431 | ) | |||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (36,713 | ) | (102,416 | ) | (139,129 | ) | ||||||
| Total equity attributable to owners of the parent | 8,387,662 | (291,502 | ) | 8,096,160 | ||||||||
| Non-controlling interests | 237,181 | - | 237,181 | |||||||||
| Total equity | 8,624,843 | (291,502 | ) | 8,333,341 | ||||||||
| As at 31 December 2019 | ||||||||||||
| Ordinary shares | 91 | - | 91 | |||||||||
| Capital surplus | 8,430,405 | (178,262 | ) | 8,252,143 | ||||||||
| Foreign currency translation reserves | 6,302 | (9,922 | ) | (3,620 | ) | |||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (265,618 | ) | (110,008 | ) | (375,626 | ) | ||||||
| Total equity attributable to owners of the parent | 8,171,180 | (298,192 | ) | 7,872,988 | ||||||||
| Non-controlling interests | 235,789 | - | 235,789 | |||||||||
| Total equity | 8,406,969 | (298,192 | ) | 8,108,777 | ||||||||
| F-100 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 31. | Restatement of previously issued consolidated financial statements continued |
| Consolidated statement of cash flows for the period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | ||||||||||||
| As previously reported | Adjustments | Restated | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||||||||
| Loss before tax | (236,558 | ) | (7,592 | ) | (244,150 | ) | ||||||
| Adjustments for: | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 14,931 | - | 14,931 | |||||||||
| Loss on disposal of property and equipment and intangible assets | 1,675 | - | 1,675 | |||||||||
| Covid-19 related rent concessions from lessors | - | - | ||||||||||
| Gain on modification of leases | - | - | ||||||||||
| Impairment of trade receivables | 528 | - | 528 | |||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 10,514 | - | 10,514 | |||||||||
| Foreign exchange losses | 2,641 | - | 2,641 | |||||||||
| Liquidation of a foreign operation | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Gain on disposal of subsidiaries | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Finance income | (779 | ) | - | (779 | ) | |||||||
| Finance costs | 29,503 | - | 29,503 | |||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | - | 7,592 | 7,592 | |||||||||
| Changes in working capital: | ||||||||||||
| (Increase)/decrease in inventories | 1,318 | - | 1,318 | |||||||||
| (Increase)/decrease in trade receivables, prepayments and other current assets | 190,197 | - | 190,197 | |||||||||
| Decrease in restricted cash | - | - | ||||||||||
| Decrease/(increase) in amounts due from related parties | (66,780 | ) | - | (66,780 | ) | |||||||
| (Decrease)/increase in trade payables, contract liabilities, accrued expenses and other current liabilities | (30,357 | ) | - | (30,357 | ) | |||||||
| (Decrease)/ increase in amounts due to related parties | 1,852 | - | 1,852 | |||||||||
| Changes in other non-current assets and liabilities | (128 | ) | - | (128 | ) | |||||||
| Interest received | 1,011 | - | 1,011 | |||||||||
| Interest paid | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Income tax paid | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Net cash flows from/(used in) operating activities | (80,432 | ) | - | (80,432 | ) | |||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | ||||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | (43,188 | ) | - | (43,188 | ) | |||||||
| Purchases of intangible assets | (2,483 | ) | - | (2,483 | ) | |||||||
| Proceeds from disposal of subsidiaries, net of transaction costs | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Acquisition of a subsidiary, net of cash received | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Net cash flows used in investing activities | (45,671 | ) | - | (45,671 | ) | |||||||
| F-101 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 31. | Restatement of previously issued consolidated financial statements continued |
| Consolidated statement of cash flows for the period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | ||||||||||||
As previously reported | Adjustments | Restated | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from interest-bearing bank borrowings | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Repayments of interest-bearing bank borrowings | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Repayments of loans provided by a related party | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Proceeds from subscription of shares | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Lease payments | (9,702 | ) | - | (9,702 | ) | |||||||
Net cash flows (used in)/from financing activities | (9,702 | ) | - | (9,702 | ) | |||||||
| Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (135,805 | ) | - | (135,805 | ) | |||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange rate changes, net | (4,895 | ) | - | (4,895 | ) | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 1,494,000 | - | 1,494,000 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | 1,353,300 | - | 1,353,300 | |||||||||
| F-102 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 31. | Restatement of previously issued consolidated financial statements continued |
Statement of financial position of the Company
| Consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2019 | ||||||||||||
| As previously reported | Adjustments | Restated | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||||||
| Non-current assets | ||||||||||||
| Investments in subsidiaries | 9,304,277 | - | 9,304,277 | |||||||||
| Total non-current assets | 9,304,277 | - | 9,304,277 | |||||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||||||
| Amounts due from related parties | 7,381,011 | - | 7,381,011 | |||||||||
| Prepayments and other current assets | 280 | - | 280 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 6,794 | - | 6,794 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | 7,388,085 | - | 7,388,085 | |||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | 16,692,362 | - | 16,692,362 | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES | ||||||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 4,949 | - | 4,949 | |||||||||
| Amounts due to related parties | 8,219,821 | - | 8,219,821 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 8,224,770 | - | 8,224,770 | |||||||||
| - | ||||||||||||
| Net current assets/(liabilities) | (836,685 | ) | - | (836,685 | ) | |||||||
| Total assets less current liabilities | 8,467,592 | - | 8,467,592 | |||||||||
| Non-current liabilities | ||||||||||||
| Warrant liabilities | - | 298,192 | 298,192 | |||||||||
| Total non-current liabilities | - | 298,192 | 298,192 | |||||||||
| Net assets | 8,467,592 | (298,192 | ) | 8,169,400 | ||||||||
| EQUITY | ||||||||||||
| Share capital | 91 | - | 91 | |||||||||
| Capital surplus | 8,430,405 | (178,262 | ) | 8,252,143 | ||||||||
| Reserves | 6,174 | (9,922 | ) | (3,748 | ) | |||||||
| Accumulated deficit | 30,922 | (110,008 | ) | (79,086 | ) | |||||||
| Total equity | 8,467,592 | (298,192 | ) | 8,169,400 | ||||||||
| F-103 |
NEW FRONTIER HEALTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares or limited partnership interest units, and per share or unit data)
| 31. | Restatement of previously issued consolidated financial statements continued |
| The Company’s reserves for the period from 19 December to 31 December 2019 | ||||||||||||
As previously reported | Adjustments | Restated | ||||||||||
| As at 19 December 2019 | ||||||||||||
| Capital surplus | 8,419,891 | (178,262 | ) | 8,241,629 | ||||||||
| Foreign currency translation reserves | 3,619 | (10,824 | ) | (7,205 | ) | |||||||
| Accumulated deficit | 45,724 | (102,316 | ) | (56,592 | ) | |||||||
| Total | 8,469,234 | (291,402 | ) | 8,177,732 | ||||||||
| As at 31 December 2019 | ||||||||||||
| Capital surplus | 8,430,405 | (178,262 | ) | 8,252,143 | ||||||||
| Foreign currency translation reserves | 6,174 | (9,922 | ) | (3,748 | ) | |||||||
| Accumulated deficit | 30,922 | (110,008 | ) | (79,086 | ) | |||||||
| Total | 8,467,501 | (298,192 | ) | 8,169,309 | ||||||||
| 32. | Approval of the consolidated financial statements |
The consolidated financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board of directors on 4 June 2021.
| F-104 |