Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars and have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and as amended by Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments (which consist primarily of accruals, estimates and assumptions that impact the financial statements) considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2020 and its results of operations and changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. Operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2019 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of Compass Therapeutics LLC and related footnotes for the year ended December 31, 2019, included as Exhibit 99.1 in the Company’s Form 8-K Principles of Consolidation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Compass Therapeutics, Inc., and its wholly-owned subsidiaries Compass Therapeutics LLC and Compass Therapeutics Advisors Inc. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these financial statements include, but are not limited to, the accrual of research and development expenses, the valuation of the embedded derivative, the valuation of common stock and estimates associated with stock-based awards. Estimates are periodically reviewed in light of changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period that they become known. Segment Information Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate and discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company has one operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision-maker, its chief executive officer, manages the Company’s operations on a consolidated basis for the purpose of allocating resources. All of the Company’s long-lived assets are held in the United States. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash held in banks and amounts held in money market funds. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates market value. Cash equivalents consisted of money market funds of $62.1 million and $22.8 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Concentrations of Credit Risk and Off-Balance Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. The Company maintains its cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash with financial institutions that management believes to be of high-credit quality. The Company has not experienced any losses related to its cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows: Estimated Useful Life Asset Classification Equipment 5 years Furniture and fixtures 7 years Software 5 years Leasehold improvements Lesser of estimated useful life or lease term Estimated useful lives are periodically assessed to determine if changes are appropriate. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost of these assets and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are eliminated from the condensed consolidated balance sheet and any resulting gains or losses are included in the condensed consolidated statement of operations in the period of disposal. Costs for capital assets not yet placed into service are capitalized as construction-in-progress Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets consist of property and equipment. Long-lived assets to be held and used are tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. Factors that the Company considers in deciding when to perform an impairment review include significant underperformance of the business in relation to expectations, significant negative industry or economic trends and significant changes or planned changes in the use of the assets. If an impairment review is performed to evaluate a long-lived asset group for recoverability, the Company compares forecasts of undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the long-lived asset group to its carrying value. An impairment loss would be recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of an asset group are less than its carrying amount. The impairment loss would be based on the excess of the carrying value of the impaired asset group over its fair value, determined based on discounted cash flows. The Company did not record any impairment losses on long-lived assets during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. Fair Value Measurements Certain assets and liabilities of the Company are carried at fair value under GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable: • Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2 – Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets and liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. • Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques. To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. An entity may choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value at specified election dates. Subsequent unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in earnings. The Company’s cash equivalents are carried at fair value according to the fair value hierarchy described above and were determined based on Level 1 measurements (see Note 4). The Company’s restricted cash is carried at fair value according to the fair value hierarchy described above and were determined based on Level 2 measurements (see Note 4). The carrying values of other current assets and accounts payable approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities. The carrying values of the Company’s loan approximated its fair value as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 due to its variable interest rate. The fair value of the loan related embedded derivative (see Note 4) was determined based on Level 3 measurements. Research and Development Costs Costs associated with internal research and development and external research and development services, including drug development and preclinical studies, are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses include costs for salaries, employee benefits, subcontractors, facility-related expenses, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, third-party license fees, laboratory supplies, and external costs of outside vendors engaged to conduct discovery, preclinical and clinical development activities and clinical trials as well as to manufacture clinical trial materials, and other costs. The Company recognizes external research and development costs based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using information provided to the Company by its service providers. Nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services to be received in the future for use in research and development activities are recorded as prepaid expenses. Such prepaid expenses are recognized as an expense when the goods have been delivered or the related services have been performed, or when it is no longer expected that the goods will be delivered, or the services rendered. Costs associated with licenses of technology acquired as part of collaborative arrangements are expensed as incurred and are generally included in research and development expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations if it is determined the license has no alternative future use. Accrued Research and Development Expenses The Company has entered into various research and development and other agreements with commercial firms, researchers, universities and others for provisions of goods and services. These agreements are generally cancelable, and the related costs are recorded as research and development expenses as incurred. The Company records accruals for estimated ongoing research and development costs. When evaluating the adequacy of the accrued liabilities, the Company analyzes progress of the studies or clinical trials, including the phase or completion of events, invoices received and contracted costs. Significant judgments and estimates are made in determining the accrued balances at the end of any reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from the Company’s estimates. The Company’s historical accrual estimates have not been materially different from the actual costs. Stock-Based Compensation Through December 2019, Compass Therapeutics LLC issued Class A and Class C common units to various employees, directors and consultants. The units constituted “profits interests” for tax purposes and were accounted for as share-based payment arrangements. Compass LLC measured the estimated fair value of the unit-based awards on the date of grant and recognized compensation expense over the requisite service period, which was generally the vesting period of the respective award. Upon consummation of the Merger, all outstanding vested units were converted into shares of common stock and all outstanding unvested units were converted into shares of restricted stock that will continue to vest over the remaining term of the original award. The Company records compensation expense for all stock-based awards granted to employees and non-employees Net Loss per Share Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted loss per share includes the effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, such as unvested convertible preferred units and warrants that would result in the issuance of incremental shares of common stock. In computing the basic and diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders, the weighted average number of shares remains the same for both calculations due to the fact that when a net loss exists, dilutive shares are not included in the calculation as the impact is anti-dilutive. The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding as of June 30, 2020 and 2019 have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding, as they would be anti-dilutive: June 30, 2020 2019 Common stock issued upon vesting of share-based award 1,254,965 2,038,955 Preferred stock as converted — 30,629,606 Warrants to purchase common stock — 3,114,145 Total 1,254,965 35,782,706 Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, right-of-use In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurements, In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-18, Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction Between Topic 808 and Topic 606 2018-18”). 2018-18 In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes 2019-12”), 2019-12 2019-12 | 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars and have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and as amended by Accounting Standards Updates of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Compass Therapeutics LLC and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Compass Therapeutics Advisors Inc. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these financial statements include, but are not limited to, the accrual of research and development expenses, the valuation of the preferred equity call right liability, the valuation of the embedded derivative, the valuation of common units and estimates associated with unit-based awards. Estimates are periodically reviewed in light of changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period that they become known. Segment Information Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate and discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company has one operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker, its chief executive officer, manages the Company’s operations on a consolidated basis for the purpose of allocating resources. All of the Company’s long-lived assets are held in the United States. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash held in banks and amounts held in money market funds. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates market value. Cash equivalents consisted of money market funds of $22.8 million and $55.3 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Restricted Cash As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company was required to maintain a separate cash balance of $0.2 million to collateralize corporate credit cards with a bank, which was classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as a non-current In connection with the Company’s lease agreement entered into July 2016 (see Note 11), the Company is required to maintain a letter of credit of $0.1 million for the benefit of the landlord. As of December 31, 2019, and 2018, the underlying cash balance securing this letter of credit was classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as a non-current Concentrations of Credit Risk and Off-Balance Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. The Company maintains its cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash with financial institutions that management believes to be of high-credit quality. The Company generally maintains balances in various operating accounts at financial institutions that management believes to be of high-credit quality, in amounts that may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses related to its cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had no off-balance Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows: Estimated Useful Life Asset classification Equipment 5 years Furniture and fixtures 7 years Software 5 years Leasehold improvements Lesser of estimated useful life or lease term Estimated useful lives are periodically assessed to determine if changes are appropriate. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost of these assets and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are eliminated from the consolidated balance sheet and any resulting gains or losses are included in the consolidated statement of operations in the period of disposal. Costs for capital assets not yet placed into service are capitalized as construction-in-progress Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets consist of property and equipment. Long-lived assets to be held and used are tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. Factors that the Company considers in deciding when to perform an impairment review include significant underperformance of the business in relation to expectations, significant negative industry or economic trends and significant changes or planned changes in the use of the assets. If an impairment review is performed to evaluate a long-lived asset group for recoverability, the Company compares forecasts of undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the long-lived asset group to its carrying value. An impairment loss would be recognized in loss from operations when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of an asset group are less than its carrying amount. The impairment loss would be based on the excess of the carrying value of the impaired asset group over its fair value, determined based on discounted cash flows. The Company did not record any impairment losses on long-lived assets during the years ended December 31, 2019 or 2018. Fair Value Measurements Certain assets and liabilities of the Company are carried at fair value under GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable: • Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets and liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. • Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques. To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. An entity may choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value at specified election dates. Subsequent unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected will be reported in earnings. The Company’s cash equivalents are carried at fair value according to the fair value hierarchy described above and were determined based on Level 1 measurements (see Note 4). The Company’s restricted cash is carried at fair value according to the fair value hierarchy described above and were determined based on Level 2 measurements (see Note 4). The carrying values of other current assets and accounts payable approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities. The carrying values of the Company’s loan approximated its fair value as of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2020 due to its variable interest rate. The fair value of the loan related embedded derivative (see Note 4) was determined based on Level 3 measurements. Deferred Offering Costs The Company capitalizes certain legal, professional, accounting and other third-party fees that are directly associated with in-process in-process Research and Development Costs Costs associated with internal research and development and external research and development services, including drug development and preclinical studies, are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses include costs for salaries, employee benefits, subcontractors, facility-related expenses, depreciation and amortization, unit-based compensation, third-party license fees, laboratory supplies, and external costs of outside vendors engaged to conduct discovery, preclinical and clinical development activities and clinical trials as well as to manufacture clinical trial materials, and other costs. The Company recognizes external research and development costs based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using information provided to the Company by its service providers. Nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services to be received in the future for use in research and development activities are recorded as prepaid expenses. Such prepaid expenses are recognized as an expense when the goods have been delivered or the related services have been performed, or when it is no longer expected that the goods will be delivered, or the services rendered. Costs associated with licenses of technology acquired as part of collaborative arrangements are expensed as incurred and are generally included in research and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations if it is determined the license has no alternative future use. Accrued Research and Development Expenses The Company has entered into various research and development and other agreements with commercial firms, researchers, universities and others for provisions of goods and services. These agreements are generally cancelable, and the related costs are recorded as research and development expenses as incurred. The Company records accruals for estimated ongoing research and development costs. When evaluating the adequacy of the accrued liabilities, the Company analyzes progress of the studies or clinical trials, including the phase or completion of events, invoices received and contracted costs. Significant judgments and estimates are made in determining the accrued balances at the end of any reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from the Company’s estimates. The Company’s historical accrual estimates have not been materially different from the actual costs. Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs consist of payments made to secure commitments under certain debt financing arrangements. These amounts are recognized as interest expense over the period of the financing arrangement using the effective interest method. If the financing arrangement is canceled or forfeited, or if the utility of the arrangement to the Company is otherwise compromised, these costs are recognized as interest expense immediately. The Company’s consolidated financial statements present debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability as a direct reduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability. Patent Costs All patent-related costs incurred in connection with filing and prosecuting patent applications are expensed as incurred due to the uncertainty about the recovery of the expenditure. Amounts incurred are classified as general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Unit-Based Compensation The Company accounts for all unit-based awards granted to employees and non-employees The Company determines the fair value of the underlying profit interest units based on input from management and approved by the Board, which utilizes the Company’s enterprise value determined utilizing various methods including the back-solve method, the option-pricing method (“OPM”) or a hybrid of the probability-weighted expected return method (“PWERM”) and the OPM. The total enterprise value is then allocated to the various outstanding equity instruments, including the underlying profit interest, utilizing the option-pricing model. For employee and non-employee The fair value of each profits interest unit is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires inputs based on certain subjective assumptions, including the expected unit price volatility, the expected term of the unit, the risk-free interest rate for a period that approximates the expected term of the units and the Company’s expected dividend yield. The fair value of each restricted equity award is estimated on the date of grant based on the fair value of the Company’s common units on that same date. As there is no public market for its common units, the Company determines the volatility for awards granted based on an analysis of reported data for a group of guideline companies that issued options with substantially similar terms. The expected volatility has been determined using a weighted-average of the historical volatility measures of this group of guideline companies. The Company expects to continue to do so until such time as it has adequate historical data regarding the volatility of its own traded unit price. The expected term of the Company’s units granted to employees has been determined utilizing the “simplified” method for awards that qualify as “plain-vanilla” options. The Company has elected to apply the nonpublic entity practical expedient for calculating the expected term of non-employee Income Taxes Compass Therapeutics LLC elected to be treated as a partnership for income tax reporting purposes and therefore, federal and Massachusetts and any other state income taxes are the responsibility of the individual members. As such, no federal or state income taxes related to the LLC are recorded in the consolidated financial statements. The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Compass Therapeutics Advisors Inc., is organized as a C-corporation The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes, as set forth in ASC 740, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” ASC 740-10, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” 740-10”), 740-10, Net Loss per Unit The Company follows the two-class two-class two-class Basic net income (loss) per unit attributable to common unitholders is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders by the weighted average number of common units outstanding for the period. Diluted net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders is computed by adjusting net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders to reallocate undistributed earnings based on the potential impact of dilutive securities. Diluted net income (loss) per unit attributable to common unitholders is computed by dividing the diluted net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders by the weighted average number of common units outstanding for the period, including potential dilutive common units. For purpose of this calculation, outstanding profit interest options, convertible preferred unit and warrants to purchase shares of convertible preferred units are considered potential dilutive common units. The Company’s convertible preferred unit contractually entitles the holders of such units to participate in dividends but does not contractually require the holders of such units to participate in losses of the Company. Accordingly, in periods in which the Company reports a net loss attributable to common unitholders, such losses are not allocated to such participating securities. In periods in which the Company reports a net loss attributable to common unitholders, diluted net loss per unit attributable to common unitholders is the same as basic net loss per unit attributable to common unitholders, since dilutive common units are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive. The Company reported a net loss attributable to common unitholders for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) 2014-09”), 2014-09 2014-09 In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” 2016-09”). 2016-09 2016-09 In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting 2017-09”), 2017-09 In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting No. 2018-07”). 505-50, Non-Employees. 2018-07 In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Restricted Cash 2016-18”). 2016-09 beginning-of-period end-of-period 2016-18 Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases right-of-use In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurements In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-18, Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606 2018-18”). 2018-18 In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes 2019-12”), 2019-12 2019-12 |