Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation On December 12, 2017, Trinity Industries, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, "Trinity") announced its intention to separate its infrastructure-related businesses, which include its construction products, energy equipment, and transportation products businesses, from the rest of Trinity by means of a spin-off. On September 25, 2018, Trinity’s Board of Directors formally approved the separation of its infrastructure-related businesses from Trinity through a distribution of all of the common stock of Arcosa, Inc. (Arcosa, Inc. and its subsidiaries, "Arcosa" or "Company") held by Trinity to Trinity stockholders. Amendment No. 6 to Arcosa's Registration Statement on Form 10 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on September 27, 2018, ("Form 10"), was declared effective by the SEC on October 1, 2018. On November 1, 2018, Trinity stockholders received one share of Arcosa common stock for every three shares of Trinity common stock held as of 5:00 p.m. local New York City time on October 17, 2018, the record date for the distribution. The transaction was structured to be tax-free to both Trinity and Arcosa stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Throughout the period covered by the Combined Financial Statements, Arcosa operated as part of Trinity. Consequently, standalone financial statements have not been historically prepared for Arcosa. The accompanying Combined Financial Statements have been prepared from Trinity's historical accounting records and are presented on a standalone basis as if the operations had been conducted independently from Trinity. Accordingly, Trinity's net investment in Arcosa's operations (Parent Equity) is shown in lieu of stockholders' equity in the accompanying Combined Financial Statements, which include the historical operations, assets, and liabilities of the legal entities that are considered to comprise Arcosa. The historical results of operations, financial position, and cash flows of Arcosa represented in the Combined Financial Statements may neither be indicative of what they would have been had Arcosa actually been a separate standalone entity during such periods nor necessarily indicative of Arcosa's future results of operations, financial position, and cash flows. All normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2018 , and the results of operations and cash flows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , have been made in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Because of seasonal and other factors, the results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 may not be indicative of expected results of operations for the year ending December 31, 2018 . These interim financial statements and notes are condensed as permitted by the instructions to Form 10-Q and should be read in conjunction with the audited combined financial statements of the Company included in its Form 10 for the year ended December 31, 2017 . Relationship with Parent and Related Entities Arcosa has been managed and operated in the normal course of business with other business units of Trinity. The accompanying Combined Financial Statements include sales and purchase transactions with Trinity and its subsidiaries in addition to certain shared costs which have been allocated to Arcosa and reflected as expenses in the combined statements of comprehensive income. Transactions and allocations between Trinity and Arcosa are reflected in equity in the combined balance sheets as Net Parent Investment and in the combined statements of cash flows as a financing activity in Net transfers from/(to) parent and affiliates. All transactions and allocations between Trinity and Arcosa have been deemed paid between the parties, in cash, in the period in which the transaction or allocation was recorded in the Combined Financial Statements. Disbursements and cash receipts are made through centralized accounts payable and cash collection systems, respectively, which are operated by Trinity. As cash is disbursed and received by Trinity, it is accounted for by Arcosa through the Net Parent Investment account. Allocations of current income taxes receivable or payable are deemed to have been remitted to Arcosa or Trinity, respectively, in cash, in the period to which the receivable or payable applies. Corporate Costs/Allocations The Combined Financial Statements include an allocation of costs related to certain corporate functions incurred by Trinity for services that are provided to or on behalf of Arcosa. Corporate costs have been allocated to Arcosa using methods management believes are consistent and reasonable. Such cost allocations to Arcosa consist of (1) shared service charges and (2) corporate overhead costs. Shared service charges consist of monthly charges to each Trinity business unit for certain corporate functions such as information technology, human resources, and legal based on usage rates and activity units. Corporate overhead costs consist of costs not previously allocated to Trinity's business units and were allocated to Arcosa based on an analysis of each cost function and the relative benefits received by Arcosa for each of the periods. Corporate overhead costs allocated to Arcosa totaled $9.1 million and $10.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $24.7 million and $28.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Corporate overhead costs are included in selling, engineering, and administrative expenses in the accompanying combined statements of comprehensive income. Also see Note 3 “Segment Information”. The Combined Financial Statements of Arcosa may not include all of the actual expenses that would have been incurred had we operated as a standalone company during the periods presented and may not reflect our combined results of operations, financial position, and cash flows had we operated as a standalone company during the periods presented. Actual costs that would have been incurred if we had operated as a standalone company would depend on multiple factors, including organizational structure and strategic decisions made in various areas, including information technology and infrastructure. We also may incur additional costs associated with being a standalone, independent, publicly-traded company that were not included in the expense allocations and, therefore, would result in additional costs that are not reflected in our historical results of operations, financial position, and cash flows. Transactions with other Trinity Businesses Transactions with other Trinity businesses for purchases or sales of products and services are as follows: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2018 2017 2018 2017 (in millions) Sales by Arcosa to Trinity businesses $ 43.8 $ 38.7 $ 119.9 $ 102.9 Purchases by Arcosa from Trinity businesses $ 10.7 $ 9.2 $ 35.5 $ 37.5 Revenue Recognition Revenue is measured based on the allocation of the transaction price in a contract to satisfied performance obligations. The transaction price does not include any amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates its revenue, separated by reportable segments. Payments for our products and services are generally due within normal commercial terms. For a further discussion regarding the Company’s reportable segments, see Note 3 "Segment Information". Construction Products Group The Construction Products Group recognizes revenue when the customer has accepted the product and legal title of the product has passed to the customer. Energy Equipment Group Within the Energy Equipment Group, revenue is recognized for our wind tower and certain utility structure product lines over time as the products are manufactured using an input approach based on the costs incurred relative to the total estimated costs of production. We recognize revenue over time for these products as they are highly customized to the needs of an individual customer resulting in no alternative use to the Company if not purchased by the customer after the contract is executed, and we have the right to bill the customer for our work performed to date plus at least a reasonable profit margin for work performed. For all other products, revenue is recognized when the customer has accepted the product and legal title of the product has passed to the customer. Transportation Products Group The Transportation Products Group recognizes revenue when the customer has accepted the product and legal title of the product has passed to the customer. Unsatisfied Performance Obligations The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future periods related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially satisfied as of September 30, 2018 and the percentage of the outstanding performance obligations as of September 30, 2018 expected to be delivered during the remainder of 2018: Unsatisfied performance obligations at September 30, 2018 Total Amount Percent expected to be delivered in 2018 (in millions) Energy Equipment Group: Wind towers and utility structures $ 700.3 23 % Other $ 83.5 37 % Transportation Products Group: Inland barges $ 210.4 21 % The remainder of the unsatisfied performance obligations for wind towers and utility structures and inland barges are expected to be delivered through 2020 . Substantially all other unsatisfied performance obligations beyond 2018 are expected to be delivered during 2019. Income Taxes Income taxes as presented herein attribute current and deferred income taxes of Trinity to Arcosa's Combined Financial Statements in a manner that is systematic, rational, and consistent with the asset and liability method prescribed by the Accounting Standards Codification Topic 740 - Income Taxes ("ASC 740"). Accordingly, Arcosa's income tax provision has been prepared following the separate return method. The separate return method applies ASC 740 to the combined financial statements of each member of the consolidated group as if the group member were a separate taxpayer and a standalone enterprise. As a result, actual tax transactions included in the consolidated financial statements of Trinity may not be included in the separate Combined Financial Statements of Arcosa. Similarly, the tax treatment of certain items reflected in the Combined Financial Statements of Arcosa may not be reflected in the consolidated financial statements and tax returns of Trinity; items such as net operating losses, credit carryforwards, and valuation allowances may exist in the Combined Financial Statements, however, they may or may not exist in Trinity's consolidated financial statements. Allocations of current income taxes receivable or payable are deemed to have been remitted to Arcosa or Trinity, respectively, in cash, in the period to which the receivable or payable applies and are accounted for by Arcosa through the Net Parent Investment account. The liability method is used to account for income taxes. Deferred income taxes represent the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Valuation allowances reduce deferred tax assets to an amount that will more likely than not be realized. Financial Instruments The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments to be cash and cash equivalents if purchased with a maturity of three months or less. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk are primarily cash investments and receivables. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to receivables are limited due to control procedures that monitor the creditworthiness of customers, the large number of customers in the Company's customer base, and their dispersion across different industries and geographic areas. As receivables are generally unsecured, the Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon the expected collectibility of all receivables. Receivable balances determined to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and accounts payable are considered to be representative of their respective fair values. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Other comprehensive income (loss) consists of foreign currency translation adjustments. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Effective as of January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," ("ASU 2014-09") which provides common revenue recognition guidance for U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Under ASU 2014-09, an entity recognizes revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects what it expects to receive in exchange for the goods or services. It also requires additional detailed disclosures to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The Company applied ASU 2014-09 to all contracts that were not complete as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method of adoption, resulting in a reduction to Net Parent Investment of $4.0 million , net of tax, as of January 1, 2018 related to the cumulative effect of applying this standard. Therefore, the comparative information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under ASC Topic 605. The primary impact of adopting the standard is a change in the timing of revenue recognition for our wind towers and certain utility structures product lines within our Energy Equipment Group. Previously, the Company recognized revenue when the product was delivered. Under ASU 2014-09, revenue is recognized over time as the products are manufactured. Revenue recognition policies in our other business segments remain substantially unchanged. The following tables summarize the impact of adopting ASU 2014-09 on the Company’s Combined Financial Statements as of September 30, 2018 and for the three and nine months then ended: As Reported Adjustments Balance without adjustment for adoption of ASU 2014-09 (in millions) Combined Statement of Comprehensive Income For the three months ended September 30, 2018: Revenues $ 378.6 $ (8.3 ) $ 370.3 Cost of revenues 308.9 (5.7 ) 303.2 Operating profit 6.4 (2.6 ) 3.8 Income before income taxes 6.6 (2.6 ) 4.0 Provision for income taxes 3.4 (0.6 ) 2.8 Net income 3.2 (2.0 ) 1.2 For the nine months ended September 30, 2018: Revenues $ 1,086.0 $ 6.4 $ 1,092.4 Cost of revenues 877.5 5.4 882.9 Operating profit 68.2 1.0 69.2 Income before income taxes 66.2 1.0 67.2 Provision for income taxes 18.2 0.2 18.4 Net income 48.0 0.8 48.8 Combined Balance Sheet Receivables, net of allowance $ 174.7 $ (16.1 ) $ 158.6 Inventories: Raw materials and supplies 126.4 — 126.4 Work in process 33.8 17.1 50.9 Finished goods 74.5 5.4 79.9 Accrued liabilities 109.1 (0.1 ) 109.0 Deferred income taxes 16.8 1.5 18.3 Net parent investment 1,422.5 5.0 1,427.5 Combined Statement of Cash Flows For the nine months ended September 30, 2018: Operating activities: Net income $ 48.0 $ 0.8 $ 48.8 Provision for deferred income taxes 7.1 0.2 7.3 (Increase) decrease in receivables 10.9 8.3 19.2 (Increase) decrease in inventories (31.6 ) 5.4 (26.2 ) Increase (decrease) in accrued liabilities (13.8 ) (14.7 ) (28.5 ) Net cash provided by operating activities 118.5 — 118.5 In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, "Leases", ("ASU 2016-02") which amends the existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets and making targeted changes to lessor accounting. ASU 2016-02 will become effective for public companies during interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company plans to adopt ASU 2016-02 effective January 1, 2019. We are finalizing our assessment of the effects of the new standard, including its effects on our Combined Financial Statements. In February 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-02, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income: Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income”, (“ASU 2018-02”) which gives entities the option to reclassify from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss ("AOCL") to retained earnings the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the"Act") enacted on December 22, 2017. ASU 2018-02 will become effective for public companies during interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to adopt ASU 2018-02 as of January 1, 2018 resulting in a reclassification adjustment from AOCL for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 which was not significant. |