| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SolarWinds Corporation and the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiaries. We have eliminated all intercompany balances and transactions. Reverse Stock Split Effective July 30, 2021, we effected a 2:1 reverse stock split of our common stock. As a result of the reverse stock split, all share and per share figures contained in the consolidated financial statements have been retroactively restated as if the reverse stock split occurred at the beginning of the periods presented. Special Dividend On July 30, 2021, our board of directors declared a special one-time cash dividend (the "Special Dividend"), to be paid following the effectiveness of, and after giving effect to, the reverse stock split, equal to $1.50 per share of common stock issued and outstanding as of August 9, 2021. The Special Dividend in the aggregate amount of $237.2 million was paid on August 24, 2021. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States of America generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and the disclosure of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. The previously disclosed cyberattack on our Orion Software Platform and internal systems, or Cyber Incident, has had and may continue to have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, there continues to be uncertainty in the rapidly changing market and macroeconomic conditions related in part to the war in Ukraine and, to a lesser extent, the coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, pandemic. We have made estimates of the impact of the Cyber Incident, the macroeconomic conditions resulting from the war in Ukraine, and COVID-19 pandemic within our financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The estimates assessed included, but were not limited to, loss contingencies, the carrying values of goodwill and intangible assets and other long-lived assets, valuation allowances for tax assets and revenue recognition and may change in future periods. The actual results that we experience may differ materially from our estimates. The accounting estimates that require our most significant, difficult and subjective judgments include: • the valuation of goodwill, intangibles, long-lived assets and contingent consideration; • revenue recognition; • stock-based compensation; • income taxes; and • loss contingencies. Foreign Currency Translation The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is determined in accordance with authoritative guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"). We translate assets and liabilities for these subsidiaries at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. We translate income and expense accounts for these subsidiaries at the average monthly exchange rates for the periods. We record resulting translation adjustments as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity. We record gains and losses from currency transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency as other income (expense) in our consolidated statements of operations. There were no equity transactions denominated in foreign currencies for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Local currency transactions of international subsidiaries that have the U.S. dollar as the functional currency are remeasured into U.S. dollars using current rates of exchange for monetary assets and liabilities and historical rates of exchange for non-monetary assets and liabilities. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In October 2021, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2021-08 "Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers", which requires an entity to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers", instead of at fair value on the acquisition date as previously required by ASC 805. The amendments improve comparability after the business combination by providing consistent recognition and measurement guidance for acquired revenue contracts and revenue contracts not acquired in a business combination. The updated guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 and early adoption is permitted. We elected to early adopt the updated guidance prospectively as of January 1, 2022. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022. Acquisitions The purchase price of our acquired businesses is allocated to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values, with the excess recorded as goodwill. If applicable, we estimate the fair value of contingent consideration payments in determining the purchase price. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments to the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including the deferred tax asset valuation allowances and acquired income tax uncertainties, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. We include the operating results of acquisitions in our consolidated financial statements from the effective date of the acquisitions. Acquisition related costs are expensed separately from the acquisition as incurred and are primarily included in general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets is based on significant judgments made by management. We typically engage third party valuation appraisal firms to assist us in determining the fair values and useful lives of the assets acquired. The valuation estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and information obtained by management, and include, but are not limited to, future expected revenues earned from customer relationships and the developed product technologies and discount rates applied in determining the present value of those cash flows. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that could affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results. Acquired identifiable intangible assets are amortized on the straight-line method over their estimated economic lives, which are generally two Impairment of Goodwill, Intangible Assets and Long-lived Assets Goodwill Our goodwill was derived from the Take Private transaction and acquisitions where the purchase price exceeded the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired. Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually during the fourth quarter or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is less than its carrying value. An impairment of goodwill is recognized when the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. For purposes of the impairment test, we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, a “Step 0” analysis. For “Step 0,” the qualitative factors we assess include events and circumstances that could affect the significant inputs used to determine the fair value of our reporting units, including the significance of the amount of excess fair value over carrying value, consistency of operating margins and cash flows, budgeted-to-actual performance, overall change in economic climate, changes in the industry and competitive environment, key management turnover, and earnings quality and sustainability. If, based on a review of qualitative factors, it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value we perform “Step 1” of the goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying value of goodwill in that reporting unit. As of December 31, 2021, we experienced a decline in our stock price resulting in the total market value of our shares of stock outstanding (our "market capitalization"), being less than the carrying value of our reporting unit. We considered the decline in the market capitalization being less than the carrying value of our reporting unit in our evaluation of goodwill impairment indicators and determined it appropriate to perform a quantitative assessment of our reporting unit as of December 31, 2021. As a result of the impairment analysis, our reporting unit was determined to have a fair value that exceeded its carrying value by approximately 7.2%, and therefore no impairment was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2021. As of March 31, 2022, while we experienced a further decline in our market capitalization, there were no unanticipated changes or negative indicators in the goodwill impairment qualitative factors or significant changes to assumptions used in the discounted cash flow models that would impact the fair value of our reporting unit. After considering all available evidence, we determined there were no indicators of impairment or changes to circumstances that more likely than not reduced the fair value of our reporting unit to less than its carrying value as of March 31, 2022. As of June 30, 2022, we experienced a further decline in our market capitalization and considered the impact of current macroeconomic conditions on our projected operating results and assumptions used in the income approach - discounted cash flow method and market approach models that impact the fair value of our reporting unit. The macroeconomic conditions considered include deterioration in the equity markets evidenced by sustained declines in our stock price, those of our peers, and major market indices since December 31, 2021, which reduced the market multiples, along with an increase in the weighted-average cost of capital primarily driven by an increase in interest rates. In addition, as of June 30, 2022, we lowered our projected operating results primarily due to the recent impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on our projected sales and market concerns related to inflation, supply chain disruption issues and other macroeconomic factors. After considering all available evidence in our evaluation of goodwill impairment indicators, we determined it appropriate to perform an interim quantitative assessment of our reporting unit as of June 30, 2022. We engaged a third-party valuation specialist to assist in the performance of the impairment analysis of our reporting unit. For the interim quantitative goodwill impairment analysis performed as of June 30, 2022, we utilized a combination of both an income and market approach to determine the fair value of our reporting unit. The income approach utilizes a discounted cash flow method which is based on the present value of projected cash flows. The discounted cash flow models reflect our assumptions regarding revenue growth rates, operating margins, risk-adjusted discount rate, terminal period growth rate, economic and market trends and other expectations about the anticipated operating results of our reporting unit. Under the market approach, we estimate the fair value based on market multiples of revenues derived from comparable publicly traded companies with operating characteristics similar to the reporting unit. As a result of the interim goodwill impairment analysis, our reporting unit was determined to have a carrying value that exceeded its fair value and therefore, a $612.4 million non-cash goodwill impairment charge was recognized in our consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2022. As of September 30, 2022, we experienced a further decline in our market capitalization, and after considering the impact of current macroeconomic conditions on the assumptions used in determining the fair value of our reporting unit, determined it appropriate to perform an interim quantitative assessment of our reporting unit. The macroeconomic conditions considered include the continued deterioration in the equity markets, which reduced the market multiples used in our analysis, along with an increase in the weighted-average cost of capital primarily driven by an increase in interest rates and ongoing effects from foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. We engaged a third-party valuation specialist to assist in the performance of the impairment analysis of our reporting unit. For the interim quantitative goodwill impairment analysis performed as of September 30, 2022, we utilized a combination of both an income and market approach to determine the fair value of our reporting unit consistent with the analysis performed at June 30, 2022 discussed above. As a result of the interim goodwill impairment analysis, our reporting unit was determined to have a carrying value that exceeded its fair value and therefore, a $278.7 million non-cash goodwill impairment charge was recognized in our consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2022. On October 1, 2022, we performed our annual goodwill impairment analysis and assessed several events and circumstances that could affect the significant inputs used to determine the fair value of our reporting unit. As of the date of our annual impairment analysis of October 1, 2022 and throughout the fourth quarter, there were no unanticipated changes or negative indicators in the qualitative factors or valuation assumptions that would impact the fair value of our reporting unit as determined on September 30, 2022. As such, we determined there were no indicators of impairment and that it was more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit was greater than its carrying value at December 31, 2022. Fair value determination of our reporting unit requires considerable judgment and is sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and factors. As a result, there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the quantitative goodwill impairment tests will prove to be an accurate prediction of future results. Examples of events or circumstances that could reasonably be expected to negatively affect the underlying key assumptions and ultimately impact the estimated fair value of our reporting unit may include such items as: (i) volatility in the equity and debt markets or other macroeconomic factors, (ii) an increase in the weighted-average cost of capital due to further increases in interest rates, (iii) timing and success of new products introduced in our evolution from monitoring to observability, (iv) the ongoing impact of the Cyber Incident including a decrease in future cash flows due to lower than expected license sales or maintenance renewals, higher than expected customer attrition, higher than estimated costs to respond and adverse loss exposure from claims, fines or penalties resulting from government investigations and litigation; and (v) fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates that may negatively impact our reported results of operations. Accordingly, if our current cash flow assumptions are not realized, we experience further sustained declines in our stock price or market capitalization, or there are further declines in the market multiplies used in our analysis, it is possible that an additional impairment charge may be recorded in the future, which could be material. Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets We review our indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually, in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if a triggering event occurs. We first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative test. If necessary, the quantitative test is performed by comparing the fair value of indefinite lived intangible assets to the carrying value. In the event the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the assets, the assets are written down to their fair value. As of June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022, due to the factors discussed in the goodwill analysis above, we performed quantitative assessments of our indefinite-lived intangible assets utilizing a relief from royalty method and determined the estimated fair value of the SolarWinds trade name, recorded in connection with the Take Private, was less than its carrying value. As a result, we recorded non-cash impairment charges of $9.4 million and $5.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022, respectively, which are included in general and administrative expense Long-lived Assets We evaluate the recoverability of our long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets and other assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. Events or changes in circumstances that could result in an impairment review include, but are not limited to, significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business, and significant negative industry or economic trends. In the event that the net book value of our long-lived assets exceeds the future undiscounted net cash flows attributable to such assets, an impairment charge would be required. Impairment, if any, is recognized in the period of identification to the extent the carrying amount of an asset or asset group exceeds the fair value of such asset or asset group. As of June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022, prior to performing the goodwill impairment analyses discussed above, we performed recoverability tests of our long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets, by comparing the net book value of our long-lived assets or asset groups, to the future undiscounted net cash flows attributable to such assets, and determined no impairment was required. Investments Our investments, classified as available-for-sale securities, consist of marketable securities such as corporate bonds, U.S. Treasury securities, commercial paper and asset-backed securities. We determine the appropriate classification of our investments at the time of purchase and reevaluate such determination at each balance sheet date. We may classify our available-for-sale securities as either short-term or long-term investments. We classify an investment as short-term if we have both the intent and ability to convert the security into cash to fund current operations. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is a component of shareholders' equity except for any unrealized losses determined to be related to credit losses, which we record within other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations. Any premiums or discounts are amortized or accreted, respectively, to maturity as a component of interest expense, net in our consolidated statements of operations. Cash flows from the amount of purchases, sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities are classified as cash flows from investing activities. Amortization and accretion of purchased premiums and discounts on securities are included as a non-cash adjustment to net income (loss) within cash flows from operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific-identification method. In determining if and when a decline in fair value is judged to be other-than-temporary, we evaluate, among other factors: the duration and extent to which the fair value has been less than the carrying value and the intent and ability to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair market value. Declines in fair value deemed other-than-temporary are included as a component of other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations. We have not recorded any other-than-temporary impairments related to marketable securities. See Note 6. Investments for a summary of our investments. Fair Value Measurements We apply the authoritative guidance on fair value measurements for financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and non-financial assets and liabilities, such as goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The guidance establishes a three-tiered fair value hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used in fair value calculations. The three levels of inputs are defined as follows: Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets accessible by us. Level 2: Inputs that are observable in the marketplace other than those inputs classified as Level 1. Level 3: Inputs that are unobservable in the marketplace and significant to the valuation. We determine the fair value of our available-for-sale securities based on inputs obtained from multiple pricing vendors, who may use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1 inputs) or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly (Level 2 inputs) in determining fair value. However, we classify all of our available-for-sale securities as being valued using Level 2 inputs. The valuation techniques used to determine the fair value of our financial instruments having Level 2 inputs are derived from unadjusted, non-binding market consensus prices that are corroborated by observable market data, quoted market prices for similar instruments, or pricing models. Our procedures include controls to ensure that appropriate fair values are recorded by a review of the valuation methods and assumptions. See Note 7. Fair Value Measurements for a summary of our financial instruments accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis. The carrying amounts reported in our consolidated balance sheets for cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other accrued expenses approximate fair value due to relatively short periods to maturity. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable represent trade receivables from customers when we have sold subscriptions, perpetual licenses or related maintenance services and have not yet received payment. We present accounts receivable net of an allowance for credit losses. We maintain an allowance for estimated losses resulting from the inability of customers to make required payments. In doing so, we consider the current financial condition of the customer, the specific details of the customer account, the age of the outstanding balance and the current economic environment. Any change in the assumptions used in analyzing a specific account receivable might result in an additional allowance for credit losses being recognized in the period in which the change occurs. We have historically had insignificant write-offs related to bad debts. Property and Equipment We record property and equipment at cost and depreciate them using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives as follows: Useful Life Equipment, servers and computers 3 - 5 Furniture and fixtures 5 - 7 Software 3 - 5 Leasehold improvements Lesser of Upon retirement or sale of property and equipment, we remove the cost of assets disposed of and any related accumulated depreciation from our accounts and credit or charge any resulting gain or loss to operating expense. We expense repairs and maintenance as they are incurred. Research and Development Costs Research and development expenses primarily consist of personnel costs and contractor fees related to the development of new software products and enhancements to existing software products. Personnel costs include salaries, bonuses and stock-based compensation and related employer-paid payroll taxes, as well as an allocation of our facilities, depreciation, benefits and IT costs. Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred with the exception of those software development costs that may qualify for capitalization. For our perpetual and time-based licensed products, software development costs incurred subsequent to establishing technological feasibility through the general release of the software products are capitalized. Our new software license products and significant enhancements to our existing products are available for general release soon after technological feasibility has been established. Due to the short time period between technological feasibility and general release, capitalized software development costs related to our licensed products were insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Internal-Use Software We capitalize development costs related to developing new functionality for our solutions that are hosted and accessed by our customers on a subscription basis in accordance with the guidance for internal-use software. We also capitalize costs related to specific upgrades and enhancements when it is probable the expenditures will result in additional functionality. Costs incurred in the preliminary stages of development are expensed as incurred. Once an application has reached the development stage, internal and external costs, if direct and incremental, are capitalized until the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Capitalized internal-use software costs are recorded as part of other assets, net in our consolidated balance sheets. Maintenance and training costs are expensed as incurred. Internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, generally three years, and included in cost of recurring revenue in the consolidated statements of operations. There were no impairments to internal-use software. We had $19.3 million and $9.2 million of internal-use software, net capitalized as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Amortization expense of internal-use software was $4.2 million, $3.3 million and $3.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs for our credit facilities outstanding are presented as a deduction from the corresponding debt liability on our consolidated balance sheets and amortized on an effective interest rate method over the term of the associated debt as interest expense in our consolidated statements of operations. Amortization of debt issuance costs included in interest expense was $9.1 million, $9.1 million and $9.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. See Note 11. Debt for discussion of our credit facilities. Contingencies We account for claims and contingencies in accordance with authoritative guidance that requires we record an estimated loss from a claim or loss contingency when information available prior to issuance of our consolidated financial statements indicates a liability has been incurred at the date of our consolidated financial statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. If we determine that it is reasonably possible but not probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred, we disclose the amount or range of estimated loss if material or that the loss cannot be reasonably estimated. We record loss recovery assets related to recognized loss contingencies for expected insurance proceeds we believe are probable of recovery. Accounting for claims and contingencies requires us to use our judgment. We consult with legal counsel on those issues related to litigation and seek input from other experts and advisors with respect to matters in the ordinary course of business. See Note 17. Commitments and Contingencies for a discussion of contingencies. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component are summarized below: Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (in thousands) Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 127,212 $ — $ 127,212 Other comprehensive gain (loss) before reclassification (125,906) — (125,906) Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — — — Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) (125,906) — (125,906) Balance at December 31, 2021 1,306 — 1,306 Other comprehensive gain (loss) before reclassification (49,302) (118) (49,420) Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — — — Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) (49,302) (118) (49,420) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ (47,996) $ (118) $ (48,114) Revenue Recognition We primarily generate recurring revenue from fees received for subscriptions and from the sale of maintenance services associated with our perpetual license products and license revenue from the sale of our perpetual license products. We recognize revenue related to contracts from customers when we transfer promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This is determined by following a five-step process which includes (1) identifying the contract with a customer, (2) identifying the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determining the transaction price, (4) allocating the transaction price, and (5) recognizing revenue when or as we satisfy a performance obligation, as described below. • Identify the contract with a customer. We generally use a purchase order, an authorized credit card, an electronic or manually signed license agreement, or the receipt of a cash payment as evidence of a contract with a customer provided that collection is considered probable. We sell our products through our direct inside sales force and through our distributors and resellers. Our distributors and resellers do not carry inventory of our software and we generally require them to specify the end user of the software at the time of the order. If the distributor or reseller does not provide end-user information, then we will generally not fulfill the order. Our distributors and resellers have no rights of return or exchange for software that they purchase from us and payment for these purchases is due to us without regard to whether the distributors or resellers collect payment from their customers. Sales through resellers and distributors are typically evidenced by a reseller or distributor agreement, together with purchase orders or authorized credit cards on a transaction-by-transaction basis. • Identify the performance obligations in the contract. Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer that are separately identifiable from other promises in the contract, or distinct. If not considered distinct, the promised goods or services are combined with other goods or services and accounted for as a combined performance obligation. Determining the distinct performance obligations in a contract requires judgment. Our performance obligations primarily include software-as-a-service, or SaaS, offerings, perpetual and time-based licenses, and maintenance support including unspecified upgrades or enhancements to new versions of our software products. See additional discussion of our performance obligations below. • Determine the transaction price. We determine the transaction price based on the contractual consideration and the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services to the customer. We account for sales incentives to cus |
