| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies We consider the following policies to be beneficial in understanding the judgment involved in the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements and the uncertainties that could impact our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. (a) Use of Estimates —The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, provisions for expected credit losses and inventory reserves, revenue recognition, accounting for income taxes, accounting for business combinations and dispositions, valuation of reporting units for purposes of assessing goodwill for impairment, valuation of long-lived asset groups for impairment testing, the useful lives of long-lived assets, accruals for employee benefits, stock-based compensation, pension benefits, indemnification liabilities, deferred taxes, warranties, and certain contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience, market participant fair value considerations, projected future cash flows, and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates. (b) Business Combinations —Our acquisitions are accounted for under ASC 805, Business Combinations . Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of acquired companies are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets from the acquisition date, adjusted to reflect their fair value. Intangible assets are measured and recognized at fair value and amortized over their estimated useful lives. We recognize goodwill equal to the difference between the purchase price and identifiable assets and liabilities. Acquisition-related costs are recognized as incurred. We estimate the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities as of the acquisition date utilizing either a cost or income approach. Determining the fair value of acquired intangibles involves significant estimates and assumptions, including, but not limited to, forecasted revenue growth rates, customer attrition rate, market-participant discount rates, the assumed royalty rates, and income tax rates. The valuation of tangible and intangible assets and liabilities resulting from an acquisition is subject to management review and may change materially between the preliminary allocation and end of the purchase price allocation period of one year. Customer relationships are valued using the multi-period excess earnings method. The multi-period excess earnings method estimates the discounted net earnings attributable to the customer relationships that were acquired after considering items such as possible customer attrition. Estimated useful lives were determined based on the length and trend of projected cash flows. The length of the projected cash flow period was determined based on the expected attrition of the customer relationships, which is based on our historical experience and future expectations for renewing and extending similar customer relationships. Technology and trade names are valued using the relief from royalty method to estimate the cost savings that will accrue to the Company, which would otherwise have to pay royalties or license fees on revenue earned by using the asset. The useful lives of the assets were determined based on management’s estimate of the period of time the technology or name will be in use. (c) Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash —Cash and cash equivalents may consist of cash on hand, money market instruments, time deposits, and highly liquid investments. All highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less are considered cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents that are restricted as to the withdrawal or use under terms of certain contractual agreements are recorded in other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and primarily relate to collateral to support certain bank guarantees. Restricted cash for the periods presented was not material. Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. (d) Accounts Receivable, net of Allowance for Credit Losses —Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, presented net of allowance for credit losses and do not bear interest. We review the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses on an ongoing basis using historical collection trends and aging of receivables. Management also periodically evaluates individual customers’ financial condition, credit history, and the current economic conditions to make adjustments to the allowance when it is considered necessary. Account balances are written off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. Allowance for credit losses was not material as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. (e) Concentration of Credit Risk— Credit risk represents the loss that would be recognized at the reporting date if counterparties failed to perform as contracted. Market risk represents our exposure to changes associated with our international operations as we generate revenue and incur expenses in various currencies. We continually monitor the creditworthiness of our customers to which we grant credit terms in the normal course of business. The terms and conditions of credit sales are designed to mitigate or eliminate concentrations of credit risk with any single customer. Management does not believe we are exposed to any significant concentrations of credit risk that arise from cash and cash equivalent investments or accounts receivable. (f) Inventories —Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value with cost being determined using the moving-average method or first in, first out (“FIFO”) method. Inventory reserves are maintained for obsolete and surplus items. The following table summarizes the details of our inventory, net: December 31, (in millions) 2024 2023 Raw materials $ 171 $ 221 Work in process 14 18 Finished products 1,052 702 Total inventories, net $ 1,237 $ 941 (g) Property, Plant and Equipment —Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. For financial reporting purposes the straight-line method of depreciation is used over the estimated useful lives. Leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the term of the underlying lease. Depreciation is recognized in cost of sales, research and development, and selling, general and administrative expenses based on the nature and use of the underlying assets. The following table summarizes the details of our property, plant and equipment, including useful lives: December 31, (in millions) 2024 2023 Useful Lives Machinery and equipment $ 618 $ 659 3-16 years Buildings and improvements 339 314 5-50 years Construction in progress 80 85 NA Land 9 10 NA Gross property, plant and equipment 1,046 1,068 Accumulated depreciation (636) (678) Total property, plant and equipment, net $ 410 $ 390 NA = Not applicable; assets categorized as construction in progress and land are not depreciated. Depreciation expense was $64 million, $59 million and $59 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. (h) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets —We assess the recoverability of the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount or related group of assets may not be recoverable. We perform an impairment test primarily utilizing the replacement cost method (a Level 3 valuation method) for the fair value of property, plant and equipment. If the expected undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset an impairment loss is recognized as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. (i) Goodwill and Intangible Assets —We review the carrying values of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that such carrying values may not be recoverable as well as annually, on the first day of the fourth quarter. The fair value calculated during the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test uses the market approach in combination with the income approach for the reporting units and the relief from royalty method for the indefinite-lived intangible assets, respectively. The fair value is a Level 3 valuation based on certain unobservable inputs including estimated future cash flows and discount rates aligned with market-based assumptions, that would be utilized by market participants in valuing these assets or prices of similar assets. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we record a goodwill impairment loss as the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Refer to Note 9. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, net to Consolidated Financial Statements. (j) Restructuring —We enter into various restructuring initiatives, optimization projects, strategic transactions, and other business activities that may include the recognition of exit or disposal costs. Exit or disposal costs are typically costs of termination benefits, such as severance, and costs associated with the closure or consolidation of operating facilities. Impairment of property and equipment and other current or long-term assets as a result of a restructuring initiative is recognized as a reduction of the appropriate asset. Refer to Note 6. Restructuring to Consolidated Financial Statements. (k) Derivatives —We have interest rate swap agreements and an interest rate cap agreement. Our interest rate swap agreements effectively modify our exposure to interest rate risk by converting floating rate debt to a fixed rate for the term of the swap agreements, reducing the impact of interest rate changes on future interest expense. These agreements involve the receipt of floating rate amounts in exchange for fixed rate interest payments over the life of the agreement without an exchange of the underlying principal amount. Our interest rate cap agreement protects us from increases in interest rates above the capped rate. Our interest rate derivative agreements are designated as cash flow hedges with hedge effectiveness assessed at inception and quarterly thereafter. To the extent the hedging relationship is highly effective, the unrealized gains or losses on the swaps and interest rate cap are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and reclassified into earnings within interest expense, net when the payments occur. We classify our cash flows related to interest rate swap agreements as operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The fair values of the interest rate derivatives are reflected as an other asset or liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the change in fair value is reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The fair values of the interest rate derivatives are estimated as the net present value of projected cash flows based upon forward interest rates at the balance sheet date. We do not offset fair value amounts recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets for presentation purposes. Refer to Note 12. Derivative Financial Instruments to Consolidated Financial Statements. (l) Warranties and Guarantees —Expected warranty costs for products sold are recognized based on an estimate of the amount that eventually will be required to settle such obligations. These accruals are based on factors such as historical experience, warranty period, and various other considerations. Costs of product recalls, which may include the cost of the replacing the product as well as the customer’s cost of the recall, including labor to remove and replace the recalled part, are accrued as part of the warranty accrual when an obligation becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated. We periodically adjust these provisions to reflect actual experience and other facts and circumstances that impact the status of existing claims. Refer to Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies to Consolidated Financial Statements. (m) Leases —Included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets are certain operating leases which are reported as a component of other assets and other liabilities with the short-term portion of the lease liability reported as a component of accrued liabilities. The leased assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and the lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. An incremental borrowing rate is used to calculate the present value of the remaining lease payments. Each contract is reviewed at inception to determine if it contains a lease and whether the lease qualifies as an operating or financing lease. For short-term leases (leases with a term of 12 months or less), right-of-use assets or lease liabilities are not recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Operating leases are expensed on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. In determining the lease term, we consider the probability of exercising renewal or early termination options. In addition to the monthly base rent, we are often charged separately for common area maintenance, utilities, and taxes, which are considered a non-lease component. These non-lease component payments are expensed as incurred and are not included in operating lease assets or liabilities. Right-of-use assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable in accordance with our long-lived asset impairment assessment policy. We perform an impairment test primarily utilizing the income method to estimate the fair value of right-of-use assets, which incorporates Level 3 inputs such as internal business plans, real estate market capitalization and rental rates, and discount rates. Refer to Note 10. Leases to Consolidated Financial Statements. (n) Revenue Recognition —We enter into contracts that pertain to products, which are accounted for as separate performance obligations and are typically one year or less in duration. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. For product sales, typically each product sold to a customer represents a distinct performance obligation. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for our products. We recognize the majority of our revenue from performance obligations outlined in contracts with our customers that are satisfied at a point in time, generally when the product has shipped from our facility and control has transferred to the customer. For certain products, it is industry practice that customers take title to products upon delivery, at which time revenue is then recognized. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price (“SSP”). Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation that is not sold separately. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, the primary method used to estimate the SSP is the expected cost plus an estimated-margin approach. For services, revenue is recognized ratably over the contract period in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those services as the customer receives such services on a consistent basis throughout the contract period. Allowances for cash discounts, volume rebates, and other customer incentive programs, as well as gross customer returns, among others, are recorded as a reduction of sales. Revenue is adjusted for variable consideration, which includes customer volume rebates and prompt payment discounts. We measure variable consideration by estimating expected outcomes using analysis and inputs based upon anticipated performance, historical data, and current and forecasted information. Customer returns are recorded as a reduction to sales on an actual basis throughout the year and also include an estimate at the end of each reporting period for future customer returns related to sales recorded prior to the end of the period. We generally estimate customer returns based upon the time lag that historically occurs between the sale date and the return date, while also factoring in any new business conditions that might impact the historical analysis such as new product introduction. Measurement of variable consideration is reviewed by management periodically and revenue is adjusted accordingly. We do not have significant financing components. Sales, use, and value added taxes collected and remitted to various government authorities were not recognized as revenue and are reported on a net basis. Shipping and handling fees billed to customers are included in cost of goods sold. Refer to Note 5. Revenue Recognition to Consolidated Financial Statements. (o) Royalty —In connection with the Spin-Off, we entered into a 40-year Trademark License Agreement (the “Trademark Agreement”) with Honeywell that authorizes our use of certain licensed trademarks in the operation of Resideo’s business for the advertising, sale, and distribution of certain licensed products. In exchange, we pay a royalty fee of 1.5% of net revenue of the licensed products to Honeywell, which is recorded in selling, general and administrative expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Refer to Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies to Consolidated Financial Statements. (p) Reimbursement Agreement —In connection with the Spin-Off, we entered into a Reimbursement Agreement pursuant to which we have an obligation to make cash payments to Honeywell in amounts equal to 90% of payments, which include amounts billed, with respect to certain environmental claims, remediation and, to the extent arising after the Spin-Off, hazardous exposure or toxic tort claims, in each case, including consequential damages (the liabilities) in respect of specified Honeywell properties contaminated through historical business operations prior to the Spin-Off (Honeywell Sites), including the legal and other costs of defending and resolving such liabilities, less 90% of Honeywell’s net insurance receipts relating to such liabilities, and less 90% of the net proceeds received by Honeywell in connection with (i) affirmative claims relating to such liabilities, (ii) contributions by other parties relating to such liabilities, and (iii) certain property sales. The amount payable in respect of such liabilities arising in any given year is subject to a cap of $140 million. Reimbursement Agreement expenses are presented within other expense, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and the liability is presented within Obligations payable under Indemnification Agreements in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Refer to Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies to Consolidated Financial Statements. (q) Environmental —We accrue costs related to environmental matters when it is probable that we have incurred a liability related to a contaminated site and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Environmental costs for our owned, operating sites are presented within cost of goods sold in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Refer to Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies. (r) Tax Indemnification Agreement —The Tax Matters Agreement provides that Resideo is required to indemnify Honeywell for any taxes (and reasonable expenses) resulting from the failure of the Spin-Off and related internal transactions to qualify for their intended tax treatment under U.S. federal, state and local income tax law, as well as foreign tax law, where such taxes result from (a) breaches of covenants and representations we make and agree to in connection with the Spin-Off, (b) the application of certain provisions of U.S. federal income tax law to these transactions or (c) any other action taken or omission made (other than actions expressly required or permitted by the Separation and Distribution Agreement, the Tax Matters Agreement or other ancillary agreements) after the consummation of the Spin-Off that gives rise to these taxes. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had an indemnity outstanding to Honeywell for past and potential future tax payments of $91 million and $97 million, respectively. Refer to Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies to Consolidated Financial Statements. (s) Research and Development —We conduct research and development activities, which consist primarily of the development of new products and solutions as well as enhancements and improvements to existing products that substantially change the product. Research and development costs primarily relate to employee compensation and consulting fees, which are expensed as incurred. (t) Defined Contribution Plans— We sponsor various defined contribution plans with varying terms depending on the country of employment. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, we recognized compensation expense related to the defined contribution plans of $23 million, $22 million, and $22 million, respectively. (u) Stock-Based Compensation Plans —The principal awards issued under our stock-based compensation plans, which are described in Note 8. Stock-Based Compensation Plans , are restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance stock units (“PSUs”) and stock option awards. The cost for such awards is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award. Some awards are issued with a market condition, which are valued on the grant date utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation model. Stock options are also issued under our stock-based compensation plans and are valued on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model and the Monte Carlo simulation model require estimates of future stock price volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rate, and forfeitures. For all stock-based compensation, the fair value of the award is recognized as expense over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity award) and is included in either selling, general and administrative expenses or restructuring, impairment, and extinguishment costs in the Consolidated Statements of Operations depending on whether the expense relates to our restructuring programs. Our time-based restricted stock awards are typically subject to graded vesting over a service period, while our performance- or market-based awards are typically subject to cliff vesting at the end of the service period. (v) Pension —We disaggregate the service cost component of net benefit costs and report those costs in the same line item or items in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other non-service components of net benefit costs are required to be presented separately from the service cost component and outside of income from operations. We have recorded the service cost component of pension expense in costs of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expenses based on the classification of the employees it relates to. The remaining components of net benefit costs within pension expense, primarily interest costs and expected return on plan assets, are recorded in other expense, net. We recognize net actuarial gains or losses in excess of 10% of the greater of the fair value of plan assets or the plans’ projected benefit obligation (the “corridor”) annually in the fourth quarter of each year. This adjustment is reported in other expense, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Refer to Note 7. Pension Plans to Consolidated Financial Statements. (w) Fair Value Accounting —We classify and disclose assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value in one of the following three categories: Level 1—quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities Level 2—observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data Level 3—unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data Financial and non-financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. (x) Foreign Currency Translation and Remeasurement —Assets and liabilities of operations outside the U.S. with a functional currency other than U.S. dollars are translated into U.S. dollars using year-end exchange rates. Revenue, costs, and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during the year. Foreign currency translation gains and losses are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Foreign currency remeasurement and transaction gains and losses are included in other expense (income). (y) Advertising Costs —Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, total advertising costs totaled $41 million, $37 million, and $43 million, respectively, and are included in selling, general and administrative expense. (z) Income Taxes —Significant judgment is required in evaluating tax positions. We established additional reserves for income taxes when, despite the belief that tax positions are fully supportable, there remain certain positions that do not meet the minimum recognition threshold. The approach for evaluating certain and uncertain tax positions is defined by the authoritative guidance, which determines when a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable taxing authority. In the normal course of business, the Company and our subsidiaries are examined by various federal, state, and foreign tax authorities. We regularly assess the potential outcomes of these examinations and any future examinations for the current or prior years in determining the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. We continually assess the likelihood and amount of potential adjustments and adjust the income tax provision, the current tax liability and deferred taxes in the period in which the facts that give rise to a change in estimate become known. Refer to Note 17. Income Taxes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (aa) Accounting Pronouncements —We consider the applicability and impact of all recent accounting standards updates (“ASU”) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). ASUs not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have an immaterial impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures . This ASU requires entities to disclose, on an annual and interim basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company adopted annual requirements under ASU 2023-07 on January 1, 2024 which has been incorporated into Note 4. Segment Financial Data to Consolidated Financial Statements. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosure (Topic 220): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses . This ASU requires entities to disaggregate operating expenses into specific categories, such as purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and amortization, to provide enhanced transparency into the nature and function of expenses. The guidance is effective for annual reporting years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. We are currently assessing the impact of adoption on our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which includes amendments that further enhance income tax disclosures, primarily through standardization and disaggregation of rate reconciliation categories and income taxes paid by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The amendments may be applied prospectively or retrospectively, and early adoption is permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of the requirements on our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures. |
