Credit Quality of Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 4. Credit Quality of Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level to provide for losses that are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance is based on the Bank’s past loan loss experience, known and inherent losses in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change, including the amounts and timing of future cash flows expected to be received on impaired loans. The allowance consists of specific, general, and unallocated components. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. The general component covers non-impaired loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. An unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio. Determinations as to the classification of assets and the amount of loss allowances are subject to review by our principal federal regulator, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, which can require that we establish additional loss allowances. The Bank regularly reviews its asset portfolio to determine whether any assets require classification in accordance with applicable regulations. A loan is considered past due or delinquent when a contractual payment is not paid on the day it is due. A loan in considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis for all loans secured by real estate by the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. If the loan repayment is not deemed collateral dependent, impairment is measured on the net present value of the expected discounted future cash flows. Loans are automatically placed on non-accrual status when payment of principal or interest is more than 90 days delinquent. Loans are also placed on non-accrual status if collection of principal or interest in full is in doubt or if the loan has been restructured. When loans are placed on non-accrual status, unpaid accrued interest is fully reversed, and further income is recognized only to the extent received. The loan may be returned to accrual status if unpaid principal and interest are repaid so that the loan is less than 90 days delinquent. The Bank’s charge-off policy states after all collection efforts have been exhausted, the loan is deemed to be a loss and the amount has been determined, the loss amount will be charged to the allowance for loan losses. The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for losses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 2018 and for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the distribution of the allowance for loan losses and loans receivable by loan portfolio class and impairment method as of March 31, 2019, March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2018. As of March 31, 2019 One–to Four-Family Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit Construction and Land Nonresidential Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loans losses: Beginning Balance – January 1, 2019 $ 244,781 $ 68,837 $ 185,170 $ 626,031 $ 28,879 $ 6,669 $ 27,985 $ 1,188,352 Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Provision 61,263 (7,115 ) 33,825 5,068 770 (369 ) (3,442 ) 90,000 Ending Balance – March 31, 2019 $ 306,044 $ 61,722 $ 218,995 $ 631,099 $ 29,649 $ 6,300 $ 24,543 $ 1,278,352 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 61,125 $ 1,541 $ 6,074 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 68,740 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 244,919 $ 60,181 $ 212,921 $ 631,099 $ 29,649 $ 6,300 $ 24,543 $ 1,209,612 Loans: Ending balance $ 70,401,955 $ 7,291,555 $ 9,831,129 $ 52,909,540 $ 5,390,814 $ 496,036 $ 146,321,029 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 661,784 $ 127,200 $ 86,728 $ 484,223 $ — $ — $ 1,359,935 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 69,740,171 $ 7,164,355 $ 9,744,401 $ 52,425,317 $ 5,390,814 $ 496,036 $ 144,961,094 As of March 31, 2018 One –to Four-Family Home Equity Construction and Land Nonresidential Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loans losses: Beginning Balance – January 1, 2018 $ 238,148 $ 83,129 $ 173,167 $ 446,576 $ 44,199 $ 15,933 $ 37,253 $ 1,038,405 Charge-offs (30,000 ) — — — — — — (30,000 ) Recoveries — — 8,299 — — — — 8,299 Provision 51,071 (8,518 ) 4,940 34,805 (17,675 ) 250 10,127 75,000 Ending Balance – March 31, 2018 $ 259,219 $ 74,611 $ 186,406 $ 481,381 $ 26,524 $ 16,183 $ 47,380 $ 1,091,704 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 59,152 $ 20,124 $ — $ — $ — $ 6,052 $ — $ 85,328 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 200,067 $ 54,487 $ 186,406 $ 481,381 $ 26,524 $ 10,131 $ 47,380 $ 1,006,376 Loans: Ending balance $ 69,628,606 $ 9,181,975 $ 9,477,151 $ 47,545,898 $ 4,822,632 $ 536,178 $ 141,192,440 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 670,266 $ 66,662 $ 123,338 $ — $ — $ 6,052 $ 866,318 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 68,958,340 $ 9,115,313 $ 9,353,813 $ 47,545,898 $ 4,822,632 $ 530,126 $ 140,326,122 As of December 31, 2018 One –to Four-Family Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit Construction and Land Development Nonresidential Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total Beginning Balance $ 238,148 $ 83,129 $ 173,167 $ 446,576 $ 44,199 $ 15,933 $ 37,253 $ 1,038,405 Charge-offs (88,000 ) (12,013 ) — (335,000 ) — (5,901 ) — (440,914 ) Recoveries 7,562 — 8,299 — — — — 15,861 Provision 87,071 (2,279 ) 3,704 514,455 (15,320 ) (3,363 ) (9,268 ) 575,000 Ending Balance $ 244,781 $ 68,837 $ 185,170 $ 626,031 $ 28,879 $ 6,669 $ 27,985 $ 1,188,352 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 2,089 $ 6,074 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 8,163 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 244,781 $ 66,748 $ 179,096 $ 626,031 $ 28,879 $ 6,669 $ 27,985 $ 1,180,189 Loans: Ending balance $ 70,197,875 $ 7,547,195 $ 8,232,067 $ 51,904,782 $ 5,250,815 $ 529,283 $ 143,662,017 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 585,047 $ 130,795 $ 86,728 $ 484,223 $ — $ — $ 1,286,793 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 69,612,828 $ 7,416,400 $ 8,145,339 $ 51,420,559 $ 5,250,815 $ 529,283 $ 142,375,224 As part of the ongoing monitoring of the credit quality of the Bank’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to the risk grade of classified loans, net chargeoffs, nonperforming loans, credit scores, and the general economic conditions in the Bank’s market area. The Bank utilizes an internal rating system to monitor the credit quality of the overall loan portfolio. A description of the general characteristics is as follows: • Pass – A pass loan is considered of sufficient quality to preclude a special mention or an adverse rating. Pass assets are generally well protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the asset or underlying collateral. The pass classification also includes watch credits which have all of the characteristics of a pass loan, but warrant more than the normal level of supervision. • Special mention – A special mention loan has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or in the Bank’s credit position at some future date. Special mention loans are not adversely classified and do not expose the Bank to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. • Substandard – A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans have a well defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the collection or liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. This will be the measurement for determining if a loan is impaired. • Doubtful – A doubtful loan has all of the weaknesses inherent in a substandard credit with the added factor that the weaknesses make the collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of current information, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loans in this category must be placed on non-accrual status and all payments applied to principal recapture. Doubtful classification should be used only when a distinct possibility of loss exists. When identified, adequate loss should be recorded for the specific assets. It is not necessary to classify an entire credit doubtful when collection of a specific portion appears highly probable. • Loss – A loan classified as loss is considered uncollectable and of such little value that continuance as a loan in unjustified. A loss classification does not mean that the credit has absolutely no value; partial recoveries may be received in the future. Amounts classified as loss must be charged-off in the period in which they are deemed uncollectible. When assets are classified as impaired, the Bank allocates a portion of the related general loss allowances to such assets as the Bank deems prudent. Determinations as to the classification of assets and the amount of loss allowances are subject to review by our principal federal regulator, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, which can require that we establish additional loss allowances. The Bank regularly reviews its asset portfolio to determine whether any assets require classification in accordance with applicable regulations. The following table is a summary of the loan portfolio quality indicators by loan class recorded investment as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018: March 31, 2019 One-to Four-Family Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit Construction and Land Development Nonresidential Grade: Pass $ 69,740,171 $ 7,208,670 $ 8,953,892 $ 50,802,673 Special Mention 82,817 36,805 790,509 1,622,644 Substandard 578,967 46,080 86,728 484,223 Doubtful — — — — $ 70,401,955 $ 7,291,555 $ 9,831,129 $ 52,909,540 Commercial Consumer Totals Grade: Pass $ 5,390,814 $ 496,036 $ 142,592,256 Special Mention — — 2,532,775 Substandard — — 1,195,998 Doubtful — — — $ 5,390,814 $ 496,036 $ 146,321,029 December 31, 2018 One-to Four-Family Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit Construction and Land Development Nonresidential Grade: Pass $ 69,499,216 $ 7,462,230 $ 7,351,165 $ 49,781,890 Special Mention 113,612 — 794,174 1,638,669 Substandard 585,047 84,965 86,728 484,223 Doubtful — — — — $ 70,197,875 $ 7,547,195 $ 8,232,067 $ 51,904,782 Commercial Consumer Totals Grade: Pass $ 5,250,815 $ 529,283 $ 139,874,599 Special Mention — — 2,546,455 Substandard — — 1,240,963 Doubtful — — — $ 5,250,815 $ 529,283 $ 143,662,017 The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our loan portfolio delinquencies by loan class and amount as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018: March 31, 2019 Loans 30-59 Days Past Due Loans 60-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Current Loans Total Loans Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing Nonaccrual Loans Real estate loans: One-to four-family $ 227,312 $ — $ 340,652 $ 567,964 $ 69,833,991 $ 70,401,955 $ — $ 579,810 Home equity loans and lines of credit 46,080 — — 46,080 7,245,475 7,291,555 — 82,885 Construction and land development 790,509 — 86,728 877,237 8,953,892 9,831,129 — 86,728 Nonresidential 1,568,409 — 484,223 2,052,632 50,856,908 52,909,540 — 484,223 Other loans: Commercial — — — — 5,390,814 5,390,814 — — Consumer 137 — — 137 495,899 496,036 — — Total loans $ 2,632,447 $ — $ 911,603 $ 3,544,050 $ 142,776,979 $ 146,321,029 $ — $ 1,233,646 December 31, 2018 Loans 30-59 Days Past Due Loans 60-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Current Loans Total Loans Recorded Investment 90 Days and Accruing Nonaccrual Loans Real estate loans: One-to four-family $ 101,183 $ 158,134 $ 343,651 $ 602,968 $ 69,594,907 $ 70,197,875 $ — $ 585,047 Home equity loans and lines of credit 35,606 — 48,005 83,611 7,463,584 7,547,195 — 84,965 Construction and land development 86,728 — — 86,728 8,145,339 8,232,067 — 86,728 Nonresidential — — 484,223 484,223 51,420,559 51,904,782 — 484,223 Other loans: Commercial — — — — 5,250,815 5,250,815 — — Consumer 233 — — 233 529,050 529,283 — — Total loans $ 223,750 $ 158,134 $ 875,879 $ 1,257,763 $ 142,404,254 $ 143,662,017 $ — $ 1,240,963 At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 there were no loans 90 days past due and still accruing interest. At March 31, 2019, the Bank had ten loans on non-accrual status with foregone interest in the amount of $45,952. At December 31, 2018, the Bank had ten loans on non-accrual status with foregone interest in the amount of $36,054. The Bank accounts for impaired loans under generally accepted accounting principles. An impaired loan generally is one for which it is probable, based on current information, that the lender will not collect all the amounts due under the contractual terms of the loan. Loans are individually evaluated for impairment. When the Bank classifies a problem asset as impaired, it provides a specific reserve for that portion of the asset that is deemed uncollectible based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate, or based on the loan’s observable market price or fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. The following table is a summary of impaired loans for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 and the year ended and December 31, 2018: Impaired Loans at March 31, 2019 Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance recorded: One-to four-family $ 459,430 $ 463,756 $ — $ 462,049 $ 5,301 Home equity loans and lines of credit 82,885 82,885 — 83,925 1,934 Nonresidential 484,223 871,107 — 484,223 — With an allowance recorded: One-to four-family $ 202,354 $ 263,605 $ 61,125 $ 202,601 $ 1,337 Home equity loans and lines of credit 44,315 44,315 1,541 45,073 875 Construction and land development 86,728 86,728 6,074 86,728 — Total One-to four-family $ 661,784 $ 727,361 $ 61,125 $ 664,650 $ 6,638 Home equity loans and lines of credit 127,200 127,200 1,541 128,998 2,809 Construction and land development 86,728 86,728 6,074 86,728 — Nonresidential 484,223 871,107 — 484,223 — Impaired Loans at March 31, 2018 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance recorded: One-to four-family $ 490,473 $ 501,540 $ — $ 507,550 $ 7,425 Construction and land development 123,338 128,832 — 123,338 — With an allowance recorded: One-to four-family $ 179,793 $ 183,958 $ 59,152 $ 180,212 $ 1,916 Home equity loans and lines of credit 66,662 66,810 20,124 67,997 1,229 Consumer 6,052 6,093 6,052 6,165 158 Total One-to four-family $ 670,266 $ 685,498 $ 59,152 $ 687,762 $ 9,341 Home equity loans and lines of credit 66,662 66,810 20,124 67,997 1,229 Construction and land development 123,338 128,832 — 123,338 — Consumer 6,052 6,093 6,052 6,165 158 December 31, 2018 Recorded Unpaid Principal Related Average Recorded Interest Income Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized With no related allowance recorded: One-to four-family $ 585,047 $ 650,982 $ — $ 622,738 $ 22,214 Home equity loans and lines of credit 84,965 84,965 — 86,032 3,197 Nonresidential 484,223 872,655 — 847,383 26,452 With an allowance recorded: Home equity loans and lines of credit $ 45,830 $ 45,869 $ 2,089 $ 47,459 $ 2,743 Construction and land development 86,728 86,728 6,074 87,542 3,916 Total One-to four-family $ 585,047 $ 650,982 $ — $ 622,738 $ 22,214 Home equity loans and lines of credit 130,795 130,834 2,089 133,491 5,940 Construction and land development 86,728 86,728 6,074 87,542 3,916 Nonresidential 484,223 872,655 — 847,383 26,452 Impaired loans also include certain loans that have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring (a “TDR”) to make concessions to help a borrower remain current on the loan and/or to avoid foreclosure. These concessions typically result from the Bank’s loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions. Generally nonaccrual loans that are modified and are considered TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of the restructure and may only be returned to performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally six months. A summary of TDRs at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows: March 31, 2019 Number of Contracts Performing Nonperforming Total One-to four-family 1 $ — $ 120,380 $ 120,380 Home equity loans and lines of credit 1 44,315 — 44,315 Construction and land development — — — — Nonresidential — — — — Commercial — — — — Consumer — — — — 2 $ 44,315 $ 120,380 $ 164,695 December 31, 2018 Number of Contracts Performing Nonperforming Total One-to four-family 1 $ — $ 120,380 $ 120,380 Home equity loans and lines of credit 1 45,830 — 45,830 Construction and land development — — — — Nonresidential — — — — Commercial — — — — Consumer — — — — 2 $ 45,830 $ 120,380 $ 166,210 The Bank had two TDRs at March 31, 2019 totaling $164,695 and two TDRs at December 31, 2018 totaling $166,210. The Bank has no commitments to loan additional funds to borrowers whose loans have been modified. There were no nonperforming TDRs reclassified to nonperforming loans during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. A default is considered to have occurred once the TDR is past due 90 days or more, or it has been placed on nonaccrual. If loans modified in a TDR subsequently default, the Bank evaluates the loan for possible further impairment. The allowance may be increased, adjustments may be made in the allocation of the allowance, or partial charge-offs may be taken to further write-down the carrying value of the loan. |