Credit Quality of Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 4 . Credit Quality of Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level to provide for losses that are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance is based on the Bank’s past loan loss experience, known and inherent losses in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change, including the amounts and timing of future cash flows expected to be received on impaired loans. The allowance consists of specific, general, and unallocated components. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. The general component covers non-impaired loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. An unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio. Determinations as to the classification of assets and the amount of loss allowances are subject to review by our principal federal regulator, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, which can require that we establish additional loss allowances. The Bank regularly reviews its asset portfolio to determine whether any assets require classification in accordance with applicable regulations. Note 4. Credit Quality of Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued) A loan is considered past due or delinquent when a contractual payment is not paid on the day it is due. A loan in considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis for all loans secured by real estate by the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. If the loan repayment is not deemed collateral dependent, impairment is measured on the net present value of the expected discounted future cash flows. Loans are automatically placed on non-accrual status when payment of principal or interest is more than 90 days delinquent. Loans are also placed on non-accrual status if collection of principal or interest in full is in doubt or if the loan has been restructured. When loans are placed on non-accrual status, unpaid accrued interest is fully reversed, and further income is recognized only to the extent received. The loan may be returned to accrual status if unpaid principal and interest are repaid so that the loan is less than 90 days delinquent. The Bank’s charge-off policy states after all collection efforts have been exhausted, the loan is deemed to be a loss and the amount has been determined, the loss amount will be charged to the allowance for loan losses. The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 and for the year ended December 31, 2019 and the distribution of the allowance for loan losses and loans receivable by loan portfolio class and impairment method as of September 30, 2020, September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2019. Note 4. Credit Quality of Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued) As of September 30, 2020 One –to Four- Family Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit Construction and Land Development Nonresidential Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loans losses Beginning Balance – July 1, 2020 $ 392,464 $ 69,399 $ 203,512 $ 865,760 $ 90,880 $ 5,173 $ 73,663 $ 1,700,851 Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Recoveries — 1,091 — — — — — 1,091 Provision (34,396) (4,460 ) 33,290 29,089 3,963 (749 ) (1,737 ) 25,000 Ending Balance – September 30, 2020 $ 358,068 $ 66,030 $ 236,802 $ 894,849 $ 94,843 $ 4,424 $ 71,926 $ 1,726,942 Beginning Balance – January 1, 2020 $ 331,605 $ 62,603 $ 179,541 $ 683,453 $ 55,571 $ 6,950 $ 59,427 $ 1,379,150 Charge-offs — — (263 ) — — (3,633 ) — (3,896 ) Recoveries — 1,688 — — — — — 1,688 Provision 26,463 1,739 57,524 211,396 39,272 1,107 12,499 350,000 Ending Balance – September 30, 2020 $ 358,068 $ 66,030 $ 236,802 $ 894,849 $ 94,843 $ 4,424 $ 71,926 $ 1,726,942 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 270 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 270 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 358,068 $ 65,760 $ 236,802 $ 894,849 $ 94,843 $ 4,424 $ 71,926 $ 1,726,672 Loans: Ending balance $ 68,013,481 $ 7,129,108 $ 10,862,487 $ 59,007,384 $ 15,907,233 $ 388,058 $ 161,307,751 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 453,557 $ 58,152 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 511,709 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 67,559,924 $ 7,070,956 $ 10,862,487 $ 59,007,384 $ 15,907,233 $ 388,058 $ 160,796,042 Note 4. Credit Quality of Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued) As of September 30, 2019 One –to Four- Family Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit Construction and Land Development Nonresidential Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loans losses: Beginning Balance – July 1, 2019 $ 340,637 $ 60,589 $ 165,934 $ 583,285 $ 55,079 $ 6,404 $ 76,588 $ 1,288,516 Charge-offs (40,275 ) — — — — — — (40,275 ) Recoveries — — — 114,470 — — — 114,470 Reversal of provision 21,542 (5,436 ) 17,464 (94,637 ) (1,527 ) 504 2,090 (60,000 ) Ending Balance – September 30, 2019 $ 321,904 $ 55,153 $ 183,398 $ 603,118 $ 53,552 $ 6,908 $ 78,678 $ 1,302,711 Beginning Balance – January 1, 2019 $ 244,781 $ 68,837 $ 185,170 $ 626,031 $ 28,879 $ 6,669 $ 27,985 $ 1,188,352 Charge-offs (90,111 ) — — — — — — (90,111 ) Recoveries — — — 114,470 — — — 114,470 Provision 167,234 (13,684 ) (1,772 ) (137,383 ) 24,673 239 50,693 90,000 Ending Balance – September 30, 2019 $ 321,904 $ 55,153 $ 183,398 $ 603,118 $ 53,552 $ 6,908 $ 78,678 $ 1,302,711 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 737 $ 13,184 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 13,921 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 321,904 $ 54,416 $ 170,214 $ 603,118 $ 53,552 $ 6,908 $ 78,678 $ 1,288,790 Loans: Ending balance $ 70,415,865 $ 6,889,663 $ 9,089,247 $ 53,585,416 $ 6,694,040 $ 543,943 $ 147,218,174 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 310,585 $ 87,601 $ 826,438 $ 1,592,485 $ — $ — $ 2,817,109 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 70,105,280 $ 6,802,062 $ 8,262,809 $ 51,992,931 $ 6,694,040 $ 543,943 $ 144,401,065 Note 4. Credit Quality of Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued) As of December 31 One –to Four- Family Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit Construction and Land Development Nonresidential Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total Beginning Balance – January 1, 2019 $ 244,781 $ 68,837 $ 185,170 $ 626,031 $ 28,879 $ 6,669 $ 27,985 $ 1,188,352 Charge-offs (90,111 ) — (11,000 ) — — — — (101,111 ) Recoveries — 2,439 — 114,470 — — — 116,909 Provision 176,935 (8,673 ) 5,371 (57,048 ) 26,692 281 31,442 175,000 Ending Balance – December 31, 2019 $ 331,605 $ 62,603 $ 179,541 $ 683,453 $ 55,571 $ 6,950 $ 59,427 $ 1,379,150 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 681 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 681 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 331,605 $ 61,922 $ 179,541 $ 683,453 $ 55,571 $ 6,950 $ 59,427 $ 1,378,469 Loans: Ending balance $ 74,655,376 $ 7,488,348 $ 9,260,520 $ 61,012,514 $ 6,946,372 $ 522,566 $ 159,885,696 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 337,984 $ 116,721 $ 791,625 $ 1,581,818 $ — $ — $ 2,828,148 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 74,317,392 $ 7,371,627 $ 8,468,895 $ 59,430,696 $ 6,946,372 $ 522,566 $ 157,057,548 Note 4. Credit Quality of Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued) As part of the ongoing monitoring of the credit quality of the Bank’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to the risk grade of classified loans, net chargeoffs, nonperforming loans, credit scores, and the general economic conditions in the Bank’s market area. The Bank utilizes an internal rating system to monitor the credit quality of the overall loan portfolio. A description of the general characteristics is as follows: • Pass – A pass loan is considered of sufficient quality to preclude a special mention or an adverse rating. Pass assets are generally well protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the asset or underlying collateral. The pass classification also includes watch credits which have all of the characteristics of a pass loan but warrant more than the normal level of supervision. • Special mention – A special mention loan has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or in the Bank’s credit position at some future date. Special mention loans are not adversely classified and do not expose the Bank to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. • Substandard – A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the collection or liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. This will be the measurement for determining if a loan is impaired. • Doubtful – A doubtful loan has all of the weaknesses inherent in a substandard credit with the added factor that the weaknesses make the collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of current information, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loans in this category must be placed on non-accrual status and all payments applied to principal recapture. Doubtful classification should be used only when a distinct possibility of loss exists. When identified, adequate loss should be recorded for the specific assets. It is not necessary to classify an entire credit doubtful when collection of a specific portion appears highly probable. • Loss – A loan classified as loss is considered uncollectable and of such little value that continuance as a loan in unjustified. A loss classification does not mean that the credit has absolutely no value; partial recoveries may be received in the future. Amounts classified as loss must be charged-off in the period in which they are deemed uncollectible. When assets are classified as impaired, the Bank allocates a portion of the related general loss allowances to such assets as the Bank deems prudent. Determinations as to the classification of assets and the amount of loss allowances are subject to review by our principal federal regulator, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, which can require that we establish additional loss allowances. The Bank regularly reviews its asset portfolio to determine whether any assets require classification in accordance with applicable regulations. Note 4. Credit Quality of Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued) The following table is a summary of the loan portfolio quality indicators by loan class recorded investment as of September September 30, 2020 One-to Four-Family Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit Construction and Land Development Nonresidential Grade: Pass $ 67,559,924 $ 7,107,800 $ 10,862,487 $ 59,007,384 Special Mention — — — — Substandard 453,557 21,308 — — Doubtful — — — — $ 68,013,481 $ 7,129,108 $ 10,862,487 $ 59,007,384 Commercial Consumer Totals Grade: Pass $ 15,907,233 $ 388,058 $ 160,832,886 Special Mention — — — Substandard — — 474,865 Doubtful — — — $ 15,907,233 $ 388,058 $ 161,307,751 December 31, 2019 One-to Four-Family Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit Construction and Land Development Nonresidential Grade: Pass $ 73,856,550 $ 7,412,069 $ 8,468,895 $ 59,430,696 Special Mention 460,842 — — — Substandard 337,984 76,279 791,625 1,581,818 Doubtful — — — — $ 74,655,376 $ 7,488,348 $ 9,260,520 $ 61,012,514 Commercial Consumer Totals Grade: Pass $ 6,946,372 $ 522,566 $ 156,637,148 Special Mention — — 460,842 Substandard — — 2,787,706 Doubtful — — — $ 6,946,372 $ 522,566 $ 159,885,696 Note 4. Credit Quality of Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued) The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our loan portfolio delinquencies by loan class and amount as of September September 30, 2020 Loans 30-59 Days Past Due Loans 60-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Current Loans Total Loans Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing Nonaccrual Loans Real estate loans: One-to four-family $ — $ — $ 180,974 $ 180,974 $ 67,832,507 $ 68,013,481 $ — $ 453,557 Home equity loans and lines of credit — — — — 7, 129,108 7,129,108 — 21,308 Construction and land development — — — — 10,862,487 10,862,487 — — Nonresidential — — — — 59,007,384 59,007,384 — — Other loans: Commercial — — — — 15,907,233 15,907,233 — — Consumer — — — — 388,058 388,058 — — Total loans $ — $ — $ 180,974 $ 180,974 $ 161,126,777 $ 161,307,751 $ — $ 474,865 December 31, 2019 Loans 30-59 Days Past Due Loans 60-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Current Loans Total Loans Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing Nonaccrual Loans Real estate loans: One-to four-family $ 220,316 $ — $ 337,984 $ 558,300 $ 74,097,076 $ 74,655,376 $ — $ 337,984 Home equity loans and lines of credit 169,329 — 76,279 245,608 7,242,740 7,488,348 — 76,279 Construction and land development — — 75,728 75,728 9,184,792 9,260,520 — 75,728 Nonresidential — — — — 61,012,514 61,012,514 — — Other loans: Commercial 31,510 — — 31,510 6,914,862 6,946,372 — — Consumer 24,759 — — 24,759 497,807 522,566 — — Total loans $ 445,914 $ — $ 489,991 $ 935,905 $ 158,949,791 $ 159,885,696 $ — $ 489,991 Note 4. Credit Quality of Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued) At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 there were no loans 90 days past due and still accruing interest. At September 30, 2020, the Bank had six loans on non-accrual status with foregone interest in the amount of $9,085. At December 31, 2019, the Bank had seven loans on non-accrual status with foregone interest in the amount of $17,925. The CARES Act provided financial institutions the option, which the Bank has elected to apply, to temporarily suspend certain requirements under U.S. GAAP relating to TDRs for a limited period of time to account for the effects of COVID-19. Financial institutions were encouraged to work prudently with borrowers who are or may be unable to meet their contractual obligations because of the effects of COVID-19. Financial institutions generally do not need to categorize a COVID-19 related short-term modification as a TDR as long as the borrower was not experiencing financial difficulty prior to the effects of COVID-19. As of September 30, 2020, the Bank had received and approved requests to modify 61 loans due to the effects of COVID-19. The Bank’s modifications primarily consist of interest only payments with the deferral of principal for up to six months, dependent on the borrower and their financial situation. The breakdown of loan modifications due to the effects of COVID-19 by loan category is as follows: Number of loans Balance Real estate loans One-to four-family 21 $ 4,125,400 Home equity loans and lines of credit 3 262,854 Construction and land development 3 1,307,555 Nonresidential 24 18,442,953 Total real estate loans 51 24,138,762 Other loans Commercial 8 1,798,718 Consumer 2 53,959 Total other loans 10 1,852,677 Total loans 61 $ 25,991,439 Of the 61 loans modified due to the effects of COVID-19, all loans were in compliance with their loan modification agreements at September 30, 2020. The Bank accounts for impaired loans under U.S.GAAP An impaired loan generally is one for which it is probable, based on current information, that the lender will not collect all the amounts due under the contractual terms of the loan. Loans are individually evaluated for impairment. When the Bank classifies a problem asset as impaired, it provides a specific reserve for that portion of the asset that is deemed uncollectible based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate, or based on the loan’s observable market price or fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Note 4. Credit Quality of Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued) The following table is a summary of impaired loans for the three and nine months ended September 30 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Impaired Loans at September 30, 2020 September 30, 2020 September 30, 2020 Unpaid Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Principal Related Recorded Income Recorded Income Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized Investment Recognized With no related allowance recorded: One-to four-family $ 453,557 $ 456,743 $ — $ 462,253 $ 8,183 $ 465,420 $ 17,363 Home equity loans and lines of credit 21,308 21,308 — 22,110 423 22,339 593 With an allowance recorded: Home equity loans and lines of credit $ 36,844 $ 36,844 $ 270 $ 36,851 $ 586 $ 38,643 $ 1,733 Total One-to four-family $ 453,557 $ 456,743 $ — $ 462,253 $ 8,183 $ 465,420 $ 17,363 Home equity loans and lines of credit 58,152 58,152 270 58,961 1,009 60,982 2,326 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Impaired Loans at September 30, 2019 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2019 Unpaid Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Principal Related Recorded Income Recorded Income Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized Investment Recognized With no related allowance recorded: One-to four-family $ 310,585 $ 314,605 $ — $ 311,238 $ 1,882 $ 314,072 $ 7,997 Home equity loans and lines of credit 46,080 46,080 — 46,080 668 47,043 1,408 Construction and land development 739,710 739,710 — 750,741 14,145 766,942 42,085 Nonresidential 1,592,485 1,592,485 — 1,600,167 16,673 1,615,077 49,542 With an allowance recorded: Home equity loans and lines of credit $ 41,521 $ 41,521 $ 737 $ 42,362 $ 659 $ 43,676 $ 2,202 Construction and land development 86,728 86,728 13,184 86,728 — 86,728 — Total One-to four-family $ 310,585 $ 314,605 $ — $ 311,238 $ 1,882 $ 314,072 $ 7,997 Home equity loans and lines of credit 87,601 87,601 737 88,441 659 90,718 3,610 Construction and land development 826,438 826,438 13,184 837,469 14,145 853,670 42,085 Nonresidential 1,592,485 1,592,485 — 1,600,167 16,673 1,615,077 49,542 Note 4. Credit Quality of Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued) Impaired Loans at December 31, 2019 Unpaid Average Interest Recorded Principal Related Recorded Income Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized With no related allowance recorded: One-to four-family $ 337,984 $ 342,345 $ — $ 342,907 $ 11,765 Home equity loans and lines of credit 76,279 76,279 — 82,117 2,727 Construction and land development 791,625 802,625 836,264 54,478 Nonresidential 1,581,818 1,581,818 — 1,609,744 61,141 With an allowance recorded: Home equity loans and lines of credit $ 40,442 $ 40,442 $ 681 $ 43,136 $ 2,964 Total One-to four-family $ 337,984 $ 342,345 $ — $ 342,907 $ 11,765 Home equity loans and lines of credit 116,721 116,721 681 125,252 5,691 Construction and land development 791,625 802,625 — 836,264 54,478 Nonresidential 1,581,818 1,581,818 — 1,609,744 61,141 Impaired loans also include certain loans that have been modified in a TDR to make concessions to help a borrower remain current on the loan and/or to avoid foreclosure. These concessions typically result from the Bank’s loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions. Generally, nonaccrual loans that are modified and are considered TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of the restructure and may only be returned to performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally six months. A summary of TDRs at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows: September 30, 2020 Number of Contracts Performing Nonperforming Total Home equity loans and lines of credit 1 $ 36,844 $ — $ 36,844 December 31, 2019 Number of Contracts Performing Nonperforming Total Home equity loans and lines of credit 1 $ 40,442 $ — $ 40,442 The Bank had one TDR at September 30, 2020 totaling $36,844 and one TDR at December 31, 2019 totaling $40,442. The Bank has no commitments to loan additional funds to borrowers whose loans have been modified. There were no nonperforming TDRs reclassified to nonperforming loans during the three and nine months ended September A default is considered to have occurred once the TDR is past due 90 days or more, or it has been placed on nonaccrual. If loans modified in a TDR subsequently default, the Bank evaluates the loan for possible further impairment. The allowance may be increased, adjustments may be made in the allocation of the allowance, or partial charge-offs may be taken to further write-down the carrying value of the loan |