Fair Value | Note 7—Fair Value Most of the Company’s assets and certain of its liabilities are measured at or based on their fair values. The Company groups its assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the observability of the significant inputs used to determine the fair values. These levels are: ● Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. ● Level 2—Prices determined using other significant observable inputs. Observable inputs are inputs that other market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. ● Level 3— Prices determined using significant unobservable inputs. In situations where observable inputs are unavailable, unobservable inputs may be used. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own judgments about the factors that market participants use in pricing an asset or liability, and are based on the best information available in the circumstances. As a result of the difficulty in observing certain significant valuation inputs affecting “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities, the Company is required to make judgments regarding these items’ fair values. Different persons in possession of the same facts may reasonably arrive at different conclusions as to the inputs to be applied in valuing these assets and liabilities and their fair values. Such differences may result in significantly different fair value measurements. Likewise, due to the general illiquidity of some of these assets and liabilities, subsequent transactions may be at values significantly different from those reported. The Company reclassifies its assets and liabilities between levels of the fair value hierarchy when the inputs required to establish fair value at a level of the fair value hierarchy are no longer readily available, requiring the use of lower-level inputs, or when the inputs required to establish fair value at a higher level of the hierarchy become available. Fair Value Accounting Elections The Company identified its MSRs, its mortgage servicing liabilities (“MSLs”) and all of its non-cash financial assets to be accounted for at fair value so changes in fair value will be reflected in income as they occur and more timely reflect the results of the Company’s performance. Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Following is a summary of assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis: September 30, 2024 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in thousands) Assets: Short-term investment $ 667,934 $ — $ — $ 667,934 Principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities — 960,267 — 960,267 Loans held for sale — 6,131,830 433,874 6,565,704 Derivative assets: Interest rate lock commitments — — 120,837 120,837 Forward purchase contracts — 10,878 — 10,878 Forward sales contracts — 57,180 — 57,180 MBS put options — 1,892 — 1,892 Put options on interest rate futures purchase contracts 20,797 — — 20,797 Call options on interest rate futures purchase contracts 35,109 — — 35,109 Total derivative assets before netting 55,906 69,950 120,837 246,693 Netting — — — (56,081) Total derivative assets 55,906 69,950 120,837 190,612 Mortgage servicing rights — — 7,752,292 7,752,292 Investment in PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust 1,070 — — 1,070 $ 724,910 $ 7,162,047 $ 8,307,003 $ 16,137,879 Liabilities: Derivative liabilities: Interest rate lock commitments $ — $ — $ 2,222 $ 2,222 Forward purchase contracts — 50,487 — 50,487 Forward sales contracts — 36,855 — 36,855 Call options on interest rate futures sale contracts 13,672 — — 13,672 Total derivative liabilities before netting 13,672 87,342 2,222 103,236 Netting — — — (61,765) Total derivative liabilities 13,672 87,342 2,222 41,471 Mortgage servicing liabilities — — 1,718 1,718 $ 13,672 $ 87,342 $ 3,940 $ 43,189 December 31, 2023 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in thousands) Assets: Short-term investment $ 10,268 $ — $ — $ 10,268 Loans held for sale — 3,942,127 478,564 4,420,691 Derivative assets: Interest rate lock commitments — — 90,313 90,313 Forward purchase contracts — 78,448 — 78,448 Forward sales contracts — 6,151 — 6,151 MBS put options — 413 — 413 MBS call options — 6,265 — 6,265 Put options on interest rate futures purchase contracts 11,043 — — 11,043 Call options on interest rate futures purchase contracts 66,176 — — 66,176 Total derivative assets before netting 77,219 91,277 90,313 258,809 Netting — — — (79,730) Total derivative assets 77,219 91,277 90,313 179,079 Mortgage servicing rights — — 7,099,348 7,099,348 Investment in PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust 1,121 — — 1,121 $ 88,608 $ 4,033,404 $ 7,668,225 $ 11,710,507 Liabilities: Derivative liabilities: Interest rate lock commitments $ — $ — $ 720 $ 720 Forward purchase contracts — 5,141 — 5,141 Forward sales contracts — 92,796 — 92,796 Call options on interest rate futures sales contracts 3,209 — — 3,209 Total derivative liabilities before netting 3,209 97,937 720 101,866 Netting — — — (48,591) Total derivative liabilities 3,209 97,937 720 53,275 Mortgage servicing liabilities — — 1,805 1,805 $ 3,209 $ 97,937 $ 2,525 $ 55,080 As shown above, certain of the Company’s loans held for sale, interest rate lock commitments (“IRLCs”), MSRs and MSLs are measured using Level 3 fair value inputs. Following are roll forwards of assets and liabilities measured at fair value using “Level 3” inputs at either the beginning or the end of the period presented: Quarter ended September 30, 2024 Interest Mortgage Loans held rate lock servicing Assets for sale commitments, net (1) rights Total (in thousands) Balance, June 30, 2024 $ 400,076 $ 68,752 $ 7,923,078 $ 8,391,906 Purchases and issuances, net 1,013,520 246,391 — 1,259,911 Capitalization of interest and servicing advances 15,282 — — 15,282 Sales and repayments (384,101) — — (384,101) Mortgage servicing rights resulting from loan sales — — 578,982 578,982 Changes in fair value included in income arising from: Changes in instrument-specific credit risk 36,968 — — 36,968 Other factors 367 150,334 (628,248) (477,547) 37,335 150,334 (628,248) (440,579) Transfers: From Level 3 to Level 2 (648,238) — — (648,238) To loans held for sale — (346,862) — (346,862) Exchange of mortgage servicing spread for interest-only stripped mortgage-backed securities — — (121,520) (121,520) Balance, September 30, 2024 $ 433,874 $ 118,615 $ 7,752,292 $ 8,304,781 Changes in fair value recognized during the quarter relating to assets still held at September 30, 2024 $ 29,833 $ 118,615 $ (615,931) $ (467,483) (1) For the purpose of this table, the IRLC asset and liability positions are shown net. Quarter ended Liabilities September 30, 2024 (in thousands) Mortgage servicing liabilities: Balance, June 30, 2024 $ 1,708 Changes in fair value included in income 10 Balance, September 30, 2024 $ 1,718 Changes in fair value recognized during the quarter relating to liabilities still outstanding at September 30, 2024 $ 10 Quarter ended September 30, 2023 Interest Mortgage Loans held rate lock servicing Assets for sale commitments, net (1) rights Total (in thousands) Balance, June 30, 2023 $ 392,758 $ 30,636 $ 6,510,585 $ 6,933,979 Purchases and issuances, net 681,022 46,991 — 728,013 Capitalization of interest and servicing advances 10,770 — — 10,770 Sales and repayments (202,892) — (73) (202,965) Mortgage servicing rights resulting from loan sales — — 450,936 450,936 Changes in fair value included in income arising from: Changes in instrument-specific credit risk 15,520 — — 15,520 Other factors (1,831) (32,161) 220,974 186,982 13,689 (32,161) 220,974 202,502 Transfers: From Level 3 to Level 2 (496,019) — — (496,019) To real estate acquired in settlement of loans (144) — — (144) To loans held for sale — (24,692) — (24,692) Exchange of mortgage servicing spread for interest-only stripped mortgage-backed securities — — (98,066) (98,066) Balance, September 30, 2023 $ 399,184 $ 20,774 $ 7,084,356 $ 7,504,314 Changes in fair value recognized during the quarter relating to assets still held at September 30, 2023 $ 6,519 $ 20,774 $ 220,974 $ 248,267 (1) For the purpose of this table, the IRLC asset and liability positions are shown net. Liabilities Quarter ended September 30, 2023 (in thousands) Mortgage servicing liabilities: Balance, June 30, 2023 $ 1,940 Changes in fair value included in income (122) Balance, September 30, 2023 $ 1,818 Changes in fair value recognized during the quarter relating to liabilities still outstanding at September 30, 2023 $ (122) Nine months ended September 30, 2024 Interest Mortgage Loans held rate lock servicing Assets for sale commitments, net (1) rights Total (in thousands) Balance, December 31, 2023 $ 478,564 $ 89,593 $ 7,099,348 $ 7,667,505 Purchases and issuances, net 2,873,461 474,903 — 3,348,364 Capitalization of interest and servicing advances 40,618 — — 40,618 Sales and repayments (1,125,088) — — (1,125,088) Mortgage servicing rights resulting from loan sales — — 1,532,709 1,532,709 Changes in fair value included in income arising from: Changes in instrument-specific credit risk 82,121 — — 82,121 Other factors (741) 181,400 (758,245) (577,586) 81,380 181,400 (758,245) (495,465) Transfers: From Level 3 to Level 2 (1,915,061) — — (1,915,061) To loans held for sale — (627,281) — (627,281) Exchange of mortgage servicing spread for interest-only stripped mortgage-backed securities — — (121,520) (121,520) Balance, September 30, 2024 $ 433,874 $ 118,615 $ 7,752,292 $ 8,304,781 Changes in fair value recognized during the period relating to assets still held at September 30, 2024 $ 28,536 $ 118,615 $ (752,232) $ (605,081) (1) For the purpose of this table, the IRLC asset and liability positions are shown net. Nine months ended Liabilities September 30, 2024 (in thousands) Mortgage servicing liabilities: Balance, December 31, 2023 $ 1,805 Changes in fair value included in income (87) Balance, September 30, 2024 $ 1,718 Changes in fair value recognized during the period relating to liabilities still outstanding at September 30, 2024 $ (87) Nine months ended September 30, 2023 Interest Mortgage Loans held rate lock servicing Assets for sale commitments, net (1) rights Total (in thousands) Balance, December 31, 2022 $ 345,772 $ 25,844 $ 5,953,621 $ 6,325,237 Purchases and issuances, net 1,733,158 177,377 — 1,910,535 Capitalization of interest and servicing advances 31,608 — — 31,608 Sales and repayments (472,039) — (305) (472,344) Mortgage servicing rights resulting from loan sales — — 1,299,992 1,299,992 Changes in fair value included in income arising from: Changes in instrument-specific credit risk 36,014 — — 36,014 Other factors (1,967) 18,559 (70,886) (54,294) 34,047 18,559 (70,886) (18,280) Transfers: From Level 3 to Level 2 (1,272,912) — — (1,272,912) To real estate acquired in settlement of loans (450) — — (450) To loans held for sale — (201,006) — (201,006) Exchange of mortgage servicing spread for interest-only stripped mortgage-backed securities — — (98,066) (98,066) Balance, September 30, 2023 $ 399,184 $ 20,774 $ 7,084,356 $ 7,504,314 Changes in fair value recognized during the period relating to assets still held at September 30, 2023 $ 10,465 $ 20,774 $ (70,886) $ (39,647) (1) For the purpose of this table, the IRLC asset and liability positions are shown net. Liabilities Nine months ended September 30, 2023 (in thousands) Mortgage servicing liabilities: Balance, December 31, 2022 $ 2,096 Changes in fair value included in income (278) Balance, September 30, 2023 $ 1,818 Changes in fair value recognized during the period relating to liabilities still outstanding at September 30, 2023 $ (278) The Company had transfers among the fair value levels arising from the return to salability in the active secondary market of certain loans held for sale and from transfers of IRLCs to Loans held for sale at fair value Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value under the Fair Value Option Net changes in fair values included in income for assets and liabilities carried at fair value, as a result of management’s election of the fair value option, by income statement line item are summarized below: Quarter ended September 30, 2024 2024 2023 Net gains on Net Net gains on Net loans held loan loans held loan for sale at servicing for sale at servicing fair value fees Total fair value fees Total (in thousands) Assets: Principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities $ — $ 48,969 $ 48,969 $ — $ — $ — Loans held for sale 425,501 — 425,501 762 — 762 Mortgage servicing rights — (628,248) (628,248) — 220,974 220,974 $ 425,501 $ (579,279) $ (153,778) $ 762 $ 220,974 $ 221,736 Liabilities: Mortgage servicing liabilities $ — $ (10) $ (10) $ — $ 122 $ 122 Nine months ended September 30, 2024 2023 Net gains on Net Net gains on Net loans held loan loans held loan for sale at servicing for sale at servicing fair value fees Total fair value fees Total (in thousands) Assets: Principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities $ — $ 32,198 $ 32,198 $ — $ — $ — Loans held for sale 679,704 — 679,704 187,462 — 187,462 Mortgage servicing rights — (758,245) (758,245) — (70,886) (70,886) $ 679,704 $ (726,047) $ (46,343) $ 187,462 $ (70,886) $ 116,576 Liabilities: Mortgage servicing liabilities $ — $ 87 $ 87 $ — $ 278 $ 278 Following are the fair value and related principal amounts due upon maturity of loans held for sale: September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Principal Principal amount amount Fair due upon Fair due upon Loans held for sale value maturity Difference value maturity Difference (in thousands) Current through 89 days delinquent $ 6,531,836 $ 6,325,838 $ 205,998 $ 4,378,042 $ 4,233,764 $ 144,278 90 days or more delinquent: Not in foreclosure 29,485 31,884 (2,399) 35,253 38,922 (3,669) In foreclosure 4,383 9,065 (4,682) 7,396 22,003 (14,607) $ 6,565,704 $ 6,366,787 $ 198,917 $ 4,420,691 $ 4,294,689 $ 126,002 Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis Following is a summary of assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis: Real estate acquired in settlement of loans Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in thousands) September 30, 2024 $ — $ — $ 6,687 $ 6,687 December 31, 2023 $ — $ — $ 2,669 $ 2,669 The following table summarizes the losses recognized on assets when they were remeasured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis: Quarter ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 (in thousands) Real estate acquired in settlement of loans $ (1,758) $ (494) $ (2,804) $ (791) Fair Value of Financial Instruments Carried at Amortized Cost The Company’s Assets sold under agreements to repurchase Mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements, Notes payable secured by mortgage servicing assets Unsecured senior notes These liabilities are classified as “Level 3” fair value items due to the Company’s reliance on unobservable inputs to estimate their fair values. The Company has concluded that the fair values of these liabilities other than term notes and term loans included in Notes payable secured by mortgage servicing assets Unsecured senior notes The Company estimates the fair value of the term notes, term loans and the Unsecured senior notes September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Fair value Carrying value Fair value Carrying value (in thousands) Term notes and term loans $ 1,742,421 $ 1,723,632 $ 1,730,000 $ 1,724,290 Unsecured senior notes $ 3,235,284 $ 3,162,239 $ 2,467,750 $ 2,519,651 Valuation Governance Most of the Company’s non-cash financial assets, and all of its derivatives, MSRs and MSLs, are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in current period income. Certain of the Company’s financial assets and derivatives and all of its MSRs and MSLs are “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities which require use of unobservable inputs that are significant to the estimation of the items’ fair values. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own judgments about the factors that market participants use in pricing an asset or liability, and are based on the best information available under the circumstances. Due to the difficulty in estimating the fair values of “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities, the Company has assigned responsibility for estimating the fair values of these assets and liabilities to specialized staff within its capital markets group and subjects the valuation process to significant senior management oversight. With respect to “Level 3” valuations other than IRLCs, the capital markets valuation staff group reports to the Company’s senior management valuation committee, which oversees the valuations. Capital markets valuation staff monitors the models used for valuation of the Company’s “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities, including the models’ performance versus actual results, and reports those results as well as changes in the valuation of the non-IRLC “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities, including major factors affecting the valuations and any changes in model methods and inputs, to the Company’s senior management valuation committee. The Company’s senior management valuation committee includes the Company’s chief financial, risk, and capital markets officers as well as other senior members of the Company’s finance, risk management and capital markets staffs. To assess the reasonableness of its valuations, the capital markets valuation staff presents an analysis of the effect on the valuations of changes to the significant inputs to the models and, for MSRs, comparisons of its estimates of fair value and of key inputs to those procured from nonaffiliate brokers and published surveys. The fair value of the Company’s IRLCs is developed by its capital markets risk management staff and is reviewed by its capital markets operations staff. Valuation Techniques and Inputs Following is a description of the techniques and inputs used in estimating the fair values of “Level 2” and “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities: Principal-Only Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities The Company categorizes principal-only stripped securities as “Level 2” fair value financial instruments. Fair values of these securities are established based on quoted market prices for these or similar securities. Loans Held for Sale Most of the Company’s loans held for sale at fair value are saleable into active markets and are therefore categorized as “Level 2” fair value assets. The fair values of “Level 2” fair value loans are determined using their contracted selling prices or quoted market prices or market price equivalents. Certain of the Company’s loans held for sale are not saleable into active markets and are therefore categorized as “Level 3” fair value assets. Loans held for sale categorized as “Level 3” fair value assets include: ● Closed-end second lien mortgage loans. At present, there is no active market with observable inputs that are significant to the estimation of fair value of the closed-end second lien mortgage loans the Company produces. ● Early buy out (“EBO”) loans. EBO loans are government guaranteed or insured loans purchased by the Company from Ginnie Mae guaranteed securities in its loan servicing portfolio. The Company’s right to purchase a government guaranteed or insured loan from a Ginnie Mae security arises as the result of the loan being at least three months delinquent on the date of purchase by the Company and provides an alternative to the Company’s obligation to continue advancing principal and interest at the coupon rate of the related Ginnie Mae security. Such a loan may be resold to an investor and thereafter may be repurchased to the extent it becomes eligible for resale into a new Ginnie Mae guaranteed security. A loan becomes eligible for resale into a new Ginnie Mae security when the loan becomes current either through completion of a modification of the loan’s terms or after three months of timely payments following either the completion of a payment deferral program or borrower reperformance and when the issuance date of the new security is at least 120 days after the date the loan was last delinquent. ● Loans with identified defects. Loans that are not saleable into active markets due to identification of a defect by the Company or to the repurchase by the Company of a loan with an identified defect. The Company uses a discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of its “Level 3” fair value loans held for sale. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s “Level 3” fair value loans held for sale are discount rates, home price projections, voluntary prepayment/resale and total prepayment/resale speeds. Significant changes in any of those inputs in isolation could result in a significant change to the loans’ fair value measurement. Increases in home price projections are generally accompanied by an increase in voluntary prepayment speeds. Following is a quantitative summary of key “Level 3” fair value inputs used in the valuation of loans held for sale: September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Fair value (in thousands) $ 433,874 $ 478,564 Key inputs (1): Discount rate: Range 6.0% – 9.3% 7.1% – 10.2% Weighted average 6.6% 7.2% Twelve-month projected housing price index change: Range 2.3% – 2.9% 0.3% – 0.5% Weighted average 2.6% 0.5% Voluntary prepayment/resale speed (2): Range 6.4% – 39.3% 4.0% – 36.9% Weighted average 23.0% 24.8% Total prepayment/resale speed (3): Range 6.5% – 48.8% 4.0% – 50.3% Weighted average 25.5% 32.2% (1) Weighted average inputs are based on the fair values of the “Level 3” fair value loans. (2) Voluntary prepayment/resale speed is measured using life voluntary Conditional Prepayment Rate (“CPR”). (3) Total prepayment/resale speed is measured using life total CPR, which includes both voluntary and involuntary prepayment/resale speeds. Changes in fair value of loans held for sale attributable to changes in a loan’s instrument-specific credit risk are measured with reference to the change in the respective loan’s delinquency status and performance history at period end from the later of the beginning of the period or acquisition date. Changes in fair value of loans held for sale are included in Net gains on loans held for sale at fair value Derivative Financial Instruments Interest Rate Lock Commitments The Company categorizes IRLCs as “Level 3” fair value assets or liabilities. The Company estimates the fair values of IRLCs based on quoted Agency MBS prices, its estimate of the fair value of the MSRs it expects to receive in the sale of the loans and the probability that the loans will be funded or purchased (the “pull-through rate”). The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s IRLCs are the pull-through rate and the estimated fair values of MSRs attributable to the mortgage loans it has committed to originate or purchase. Significant changes in the pull-through rate or the MSR components of the IRLCs, in isolation, could result in significant changes in the IRLCs’ fair value measurements. The financial effects of changes in these inputs are generally inversely correlated as increasing interest rates have a positive effect on the fair value of the MSR component of IRLC fair value, but increase the pull-through rate for the loan principal and interest payment cash flow component, which has decreased in fair value. Changes in fair value of IRLCs are included in Net gains on loans held for sale at fair value Following is a quantitative summary of key unobservable inputs used in the valuation of IRLCs: September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Fair value (in thousands) (1) $ 118,615 $ 89,593 Committed amount (in thousands) $ 9,749,537 $ 6,349,628 Key inputs Pull-through rate: Range 19.8% – 100% 10.2% – 100% Weighted average 84.5% 81.1% Mortgage servicing rights fair value expressed as: Servicing fee multiple: Range 1.0 – 8.1 1.1 – 7.3 Weighted average 5.1 4.2 Percentage of loan commitment amount: Range 0.3% – 4.7% 0.3% – 4.3% Weighted average 2.5% 1.9% (1) For purpose of this table, IRLC asset and liability positions are shown net. (2) Weighted average inputs are based on the committed amounts. Hedging Derivatives Fair values of derivative financial instruments actively traded on exchanges are categorized by the Company as “Level 1” fair value assets and liabilities; fair values of derivative financial instruments based on observable interest rates, volatilities and prices in the MBS or other markets are categorized by the Company as “Level 2” fair value assets and liabilities. Changes in the fair values of hedging derivatives are included in Net gains on loans held for sale at fair value, Net loan servicing fees – Mortgage servicing rights hedging results . Mortgage Servicing Rights MSRs are categorized as “Level 3” fair value assets. The Company uses a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of MSRs. The key inputs used in the estimation of the fair value of MSRs include the applicable prepayment rate (prepayment speed), pricing spread (discount rate), and annual per-loan cost to service the underlying loans, all of which are unobservable. Significant changes to any of those inputs in isolation could result in a significant change in the MSR fair value measurement. Changes in these key inputs are not directly related. Changes in the fair value of MSRs are included in Net loan servicing fees Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights and mortgage servicing liabilities Following are the key inputs used in determining the fair value of MSRs received by the Company when it retains the obligation to service the mortgage loans it sells: Quarter ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 (Amount recognized and unpaid principal balance of underlying loans in thousands) MSR and underlying loan characteristics: Amount recognized $ 578,982 $ 450,936 $ 1,532,709 $ 1,299,992 Unpaid principal balance $ 25,922,146 $ 21,861,437 $ 70,148,676 $ 60,549,919 Weighted average servicing fee rate (in basis points) 46 42 44 47 Key inputs (1): Annual total prepayment speed (2): Range 7.9% – 25.8% 7.5% – 20.4% 7.3% – 25.8% 7.5% – 23.2% Weighted average 11.5% 10.3% 10.5% 10.9% Equivalent average life (in years): Range 3.7 – 9.3 3.6 – 9.4 3.5 – 9.7 3.0 – 9.4 Weighted average 7.4 7.7 7.7 7.6 Pricing spread (3): Range 4.9% – 12.6% 5.5% – 12.6% 4.9% – 12.6% 5.5% – 12.6% Weighted average 5.7% 6.1% 6.1% 7.0% Per-loan annual cost of servicing: Range $69 – $127 $68 – $127 $69 – $127 $68 – $127 Weighted average $102 $97 $100 $99 (1) Weighted average inputs are based on the UPB of the underlying loans. (2) Annual total prepayment speed is measured using life total CPR, which includes both voluntary and involuntary prepayments. Equivalent average life is provided as supplementary information. (3) Pricing spread represents a margin that is applied to a reference interest rate’s forward rate curve to develop periodic discount rates. The Company applies a pricing spread to a derived United State Treasury Securities (“Treasury”) yield curve for purposes of discounting cash flows relating to MSRs. Following is a quantitative summary of key inputs used in the valuation of the Company’s MSRs and the effect on the fair value from adverse changes in those inputs: September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 (Fair value, unpaid principal balance of underlying loans and effect on fair value amounts in thousands) Fair value $ 7,752,292 $ 7,099,348 Underlying loan characteristics: Unpaid principal balance $ 410,031,301 $ 370,244,119 Weighted average note interest rate 4.4% 4.1% Weighted average servicing fee rate (in basis points) 38 38 Key inputs (1): Annual total prepayment speed (2): Range 6.3% – 18.9% 6.1% – 17.8% Weighted average 9.1% 8.3% Equivalent average life (in years): Range 2.7 – 8.8 3.0 – 9.0 Weighted average 7.7 8.1 Effect on fair value of (3): 5% adverse change ($133,350) ($107,757) 10% adverse change ($261,595) ($211,643) 20% adverse change ($503,923) ($408,638) Pricing spread (4): Range 5.0% – 11.3% 5.5% – 12.6% Weighted average 6.3% 6.4% Effect on fair value of (3): 5% adverse change ($101,071) ($94,307) 10% adverse change ($199,523) ($186,129) 20% adverse change ($388,935) ($362,671) Per-loan annual cost of servicing: Range $68 – $131 $70 – $135 Weighted average $106 $107 Effect on fair value of (3) |