LOANS, ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES, AND CREDIT QUALITY | NOTE 5 – LOANS, ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES, AND CREDIT QUALITY The following table presents total loans by portfolio segment and class of loan as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: September 30, December 31, 2020 2019 Commercial/industrial $ 547,750 $ 302,538 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 530,476 459,782 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 426,463 353,723 Construction and development 150,139 132,296 Residential 1‑4 family 488,925 448,605 Consumer 29,684 29,462 Other 25,552 10,440 Subtotals 2,198,989 1,736,846 ALL (16,318) (11,396) Loans, net of ALL 2,182,671 1,725,450 Deferred loan fees and costs (5,761) (503) Loans, net $ 2,176,910 $ 1,724,947 The ALL by loan type as of September 30, 2020 and 2019 is summarized as follows: Commercial Commercial Real Estate - Real Estate - Construction Commercial / Owner Non - Owner and Residential Industrial Occupied Occupied Development 1-4 Family Consumer Other Total ALL - January 1, 2020 $ 2,320 $ 4,587 $ 1,578 $ 548 $ 2,169 $ 141 $ 53 $ 11,396 Charge-offs (631) (773) — — (63) (33) (19) (1,519) Recoveries 2 873 40 — 40 — 11 966 Provision 138 995 2,276 474 1,259 86 247 5,475 ALL - September 30, 2020 1,829 5,682 3,894 1,022 3,405 194 292 16,318 ALL ending balance individually evaluated for impairment 14 483 1,098 — — — — 1,595 ALL ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,815 $ 5,199 $ 2,796 $ 1,022 $ 3,405 $ 194 $ 292 $ 14,723 Loans outstanding - September 30, 2020 $ 547,750 $ 530,476 $ 426,463 $ 150,139 $ 488,925 $ 29,684 $ 25,552 $ 2,198,989 Loans ending balance individually evaluated for impairment 533 7,334 7,904 — — — — 15,771 Loans ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment $ 547,217 $ 523,142 $ 418,559 $ 150,139 $ 488,925 $ 29,684 $ 25,552 $ 2,183,218 Commercial Commercial Real Estate - Real Estate - Construction Commercial / Owner Non - Owner and Residential Industrial Occupied Occupied Development 1-4 Family Consumer Other Total ALL - January 1, 2019 $ 3,021 $ 3,750 $ 2,100 $ 725 $ 2,472 $ 148 $ 32 $ 12,248 Charge-offs (1,229) (4,974) (55) — (83) (75) (29) (6,445) Recoveries 3 4 60 — 126 4 6 203 Provision 507 4,360 (186) (221) (423) 70 18 4,125 ALL - September 30, 2019 2,302 3,140 1,919 504 2,092 147 27 10,131 ALL ending balance individually evaluated for impairment — — — — — — — — ALL ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment $ 2,302 $ 3,140 $ 1,919 $ 504 $ 2,092 $ 147 $ 27 $ 10,131 Loans outstanding - September 30, 2019 $ 310,536 $ 467,030 $ 337,558 $ 118,055 $ 443,906 $ 31,665 $ 5,985 $ 1,714,735 Loans ending balance individually evaluated for impairment — — — — — — — — Loans ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment $ 310,536 $ 467,030 $ 337,558 $ 118,055 $ 443,906 $ 31,665 $ 5,985 $ 1,714,735 The Company’s past due loans as of September 30, 2020 is summarized as follows: 90 Days 30-89 Days or more Past Due Past Due Accruing and Accruing Non-Accrual Total Commercial/industrial $ 4 $ — $ 599 $ 603 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 121 — 8,690 8,811 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied — — 7,427 7,427 Construction and development 29 — — 29 Residential 1‑4 family 318 72 1,092 1,482 Consumer 34 3 — 37 Other — — — — $ 506 $ 75 $ 17,808 $ 18,389 The Company’s past due loans as of December 31, 2019 is summarized as follows: 90 Days 30-89 Days or more Past Due Past Due Accruing and Accruing Non-Accrual Total Commercial/industrial $ 235 $ — $ 1,923 $ 2,158 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 1,124 — 2,513 3,637 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied — — 75 75 Construction and development 768 11 — 779 Residential 1‑4 family 805 307 550 1,662 Consumer 70 36 32 138 Other — — — — $ 3,002 $ 354 $ 5,093 $ 8,449 The Company utilizes a numerical risk rating system for commercial relationships. All other types of relationships (ex: residential, consumer, other) are assigned a “Pass” rating, unless they have fallen 90 days past due or more, at which time they receive a rating of 7. The Company uses split ratings for government guaranties on loans. The portion of a loan that is supported by a government guaranty is included with other Pass credits. The determination of a commercial loan risk rating begins with completion of a matrix, which assigns scores based on the strength of the borrower’s debt service coverage, collateral coverage, balance sheet leverage, industry outlook, and customer concentration. A weighted average is taken of these individual scores to arrive at the overall rating. This rating is subject to adjustment by the loan officer based on facts and circumstances pertaining to the borrower. Risk ratings are subject to independent review. Commercial borrowers with ratings between 1 and 5 are considered Pass credits, with 1 being most acceptable and 5 being just above the minimum level of acceptance. Commercial borrowers rated 6 have potential weaknesses which may jeopardize repayment ability. Borrowers rated 7 have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses such as the inability to demonstrate significant cash flow for debt service based on analysis of the company’s financial information. These loans remain on accrual status provided full collection of principal and interest is reasonably expected. Otherwise they are deemed impaired and placed on nonaccrual status. Borrowers rated 8 are the same as 7 rated credits with one exception: collection or liquidation in full is not probable. The breakdown of loans by risk rating as of September 30, 2020 is as follows: Pass (1-5) 6 7 8 Total Commercial/industrial $ 543,008 $ 668 $ 4,074 $ — $ 547,750 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 496,026 4,467 29,983 — 530,476 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 415,970 — 10,493 — 426,463 Construction and development 149,999 — 140 — 150,139 Residential 1‑4 family 486,462 604 1,859 — 488,925 Consumer 29,684 — — — 29,684 Other 25,552 — — — 25,552 $ 2,146,701 $ 5,739 $ 46,549 $ — $ 2,198,989 The breakdown of loans by risk rating as of December 31, 2019 is as follows: Pass (1-5) 6 7 8 Total Commercial/industrial $ 290,180 $ 5,329 $ 7,029 $ — $ 302,538 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 422,336 5,603 31,843 — 459,782 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 344,278 8,774 671 — 353,723 Construction and development 132,266 — 30 — 132,296 Residential 1‑4 family 447,630 256 719 — 448,605 Consumer 29,430 — 32 — 29,462 Other 10,440 — — — 10,440 $ 1,676,560 $ 19,962 $ 40,324 $ — $ 1,736,846 The ALL represents management’s estimate of probable and inherent credit losses in the loan portfolio. Estimating the amount of the ALL requires the exercise of significant judgment and the use of estimates related to the amount and timing of expected future cash flows on impaired loans, estimated losses on pools of homogenous loans based on historical loss experience, and consideration of other qualitative factors such as current economic trends and conditions, all of which may be susceptible to significant change. The loan portfolio also represents the largest asset on the consolidated balance sheets. Loan losses are charged off against the ALL, while recoveries of amounts previously charged off are credited to the ALL. A provision for loan losses is charged to operations based on management’s periodic evaluation of the factors previously mentioned, as well as other pertinent factors. The ALL consists of specific reserves for certain individually evaluated impaired loans and general reserves for collectively evaluated non-impaired loans. Specific reserves reflect estimated losses on impaired loans from management’s analyses developed through specific credit allocations. The specific reserves are based on regular analyses of impaired, non-homogenous loans greater than $250,000. These analyses involve a high degree of judgment in estimating the amount of loss associated with specific loans, including estimating the amount and timing of future cash flows and collateral values. The general reserve is based in part on the Bank’s historical loss experience which is updated quarterly. The general reserve portion of the ALL also includes consideration of certain qualitative factors such as 1) changes in lending policies and/or underwriting practices, 2) national and local economic conditions, 3) changes in portfolio volume and nature, 4) experience, ability and depth of lending management and other relevant staff, 5) levels of and trends in past-due and nonaccrual loans and quality, 6) changes in loan review and oversight, 7) impact and effects of concentrations and 8) other issues deemed relevant. There are many factors affecting ALL; some are quantitative while others require qualitative judgment. The process for determining the ALL (which management believes adequately considers potential factors which might possibly result in credit losses) includes subjective elements and, therefore, may be susceptible to significant change. To the extent actual outcomes differ from management estimates, additional provisions for loan losses could be required that could adversely affect the Company’s earnings or financial position in future periods. Allocations of the ALL may be made for specific loans but the entire ALL is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off or for which an actual loss is realized. As an integral part of their examination process, various regulatory agencies review the ALL as well. Such agencies may require that changes in the ALL be recognized when such regulators’ credit evaluations differ from those of management based on information available to the regulators at the time of their examinations. A summary of impaired loans individually evaluated as of September 30, 2020 is as follows: Commercial Commercial Real Estate - Real Estate - Construction Commercial / Owner Non - Owner and Residential Industrial Occupied Occupied Development 1-4 Family Consumer Other Unallocated Total With an allowance recorded: Recorded investment $ 595 $ 3,625 $ 7,892 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 12,112 Unpaid principal balance 595 3,625 7,892 — — — — — 12,112 Related allowance 14 483 1,098 — — — — — 1,595 With no related allowance recorded: Recorded investment $ — $ 4,045 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 4,045 Unpaid principal balance — 4,052 — — — — — — 4,052 Related allowance — — — — — — — — — Total: Recorded investment $ 595 $ 7,670 $ 7,892 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 16,157 Unpaid principal balance 595 7,677 7,892 — — — — — 16,164 Related allowance 14 483 1,098 — — — — — 1,595 Average recorded investment $ 1,237 $ 5,784 $ $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 10,967 A summary of impaired loans individually evaluated as of December 31, 2019 is as follows: Commercial Commercial Real Estate - Real Estate - Construction Commercial / Owner Non - Owner and Residential Industrial Occupied Occupied Development 1 ‑ 4 Family Consumer Other Total With an allowance recorded: Recorded investment $ 1,878 $ 960 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 2,838 Unpaid principal balance 1,878 960 — — — — — 2,838 Related allowance 760 80 — — — — — 840 With no related allowance recorded: Recorded investment $ — $ 2,938 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 2,938 Unpaid principal balance — 2,938 — — — — — 2,938 Related allowance — — — — — — — — Total: Recorded investment $ 1,878 $ 3,898 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 5,776 Unpaid principal balance 1,878 3,898 — — — — — 5,776 Related allowance 760 80 — — — — — 840 Average recorded investment $ 3,773 $ 5,847 $ — $ — $ 351 $ — $ — $ 9,971 Interest recognized while these loans were impaired is considered immaterial to the consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. The following table presents loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. No loans in this table had a related allowance at either date, and therefore, the below disclosures were not expanded to include loans with and without a related allowance. September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Recorded Unpaid Principal Recorded Unpaid Principal Investment Balance Investment Balance Commercial & Industrial $ 1,191 $ 1,365 $ 191 $ 212 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 3,986 4,847 518 785 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 1,241 1,405 — — Construction and development 95 106 213 237 Residential 1‑4 family 881 1,182 901 1,031 Consumer — — — — Other — — — — $ 7,394 $ 8,905 $ 1,823 $ 2,265 Due to the nature of these loan relationships, prepayment expectations have not been considered in the determination of future cash flows. Management regularly monitors these loan relationships, and if information becomes available that indicates expected cash flows will differ from initial expectations, it may necessitate reclassification between accretable and non-accretable components of the original discount calculation. The following table represents the change in the accretable and non-accretable components of discounts on loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and year ended December 31, 2019: September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Accretable Non-accretable Accretable Non-accretable discount discount discount discount Balance at beginning of period $ 222 $ 220 $ 318 $ 745 Acquired balance, net 1,064 727 44 333 Reclassifications between accretable and non-accretable 696 (696) 858 (858) Accretion to loan interest income (722) — (998) — Balance at end of period $ 1,260 $ 251 $ 222 $ 220 A troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) includes a loan modification where a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and we grant a concession to that borrower that we would not otherwise consider except for the borrower’s financial difficulties. These concessions may include modifications of the terms of the debt such as deferral of payments, extension of maturity, reduction of principal balance, reduction of the stated interest rate other than normal market rate adjustments, or a combination of these concessions. Debt may be bifurcated with separate terms for each tranche of the restructured debt. Restructuring a loan in lieu of aggressively enforcing the collection of the loan may benefit the Company by increasing the ultimate probability of collection. A TDR may be either on accrual or nonaccrual status based upon the performance of the borrower and management’s assessment of collectability. If a TDR is placed on nonaccrual status, which could occur based on the same criteria as non-TDR loans, it remains there until a sufficient period of performance under the restructured terms has occurred at which it returned to accrual status, generally 6 months. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 the Company had specific reserves of $0 and $80,000 for TDRs, respectively, and none of them have subsequently defaulted. During the first nine months of 2020 the Bank has experienced an increase in customer requests for loan modifications and payment deferrals as a result of impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) act, signed into law on March 27, 2020, allowed financial institutions the option to exempt loan modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic that would otherwise be categorized as a TDR from consideration for TDR treatment. Modifications in the scope of the exemption include forbearance agreements, interest-rate modifications, repayment plan changes and any other similar arrangements that would delay payments of principal or interest. This relief is allowable on modifications on loans which were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019, and that occur after March 1, 2020, and before the earlier of 60 days after the date on which the national emergency related to the COVID-19 outbreak is terminated. The following table presents the TDRs during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. There were no TDRs during the same period in 2019. Pre-Modification Post-Modification Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Contracts Investment Investment Commerical Real Estate 1 $ 115 $ 115 |