N-2 - USD ($) | May 21, 2024 | Mar. 31, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 | Sep. 30, 2023 | Jun. 30, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Cover [Abstract] | | | | | | | | |
Entity Central Index Key | | 0001747172 | | | | | | |
Amendment Flag | | false | | | | | | |
Document Type | | 424B1 | | | | | | |
Entity Registrant Name | | Kayne Anderson BDC, Inc. | | | | | | |
Fee Table [Abstract] | | | | | | | | |
Shareholder Transaction Expenses [Table Text Block] | | Stockholder Transaction Expenses: Sales Load (as a percentage of offering price) (1) 6.00 % Offering expenses (as a percentage of offering price) (2) 1.30 % Dividend Reinvestment Plan Fees (3) $ 15.00 Total Stockholder Transaction Expenses (as a percentage of offering price) 7.30 % | | | | | | |
Sales Load [Percent] | [1] | 6% | | | | | | |
Dividend Reinvestment and Cash Purchase Fees | [2] | $ 15 | | | | | | |
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | | | | | | | | |
Other Transaction Expense 1 [Percent] | [3] | 1.30% | | | | | | |
Other Transaction Expenses [Percent] | | 7.30% | | | | | | |
Annual Expenses [Table Text Block] | | Annual Expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to common stock) (4) Management Fees (5) 2.00 % Incentive Fees (6) 1.91 % Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds (7) 8.81 % Other Expenses (8) 0.36 % Total Annual Expenses 13.08 % Management Fee Waiver (9) (0.50 )% Total Net Annual Expenses 12.58 % | | | | | | |
Management Fees [Percent] | [4],[5] | 2% | | | | | | |
Interest Expenses on Borrowings [Percent] | [5],[6] | 8.81% | | | | | | |
Incentive Fees [Percent] | [5],[7] | 1.91% | | | | | | |
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | | | | | | | | |
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] | [5],[8] | 0.36% | | | | | | |
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] | [5],[9] | 13.08% | | | | | | |
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] | [9] | (0.50%) | | | | | | |
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] | | 12.58% | | | | | | |
Expense Example [Table Text Block] | | Example The following example demonstrates the projected dollar amount of total cumulative expenses over various periods with respect to a hypothetical investment in our shares of common stock. In calculating the following expense amounts, we have assumed that our annual operating expenses would remain at the levels set forth in the table above. Offering expenses are included in the following example. 1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5% annual return resulting entirely from net realized capital gains (1) $ 185 $ 392 $ 566 $ 893 You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5% annual return resulting entirely from net investment income (2) $ 169 $ 353 $ 514 $ 839 (1) (2) | | | | | | |
Purpose of Fee Table , Note [Text Block] | | The following table is intended to assist you in understanding the costs and expenses that you will bear directly or indirectly. We caution you that some of the percentages indicated in the table below are estimates and may vary. The expenses shown in the table under “Annual Expenses” are based on estimated amounts for our current fiscal year and assume that we issue 6,000,000 | | | | | | |
Other Expenses, Note [Text Block] | | “Other Expenses” includes estimated general and administrative expenses, professional fees and director fees and is based on amounts estimated for the current fiscal year. Includes expenses paid by KABDCF and KABCF II, respectively. See “ Management and Other Agreements — Investment Advisory Agreement; Administration Agreement | | | | | | |
Financial Highlights [Abstract] | | | | | | | | |
Senior Securities [Table Text Block] | | Class and Period Total Amount (1) Asset (2) Involuntary (3) Average (4) Corporate Credit Facility March 31, 2024 (unaudited) $ 198 $ 2,230 — N/A December 31, 2023 $ 234 $ 1,980 — N/A September 30, 2023 (unaudited) $ 192 $ 2,140 — N/A June 30, 2023 (unaudited) $ 237 $ 2,010 — N/A December 31, 2022 $ 269 $ 2,030 — N/A December 31, 2021 — — — N/A Revolving Funding Facility March 31, 2024 (unaudited) $ 319 $ 2,230 — N/A December 31, 2023 $ 306 $ 1,980 — N/A September 30, 2023 (unaudited) $ 306 $ 2,140 — N/A June 30, 2023 (unaudited) $ 320 $ 2,010 — N/A December 31, 2022 $ 200 $ 2,030 — N/A December 31, 2021 — — — N/A Revolving Funding Facility II (5) March 31, 2024 (unaudited) $ 67 $ 2,230 — N/A December 31, 2023 $ 70 $ 1,980 — N/A September 30, 2023 (unaudited) — — — N/A June 30, 2023 (unaudited) — — — N/A December 31, 2022 — — — N/A December 31, 2021 — — — N/A Subscription Credit Agreement March 31, 2024 (unaudited) $ — $ — — N/A December 31, 2023 $ 10.8 $ 1,980 — N/A September 30, 2023 (unaudited) $ 25 $ 2,140 — N/A June 30, 2023 (unaudited) $ 9 $ 2,010 — N/A December 31, 2022 $ 108 $ 2,030 — N/A December 31, 2021 $ 105 $ 2,170 — N/A Loan and Security Agreement (LSA) (6) March 31, 2024 (unaudited) — — — N/A December 31, 2023 — — — N/A September 30, 2023 (unaudited) — — — N/A June 30, 2023 (unaudited) — — — N/A December 31, 2022 — — — N/A December 31, 2021 $ 162 $ 2,170 — N/A Class and Period Total Amount (1) Asset (2) Involuntary (3) Average (4) Notes March 31, 2024 (unaudited) $ 75 $ 2,230 — N/A December 31, 2023 $ 75 $ 1,980 — N/A September 30, 2023 (unaudited) $ 75 $ 2,140 — N/A June 30, 2023 (unaudited) $ 75 $ 2,010 — N/A December 31, 2022 — — — N/A December 31, 2021 — — — N/A (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) | | | | | | |
Senior Securities Amount | [10] | | $ 75 | $ 75 | $ 75 | $ 75 | | |
Senior Securities Coverage per Unit | [11] | | $ 2,230 | $ 1,980 | $ 2,140 | $ 2,010 | | |
Preferred Stock Liquidating Preference | [12] | | | | | | | |
Senior Securities, Note [Text Block] | | Information about the Company’s senior securities is shown as of the dates indicated in the below table. This information about the Company’s senior securities should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto and “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation | | | | | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | | | | | | | |
Investment Objectives and Practices [Text Block] | | Kayne Anderson BDC, Inc. (the “Company”) is an externally managed, closed -end -diversified The Company was formed as a Delaware corporation to make investments in middle -market The Company is managed by KA Credit Advisors, LLC (the “Advisor”), an indirect controlled subsidiary of Kayne Anderson Capital Advisors, L.P. (“Kayne Anderson”), a prominent alternative investment management firm. The Advisor is registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Advisory Act of 1940, as amended. Subject to the overall supervision of the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”), the Advisor is responsible for originating prospective investments, conducting research and due diligence investigations on potential investments, analyzing investment opportunities, negotiating and structuring investments, determining the value of the investments and monitoring its investments and portfolio companies on an ongoing basis. The Board consists of seven directors, four of whom are independent. The Company’s investment objective is to generate current income and, to a lesser extent, capital appreciation primarily through debt investments in middle -market As of December 31, 2023, the Company has entered into subscription agreements with investors for an aggregate capital commitment of $1,046,928 to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. On December 5, 2023, the Company completed its final close of subscription agreements with investors. The Company conducts private offerings of its Common Stock to investors in reliance on exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). At the closing of any private offering, each investor will make a capital commitment (a “Capital Commitment”) to purchase shares of its common stock pursuant to a subscription agreement entered into with the Company. Investors will be required to fund drawdowns to purchase shares of common stock up to the amount of their respective Capital Commitments each time the Company delivers a notice to the investors. Following the initial closing of the private offering (the “Initial Closing”) on February 5, 2021 and prior to any Liquidity Event (as defined below), the Advisor may, in its sole discretion, permit additional closings of the private offering. A “Liquidity Event” is defined as (a) an initial public offering of shares of common stock (the “Initial Public Offering”) or the listing of shares of common stock on an exchange (together with the Initial Public Offering, an “Exchange Listing”), (b) the sale of the Company or (c) a disposition of the Company’s investments and distribution of the net proceeds (after repayment of borrowings under credit facilities and issuances of senior unsecured notes) to the Company’s investors. | | | | | | |
Risk [Text Block] | | RISK FACTORS Investing in ou shares of common stock involves a number of significant risks. Before you invest in our shares of common stock, you should be aware of various risks, including those described below. If any of the following events occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. In such case, our NAV could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. The risk factors described below are the principal risk factors associated with an investment in us as well as those factors generally associated with an investment company with investment objectives, investment policies, capital structure or trading markets similar to ours. Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure We have a limited operating history and our Advisor and its affiliates have limited experience advising BDCs and may not replicate the historical results achieved by other entities managed by members of the Advisor’s investment committee, the Advisor or its affiliates. We commenced operations in February 2021. We are subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any new business, including the risk that we will not achieve our investment objective, that we will not qualify or maintain our qualification to be treated as a RIC, and that the value of your investment could decline substantially. The 1940 Act and the Code impose numerous constraints on the operations of BDCs and RICs that do not apply to certain other investment vehicles managed by our Advisor and its affiliates. BDCs are required, for example, to invest at least 70% of their total assets primarily in securities of U.S. private or thinly traded public companies, cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high -quality -of-income In addition, our Advisor and its affiliates have limited experience advising BDCs, as our Advisor and its affiliates only serve as an investment advisor to us and another BDC, which may further hinder our ability to achieve our intended investment opportunities. Furthermore, our investments may differ from those of existing accounts that are or have been managed by members of the Advisor’s investment committee, the Advisor or affiliates of the Advisor. We cannot assure you that we will replicate the historical results achieved for other KAPC funds managed by members of the Advisor’s investment committee, and we caution you that our investment returns could be substantially lower than the returns achieved by them in prior periods. Additionally, all or a portion of the prior results may have been achieved in particular market conditions, which may never be repeated. Moreover, current or future market volatility and regulatory uncertainty may have an adverse impact on our future performance. We use leverage pursuant to borrowings under credit facilities and issuances of senior unsecured notes to finance our investments and changes in interest rates will affect our cost of capital and net investment income. We use leverage pursuant to borrowings under credit facilities and issuances of senior unsecured notes and intend to further borrow under credit facilities and/or issue senior unsecured notes in the future in order to finance our investments. As a result, our net investment income will depend, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow under credit facilities and senior unsecured notes and the rate at which we invest these funds. In addition, we anticipate that many of our debt investments and borrowings under credit facilities will have floating interest rates that reset on a periodic basis, and many of our investments will be subject to interest rate floors. As a result, a significant change in market interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our net investment income. See “ Risks Relating to Our Investments — Rising interest rates could affect the value of our investments and make it more difficult for portfolio companies to make periodic payments on their loans In periods of rising interest rates, our cost of funds will increase because we expect that the interest rates on the majority of amounts we borrow will be floating, which could reduce our net investment income to the extent any of our debt investments have fixed interest rates. We may use interest rate risk management techniques in an effort to limit our exposure to interest rate fluctuations. Such techniques may include various interest rate hedging activities to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act and applicable commodities laws. These activities may limit our ability to benefit from lower interest rates with respect to hedged borrowings. Adverse developments resulting from changes in interest rates or hedging transactions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See “ Risks Relating to Our Investments — We are subject to risks under hedging transactions and our ability to enter into transactions involving derivatives and financial commitment transactions may be limited. Downgrades of the U.S. credit rating, impending automatic spending cuts or government shutdowns could negatively impact our liquidity, financial condition and earnings. The U.S. debt ceiling and budget deficit concerns have increased the possibility of credit -rating -term The impact of the increased debt ceiling and/or downgrades to the U.S. government’s sovereign credit rating or its perceived creditworthiness could adversely affect the U.S. and global financial markets and economic conditions. Absent further quantitative easing by the U.S. Federal Reserve, these developments could cause interest rates and borrowing costs to rise, which may negatively impact our ability to access the debt markets on favorable terms. In addition, disagreement over the federal budget has caused the U.S. federal government to shut down for periods of time. Continued adverse political and economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The alternative reference rates that have replaced LIBOR in our credit arrangements and other financial instruments may not yield the same or similar economic results as LIBOR over the life of such transactions. The London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) is an index rate that historically was widely used in lending transactions and was a common reference rate for setting the floating interest rate on private loans. LIBOR was typically the reference rate used in floating -rate The ICE Benchmark Administration (“IBA”) (the entity that is responsible for calculating LIBOR) ceased providing overnight, one, three, six and twelve months USD LIBOR tenors on June 30, 2023. In addition, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), which oversees the IBA, now prohibits entities supervised by the FCA from using LIBOR, including USD LIBOR, except in very limited circumstances. In the United States, the SOFR is the preferred alternative rate for LIBOR. SOFR is a measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight, collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities, and is based on directly observable U.S. Treasury -backed As of the filing date of this prospectus, substantially all of our loans that referenced LIBOR have been amended to reference the forward -looking -looking -month -month -the-counter -issued There can be no guarantee that SOFR will not be discontinued or fundamentally altered in a manner that is materially adverse to the interests of investors in loans referencing SOFR. If the manner in which SOFR or CME Term SOFR is calculated is changed, that change may result in a reduction of the amount of interest payable on such loans and the trading prices of the SOFR Loans. In addition, there can be no guarantee that loans referencing SOFR or CME Term SOFR will continue to reference those rates until maturity or that, in the future, our loans will reference benchmark rates other than CME Term SOFR. Should any of these events occur, our loans, and the yield generated thereby, could be affected. Specifically, the anticipated yield on our loans may not be fully realized and our loans may be subject to increased pricing volatility and market risk. We depend upon our Advisor and Administrator for our success and upon their access to the investment professionals and partners of Kayne Anderson and its affiliates. Any inability of the Advisor or the Administrator to maintain or develop these relationships, or the failure of these relationships to generate investment opportunities, could adversely affect our business. Our portfolio is subject to management risk because it is actively managed. Our Advisor applies investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for us, but there can be no guarantee that they will produce the desired results. We depend upon, and intend to rely significantly on, the Advisor’s and its affiliates’ relationships with private equity sponsors, financial intermediaries, direct lending institutions and other counterparties that are active in our markets. We do not have any internal management capacity or employees. We depend upon Kayne Anderson’s key personnel for our future success and upon their access to certain individuals and investment opportunities to execute on our investment objective. In particular, we depend on the diligence, skill and network of business contacts of our portfolio managers, who evaluate, negotiate, structure, close and monitor our investments. These individuals manage a number of investment vehicles on behalf of Kayne Anderson and, as a result, do not devote all of their time to managing us, which could negatively impact our performance. Furthermore, these individuals do not have long -term We depend on the diligence, skill and network of business contacts of the professionals available to our Administrator to carry out the administrative functions necessary for us to operate, including the ability to select and engage sub -administrators -party Our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows depend on our ability to manage our business and future growth effectively. Our ability to achieve our investment objective depends on our ability to manage our business and grow, which depends, in turn, on the Advisor’s ability to identify, invest in and monitor companies that meet our investment selection criteria. Accomplishing this result on a cost -effective The Advisor may frequently be required to make investment analyses and decisions on an expedited basis in order to take advantage of investment opportunities, and our Advisor may not have knowledge of all circumstances that could impact an investment by the Company. Investment analyses and decisions by the Advisor may frequently be required to be undertaken on an expedited basis to take advantage of investment opportunities, and the Advisor may not have knowledge of all circumstances that could adversely affect an investment by us. Moreover, there can be no assurance that our due diligence processes will uncover all relevant facts that would be material to an investment decision. Before making an investment, we will assess the strength of the underlying assets and other factors that we believe are material to the performance of the investment. In making the assessment and otherwise conducting customary due diligence, we will rely on the resources available to us and, in some cases, an investigation by third parties. This process is particularly important and highly subjective. We may make investments in, or loans to, companies which are not subject to public company reporting requirements including requirements regarding preparation of financial statements and our portfolio companies may utilize divergent reporting standards that may make it difficult for the Advisor to accurately assess the prior performance of a portfolio company. We will, therefore, depend upon the compliance by investment companies with their contractual reporting obligations. As a result, the evaluation of potential investments and our ability to perform due diligence on, and effectively monitor investments, may be impeded, and we may not realize the returns which we expect on any particular investment. In the event of fraud by any company in which we invest or with respect to which we make a loan, we may suffer a partial or total loss of the amounts invested in that company. There are significant potential conflicts of interest that could affect our investment returns, including conflicts related to obligations the Advisor’s investment committee, the Advisor or its affiliates have to other clients and conflicts related to fees and expenses of such other clients, the valuation process for certain portfolio holdings of ours, other arrangements with the Advisor or its affiliates, and the Advisor’s recommendations given to us may differ from those rendered to their other clients. As a result of our arrangements with the Advisor and its affiliates and the Advisor’s investment committee, there may be times when the Advisor or such persons have interests that differ from those of our stockholders, giving rise to a conflict of interest. In particular, the following conflicts of interest may arise, among others: • • • • • • Additionally, the incentive fee payable by us to the Advisor may create an incentive for the Advisor to cause us to realize capital gains or losses that may not be in the best interests of us or our stockholders. Under the incentive fee structure, the Advisor benefits when we recognize capital gains and, because the Advisor determines when an investment is sold, the Advisor controls the timing of the recognition of such capital gains. Our Board is charged with protecting our stockholders’ interests by monitoring how the Advisor addresses these and other conflicts of interest associated with its management services and compensation. The part of the management and incentive fees payable to Advisor that relates to our net investment income is computed and paid on income that may include interest income that has been accrued but not yet received in cash, such as market discount, debt instruments with paid -in-kind The Advisor seeks to allocate investment opportunities among eligible accounts in a manner that is fair and equitable over time and consistent with its allocation policy. However, we can offer no assurance that such opportunities will be allocated to us fairly or equitably in the short -term The Advisor’s investment committee, the Advisor or its affiliates may, from time to time, possess material non-public information, limiting our investment discretion. Principals of the Advisor and its affiliates and members of the Advisor’s investment committee may serve as directors of, or in a similar capacity with, companies in which we invest, the securities of which are purchased or sold on our behalf. In the event that material nonpublic information is obtained with respect to such companies, or we become subject to trading restrictions under the internal trading policies of those companies or as a result of applicable law or regulations (for example, the antifraud provisions for the federal securities laws), we could be prohibited for a period of time from purchasing or selling the securities of such companies, and this prohibition may have an adverse effect on us. The Investment Advisory Agreement and the Administration Agreement were not negotiated on an arm’s-length basis and may not be as favorable to us as if they had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party. The Investment Advisory Agreement and the Administration Agreement were negotiated between related parties. Consequently, their terms, including fees payable to the Advisor, may not be as favorable to us as if they had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party. For example, certain accounts managed by the Advisor have lower management, incentive or other fees than those charged under the Investment Advisory Agreement and/or a reduced ability to recover expenses and overhead than may be recovered by the Administrator under the Administration Agreement. In addition, we may choose not to enforce, or to enforce less vigorously, our rights and remedies under these agreements because of our desire to maintain our ongoing relationship with the Advisor, the Administrator and their respective affiliates. Any such decision, however, would breach our fiduciary obligations to our stockholders. We generally may make investments that could give rise to a conflict of interest and our ability to enter into transactions with our affiliates will be restricted. We, along with our Advisor and certain of its affiliates, have obtained exemptive relief from the SEC to permit us to invest alongside certain entities and accounts advised by the Advisor and its affiliates subject to certain conditions. Pursuant to such exemptive relief, and subject to certain conditions, we are permitted to co -invest -run -term We do not expect to invest in, or hold securities of, companies that are controlled by our affiliates’ other clients. If our affiliates’ other client or clients gain control over one of our portfolio companies, this may create conflicts of interest and subject us to certain restrictions under the 1940 Act. As a result of these conflicts and restrictions our Advisor may be unable to implement our investment strategies as effectively as they could have in the absence of such conflicts or restrictions. For example, as a result of a conflict or restriction, our Advisor may be unable to engage in certain transactions that they would otherwise pursue. In order to avoid these conflicts and restrictions, our Advisor may choose to exit these investments prematurely and, as a result, we may forgo positive returns associated with such investments. In addition, to the extent that another client holds a different class of securities than us as a result of such transactions, our interests may not be aligned. Our ability to enter into transactions with our affiliates may be restricted. In situations where co -investment -investment We will be prohibited under the 1940 Act from participating in certain transactions with certain affiliates of ours without the prior approval of a majority of our independent directors and, in some cases, the SEC. Any person that owns, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of our outstanding voting securities will be our affiliate for purposes of the 1940 Act, and we will generally be prohibited from buying or selling any securities from or to such affiliate on a principal basis, absent the prior approval of our Board and, in some cases, the SEC. The 1940 Act also prohibits certain “joint” transactions with certain affiliates of ours, which in certain circumstances could include investments in the same portfolio company (whether at the same or different times to the extent the transaction involves a joint investment), without prior approval of our Board and, in some cases, the SEC. If a person acquires more than 25% of our voting securities, we will be prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to such person or certain of that person’s affiliates, or entering into prohibited joint transactions with such persons, absent the prior approval of the SEC. Similar restrictions limit our ability to transact business with our officers or directors or their affiliates. The SEC has interpreted the BDC regulations governing transactions with affiliates to prohibit certain “joint transactions” involving entities that share a common investment advisor. As a result of these restrictions, we may be prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to any portfolio company that is controlled by a fund managed by the Advisor or their respective affiliates except under certain circumstances or without the prior approval of the SEC, which may limit the scope of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to us. We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities, which could reduce returns and result in losses. There will be competition for investments from numerous other potential investors, many of which will have significant financial resources. As a result, there can be no guarantee that a sufficient quantity of suitable investment opportunities for us will be found, that investments on favorable terms can be negotiated, or that we will be able to fully realize the value of our investments. Competition for investments may have the effect of increasing our costs and expenses or otherwise decreasing returns generated on underlying investments, thereby reducing our investment returns. A number of entities compete with us to make the types of investments that we plan to make in middle market companies, including BDCs, traditional commercial banks, private investment funds, regional banking institutions, small business investment companies, investment banks and insurance companies. Additionally, with increased competition for investment opportunities, alternative investment vehicles such as hedge funds may seek to invest in areas they have not traditionally invested in or from which they had withdrawn during the economic downturn, including investing in middle market companies. We will compete with public and private funds, commercial and investment banks, commercial financing companies and, to the extent they provide an alternative form of financing, private equity and hedge funds. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. For example, we believe some of our competitors may have access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships than we do. Furthermore, many of our competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on us as a BDC or the source of income, asset diversification and distribution requirements we must satisfy to qualify and maintain our qualification as a RIC. As a result of this competition, we may from time to time not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities, and we may not be able to identify and make investments that are consistent with our investment objective. With respect to the investments we make, we do not seek to compete based primarily on the interest rates we offer, and we believe that some of our competitors may make loans with interest rates that will be lower than the rates we offer. With respect to all investments, we may lose some investment opportunities if we do not match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure. However, if we match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure, we may experience decreased net interest income, lower yields and increased risk of credit loss. Although our Advisor allocates opportunities in accordance with its allocation policy, allocations to other accounts managed or sponsored by our Advisor or its affiliates reduce the amount and frequency of opportunities available to us and may not be in the best interests of us and our stockholders. The competitive pressures we face may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We will be subject to corporate-level income tax if we are unable to qualify as a RIC. We have elected, and intend to qualify annually thereafter, to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code; however, no assurance can be given that we will be able to qualify for and maintain RIC tax treatment. In order to qualify, and maintain qualification, as a RIC under the Code, we must meet certain source -of-income -term -term -exempt -level -level Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations. We may be subject to risks that may arise in connection with the rules under ERISA related to investment by ERISA Plans. We intend to operate so that we will be an appropriate investment for employee benefit plans subject to Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”). We will use reasonable efforts to conduct the Company’s affairs so that the assets of the Company will not be deemed to be “plan assets” for purposes of ERISA. Accordingly, there may be constraints on our ability to make or dispose of investments at optimal times (or to make certain investments at all). We may have difficulty paying our required distributions if we recognize income before, or without, receiving cash representing such income. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, we include in income certain amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as the accretion of original issue discount (“OID”). This may arise if we receive warrants in connection with the making of a loan and in other circumstances, or through contracted PIK interest, which represents contractual interest added to the loan balance and due at the end of the loan term. Such OID, which could be significant relative to our overall investment activities or increases in loan balances as a result of contracted PIK arrangements, is included in income before we receive any corresponding cash payments. We also may be required to include in income certain other amounts that we do not receive in cash. We may be also subject to the following risks associated with PIK and OID investments: • • -value • • • • • -cash Part of the incentive fee payable by us that relates to our net investment income is computed and paid on income that may include interest that has been accrued but not yet received in cash, such as market discount, debt instruments with PIK interest, preferred stock with PIK dividends and zero coupon securities. If a portfolio company defaults on a loan that is structured to provide accrued interest, it is possible that accrued interest previously used in the calculation of the incentive fee will become uncollectible, and the Advisor will have no obligation to refund any fees it received in respect of such accrued income. Since in certain cases we may recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income, we may have difficulty meeting the requirement in a given taxable year to distribute to our stockholders dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes an amount at least equal to the sum of 90% of our investment company taxable income, determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid, and 90% of our net tax -exempt -level Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations. Regulations governing our operation as a BDC affect our ability to, and the way in which we, raise additional capital. As a BDC, the necessity of raising additional capital exposes us to risks, including the typical risks associated with leverage. We intend to further borrow under credit facilities and/or issue senior unsecured notes and, may issue preferred stock in the future (although we do not anticipate issuing preferred stock in the next 12 months), which we refer to collectively as “senior securities,” up to the maximum amount permitted by the 1940 Act. Under the provisions of the 1940 Act, we are currently permitted to issue “senior securities,” including borrowing money from banks or other financial institutions, only in amounts such that our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 150% of gross assets less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities, after each issuance of senior securities. If we fail to comply with certain disclosure requirements, our asset coverage ratio under the 1940 Act would be 200%, which would decrease the amount of leverage we are able to incur. Nevertheless, if the value of our assets declines, we may be unable to satisfy this ratio. If that happens, we may be required to sell a portion of our investments and, depending on the nature of our leverage, repay a portion of our indebtedness at a time when such sales may be disadvantageous. Also, any amounts that we use to service our indebtedness would not be available for distributions to holders of our shares of common stock. If we issue senior securities, we will be exposed to typical risks associated with leverage, including an increased risk of loss. In addition, if the value of the Company’s assets decreases, leverage will cause the Company’s net asset value to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have without leverage or with lower leverage. Similarly, any decrease in the Company’s revenue would cause its net income to decline more sharply than it would have if the Company had not borrowed or had borrowed less under the credit facilities. In the absence of an event of default, no person or entity from which we borrow money has a veto right or voting power over our ability to set policy, make investment decisions or adopt investment strategies. If we issue preferred stock, which is another form of leverage, the preferred stock would rank “senior” to common stock in our capital structure, preferred stockholders would have separate voting rights on certain matters and might have other rights, preferences or privileges more favorable than those of our common stockholders, and the issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our common stockholders. Holders of our common stock will directly or indirectly bear all of the costs associated with offering and servicing any preferred stock that we issue. In addition, any interests of preferred stockholders may not necessarily align with the interests of holders of our shares of common stock, and the rights of holders of shares of preferred stock to receive distributions would be senior to those of holders of shares of common stock. We do not, however, anticipate issuing preferred stock in the next 12 months. We are not generally able to issue and sell our shares of common stock at a price below NAV per share. We may, however, sell our shares of common stock, or warrants, options or rights to acquire our shares of common stock, at a price below the then -current We finance our investments with borrowings under credit facilities and issuances of senior unsecured notes, which will magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and may increase the risk of investing in us. The use of leverage magnifies the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested. The use of leverage is generally considered a speculative investment technique and increases the risks associated with investing in our securities. The amount of leverage that we employ will depend on the Advisor’s and our Board’s assessment of market and other factors at the time of any proposed borrowing. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain credit at all or on terms acceptable to us. For example, due to the interplay of the 1940 Act restrictions on principal and joint transactions and the U.S. risk retention rules adopted pursuant to Section 941 of the Dodd -Frank -Frank or instrument before applying such net proceeds to any other uses. If the value of our assets decreases, leveraging would cause our NAV to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have had we not leveraged, thereby magnifying losses or eliminating our equity stake in a leveraged investment. Similarly, any decrease in our net investment income will cause our net income to decline more sharply than it would have had we not borrowed. Such a decline would also negatively affect our ability to make distributions on our common stock or any outstanding preferred stock. Our ability to service our debt depends largely on our financial performance and is subject to prevailing economic conditions and competitive pressures. Our common stockholders bear the burden of any increase in our expenses as a result of our use of leverage, including interest expenses and any increase in the base management fee payable to the Advisor. As a BDC, we generally are required to meet a coverage ratio of total assets to total borrowings and other senior securities, which include our borrowings credit facilities and issuances of senior unsecured notes and any preferred stock that we may issue in the future (although we do not anticipate issuing preferred stock in the next 12 months). The current asset coverage ratio applicable to the Company is 150%. If this ratio were to de | | | | | | |
Effects of Leverage [Table Text Block] | | The following table illustrates the effect of leverage on returns from an investment in our shares assuming various annual returns on our portfolio, net of expenses. The calculations in the table below are hypothetical, and actual returns may be higher or lower than those appearing in the table below: Effects of Leverage Assumed Return on Portfolio (Net of Expenses) -10 % -5 % 0 % 5 % 10 % Corresponding return to common stockholder (1) -29.1 % -18.1 % -7.2 % 3.8 % 14.8 % | | | | | | |
Return at Minus Ten [Percent] | [13] | (29.10%) | | | | | | |
Return at Minus Five [Percent] | [13] | (18.10%) | | | | | | |
Return at Zero [Percent] | [13] | (7.20%) | | | | | | |
Return at Plus Five [Percent] | [13] | 3.80% | | | | | | |
Return at Plus Ten [Percent] | [13] | 14.80% | | | | | | |
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] | | | | | | | | |
Capital Stock [Table Text Block] | | DESCRIPTION OF OUR CAPITAL STOCK The following description is based on relevant portions of the DGCL and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws. This summary is not necessarily complete, and we refer you to the DGCL and the full text of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws for a more detailed description of the provisions summarized below. Capital Stock Our authorized stock consists of 100 million shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 1,000,000 The following is authorized and outstanding classes of securities of the Company as of April Title of Class (2) (3) (4) Common Stock 100,000,000 0 65,116,459 Preferred Stock 1,000,000 0 0 Under our certificate of incorporation, our Board is authorized to classify and reclassify any unissued shares of stock into other classes or series of stock and authorize the issuance of shares of stock without obtaining stockholder approval. As permitted by the DGCL, our certificate of incorporation provides that the Board, without any action by our stockholders, may amend the certificate of incorporation from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue. All of our shares of common stock have equal rights as to earnings, assets, dividends and other distributions and voting and, when they are issued, will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. Distributions may be paid to the holders of our common stock if, as and when authorized by our Board and declared by us out of assets legally available therefor. Our shares of common stock have no preemptive, exchange, conversion or redemption rights and are freely transferable, except when their transfer is restricted by federal and state securities laws or by contract. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, each share of our common stock would be entitled to share ratably in all of our assets that are legally available for distribution after we pay all debts and other liabilities and subject to any preferential rights of holders of our preferred stock, if any preferred stock is outstanding at such time. Each share of our common stock is entitled to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors. Except as provided with respect to any other class or series of stock, the holders of our common stock will possess exclusive voting power. There is no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which means that holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock can elect all of our directors, and holders of less than a majority of such shares will not be able to elect any directors. | | | | | | |
Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure [Member] | | | | | | | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | | | | | | | |
Risk [Text Block] | | Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure We have a limited operating history and our Advisor and its affiliates have limited experience advising BDCs and may not replicate the historical results achieved by other entities managed by members of the Advisor’s investment committee, the Advisor or its affiliates. We commenced operations in February 2021. We are subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any new business, including the risk that we will not achieve our investment objective, that we will not qualify or maintain our qualification to be treated as a RIC, and that the value of your investment could decline substantially. The 1940 Act and the Code impose numerous constraints on the operations of BDCs and RICs that do not apply to certain other investment vehicles managed by our Advisor and its affiliates. BDCs are required, for example, to invest at least 70% of their total assets primarily in securities of U.S. private or thinly traded public companies, cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high -quality -of-income In addition, our Advisor and its affiliates have limited experience advising BDCs, as our Advisor and its affiliates only serve as an investment advisor to us and another BDC, which may further hinder our ability to achieve our intended investment opportunities. Furthermore, our investments may differ from those of existing accounts that are or have been managed by members of the Advisor’s investment committee, the Advisor or affiliates of the Advisor. We cannot assure you that we will replicate the historical results achieved for other KAPC funds managed by members of the Advisor’s investment committee, and we caution you that our investment returns could be substantially lower than the returns achieved by them in prior periods. Additionally, all or a portion of the prior results may have been achieved in particular market conditions, which may never be repeated. Moreover, current or future market volatility and regulatory uncertainty may have an adverse impact on our future performance. We use leverage pursuant to borrowings under credit facilities and issuances of senior unsecured notes to finance our investments and changes in interest rates will affect our cost of capital and net investment income. We use leverage pursuant to borrowings under credit facilities and issuances of senior unsecured notes and intend to further borrow under credit facilities and/or issue senior unsecured notes in the future in order to finance our investments. As a result, our net investment income will depend, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow under credit facilities and senior unsecured notes and the rate at which we invest these funds. In addition, we anticipate that many of our debt investments and borrowings under credit facilities will have floating interest rates that reset on a periodic basis, and many of our investments will be subject to interest rate floors. As a result, a significant change in market interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our net investment income. See “ Risks Relating to Our Investments — Rising interest rates could affect the value of our investments and make it more difficult for portfolio companies to make periodic payments on their loans In periods of rising interest rates, our cost of funds will increase because we expect that the interest rates on the majority of amounts we borrow will be floating, which could reduce our net investment income to the extent any of our debt investments have fixed interest rates. We may use interest rate risk management techniques in an effort to limit our exposure to interest rate fluctuations. Such techniques may include various interest rate hedging activities to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act and applicable commodities laws. These activities may limit our ability to benefit from lower interest rates with respect to hedged borrowings. Adverse developments resulting from changes in interest rates or hedging transactions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See “ Risks Relating to Our Investments — We are subject to risks under hedging transactions and our ability to enter into transactions involving derivatives and financial commitment transactions may be limited. Downgrades of the U.S. credit rating, impending automatic spending cuts or government shutdowns could negatively impact our liquidity, financial condition and earnings. The U.S. debt ceiling and budget deficit concerns have increased the possibility of credit -rating -term The impact of the increased debt ceiling and/or downgrades to the U.S. government’s sovereign credit rating or its perceived creditworthiness could adversely affect the U.S. and global financial markets and economic conditions. Absent further quantitative easing by the U.S. Federal Reserve, these developments could cause interest rates and borrowing costs to rise, which may negatively impact our ability to access the debt markets on favorable terms. In addition, disagreement over the federal budget has caused the U.S. federal government to shut down for periods of time. Continued adverse political and economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The alternative reference rates that have replaced LIBOR in our credit arrangements and other financial instruments may not yield the same or similar economic results as LIBOR over the life of such transactions. The London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) is an index rate that historically was widely used in lending transactions and was a common reference rate for setting the floating interest rate on private loans. LIBOR was typically the reference rate used in floating -rate The ICE Benchmark Administration (“IBA”) (the entity that is responsible for calculating LIBOR) ceased providing overnight, one, three, six and twelve months USD LIBOR tenors on June 30, 2023. In addition, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), which oversees the IBA, now prohibits entities supervised by the FCA from using LIBOR, including USD LIBOR, except in very limited circumstances. In the United States, the SOFR is the preferred alternative rate for LIBOR. SOFR is a measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight, collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities, and is based on directly observable U.S. Treasury -backed As of the filing date of this prospectus, substantially all of our loans that referenced LIBOR have been amended to reference the forward -looking -looking -month -month -the-counter -issued There can be no guarantee that SOFR will not be discontinued or fundamentally altered in a manner that is materially adverse to the interests of investors in loans referencing SOFR. If the manner in which SOFR or CME Term SOFR is calculated is changed, that change may result in a reduction of the amount of interest payable on such loans and the trading prices of the SOFR Loans. In addition, there can be no guarantee that loans referencing SOFR or CME Term SOFR will continue to reference those rates until maturity or that, in the future, our loans will reference benchmark rates other than CME Term SOFR. Should any of these events occur, our loans, and the yield generated thereby, could be affected. Specifically, the anticipated yield on our loans may not be fully realized and our loans may be subject to increased pricing volatility and market risk. We depend upon our Advisor and Administrator for our success and upon their access to the investment professionals and partners of Kayne Anderson and its affiliates. Any inability of the Advisor or the Administrator to maintain or develop these relationships, or the failure of these relationships to generate investment opportunities, could adversely affect our business. Our portfolio is subject to management risk because it is actively managed. Our Advisor applies investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for us, but there can be no guarantee that they will produce the desired results. We depend upon, and intend to rely significantly on, the Advisor’s and its affiliates’ relationships with private equity sponsors, financial intermediaries, direct lending institutions and other counterparties that are active in our markets. We do not have any internal management capacity or employees. We depend upon Kayne Anderson’s key personnel for our future success and upon their access to certain individuals and investment opportunities to execute on our investment objective. In particular, we depend on the diligence, skill and network of business contacts of our portfolio managers, who evaluate, negotiate, structure, close and monitor our investments. These individuals manage a number of investment vehicles on behalf of Kayne Anderson and, as a result, do not devote all of their time to managing us, which could negatively impact our performance. Furthermore, these individuals do not have long -term We depend on the diligence, skill and network of business contacts of the professionals available to our Administrator to carry out the administrative functions necessary for us to operate, including the ability to select and engage sub -administrators -party Our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows depend on our ability to manage our business and future growth effectively. Our ability to achieve our investment objective depends on our ability to manage our business and grow, which depends, in turn, on the Advisor’s ability to identify, invest in and monitor companies that meet our investment selection criteria. Accomplishing this result on a cost -effective The Advisor may frequently be required to make investment analyses and decisions on an expedited basis in order to take advantage of investment opportunities, and our Advisor may not have knowledge of all circumstances that could impact an investment by the Company. Investment analyses and decisions by the Advisor may frequently be required to be undertaken on an expedited basis to take advantage of investment opportunities, and the Advisor may not have knowledge of all circumstances that could adversely affect an investment by us. Moreover, there can be no assurance that our due diligence processes will uncover all relevant facts that would be material to an investment decision. Before making an investment, we will assess the strength of the underlying assets and other factors that we believe are material to the performance of the investment. In making the assessment and otherwise conducting customary due diligence, we will rely on the resources available to us and, in some cases, an investigation by third parties. This process is particularly important and highly subjective. We may make investments in, or loans to, companies which are not subject to public company reporting requirements including requirements regarding preparation of financial statements and our portfolio companies may utilize divergent reporting standards that may make it difficult for the Advisor to accurately assess the prior performance of a portfolio company. We will, therefore, depend upon the compliance by investment companies with their contractual reporting obligations. As a result, the evaluation of potential investments and our ability to perform due diligence on, and effectively monitor investments, may be impeded, and we may not realize the returns which we expect on any particular investment. In the event of fraud by any company in which we invest or with respect to which we make a loan, we may suffer a partial or total loss of the amounts invested in that company. There are significant potential conflicts of interest that could affect our investment returns, including conflicts related to obligations the Advisor’s investment committee, the Advisor or its affiliates have to other clients and conflicts related to fees and expenses of such other clients, the valuation process for certain portfolio holdings of ours, other arrangements with the Advisor or its affiliates, and the Advisor’s recommendations given to us may differ from those rendered to their other clients. As a result of our arrangements with the Advisor and its affiliates and the Advisor’s investment committee, there may be times when the Advisor or such persons have interests that differ from those of our stockholders, giving rise to a conflict of interest. In particular, the following conflicts of interest may arise, among others: • • • • • • Additionally, the incentive fee payable by us to the Advisor may create an incentive for the Advisor to cause us to realize capital gains or losses that may not be in the best interests of us or our stockholders. Under the incentive fee structure, the Advisor benefits when we recognize capital gains and, because the Advisor determines when an investment is sold, the Advisor controls the timing of the recognition of such capital gains. Our Board is charged with protecting our stockholders’ interests by monitoring how the Advisor addresses these and other conflicts of interest associated with its management services and compensation. The part of the management and incentive fees payable to Advisor that relates to our net investment income is computed and paid on income that may include interest income that has been accrued but not yet received in cash, such as market discount, debt instruments with paid -in-kind The Advisor seeks to allocate investment opportunities among eligible accounts in a manner that is fair and equitable over time and consistent with its allocation policy. However, we can offer no assurance that such opportunities will be allocated to us fairly or equitably in the short -term The Advisor’s investment committee, the Advisor or its affiliates may, from time to time, possess material non-public information, limiting our investment discretion. Principals of the Advisor and its affiliates and members of the Advisor’s investment committee may serve as directors of, or in a similar capacity with, companies in which we invest, the securities of which are purchased or sold on our behalf. In the event that material nonpublic information is obtained with respect to such companies, or we become subject to trading restrictions under the internal trading policies of those companies or as a result of applicable law or regulations (for example, the antifraud provisions for the federal securities laws), we could be prohibited for a period of time from purchasing or selling the securities of such companies, and this prohibition may have an adverse effect on us. The Investment Advisory Agreement and the Administration Agreement were not negotiated on an arm’s-length basis and may not be as favorable to us as if they had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party. The Investment Advisory Agreement and the Administration Agreement were negotiated between related parties. Consequently, their terms, including fees payable to the Advisor, may not be as favorable to us as if they had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party. For example, certain accounts managed by the Advisor have lower management, incentive or other fees than those charged under the Investment Advisory Agreement and/or a reduced ability to recover expenses and overhead than may be recovered by the Administrator under the Administration Agreement. In addition, we may choose not to enforce, or to enforce less vigorously, our rights and remedies under these agreements because of our desire to maintain our ongoing relationship with the Advisor, the Administrator and their respective affiliates. Any such decision, however, would breach our fiduciary obligations to our stockholders. We generally may make investments that could give rise to a conflict of interest and our ability to enter into transactions with our affiliates will be restricted. We, along with our Advisor and certain of its affiliates, have obtained exemptive relief from the SEC to permit us to invest alongside certain entities and accounts advised by the Advisor and its affiliates subject to certain conditions. Pursuant to such exemptive relief, and subject to certain conditions, we are permitted to co -invest -run -term We do not expect to invest in, or hold securities of, companies that are controlled by our affiliates’ other clients. If our affiliates’ other client or clients gain control over one of our portfolio companies, this may create conflicts of interest and subject us to certain restrictions under the 1940 Act. As a result of these conflicts and restrictions our Advisor may be unable to implement our investment strategies as effectively as they could have in the absence of such conflicts or restrictions. For example, as a result of a conflict or restriction, our Advisor may be unable to engage in certain transactions that they would otherwise pursue. In order to avoid these conflicts and restrictions, our Advisor may choose to exit these investments prematurely and, as a result, we may forgo positive returns associated with such investments. In addition, to the extent that another client holds a different class of securities than us as a result of such transactions, our interests may not be aligned. Our ability to enter into transactions with our affiliates may be restricted. In situations where co -investment -investment We will be prohibited under the 1940 Act from participating in certain transactions with certain affiliates of ours without the prior approval of a majority of our independent directors and, in some cases, the SEC. Any person that owns, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of our outstanding voting securities will be our affiliate for purposes of the 1940 Act, and we will generally be prohibited from buying or selling any securities from or to such affiliate on a principal basis, absent the prior approval of our Board and, in some cases, the SEC. The 1940 Act also prohibits certain “joint” transactions with certain affiliates of ours, which in certain circumstances could include investments in the same portfolio company (whether at the same or different times to the extent the transaction involves a joint investment), without prior approval of our Board and, in some cases, the SEC. If a person acquires more than 25% of our voting securities, we will be prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to such person or certain of that person’s affiliates, or entering into prohibited joint transactions with such persons, absent the prior approval of the SEC. Similar restrictions limit our ability to transact business with our officers or directors or their affiliates. The SEC has interpreted the BDC regulations governing transactions with affiliates to prohibit certain “joint transactions” involving entities that share a common investment advisor. As a result of these restrictions, we may be prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to any portfolio company that is controlled by a fund managed by the Advisor or their respective affiliates except under certain circumstances or without the prior approval of the SEC, which may limit the scope of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to us. We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities, which could reduce returns and result in losses. There will be competition for investments from numerous other potential investors, many of which will have significant financial resources. As a result, there can be no guarantee that a sufficient quantity of suitable investment opportunities for us will be found, that investments on favorable terms can be negotiated, or that we will be able to fully realize the value of our investments. Competition for investments may have the effect of increasing our costs and expenses or otherwise decreasing returns generated on underlying investments, thereby reducing our investment returns. A number of entities compete with us to make the types of investments that we plan to make in middle market companies, including BDCs, traditional commercial banks, private investment funds, regional banking institutions, small business investment companies, investment banks and insurance companies. Additionally, with increased competition for investment opportunities, alternative investment vehicles such as hedge funds may seek to invest in areas they have not traditionally invested in or from which they had withdrawn during the economic downturn, including investing in middle market companies. We will compete with public and private funds, commercial and investment banks, commercial financing companies and, to the extent they provide an alternative form of financing, private equity and hedge funds. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. For example, we believe some of our competitors may have access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships than we do. Furthermore, many of our competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on us as a BDC or the source of income, asset diversification and distribution requirements we must satisfy to qualify and maintain our qualification as a RIC. As a result of this competition, we may from time to time not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities, and we may not be able to identify and make investments that are consistent with our investment objective. With respect to the investments we make, we do not seek to compete based primarily on the interest rates we offer, and we believe that some of our competitors may make loans with interest rates that will be lower than the rates we offer. With respect to all investments, we may lose some investment opportunities if we do not match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure. However, if we match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure, we may experience decreased net interest income, lower yields and increased risk of credit loss. Although our Advisor allocates opportunities in accordance with its allocation policy, allocations to other accounts managed or sponsored by our Advisor or its affiliates reduce the amount and frequency of opportunities available to us and may not be in the best interests of us and our stockholders. The competitive pressures we face may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We will be subject to corporate-level income tax if we are unable to qualify as a RIC. We have elected, and intend to qualify annually thereafter, to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code; however, no assurance can be given that we will be able to qualify for and maintain RIC tax treatment. In order to qualify, and maintain qualification, as a RIC under the Code, we must meet certain source -of-income -term -term -exempt -level -level Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations. We may be subject to risks that may arise in connection with the rules under ERISA related to investment by ERISA Plans. We intend to operate so that we will be an appropriate investment for employee benefit plans subject to Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”). We will use reasonable efforts to conduct the Company’s affairs so that the assets of the Company will not be deemed to be “plan assets” for purposes of ERISA. Accordingly, there may be constraints on our ability to make or dispose of investments at optimal times (or to make certain investments at all). We may have difficulty paying our required distributions if we recognize income before, or without, receiving cash representing such income. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, we include in income certain amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as the accretion of original issue discount (“OID”). This may arise if we receive warrants in connection with the making of a loan and in other circumstances, or through contracted PIK interest, which represents contractual interest added to the loan balance and due at the end of the loan term. Such OID, which could be significant relative to our overall investment activities or increases in loan balances as a result of contracted PIK arrangements, is included in income before we receive any corresponding cash payments. We also may be required to include in income certain other amounts that we do not receive in cash. We may be also subject to the following risks associated with PIK and OID investments: • • -value • • • • • -cash Part of the incentive fee payable by us that relates to our net investment income is computed and paid on income that may include interest that has been accrued but not yet received in cash, such as market discount, debt instruments with PIK interest, preferred stock with PIK dividends and zero coupon securities. If a portfolio company defaults on a loan that is structured to provide accrued interest, it is possible that accrued interest previously used in the calculation of the incentive fee will become uncollectible, and the Advisor will have no obligation to refund any fees it received in respect of such accrued income. Since in certain cases we may recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income, we may have difficulty meeting the requirement in a given taxable year to distribute to our stockholders dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes an amount at least equal to the sum of 90% of our investment company taxable income, determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid, and 90% of our net tax -exempt -level Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations. Regulations governing our operation as a BDC affect our ability to, and the way in which we, raise additional capital. As a BDC, the necessity of raising additional capital exposes us to risks, including the typical risks associated with leverage. We intend to further borrow under credit facilities and/or issue senior unsecured notes and, may issue preferred stock in the future (although we do not anticipate issuing preferred stock in the next 12 months), which we refer to collectively as “senior securities,” up to the maximum amount permitted by the 1940 Act. Under the provisions of the 1940 Act, we are currently permitted to issue “senior securities,” including borrowing money from banks or other financial institutions, only in amounts such that our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 150% of gross assets less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities, after each issuance of senior securities. If we fail to comply with certain disclosure requirements, our asset coverage ratio under the 1940 Act would be 200%, which would decrease the amount of leverage we are able to incur. Nevertheless, if the value of our assets declines, we may be unable to satisfy this ratio. If that happens, we may be required to sell a portion of our investments and, depending on the nature of our leverage, repay a portion of our indebtedness at a time when such sales may be disadvantageous. Also, any amounts that we use to service our indebtedness would not be available for distributions to holders of our shares of common stock. If we issue senior securities, we will be exposed to typical risks associated with leverage, including an increased risk of loss. In addition, if the value of the Company’s assets decreases, leverage will cause the Company’s net asset value to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have without leverage or with lower leverage. Similarly, any decrease in the Company’s revenue would cause its net income to decline more sharply than it would have if the Company had not borrowed or had borrowed less under the credit facilities. In the absence of an event of default, no person or entity from which we borrow money has a veto right or voting power over our ability to set policy, make investment decisions or adopt investment strategies. If we issue preferred stock, which is another form of leverage, the preferred stock would rank “senior” to common stock in our capital structure, preferred stockholders would have separate voting rights on certain matters and might have other rights, preferences or privileges more favorable than those of our common stockholders, and the issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our common stockholders. Holders of our common stock will directly or indirectly bear all of the costs associated with offering and servicing any preferred stock that we issue. In addition, any interests of preferred stockholders may not necessarily align with the interests of holders of our shares of common stock, and the rights of holders of shares of preferred stock to receive distributions would be senior to those of holders of shares of common stock. We do not, however, anticipate issuing preferred stock in the next 12 months. We are not generally able to issue and sell our shares of common stock at a price below NAV per share. We may, however, sell our shares of common stock, or warrants, options or rights to acquire our shares of common stock, at a price below the then -current We finance our investments with borrowings under credit facilities and issuances of senior unsecured notes, which will magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and may increase the risk of investing in us. The use of leverage magnifies the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested. The use of leverage is generally considered a speculative investment technique and increases the risks associated with investing in our securities. The amount of leverage that we employ will depend on the Advisor’s and our Board’s assessment of market and other factors at the time of any proposed borrowing. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain credit at all or on terms acceptable to us. For example, due to the interplay of the 1940 Act restrictions on principal and joint transactions and the U.S. risk retention rules adopted pursuant to Section 941 of the Dodd -Frank -Frank or instrument before applying such net proceeds to any other uses. If the value of our assets decreases, leveraging would cause our NAV to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have had we not leveraged, thereby magnifying losses or eliminating our equity stake in a leveraged investment. Similarly, any decrease in our net investment income will cause our net income to decline more sharply than it would have had we not borrowed. Such a decline would also negatively affect our ability to make distributions on our common stock or any outstanding preferred stock. Our ability to service our debt depends largely on our financial performance and is subject to prevailing economic conditions and competitive pressures. Our common stockholders bear the burden of any increase in our expenses as a result of our use of leverage, including interest expenses and any increase in the base management fee payable to the Advisor. As a BDC, we generally are required to meet a coverage ratio of total assets to total borrowings and other senior securities, which include our borrowings credit facilities and issuances of senior unsecured notes and any preferred stock that we may issue in the future (although we do not anticipate issuing preferred stock in the next 12 months). The current asset coverage ratio applicable to the Company is 150%. If this ratio were to decline below the then applicable minimum asset coverage ratio, we would be unable to incur additional debt and could be required to sell a portion of our investments to repay some debt when it is disadvantageous to do so. This could have a material adverse effect on our operations, and we may not be able to make distributions in amounts sufficient to maintain our status as a RIC, or at all. Based on an outstanding indebtedness of $659.0 million as of March Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources. Provisions in our credit facilities and our senior unsecured notes contain various covenants, which, if not complied with, cou | | | | | | |
Risks Relating to Our Investments [Member] | | | | | | | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | | | | | | | |
Risk Factors [Table Text Block] | | Risks Relating to Our Investments Rising interest rates could affect the value of our investments and make it more difficult for portfolio companies to make periodic payments on their loans. Interest rate risk refers to the risk of market changes in interest rates. Interest rate changes affect the value of debt. In general, rising interest rates will negatively impact the price of fixed rate debt, and falling interest rates will have a positive effect on price. Adjustable -rate During any period of higher -than-normal -free In an effort to control inflation, the Federal Open Market Committee, the committee within the U.S. Federal Reserve that sets domestic monetary policy, raised the target range for the federal funds rate eleven times since March 2022 and to a current range of 5.25% to 5.50% as of January 2024. Rising rates generally have a negative impact on income -oriented -term Our business is dependent on bank relationships and recent strain on the banking system may adversely impact us. The financial markets recently have encountered volatility associated with concerns about the balance sheets of banks, especially small and regional banks, which may have significant losses associated with investments that make it difficult to fund demands to withdraw deposits and other liquidity needs. Although the federal government has announced measures to assist these banks and protect depositors, some banks have already been impacted and others may be materially and adversely impacted. Our business is dependent on bank relationships and we are proactively monitoring the financial health of such bank relationships. Continued strain on the banking system may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. To the extent that our portfolio companies work with banks that are negatively impacted by the foregoing, such portfolio companies’ ability to access their own cash, cash equivalents and investments may be threatened. In addition, such affected portfolio companies may not be able to enter into new banking arrangements or credit facilities or receive the benefits of their existing banking arrangements or facilities. Any such developments could harm our business, financial condition, and operating results, and prevent us from fully implementing our investment plan. Continued strain on the banking system may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Limitations of investment due diligence in the private middle market companies in which we invest expose us to increased investment risk. Our due diligence may not reveal all of a portfolio company’s liabilities and may not reveal other weaknesses in its business. We can offer no assurance that our due diligence processes will uncover all relevant facts that would be material to an investment decision. Before making an investment in, or a loan to, a company, the Advisor will assess the strength and skills of a company’s management and other factors that it believes are material to the performance of the investment. In making the assessment and otherwise conducting customary due diligence, the Advisor will rely on the resources available to it and, in some cases, an investigation by third parties. This process is particularly important and highly subjective with respect to newly organized entities because there may be little or no information publicly available about the entities. We make investments in, or loans to, private middle market companies which are not subject to public company reporting requirements including requirements regarding preparation of financial statements and our portfolio companies may utilize divergent reporting standards that may make it difficult for the Advisor to accurately assess the prior performance of a portfolio company. We will, therefore, depend upon the compliance by such companies with their contractual reporting obligations. As a result, the evaluation of potential investments and our ability to perform due diligence on, and effectively monitor investments in private middle market companies, may be impeded, and we may not realize the returns which we expect on any particular investment. In the event of fraud by any company in which we invest or with respect to which we make a loan, we may suffer a partial or total loss of the amounts invested in that company. We invest in highly leveraged companies, which could cause us to lose all or a part of our investment in those companies. Investment in leveraged companies involves a number of significant risks. Leveraged companies in which we invest may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their debt securities that we hold. Such developments may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of our realizing any guarantees that we may have obtained in connection with our investment. In addition, leveraged companies may experience bankruptcy or similar financial distress that may adversely and permanently affect the issuer, in addition to risks associated with the duration and administrative costs of bankruptcy proceedings. Smaller leveraged companies and middle market companies also may have less predictable operating results and may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance their expansion or maintain their competitive position. Middle market companies may have limited financial resources, may have difficulty accessing the capital markets to meet future capital needs and may be unable to meet their obligations under their debt securities that we hold, which may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of our realizing any guarantees we may have obtained in connection with our investment. In addition, such companies typically have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns. Middle market companies are also more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons, and the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on our portfolio company and, in turn, on us. The debt that we invest in is typically not rated by any rating agency, but we believe that if such investments were rated, they would be below investment grade (rated lower than “Baa3” by Moody’s Investors Service, lower than “BBB-” by Fitch Ratings or lower than “BBB-” by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services), which under the guidelines established by these entities is an indication of having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Bonds that are rated below investment grade are sometimes referred to as “high yield bonds” or “junk bonds.” Therefore, our investments will result in an above average amount of risk and volatility or loss of principal. We are subject to risks associated with our investments in unitranche secured loans and securities, including the potential loss of all or part of such investments. We invest in unitranche secured loans, which are a combination of senior secured and junior secured debt in the same facility. Unitranche secured loans provide all of the debt needed to finance a leveraged buyout or other corporate transaction, both senior and junior, but generally in a first -lien -making -lien Our investments in securities that are rated below investment grade (i.e. “junk bonds”) may be risky and we could lose all or part of our investments. We invest in securities that are rated below investment grade by rating agencies or that would be rated below investment grade if they were rated. Below investment grade securities, which are often referred to as “junk,” have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. They may also be difficult to value and illiquid. The major risks of below investment grade securities include: Below investment grade securities may be issued by less creditworthy issuers. Issuers of below investment grade securities may have a larger amount of outstanding debt relative to their assets than issuers of investment grade securities. In the event of an issuer’s bankruptcy, claims of other creditors may have priority over the claims of holders of below investment grade securities, leaving few or no assets available to repay holders of below investment grade securities. Prices of below investment grade securities are subject to extreme price fluctuations. Adverse changes in an issuer’s industry and general economic conditions may have a greater impact on the prices of below investment grade securities than on other higher -rated -income Issuers of below investment grade securities may be unable to meet their interest or principal payment obligations because of an economic downturn, specific issuer developments, or the unavailability of additional financing. Below investment grade securities frequently have redemption features that permit an issuer to repurchase the security from us before it matures. If the issuer redeems below investment grade securities, we may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields and may lose income. Below investment grade securities may be less liquid than higher -rated -income We may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting issuer. The credit rating of a high -yield Defaults by our portfolio companies, including defaults relating to collateral, will harm our operating results. A portfolio company’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by us or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of its loans and foreclosure on its assets, which could trigger cross -defaults -lite -lite -lite -based -lite Certain debt investments that we make in portfolio companies, including portions of our split -lien We also make unsecured debt investments in portfolio companies, meaning that such investments will not benefit from any interest in collateral of such companies. Liens on such portfolio companies’ collateral, if any, will secure the portfolio company’s obligations under its outstanding secured debt and secure certain future debt that is permitted to be incurred by the portfolio company under its secured debt agreements. The holders of obligations secured by such liens will generally control the liquidation of, and be entitled to receive proceeds from, any realization of such collateral to repay their obligations in full before us. In addition, the value of such collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from sales of such collateral would be sufficient to satisfy our unsecured debt obligations after payment in full of all secured debt obligations. If such proceeds were not sufficient to repay the outstanding secured debt obligations, then our unsecured claims would rank equally with the unpaid portion of such secured creditors’ claims against the portfolio company’s remaining assets, if any. The rights we may have with respect to the collateral securing any junior priority loans we make in our portfolio companies may also be limited pursuant to the terms of one or more intercreditor agreements that we enter into with the holders of senior debt. Under such an intercreditor agreement, at any time that senior obligations are outstanding, we may forfeit certain rights with respect to the collateral to the holders of these senior obligations. These rights may include the right to commence enforcement proceedings against the collateral, the right to control the conduct of such enforcement proceedings, the right to approve amendments to collateral documents, the right to release liens on the collateral and the right to waive past defaults under collateral documents. We may not have the ability to control or direct such actions, even if as a result our rights as junior lenders are adversely affected. The lack of liquidity and price decline in our investments may adversely affect our business, including by reducing our NAV through increased net unrealized depreciation. We may invest in companies that are experiencing financial difficulties, which difficulties may never be overcome. Our investments will be illiquid in most cases, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to realize on such investments in a timely manner. A substantial portion of our investments in leveraged companies are and will be subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or will otherwise be less liquid than more broadly traded public securities. The illiquidity of these investments may make it difficult for us to sell such investments if the need arises. As a BDC, we are required to carry our investments at market or fair value. If no market quote for market value is available or ascertainable, fair value is determined in good faith by our Advisor through a valuation methodology. As part of the valuation process, we may take into account the following types of factors, if relevant, in determining the fair value of our investments: • • • • • • • In addition, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we have previously recorded our investments. We may also face other restrictions on our ability to liquidate an investment in a portfolio company to the extent that we, the Advisor or any of its affiliates have material nonpublic information regarding such portfolio company. In addition, we generally expect to invest in securities, instruments and assets that are not, and are not expected to become, publicly traded. We will generally not be able to sell securities publicly unless the sale is registered under applicable securities laws, or unless an exemption from such registration requirements is available. In certain cases, we may also be prohibited by contract from selling an investment for a period of time or otherwise be restricted from disposing of the investment. Furthermore, certain types of investments expected to be made may require a substantial length of time to realize a return or fully liquidate. When an external event such as a purchase transaction, public offering or subsequent equity sale occurs, we use the pricing indicated by the external event to corroborate our valuation. We record decreases in the market values or fair values of our investments as unrealized depreciation. Declines in prices and liquidity in the corporate debt markets may result in significant net unrealized depreciation in our portfolio. The effect of all of these factors on our portfolio may reduce our NAV by increasing net unrealized depreciation in our portfolio. Depending on market conditions, we could incur substantial realized losses and may suffer additional unrealized losses in future periods, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Further, in connection with the disposition of an investment in a portfolio company, we may be required to make representations about the business and financial affairs of the portfolio company, or may be responsible for the contents of disclosure documents under applicable securities laws. We may also be required to indemnify the purchasers of such investment or underwriters to the extent that any such representations or disclosure documents turn out to be incorrect, inaccurate or misleading. These arrangements may result in contingent liabilities, for which we may establish reserves or escrows. However, we can offer no assurance that we will adequately reserve for our contingent liabilities and that such liabilities will not have an adverse effect on us. Such contingent liabilities might ultimately have to be funded by proceeds, including the return of capital, from our other investments. Our prospective portfolio companies may prepay loans, which may reduce our yields if capital returned cannot be invested in transactions with equal or greater expected yields. The loans in our investment portfolio may be prepaid at any time, generally with little advance notice. Whether a loan is prepaid will depend both on the continued positive performance of the portfolio company and the existence of favorable financing market conditions that allow such company the ability to replace existing financing with less expensive capital. As market conditions change, we do not know when, and if, prepayment may be possible for each portfolio company. In some cases, the prepayment of a loan may reduce our achievable yield if the capital returned cannot be invested in transactions with equal or greater expected yields, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our prospective portfolio companies may be unable to repay or refinance outstanding principal on their loans at or prior to maturity. We have a maturity policy between three to six years for our debt investments. The portfolio companies in which we expect to invest may be unable to repay or refinance outstanding principal on their loans at or prior to maturity. This risk and the risk of default is increased to the extent that the loan documents do not require the portfolio companies to pay down the outstanding principal of such debt prior to maturity. As a result, once our investments mature we will need to seek new investments for such capital. Any failure of one or more portfolio companies to repay or refinance its debt at or prior to maturity or the inability of one or more portfolio companies to make ongoing payments following an increase in contractual interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Our investments in portfolio companies may expose us to environmental risks. We may invest in companies engaged in the ownership (direct or indirect), operation, management or development of real properties that may contain hazardous or toxic substances, and, therefore, may be potentially liable for removal or remediation costs, as well as certain other costs, including governmental fines and liabilities for injuries to persons and property. The existence of any such material environmental liability could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations, cash flow and share price of any such portfolio company. As a result, our investment performance could suffer substantially. There can be no guarantee that all costs and risks regarding compliance with environmental laws and regulations can be identified. New and more stringent environmental and health and safety laws, regulations and permit requirements or stricter interpretations of current laws or regulations could impose substantial additional costs on portfolio investment or potential investments. Compliance with such current or future environmental requirements does not ensure that the operations of the portfolio investments will not cause injury to the environment or to people under all circumstances or that the portfolio investments will not be required to incur additional unforeseen environmental expenditures. Moreover, failure to comply with any such requirements could have a material adverse effect on an investment, and we can offer no assurance that the portfolio investments will at all times comply with all applicable environmental laws, regulations and permit requirements. We are a non-diversified investment company within the meaning of the 1940 Act, and therefore we are not limited with respect to the proportion of our assets that may be invested in securities of a single issuer. We are classified as a non -diversified Our portfolio may be concentrated in a limited number of portfolio companies and industries, which will subject us to a risk of significant loss if any of these companies defaults on its obligations under any of its debt instruments or if there is a downturn in a particular industry. Our portfolio may be concentrated in a limited number of portfolio companies and industries. As a result, the aggregate returns we realize may be significantly and adversely affected if a small number of investments perform poorly or if we need to write down the value of any one investment. Additionally, while we are not targeting any specific industries, our investments may be concentrated in relatively few industries. For example, although we may classify the industries of our portfolio companies by end -market -markets Our failure to make follow-on investments in our portfolio companies could impair the value of our portfolio. Following an initial investment in a portfolio company, we may make additional investments in that portfolio company as “follow -on • • • We have discretion to make follow -on -on -on -on -on Because we generally do not hold controlling equity interests in our portfolio companies, we may not be able to exercise control over our portfolio companies or to prevent decisions by management of our portfolio companies that could decrease the value of our investments and there is no assurance that portfolio company management will be able to operate their companies in accordance with our expectations. To the extent that we do not hold controlling equity interests in portfolio companies, we will have a limited ability to protect our position in such portfolio companies. We may also co -invest -party -party -investor Furthermore, the day -to-day Our portfolio companies may incur debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, our investments in such companies and such portfolio companies may not generate sufficient cash flow to service their debt obligations to us. We may invest a portion of our capital in second lien and subordinated loans issued by our portfolio companies. Our portfolio companies may have, or be permitted to incur, other debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, the debt securities in which we invest. Such subordinated investments are subject to greater risk of default than senior obligations as a result of adverse changes in the financial condition of the obligor or in general economic conditions. If we make a subordinated investment in a portfolio company, the portfolio company may be highly leveraged, and its relatively high debt -to-equity in full before we receive any distribution in respect of our investment. After repaying senior creditors, the portfolio company may not have any remaining assets to use for repaying its obligation to us where we are junior creditor. In the case of debt ranking equally with debt securities in which we invest, we would have to share any distributions on an equal and ratable basis with other creditors holding such debt in the event of an insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of the relevant portfolio company. Additionally, certain loans that we make to portfolio companies may be secured on a second priority basis by the same collateral securing senior secured debt of such companies. The first priority liens on the collateral will secure the portfolio company’s obligations under any outstanding senior debt and may secure certain other future debt that may be permitted to be incurred by the portfolio company under the agreements governing the loans. The holders of obligations secured by first priority liens on the collateral will generally control the liquidation of, and be entitled to receive proceeds from, any realization of the collateral to repay their obligations in full before us. In addition, the value of the collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from sales of all of the collateral would be sufficient to satisfy the loan obligations secured by the second priority liens after payment in full of all obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral. If such proceeds were not sufficient to repay amounts outstanding under the loan obligations secured by the second priority liens, then we, to the extent not repaid from the proceeds of the sale of the collateral, will only have an unsecured claim against the portfolio company’s remaining assets, if any. We may make unsecured loans to portfolio companies, meaning that such loans will not benefit from any interest in collateral of such companies. Liens on a portfolio company’s collateral, if any, will secure the portfolio company’s obligations under its outstanding secured debt and may secure certain future debt that is permitted to be incurred by the portfolio company under its secured loan agreements. The holders of obligations secured by such liens will generally control the liquidation of, and be entitled to receive proceeds from, any realization of such collateral to repay their obligations in full before us. In addition, the value of such collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from sales of such collateral would be sufficient to satisfy our unsecured loan obligations after payment in full of all loans secured by collateral. If such proceeds were not sufficient to repay the outstanding secured loan obligations, then our unsecured claims would rank equally with the unpaid portion of such secured creditors’ claims against the portfolio company’s remaining assets, if any. The rights we may have with respect to the collateral securing any junior priority loans we make to our portfolio companies may also be limited pursuant to the terms of one or more intercreditor agreements that we enter into with the holders of senior debt. Under a typical intercreditor agreement, at any time that obligations that have the benefit of the first priority liens are outstanding, any of the following actions that may be taken in respect of the collateral will be at the direction of the holders of the obligations secured by the first priority liens: • • • • • We may not have the ability to control or direct such actions, even if our rights as junior lenders are adversely affected. The disposition of our investments may result in contingent liabilities. A significant portion of our investments will involve private securities. In connection with the disposition of an investment in private securities, we may be required to make representations about the business and financial affairs of the portfolio company typical of those made in connection with the sale of a business. We may also be required to indemnify the purchasers of such investment to the extent that any such representations turn out to be inaccurate or with respect to potential liabilities. These arrangements may result in contingent liabilities that ultimately result in funding obligations that we must satisfy through our return of distributions previously made to us. The Advisor’s and Administrator’s liability is limited, and we have agreed to indemnify each against certain liabilities, which may lead them to act in a riskier manner on our behalf than it would when acting for its own account. Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Advisor does not assume any responsibility to us other than to render the services called for under that agreement, and it is not responsible for any action of our Board in following or declining to follow the Advisor’s advice or recommendations. Under the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Advisor, its officers, members, personnel and any person controlling or controlled by the Advisor are not liable to us, any subsidiary of ours, our directors, our stockholders or any subsidiary’s stockholders or partners for acts or omissions performed in accordance with and pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, except those resulting from acts constituting willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the Advisor’s duties under the Investment Advisory Agreement. In addition, we have agreed to indemnify the Advisor and each of its officers, directors, members, managers and employees from and against any claims or liabilities, including reasonable legal fees and other expenses reasonably incurred, arising out of or in connection with our business and operations or any action taken or omitted on our behalf pursuant to authority granted by the Investment Advisory Agreement, except by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence, in the performance of such person’s duties or by reason of reckless disregard of such person’s obligations and duties under the Investment Advisory Agreement. Similarly, the Administrator and certain specified parties providing administrative services pursuant to the relevant agreement are not liable to us or our stockholders for, and we have agreed to indemnify them for, any claims or losses arising out of the good faith performance of their duties or obligations, except by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence, in the performance of such services or duties or by reason of reckless disregard of the Administrator or such person’s obligations and duties. These protections may lead the Advisor or the Administrator to act in a riskier manner when acting on our behalf than it would when acting for its own account. We are subject to risks under hedging transactions and our ability to enter into transactions involving derivatives and financial commitment transactions may be limited. Though we do not engage in hedging transactions as a principal investment strategy, we may in the future engage in hedging transactions in the form of interest rate swaps, caps, collars and floors, intended to limit our exposure to interest rate fluctuations to the limited extent such transactions are permitted under the 1940 Act and applicable commodities laws. Engaging in hedging transactions would entail additional risks to our stockholders. In addition, we are subject to legislation that limits our ability to enter into such transactions. For example, in August 2022, Rule 18f -4 -at-risk -4 -4 -4 -4 In each such case, we generally would seek to hedge against fluctuations of the relative values of our portfolio positions from changes in market interest rates. Hedging against a decline in the values of our portfolio positions would not eliminate the possibility of fluctuations in the values of such positions or prevent losses if the values of the positions declined. However, such hedging could establish other positions designed to gain from those same developments, thereby offsetting the decline in the value of such portfolio positions. Such hedging transactions could also limit the opportunity for gain if the values of the underlying portfolio positions increased. Moreover, it might not be possible to hedge against an exchange rate or interest rate fluctuation that was so generally anticipated that we would not be able to enter into a hedging transaction at an acceptable price. Use of a hedging transaction could involve counterparty credit risk. The success of any hedging transactions we may enter into will depend on our ability to correctly predict movements in interest rates. Therefore, while we may enter into hedging transactions to seek to reduce interest rate risks, unanticipated changes in interest rates could result in poorer overall investment performance than if we had not engaged in any such hedging transactions. In addition, the degree of correlation between price movements of the instruments used in a hedging strategy and price movements in the portfolio positions being hedged could vary. Moreover, for a variety of reasons, we might not seek to (or be able to) establish a perfect correlation between the hedging instruments and the portfolio holdings being hedged. Any such imperfect correlation could prevent us from achieving the intended hedge and expose us to risk of loss. Our ability to engage in hedging transactions may also be adversely affected by rules adopted by the CFTC. We may not realize gains from our equity investments. When we invest in loans, we may acquire warrants or other equity securities of portfolio companies as well. We ma | | | | | | |
Risks Relating to Our Common Stock [Member] | | | | | | | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | | | | | | | |
Risk [Text Block] | | Risks Relating to Our Common Stock Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our shares of common stock, and we cannot assure you that a market for our shares of common stock will develop or that the market price of our shares of common stock will not decline following the offering. Our share of common stock price may be volatile and may fluctuate substantially. We have been approved to list our shares of common stock on The New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “KBDC.” We cannot assure you that a trading market will develop for our shares of common stock after this offering or, if one develops, that the trading market can be sustained. In addition, we cannot predict the prices at which our shares of common stock will trade. The offering price for our shares of common stock will be determined through our negotiations with the underwriters and may not bear any relationship to the market price at which it may trade after this offering. Shares of companies offered in an initial public offering often trade at a discount to the initial offering price due to underwriting discounts and commissions and related offering expenses. Also, shares of closed -end -end -end The market price and liquidity of the market for our shares of common stock may be significantly affected by numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control and may not be directly related to our operating performance. These factors include: • • • • • • • • • • Sales of substantial amounts of our shares of common stock in the public market may have an adverse effect on the market price of our shares of common stock. Upon completion of this offering, we will have 71,116,459 Any shares purchased in this offering or currently owned by our affiliates, as defined in the Securities Act, will be subject to the public information, manner of sale and volume limitations of Rule 144 under the Securities Act. The remaining shares of common stock that will be outstanding upon the completion of this offering will be “restricted securities” under the meaning of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act and may only be sold if such sale is registered under the Securities Act or exempt from registration, including the exemption under Rule 144. See “ Shares Eligible For Future Sale In addition, the shares owned by our current stockholders are subject to lock -up Shares Eligible for Future Sale — Transfer and Resale Restrictions Underwriters Following this offering and the expiration of applicable lock -up Trading in our shares may be limited and our shares may trade below NAV. We cannot assure you that a public trading market can be sustained. Shares of companies offered in an initial public offering often trade at a discount to the initial offering price due to underwriting discounts and related offering expenses. Also, shares of closed -end -end Certain provisions of the DGCL, our certificate of incorporation, bylaws, and actions of our Board could deter takeover attempts and have an adverse impact on the value of common stock. The General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended (the “DGCL”), contains provisions that may discourage, delay or make more difficult a change in control of us or the removal of our directors. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that limit liability and provide for indemnification of our directors and officers. These provisions and others which we may adopt also may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control or management. We are subject to Section 203 of the DGCL, the application of which is subject to any applicable requirements of the 1940 Act. This section generally prohibits us from engaging in mergers and other business combinations with stockholders that beneficially own 15% or more of our voting stock, either individually or together with their affiliates, unless our directors or stockholders approve the business combination in the prescribed manner. Section 203 of the DGCL may discourage third parties from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating such an offer. We have also adopted measures that may make it difficult for a third party to obtain control of us, including provisions of our certificate of incorporation that classify our Board in three classes serving staggered three -year Description of Our Capital Stock — Provisions of the DGCL and Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws — Delaware Anti -takeover Law During extended periods of capital market disruption and instability, there is a risk that you may not receive distributions or that our distributions may not grow over time and a portion of our distributions may be a return of capital. We intend to make periodic distributions to our stockholders out of assets legally available for distribution. We cannot assure you that we will achieve investment results that will allow us to make a specified level of cash distributions or year -to-year A return of capital distribution may cause a stockholder to recognize a capital gain from the sale of our common stock even if the stockholder sells its shares for less than the original purchase price. Investing in our common stock may involve an above average degree of risk. The investments we make in accordance with our investment objective may result in a higher amount of risk than alternative investment options and a higher risk of volatility or loss of principal. Our investments in portfolio companies involve higher levels of risk, and therefore, an investment in our shares may not be suitable for someone with lower risk tolerance. In addition, our common stock is intended for long -term -like A stockholder’s interest in us will be diluted if we issue additional shares, which could reduce the overall value of an investment in us. Our stockholders do not have preemptive rights to any shares of common stock we issue in the future. To the extent that we issue additional equity interests at or below NAV your percentage ownership interest in us may be diluted and will be diluted as a result of the shares to be issued in this offering. In addition, depending upon the terms and pricing of any future and the value of our investments, you may also experience dilution in the book value and fair value of your shares of common stock. Under the 1940 Act, we generally are prohibited from issuing or selling our shares of common stock at a price below NAV per share, which may be a disadvantage as compared with certain public companies. We may, however, sell our shares of common stock, or warrants, options, or rights to acquire our shares of common stock, at a price below the current NAV of our shares of common stock if our Board determines that such sale is in our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders, and our stockholders, including a majority of those stockholders that are not affiliated with us, approve such sale. In any such case, the price at which our securities are to be issued and sold may not be less than a price that, in the determination of our Board, closely approximates the fair value of such securities (less any distributing commission or discount). If we raise additional funds by issuing our shares of common stock or senior securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, our shares of common stock, then the percentage ownership of our stockholders at that time will decrease and you will experience dilution. In addition, distributions declared in cash payable to stockholders that are participants in our DRIP will generally be automatically reinvested in our shares of common stock. As a result, stockholders that do not participate in our DRIP may experience dilution over time. We may be subject to risks that arise from newly enacted federal tax legislation and our stockholders may receive our shares of common stock as dividends, which could result in adverse tax consequences to them. The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, among other things, introduced a 15% book minimum tax on larger corporations, a 1% excise tax on stock buybacks and increased investment in the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) to aid in the enforcement of tax laws. The impact of such legislation, as well as federal tax legislation proposed but not yet enacted, on us, our stockholders and entities in which we may invest is uncertain. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the effects of the new legislation on an investment in the Company. In particular, in order to satisfy the annual distribution requirement applicable to RICs, we will have the ability to declare a large portion of a dividend in our shares of common stock instead of in cash. As long as a portion of such dividend is paid in cash (which portion may be as low as 20% of such dividend) and certain requirements are met, the entire distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, a stockholder generally would be subject to tax on 100% of the fair market value of the dividend on the date the dividend is received by the stockholder in the same manner as a cash dividend, even though most of the dividend was paid in our shares of common stock. We currently do not intend to pay dividends in our shares of common stock. We may in the future determine to issue preferred stock, which could adversely affect the value of shares of Common Stock. The issuance of preferred stock with dividend or conversion rights, liquidation preferences or other economic terms favorable to the holders of preferred stock could make an investment in shares of common stock less attractive. In addition, the dividends on any preferred stock we issue must be cumulative. Payment of dividends and repayment of the liquidation preference of preferred stock must take preference over any distributions or other payments to holders of common stock, and holders of preferred stock are not subject to any of our expenses or losses and are not entitled to participate in any income or appreciation in excess of their stated preference (other than convertible preferred stock that converts into shares of common stock). In addition, under the 1940 Act, preferred stock would constitute a “senior security” for purposes of the 150% asset coverage test. We do not currently anticipate issuing preferred stock. | | | | | | |
General Risk Factors [Member] | | | | | | | | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | | | | | | | | |
Risk [Text Block] | | General Risk Factors Global economic, political and market conditions, including uncertainty about the financial stability of the United States, could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The current worldwide financial markets situation, as well as various social and political tensions in the United States and around the world (including wars and other forms of conflict, terrorist acts, security operations and catastrophic events such as fires, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes and global health epidemics), may contribute to increased market volatility, may have long term effects on the United States and worldwide financial markets, and may cause economic uncertainties or deterioration in the United States and worldwide. For example, the COVID -19 In addition, the large -scale counter measures or retaliatory actions which could adversely impact our business or the business of our portfolio companies, including, but not limited to, cyberattacks targeting private companies, individuals or other infrastructure upon which our business and the business of our portfolio companies rely. In addition, the political reunification of China and Taiwan, over which China continues to claim sovereignty, is a highly complex issue that has included threats of invasion by China. Any escalation of hostility between China and/or Taiwan would likely have a significant adverse impact not only on the value of investments in both countries, but also on economies and financial markets globally. In addition, the recent outbreak of hostilities in the Middle East and escalating tensions in the region may create volatility and disruption of global markets. We do not currently have portfolio investments with direct exposure to the Middle East, China, Taiwan, Russia or Ukraine. Political, social and economic uncertainty, including uncertainty related to the COVID-19 pandemic, creates and exacerbates risks. Social, political, economic and other conditions and events (such as natural disasters, epidemics and pandemics, terrorism, conflicts and social unrest) will occur that create uncertainty and have significant impacts on issuers, industries, governments and other systems, including the financial markets, to which companies and their investments are exposed. As global systems, economies and financial markets are increasingly interconnected, events that once had only local impact are now more likely to have regional or even global effects. Events that occur in one country, region or financial market will, more frequently, adversely impact issuers in other countries, regions or markets, including in established markets such as the U.S. Such risks include the large -scale -19 Uncertainty can result in or coincide with, among other things: increased volatility in the financial markets for securities, derivatives, loans, credit and currency; a decrease in the reliability of market prices and difficulty in valuing assets (including portfolio company assets); greater fluctuations in spreads on debt investments and currency exchange rates; increased risk of default (by both government and private obligors and issuers); further social, economic, and political instability; nationalization of private enterprise; greater governmental involvement in the economy or in social factors that impact the economy; changes to governmental regulation and supervision of the loan, securities, derivatives and currency markets and market participants and decreased or revised monitoring of such markets by governments or self -regulatory For example, the COVID -19 -offs or other infectious diseases. The COVID -19 -19 -introduction -introduction Although it is impossible to predict the precise nature and consequences of these events, or of any political or policy decisions and regulatory changes occasioned by emerging events or uncertainty on applicable laws or regulations that impact us and our targeted investments, it is clear that these types of events are impacting and will, for at least some time, continue to impact us and our targeted investments and, in certain instances, the impact will be adverse and profound. If public health uncertainties and market disruptions continue for an extended period of time, loan delinquencies, loan non -accruals -accruals We will also be negatively affected if the operations and effectiveness of us or a portfolio company (or any of the key personnel or service providers of the foregoing) is compromised or if necessary or beneficial systems and processes are disrupted. We are subject to risks related to corporate responsibility. Our business faces increasing public scrutiny related to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) activities. We risk damage to our brand and reputation if we fail to act responsibly in a number of areas, such as environmental stewardship, corporate governance and transparency and considering ESG factors in our investment processes. Adverse incidents with respect to ESG activities could impact the value of our brand, the cost of our operations and relationships with investors, all of which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Additionally, new regulatory initiatives related to ESG could adversely affect our business. | | | | | | |
Net Realized Capital Gains [Member] | | | | | | | | |
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | | | | | | | | |
Expense Example, Year 01 | [14] | $ 185 | | | | | | |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 | [14] | 392 | | | | | | |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 | [14] | 566 | | | | | | |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 | [14] | 893 | | | | | | |
Investment Income Net [Member] | | | | | | | | |
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | | | | | | | | |
Expense Example, Year 01 | [15] | 169 | | | | | | |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 | [15] | 353 | | | | | | |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 | [15] | 514 | | | | | | |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 | [15] | $ 839 | | | | | | |
Corporate Credit Facility [Member] | | | | | | | | |
Financial Highlights [Abstract] | | | | | | | | |
Senior Securities Amount | [10] | | $ 198 | $ 234 | $ 192 | $ 237 | $ 269 | |
Senior Securities Coverage per Unit | [11] | | $ 2,230 | $ 1,980 | $ 2,140 | $ 2,010 | $ 2,030 | |
Preferred Stock Liquidating Preference | [12] | | | | | | | |
Revolving Funding Facility [Member] | | | | | | | | |
Financial Highlights [Abstract] | | | | | | | | |
Senior Securities Amount | [10] | | $ 319 | $ 306 | $ 306 | $ 320 | $ 200 | |
Senior Securities Coverage per Unit | [11] | | $ 2,230 | $ 1,980 | $ 2,140 | $ 2,010 | $ 2,030 | |
Preferred Stock Liquidating Preference | [12] | | | | | | | |
Revolving Funding Facility II [Member] | | | | | | | | |
Financial Highlights [Abstract] | | | | | | | | |
Senior Securities Amount | [10],[16] | | $ 67 | $ 70 | | | | |
Senior Securities Coverage per Unit | [11],[16] | | $ 2,230 | $ 1,980 | | | | |
Preferred Stock Liquidating Preference | [12],[16] | | | | | | | |
Subscription Credit Agreement [Member] | | | | | | | | |
Financial Highlights [Abstract] | | | | | | | | |
Senior Securities Amount | [10] | | | $ 10.8 | $ 25 | $ 9 | $ 108 | $ 105 |
Senior Securities Coverage per Unit | [11] | | | $ 1,980 | $ 2,140 | $ 2,010 | $ 2,030 | $ 2,170 |
Preferred Stock Liquidating Preference | [12] | | | | | | | |
Loan and Security Agreement (LSA) [Member] | | | | | | | | |
Financial Highlights [Abstract] | | | | | | | | |
Senior Securities Amount | [10],[17] | | | | | | | $ 162 |
Senior Securities Coverage per Unit | [11],[17] | | | | | | | $ 2,170 |
Preferred Stock Liquidating Preference | [12],[17] | | | | | | | |
Securities [Member] | | | | | | | | |
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] | | | | | | | | |
Security Dividends [Text Block] | | Distributions may be paid to the holders of our common stock if, as and when authorized by our Board and declared by us out of assets legally available therefor. | | | | | | |
Security Voting Rights [Text Block] | | Each share of our common stock is entitled to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors. Except as provided with respect to any other class or series of stock, the holders of our common stock will possess exclusive voting power. There is no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which means that holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock can elect all of our directors, and holders of less than a majority of such shares will not be able to elect any directors. | | | | | | |
Security Preemptive and Other Rights [Text Block] | | Our shares of common stock have no preemptive, exchange, conversion or redemption rights and are freely transferable, except when their transfer is restricted by federal and state securities laws or by contract. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, each share of our common stock would be entitled to share ratably in all of our assets that are legally available for distribution after we pay all debts and other liabilities and subject to any preferential rights of holders of our preferred stock, if any preferred stock is outstanding at such time. | | | | | | |
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[1]The sales load (underwriting discount and commission) with respect to the shares of common stock sold in this offering, which is a one -time The expenses of the dividend reinvestment plan are included in “other expenses” in the table above. Our common stockholders will ultimately bear indirectly the DRIP administrator’s fees. For additional information, see “ Dividend Reinvestment Plan Management and Other Agreements — Investment Advisory Agreement — Base Management Fee. Management and Other Agreements — Investment Advisory Agreement — Payment of Incentive Fees Management and Other Agreements — Investment Advisory Agreement Management and Other Agreements — Investment Advisory Agreement; Administration Agreement | |