Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2019 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Basis of presentation | Basis of presentation These Consolidated Financial Statements reflect the historical balance sheets, statements of operations, statements of comprehensive income, statements of changes in shareholders’ equity and statements of cash flows of the Company. Within these Consolidated Financial Statements, OM plc, HNA, Paulson and their related entities, as defined above, are referred to as “related parties.” The Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). All dollar amounts, except per-share data in the text and tables herein, are stated in millions unless otherwise indicated. Transactions between the Company and its related parties are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements, however material intercompany balances and transactions among the Company, its consolidated Affiliates and consolidated Funds are eliminated in consolidation. |
Revenue recognition | Revenue recognition Revenue from contracts with customers The Company recognizes revenue when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in accordance with the revenue recognition guidance. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and, therefore, not distinct. The Company’s management fee revenue is calculated based upon levels of assets under management multiplied by a fee rate. Management fee revenue is typically calculated on a monthly or quarterly basis, but is earned continuously as performance obligations are fulfilled. The transaction price is variable in contracts which calculate AUM on an average basis over a specified period and this variability is resolved at the end of the period, when the actual average AUM for the contract period may be calculated. The Company is able to resolve the variability and calculate the most likely amount to be recognized for any given period by estimating revenue based upon a daily average AUM. For certain of the Company’s Alternative funds, management fee revenue is calculated based on a percentage of assets under management or total capital commitments. These Alternative funds can also include “catch-up” provisions such that the Company records revenue for payments of fund management fees back to the initial closing date for funds with multiple closings, less placement fees paid to third parties related to these funds. All of the Company’s performance obligations are satisfied ratably over time and there is no distinction in the methodology used to recognize management fee revenue in instances where there is more than one performance obligation. Typically, revenue is recognized over time using a time-based output measure to measure progress. Management fees are recognized monthly as services are rendered. Affiliates that manage tangible property may also earn transaction fees at the time the underlying property is bought and sold. Any fees collected in advance are deferred and recognized as income over the period earned. Dividend income received is recorded on the ex-dividend date. Performance fees are generally assessed as a percentage of the investment performance realized on a client’s account. Additionally, separate accounts or other products which primarily earn management fees are potentially subject to performance adjustments up or down based on investment performance versus benchmark. Performance fees, including those that are subject to clawback, are recognized when they (i) become billable to customers (based on contractual terms of agreements) and (ii) are not subject to contingent repayment. The Company is required to capitalize certain costs directly related to the acquisition or fulfillment of a contract with a customer. The Company has noted no instances where sales-based compensation or similar costs met the definition of an incremental cost to acquire a contract with a customer in accordance with revenue recognition guidance. There are no instances where the Company has incurred costs to fulfill a contract with a customer, therefore no intangible assets related to contract acquisition or fulfillment have been recognized. For each one of its contracts with customers, the Company identifies one or more performance obligations within the contract and then, for each performance obligation, determines if it is a principal (where the nature of its promise is to provide a specified good or service itself) or an agent (where the nature of its promise is to arrange for a good or service to be provided by another party). In instances where a customer reimburses the Company for a cost paid on the customer’s behalf, if the Company is acting as a principal, the reimbursement is recorded on a gross basis and if the Company is acting as an agent, the reimbursement is recorded on a net basis. Certain Funds reimburse the Company’s Affiliates for certain expenses where the Affiliate is acting as a principal, primarily for compensation expense for field office personnel at several Timber Funds (as defined below). Revenue from expense reimbursement is accrued at cost as the corresponding reimbursable expenses are incurred and is recorded in other revenue in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. Revenue from other sources Other revenue also includes interest income on cash and cash equivalents and revenue from administration and consulting services. The revenue of consolidated Funds that invest in Timber (the “Timber Funds”) is recognized from log and fiber sales upon delivery to the customer. The Company is typically responsible for all logging and hauling costs. However, under pay-as-cut timber contracts, title and risk of loss from stumpage sales transfer to the buyer as the trees are cut. Revenue is recognized as timber is harvested. The buyer is typically responsible for all logging and hauling costs. |
Compensation arrangements | Compensation arrangements The Company operates short term variable compensation arrangements where generally, a percentage of each Affiliate’s annual pre-variable compensation earnings, as defined in each arrangement, is allocated to a “pool” of each respective Affiliate’s key employees and subsequently distributed to individuals subject to recommendation and approval of a remuneration committee comprised of both the Company’s and each respective Affiliate’s management. Variable compensation expense is accrued and recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as services are provided by individual employees. The Company operates longer term profit-interest plans whereby certain Affiliate key employees are granted (or have a right to purchase) awards representing a profits interest in their respective Affiliate, as distinct from an equity interest due to the lack of pari passu voting rights. Under these plans, the Company may award a portion of the aforementioned variable compensation arrangement through issuance of a profits interest in the Affiliate. The awards generally have a three - to five -year vesting period from the grant date, and the service period begins at the commencement of the financial period to which the variable compensation relates. Under these plans, Affiliate key employees are eligible to share in the profits of their respective Affiliates based on their respective percentage interest held. In addition, under certain circumstances, Affiliate key employees are eligible to receive repurchase payments upon exiting the plans based on a multiple of the last twelve months profits of their respective Affiliate, as defined. Profits allocated and movements in the potential repurchase value, determined based on a fixed multiple times trailing twelve month profits, as defined, are recognized as compensation expense. Profit interests compensation liabilities are re-measured at each reporting date at the twelve month earnings multiple, with movements treated as compensation expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. |
Share-based compensation plans | Share-based compensation plans The Company recognizes the cost of all share-based payments to directors, senior management and employees, including grants of restricted stock and stock options, as compensation expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the respective vesting periods. Awards made previously under OM plc’s restricted stock and stock options plans are accounted for as equity settled, and the grant date fair value is recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period, with a corresponding contribution to additional paid-in capital. Awards made under the Company’s equity plans are accounted for as equity settled, and the grant date fair value is recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period, with a corresponding contribution to additional paid-in capital. Valuation of restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is determined based on the Company’s closing share price as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange on the measurement date. For performance-based awards and stock options, a Monte-Carlo simulation model is used to determine the fair value. Key inputs for the model include: assumed reinvestment of dividends, risk-free interest rate, expected volatility and term. All excess tax benefits and deficiencies on share-based payment awards are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In addition, the tax effects of exercised or vested awards are treated as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur and excess tax benefits or deficiencies are classified with other income tax cash flows as an operating activity in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur. The Company has compensation arrangements with certain of its Affiliates whereby in exchange for continued service, Affiliate equity is either purchased by, or granted to Affiliate key employees and may be repurchased either by Affiliate key employees or by the Company at a future date, subject to service requirements having been met. Awards of equity made to Affiliate key employees are accounted for as cash settled, with the fair value recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period, with a corresponding liability carried within other compensation liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets until the award is settled. The fair value of the liabilities are determined with the assistance of third party valuation specialists using discounted cash flow analyses which incorporate assumptions for the forecasted earnings information, market risk adjustments, discount rates and post-vesting restrictions. The liabilities are revalued at each reporting period, with any movements recorded within compensation expense. |
Consolidation | Consolidation Affiliates The Company evaluates each of its Affiliates and other operating entities to determine the appropriate method of accounting. Generally, majority-owned entities or otherwise controlled investments in which the Company holds a controlling financial interest as the principal shareholder, managing member, or general partner are consolidated. Funds In the normal course of business, the Company’s Affiliates sponsor and manage certain investment vehicles (the “Funds”). The Company assesses consolidation requirements with respect to its Funds. In evaluating whether or not a legal entity must be consolidated, the Company determines if such entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) or a voting interest entity (“VOE”). A VOE is considered an entity in which (i) the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to enable the entity to finance its activities independently and (ii) the equity holders at risk have the obligation to absorb losses, the right to receive residual returns, and the right to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance. A VIE is an entity that lacks one or more of the characteristics of a VOE. Assessing whether an entity is a VIE or VOE involves judgment and analysis. Factors considered in this assessment include the entity’s legal organization, the entity’s capital structure and equity ownership and any related party or de-facto agent implications of the Company’s involvement with the entity. Investments that are determined to be VIEs are consolidated if the Company or a consolidated Affiliate is the primary beneficiary of the investment. In evaluating whether the Company is the primary beneficiary, the Company evaluates its economic interests in the entity held either directly by the Company or indirectly through related parties on a proportional basis. The primary beneficiary of the VIE is defined as the variable interest holder that has a controlling financial interest. A controlling financial interest is defined as (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impacts its economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. If no single party satisfies both criteria, but the Company and its related parties satisfy the criteria on a combined basis, then the primary beneficiary is the entity out of the related party group that is most closely associated to the VIE. The consolidation analysis can generally be performed qualitatively, however, if it is not readily apparent that the Company is not the primary beneficiary, a quantitative analysis may also be performed. The Company generally is not the primary beneficiary of Fund VIEs created to manage assets for clients unless the Company’s ownership interest in the fund, including interests of related parties on a proportional basis, is significant. The Company consolidates VOEs when it has control over significant operating, financial and investing decisions of the entity or holds the majority voting interest. Upon the occurrence of certain events (such as contributions and redemptions, either by the Company, its Affiliates, or third parties, or amendments to the governing documents of the Company’s investees or sponsored Funds) management reviews and reconsiders its previous conclusion regarding the status of an entity as a VIE or a VOE. Additionally, management continually reconsiders whether the Company is deemed to be a VIE’s primary beneficiary who consolidates such entity. |
Investments and Investment Transactions | Investments and Investment Transactions Valuation of investments held at fair value Valuation of Fund investments, including Timber Funds, is evaluated pursuant to the fair value methodology discussed below. Other investments are categorized as trading and recorded at estimated fair value. Realized and unrealized gains and losses arising from changes in fair value of investments are reported within investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 4 for a summary of the fair value inputs utilized to determine the fair value of other investments held at fair value. Security transactions The Company generally records securities transactions on a trade-date basis. Realized gains and losses on securities transactions are generally determined on the average-cost method (net of foreign capital gain taxes) and for certain transactions determined based on the specific identification method. Income and expense recognition The Company records interest income on an accrual basis and includes amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Dividend income and expense on dividends sold short are recorded on the ex-dividend date, net of applicable withholding taxes. Expenses are recorded on an accrual basis. Short sales Certain Funds may sell a security they do not own in anticipation of a decline in the fair value of that security. When a Fund sells a security short, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale. The short sales are secured by the long portfolio and available cash. The Fund records a gain, limited to the price at which the Fund sold the security short, or a loss, unlimited in size, upon the termination of a short sale. The amount of the gain or loss will be equal to the proceeds received in entering into the short sale less the cost of buying back the short security to close the short position. While the transaction is open, the Fund will incur an expense for any accrued dividends or interest which is paid to the lender of the securities. These short sales may involve a level of risk in excess of the liability recognized in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The extent of such risk cannot be quantified. Funds’ Derivatives Certain Funds may use derivative instruments. The Funds’ derivative instruments may include foreign currency exchange contracts, credit default swaps, interest rate swaps, financial futures contracts and warrants. The fair values of derivative instruments are recorded as other assets of consolidated Funds or other liabilities of consolidated Funds on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Funds have used foreign exchange forwards to hedge the risk of movement in exchange rates on financial assets on a limited basis. The Company’s Funds have not designated any financial instruments for hedge accounting, as defined in the accounting literature, during the periods presented. The gains or losses on Fund’s derivative instruments not designated for hedge accounting are included as net consolidated Funds gains or losses in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. |
Foreign currency transactions and translations | Foreign currency translation and transactions Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. entities for which the local currency is the functional currency are translated at current exchange rates as of the end of the accounting period. The related revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates in effect during the period. Net exchange gains and losses resulting from translation are excluded from income and are recorded as part of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Transactions denominated in a foreign currency are revalued at the current exchange rate at the transaction date and any related gains and losses are recognized in earnings. |
Equity method investments | Equity method investments The Company uses the equity method of accounting for investments that provide the Company with the ability to exercise significant influence over an entity, but that do not meet the requirements for consolidation. Equity method investments include two Affiliates, Heitman (through November 30, 2017) and Investment Counselors of Maryland, LLC, as well as all unconsolidated Funds over which the Company exercises significant influence. In August 2017, the Company agreed in principle to sell its stake in Heitman to Heitman’s management. Pursuant to that term sheet, BSIG entered into a redemption agreement on November 17, 2017. Heitman continued to be recorded as an equity method investment through November 30, 2017, at which point the Company reclassified its investment in Heitman to a cost-method investment. The transaction closed on January 5, 2018. Equity-accounted investments in consolidated Funds is comprised of investments in partnership interests where a portion of the return includes carried interest. These investments are accounted for within the scope of ASC 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures because the Company has determined it has significant influence. The Company’s share of earnings from equity method investments is included in investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The carrying amounts of equity method investments are reflected in Investments and assets of consolidated Funds in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company evaluates its equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not be recoverable. The difference between the carrying value and its estimated fair value is recognized as impairment when the loss is deemed other than temporary. |
Fair value measurements | Fair value measurements In accordance with the accounting standards for fair value measurements, fair value is the price that the Company expects to be paid upon the sale of an asset or expects to pay upon the transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. There is a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability. Inputs may be observable or unobservable and refer broadly to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Observable inputs reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own conclusions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances. Each investment is assigned a level based upon the observability of the inputs which are significant to the overall valuation. Assets and liabilities measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following categories: • Level I—Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical investments as of the reporting date. The type of investments included in Level I include listed equities and listed derivatives. As required by U.S. GAAP, the Company does not adjust the quoted price for these investments. • Level II—Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date, and fair value is determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies utilizing observable market inputs other than quoted prices. Investments which are generally included in this category include corporate bonds and loans, less liquid and restricted equity securities and certain over-the-counter derivatives. • Level III—Pricing inputs are unobservable for the asset or liability and include assets and liabilities where there is little, if any, market activity for the investment. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation. Investments that are included in this category generally include general and limited partner interests in timber funds, corporate private equity, real estate funds, and funds of hedge funds. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, an investment’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the investment. In cases in which the fair value of an investment is established using the net asset value (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient, the investment is not categorized within the fair value hierarchy. |
Use of estimates | Use of estimates The preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. |
Operating segment | Operating segment The Company operates in three |
Derivatives and Hedging | Derivatives and Hedging The Company may utilize derivative financial instruments to hedge the risk of movement of interest rates and foreign currency on financial assets and liabilities. These derivative financial instruments may or may not qualify as hedges for accounting purposes. The Company records all derivative financial instruments as either assets or liabilities on its Consolidated Balance Sheets and measures these instruments at fair value. For a derivative financial instrument that qualifies as a hedge for accounting purposes and is designated as a hedging instrument, the effective portion of the derivative’s gain or loss is initially reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified into earnings over the life of the hedge. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss is recognized in earnings immediately. |
Cash and cash equivalents | Cash and cash equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments, including money market mutual funds, with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates market value due to the short-term maturity of these investments. Cash held by consolidated Funds is not available to fund general liquidity needs of the Company and is therefore classified as restricted cash. |
Investment advisory fees receivable | Investment advisory fees receivable The Company earns management and performance fees which are billed monthly, quarterly and annually in arrears, according to the terms of the relevant investment management agreement. Management and performance fees that have been earned, but have not yet been collected are presented as investment advisory fees receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Due to the short-term nature and liquidity of these receivables, the carrying amounts approximate their fair values. The Company typically does not record an allowance for doubtful accounts or bad debt expense, or any amounts recorded have been immaterial. |
Fixed assets | Fixed assets Fixed assets are recorded at historical cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over its estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives of office equipment and furniture and fixtures range from three to five years . Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the remaining term of the lease. Computer software developed or obtained for internal use capitalized during the application development stage is amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software, which is generally seven years or less. The estimated useful life of building assets is thirty-nine years . The costs of improvements that extend the life of a fixed asset are capitalized, while the costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. |
Intangible assets | Intangible assets Acquired Affiliates have identifiable intangible assets arising from contractual or other legal rights with their clients. In determining the value of acquired intangibles, the Company analyzes the net present value of each acquired Affiliate’s existing client relationships based on a number of factors. The Company analyzes the Affiliate’s historical and potential future operating performance, the Affiliate’s historical and potential future rates of attrition among existing clients, the stability and longevity of existing client relationships, the Affiliate’s recent and long-term investment performance, the characteristics of the firm’s products and investment styles, the stability and depth of the Affiliate’s management team and the Affiliate’s history and perceived franchise or brand value. The Company’s acquired intangible assets are predominately definite-life intangible assets and are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, ranging from five to sixteen years , reflecting the expected duration of such relationships. The Company also holds an indefinite-life intangible asset related to the trade name associated with the Landmark acquisition. The Company tests for the possible impairment of definite-life intangibles whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable. If such indicators exist, the Company compares the undiscounted cash flows related to the asset to the carrying value of the asset. If the carrying value is greater than the undiscounted cash flows amount, an impairment charge is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for amounts necessary to reduce the carrying value of the asset to fair value. Indefinite-life intangible assets are tested for impairment annually as of the first business day of the fourth quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. |
Goodwill | Goodwill The Company records goodwill when the consideration paid in a business acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net total of tangible assets acquired, identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized, but rather is tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or circumstances occur that indicate impairment may exist. Factors that could trigger an impairment review include significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the Company’s use of the acquired assets in a business combination or the strategy for the Company’s overall business, and significant negative industry or economic trends. The Company performs its assessment for impairment of goodwill annually as of the first business day of the fourth quarter, or as necessary, and the Company has determined that it has six reporting units, consisting of the six consolidated Affiliates. The Company first considers various qualitative factors to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of each of the reporting units is greater than its respective carrying amount, including goodwill. If based on the qualitative assessment it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any reporting unit is below its respective carrying amount, therefore indicating that impairment may exist, the impact would be determined at that point through a quantitative assessment. For purposes of assessing potential impairment, the fair value of the reporting unit is estimated and compared to the carrying value of the reporting unit. The fair value of a reporting unit is based on discounted estimated future cash flows. The assumptions used to estimate fair value include management’s estimates of future growth rates, operating cash flows, discount rates and terminal value. These assumptions and estimates can change in future periods based on market movement and factors impacting the expected business performance. Changes in assumptions or estimates could materially affect the determination of the fair value of a reporting unit. If it is determined that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount equal to that excess; not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Based on the Company’s most recent annual goodwill impairment test, the Company concluded that the fair value of each of its reporting units was more likely than not in excess of their carrying values. At the close of each year, management assessed whether there were any conditions present during the fourth quarter that would indicate impairment subsequent to the initial assessment date and concluded that no such conditions were present. |
Leases | Leases The Company and its Affiliates currently lease office space and equipment under various leasing arrangements, classified as operating leases. Some lease agreements contain renewal options, rent escalation clauses or other inducements provided by the landlord. Rent expense is accrued to recognize lease escalation provisions and inducements provided by the landlord, if any, on a straight-line basis over the lease term. |
Earnings per share | Earnings per share The Company calculates basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) by dividing net income by its shares outstanding as outlined below. Basic EPS attributable to the Company’s shareholders is calculated by dividing “Net income attributable to controlling interests” by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is similar to basic EPS, but adjusts for the effect of potential shares of common stock unless they are antidilutive. For periods with a net loss, potential shares of common stock are considered antidilutive. The Company considers two ways to measure dilution to earnings per share: (a) calculate the net number of shares that would be issued assuming any related proceeds are used to buy back outstanding shares (the treasury stock method), or (b) assume the gross number of shares are issued and calculate any related effects on net income available for shareholders (the if-converted or two-class method). As appropriate, the Company’s policy is to apply the more dilutive methodology upon issuance of such instruments. |
Deferred financing costs | Deferred financing costs The Company records debt issuance costs of term loans as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the associated debt liability. For debt issuance costs of revolving credit loans, the Company presents debt issuance costs as an asset and subsequently amortizes the deferred costs ratably over the term of the agreement. |
Income taxes | Income taxes Deferred income taxes are recognized for the effects of temporary differences between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its reported amount in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company’s deferred tax assets have been attributable to federal and state loss carry forwards, interest deductions, and accrued liabilities. Deferred income tax assets are subject to a valuation allowance if, in management’s opinion, it is not more-likely-than-not that these benefits will be realized. In evaluating the Company’s ability to recover its deferred tax assets, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence including its past operating results, the existence of cumulative earnings or losses in the most recent years and its forecast of future taxable income. In estimating future taxable income, the Company develops assumptions including the amount of future pre-tax operating income and the reversal of temporary differences. These assumptions require significant judgment about the forecasts of future taxable income and are consistent with the plans and estimates the Company is using to manage the underlying businesses. The Company’s accounting policy is to treat the global intangible low-taxed income taxes which became effective January 1, 2018 as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act as period costs in the accounting and tax periods in which they are incurred. A tax benefit should only be recognized if it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained based on its technical merits. The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after considering the probability that a tax authority would uphold the position in an examination. For tax positions meeting a “more-likely-than-not” threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest cumulative amount of benefit greater than 50% likely of being sustained. The more-likely-than-not threshold must continue to be met in each reporting period to support continued recognition of the benefit. Unrecognized tax benefits and related interest and penalties, are adjusted periodically to reflect changing facts and circumstances. The Company’s accounting policy is to classify interest and related charges as a component of income tax expense. |
Non-controlling interests | Non-controlling interests For certain entities that are consolidated, but not 100% owned, the Company reports non-controlling interests as equity on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company's consolidated net income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations includes the income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest holders of the Company's consolidated Affiliates and Funds. Ownership interests held by Affiliate key employees are categorized as liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are revalued each reporting date, with movements treated as compensation expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Non-controlling interests in consolidated Funds on the Consolidated Balance Sheets include undistributed income owned by the investors in the respective Funds. The Company’s consolidated net income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations includes the income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest holders of these consolidated entities. |
Redeemable non-controlling interests | Redeemable non-controlling interests The Company includes redeemable non-controlling interests related to certain consolidated Funds as temporary equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Non-controlling interests in certain consolidated Funds are subject to monthly or quarterly redemption by the investors. When redeemable amounts become legally payable to investors, they are classified as a liability and included in total liabilities of consolidated Funds on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | Other comprehensive income (loss) Other comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances, excluding those resulting from investments by and distributions to owners. For the Company’s purposes, comprehensive income (loss) represents net income (loss), as presented in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations, adjusted for net foreign currency translation adjustments and adjustments to the valuation and amortization of certain derivative securities, net of tax. |
Restructuring costs | Restructuring costs A liability for restructuring is recognized only after management has developed a formal plan, approved by the Board of Directors, to which it has committed. The costs included in a restructuring liability are those costs that are either incremental or incurred as a direct result of the plan, or are the result of a continuing contractual obligation with no continuing economic benefit to the Company, or a penalty incurred to cancel the contractual obligation. |
Recently adopted accounting standards and Accounting standards not yet adopted | Recently adopted accounting standards In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, “Leases” (“Topic 842”). Topic 842 requires that lessees recognize right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases with a lease term greater than 12 months. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach, without restating prior comparative periods. Most prominent among the changes in the standard is the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases. The Company recorded a ROU asset of approximately $44.2 million and a lease liability of approximately $49.9 million , primarily related to real estate operating leases on January 1, 2019, with no cumulative-effect adjustment to opening retained earnings. The initial recognition of ROU asset and lease liability represented a non-cash activity. The adoption of the new standard had a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, but did not have an impact on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The package of three practical expedients applicable to the Company have been elected which resulted in the Company not having to reassess whether expired or existing contracts upon adoption contained a lease. It also allowed the Company to retain the historical classifications of our leases and initial direct costs. The Company has also made an accounting policy election to apply short-term exemption to leases that meet the definition of short-term leases under the new standard. On January 1, 2019, the Company early adopted ASU 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The capitalized implementation costs will be expensed over the term of the hosting arrangement. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures. Accounting standards not yet adopted In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820). This standard modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements and is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Notably, this guidance removes the disclosure requirements for the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. This guidance also adds new disclosure requirements for the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company expects that the adoption of this standard will not have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures. |