Exhibit 5.1
 | Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP 200 Park Avenue New York, NY 10166-0193 T: 212.351.400 gibsondunn.com |
July 24, 2024
D.R. Horton, Inc.
1341 Horton Circle
Arlington, Texas 76011
| Re: | D.R. Horton, Inc. |
Registration Statement on Form S-3
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to D.R. Horton, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) and certain of its subsidiaries and affiliates listed on Annex A hereto (the “Guarantors”), in connection with the preparation and filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) of a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), relating to the registration under the Securities Act and the proposed issuance and sale from time to time pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, together or separately and in one or more series (if applicable) of:
(i) the Company’s unsecured debt securities, which may either be senior debt securities (“Senior Debt Securities”), senior subordinated debt securities (“Senior Subordinated Debt Securities”) or subordinated debt securities (the “Subordinated Debt Securities” and, collectively with the Senior Debt Securities and the Senior Subordinated Debt Securities, the “Debt Securities”);
(ii) guarantees of the Debt Securities by the Guarantors (the “Debt Securities Guarantees”);
(iii) shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $.01 per share (the “Common Stock”);
(iv) shares of the Company’s preferred stock, par value $.10 per share (the “Preferred Stock”);
(v) depositary shares each representing a fraction of a share of a particular series of Preferred Stock (the “Depositary Shares”);
Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP
200 Park Avenue | New York, NY 10166-0193 | T: 212.351.4000 | F: 212.351.4035 | gibsondunn.com
July 24, 2024
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(vi) contracts for the purchase or sale of Depositary Shares, Preferred Stock or Common Stock (the “Purchase Contracts”);
(vii) warrants for the purchase of Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares, Debt Securities or units of two or more of such securities (the “Warrants”); and
(viii) units of the Company comprised of any combination of Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Warrants, Depositary Shares, Purchase Contracts, Debt Securities or Debt Securities Guarantees (the “Units”).
The Debt Securities, Debt Securities Guarantees, Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares, Purchase Contracts, Warrants, and Units are collectively referred to herein as the “Securities.” The Senior Debt Securities are to be issued under an indenture entered into among the Company, the guarantors from time to time party thereto, and Truist Bank (formerly known as Branch Banking and Trust Company) (the “Trust Company”), as indenture trustee (the “Senior Base Indenture”). The Senior Subordinated Debt Securities are to be issued under an indenture to be entered into among the Company, the guarantors from time to time party thereto, and the Trust Company, as indenture trustee (the “Senior Subordinated Base Indenture”). The Subordinated Debt Securities are to be issued under an indenture to be entered into among the Company, the guarantors from time to time party thereto, and the Trust Company, as indenture trustee (the “Subordinated Base Indenture,” and together with the Senior Base Indenture and the Senior Subordinated Base Indenture, the “Base Indentures”).
In arriving at the opinions expressed below, we have examined originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction as being true and complete copies of the originals of the Senior Base Indenture, the forms of the Senior Subordinated Base Indenture and Subordinated Base Indenture, forms of the Debt Securities and Debt Securities Guarantees, specimen Common Stock certificates and such other documents, corporate records, certificates of officers of the Company and the Guarantors and of public officials and other instruments as we have deemed necessary or advisable to enable us to render these opinions. In our examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity and competency of all natural persons, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals and the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies. To the extent that our opinions may be dependent upon such matters, we have assumed, without independent investigation, that each of the Guarantors identified on Annex A as a “Specified Guarantor” (each Guarantor so identified, a “Specified Guarantor”) is validly existing under the laws of its jurisdiction of formation, has all requisite corporate or other entity power to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under the Indenture (defined below) and the Debt Securities Guarantees to which it is or may be a party, that the authorization, execution, delivery and performance of such documents by each Specified Guarantor and the performance of its obligations thereunder do not and will not violate the
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charter or bylaws or other constituent documents of any Specified Guarantor or any law, regulation, order, judgment or decree applicable to such Specified Guarantor. As to any facts material to these opinions, we have relied to the extent we deemed appropriate and without independent investigation upon statements and representations of officers and other representatives of the Company and the Guarantors and others.
We have assumed without independent investigation that:
(i) at the time any Securities are sold pursuant to the Registration Statement (the “Relevant Time”), the Registration Statement and any supplements and amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments) will be effective and will comply with all applicable laws;
(ii) at the Relevant Time, a prospectus supplement will have been prepared and filed with the Commission describing the Securities offered thereby and all related documentation and will comply with all applicable laws;
(iii) all Securities will be issued and sold in the manner stated in the Registration Statement and the applicable prospectus supplement;
(iv) at the Relevant Time, all corporate or other action required to be taken by the Company or any Guarantor to duly authorize each proposed issuance of Securities and any related documentation (including (i) the due reservation of any shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock for issuance upon exercise, conversion or exchange of any Securities for Common Stock or Preferred Stock (a “Convertible Security”), and (ii) the execution (in the case of certificated Securities), delivery and performance of the Securities and any related documentation referred to in paragraphs 1 through 7 below) shall have been duly completed and shall remain in full force and effect;
(v) upon issuance of any Common Stock or Preferred Stock, including upon exercise, conversion or exchange of any Convertible Security, the total number of shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock issued and outstanding will not exceed the total number of shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, as applicable, that the Company is then authorized to issue under its certificate of incorporation and other relevant documents;
(vi) in the case of Debt Securities and Debt Securities Guarantees, at the Relevant Time, the relevant Base Indenture shall have been duly executed and delivered by the Company and all other parties thereto and duly qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended; and
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(vii) at the Relevant Time, a definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement and any other necessary agreement with respect to any Securities offered or issued will have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or other action of the Company and each Guarantor and duly executed and delivered by the Company or any Guarantor and the other parties thereto.
Based on the foregoing and in reliance thereon, and subject to the assumptions, exceptions, qualifications and limitations set forth herein, we are of the opinion that:
1. With respect to any Debt Securities and related Debt Securities Guarantees, when:
| a. | the terms and conditions of such Debt Securities and Debt Securities Guarantees have been duly established by supplemental indenture or officers’ certificate in accordance with the terms and conditions of the relevant Base Indenture, |
| b. | any such supplemental indenture has been duly executed and delivered by the Company, the Guarantors and the relevant trustee (together with the relevant Base Indenture, the “Indenture”), and |
| c. | such Debt Securities and Debt Securities Guarantees have been executed (in the case of certificated Debt Securities and Debt Securities Guarantees), delivered and authenticated in accordance with the terms of the applicable Indenture and issued and sold for the consideration set forth in the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, |
such Debt Securities will be legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms, and related Debt Security Guarantees will be legal, valid and binding obligations of the Guarantors obligated thereon, enforceable against such Guarantors in accordance with their respective terms.
2. With respect to any shares of Preferred Stock, when:
| a. | the certificate of designations relating to such Preferred Stock (the “Certificate of Designations”) has been duly executed and filed with the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, |
| b. | such shares have been issued either (i) in accordance with the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement and for the consideration therefor provided for therein or (ii) upon exercise, conversion or exchange of any Convertible Security and for any additional consideration specified in such Convertible Security or the instrument governing such Convertible Security providing for such conversion or exercise, which consideration (including any consideration paid for such Convertible Security), on a per-share basis, shall in either event not be less than the par value of the Preferred Stock, and |
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| c. | any such Convertible Security was previously validly issued and is fully paid and non-assessable (in the case of an equity Security) or is a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, |
such shares of Preferred Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
3. With respect to Depositary Shares, when:
| a. | a deposit agreement relating to such Depositary Shares (“Deposit Agreement”) has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and the depositary appointed by the Company, |
| b. | the terms of the Depositary Shares have been established in accordance with the Deposit Agreement, and |
| c. | the depositary receipts representing the Depositary Shares have been duly executed and countersigned (in the case of certificated Depositary Shares), registered and delivered in accordance with the related Deposit Agreement and the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement for the consideration provided therein, |
the depositary receipts evidencing the Depositary Shares will be legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.
4. With respect to shares of Common Stock, when:
| a. | such shares of Common Stock have been duly executed (in the case of certificated shares) and delivered either (i) in accordance with the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement for the consideration provided for therein, or (ii) upon conversion or exercise of any Convertible Security, in accordance with the terms of such Convertible Security or the instrument governing such Convertible Security providing for such conversion or exercise, and for any additional consideration specified therein, which consideration (including any consideration paid for such Convertible Security), on a per-share basis, shall in either event not be less than the par value of the Common Stock, and |
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| b. | any such Convertible Security was previously validly issued and is fully paid and non-assessable (in the case of an equity Security) or is a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, |
such shares of Common Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
5. With respect to any Purchase Contracts, when:
| a. | the related purchase contract agreement (“Purchase Contract Agreement”), if any, has been duly executed by the Company and each other party thereto, |
| b. | the terms of the Purchase Contracts have been established in accordance with the Purchase Contract Agreement, if any, or the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, |
| c. | the terms of any collateral or security arrangements relating to such Purchase Contracts have been established and the agreements thereto have been validly executed and delivered by each of the parties thereto and any collateral has been deposited with the collateral agent, if applicable, in accordance with such arrangements, and |
| d. | such Purchase Contracts have been executed (in the case of certificated Purchase Contracts) and delivered in accordance with the Purchase Contract Agreement, if any, and the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement for the consideration provided for therein, |
such Purchase Contracts will be legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms.
6. With respect to any Warrants, when:
| a. | the warrant agreement relating to such Warrants (the “Warrant Agreement”), if any, has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and each other party thereto, |
| b. | the terms of the Warrants have been established in accordance with the Warrant Agreement, if any, and the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, and |
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| c. | the Warrants have been duly executed (in the case of certificated Warrants) and delivered in accordance with the Warrant Agreement, if any, and the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement for the consideration provided for therein, |
such Warrants will be legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.
7. With respect to any Units, when:
| a. | the unit agreement relating to the Units (the “Unit Agreement”), if any, has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and each other party thereto, |
| b. | the terms of the Units have been duly established in accordance with the Unit Agreement, if any, and the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, and |
| c. | the Units have been duly executed (in the case of certificated Units) and delivered in accordance with the Unit Agreement, if any, and the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement for the consideration provided for therein, |
the Units will be legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.
The opinions expressed above are subject to the following exceptions, qualifications, limitations and assumptions:
A. We render no opinion herein as to matters involving the laws of any jurisdiction other than the State of New York and to the extent relevant for our opinions herein, the laws of the States of California, Colorado and Texas and the Delaware General Corporation Law and the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act. This opinion is limited to the effect of the current state of the laws of the States of New York, California, Colorado and Texas and the Delaware General Corporation Law and the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act and the facts as they currently exist. We assume no obligation to revise or supplement this opinion in the event of future changes in such laws or the interpretations thereof or such facts.
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B. The opinions above (other than those in paragraph 2 and 4) are each subject to (i) the effect of any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, arrangement or similar laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors generally, including without limitation the effect of statutory or other laws regarding fraudulent transfers or preferential transfers, (ii) general principles of equity, including without limitation concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing and the possible unavailability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies regardless of whether enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law and (iii) the provisions of: (1) Article Eight of the Certificate of Incorporation of CH Investments of Texas, Inc.; (2) Article Eight of the Certificate of Incorporation of CHTEX of Texas, Inc.; (3) Paragraph Eight of the Certificate of Incorporation of D.R. Horton, Inc. – Chicago (excluding the first three sentences thereof); and (4) Article Ten of the Certificate of Incorporation of Western Pacific Housing, Inc.
C. We express no opinion regarding the effectiveness of (i) any waiver of stay, extension or usury laws or of unknown future rights, (ii) any waiver (whether or not stated as such) under the Indenture or any other Document of, or any consent thereunder relating to, unknown future rights or the rights of any party thereto existing, or duties owing to it, as a matter of law; (iii) any waiver (whether or not stated as such) contained in the Indenture or any other Document of rights of any party, or duties owing to it, that is broadly or vaguely stated or does not describe the right or duty purportedly waived with reasonable specificity; (iv) provisions relating to indemnification, exculpation or contribution, to the extent such provisions may be held unenforceable as contrary to public policy or federal or state securities laws, (v) any purported fraudulent transfer “savings” clause or (vi) any provision to the effect that every right or remedy is cumulative and may be exercised in addition to any other right or remedy or that the election of some particular remedy does not preclude recourse to one or more others.
D. To the extent relevant to our opinions in paragraphs 3, 5, 6 and 7 and not covered by our opinions in paragraphs 1, 2, or 4, we have assumed that any securities, currencies or commodities underlying, comprising or issuable upon exchange, conversion or exercise of any Depositary Shares, Purchase Contracts, Warrants, or Units are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable (in the case of an equity security) or a legal, valid and binding obligation of the issuer thereof, enforceable against such issuer in accordance with its terms.
You have informed us that you intend to issue Securities from time to time on a delayed or continuous basis, and we understand that prior to issuing any Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement (i) you will advise us in writing of the terms thereof, and (ii) you will afford us an opportunity to (x) review the operative documents pursuant to which such Securities are to be issued or sold (including the applicable offering documents), and (y) file such supplement or amendment to this opinion (if any) as we may reasonably consider necessary or appropriate.
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We consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, and we further consent to the use of our name under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Registration Statement and the prospectus that forms a part thereof. In giving these consents, we do not thereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.
| Very truly yours, |
| /s/ Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP |
ANNEX A
Guarantors
Name | Form of Entity | Jurisdiction of Formation | Specified | |||
| C. Richard Dobson Builders, Inc. | Corporation | Virginia | Yes | |||
| CH Investments of Texas, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| CHTEX of Texas, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| Continental Homes, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| Continental Homes of Texas, L.P. | Limited Partnership | Texas | No | |||
| Continental Residential, Inc. | Corporation | California | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - CHAustin, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - Colorado, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - Corpus Christi, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - Crown, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - Emerald, Ltd. | Limited Partnership | Texas | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - Georgia, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - Highland, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - Houston, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - Indiana, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - Iowa, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - Nebraska, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - NW Arkansas, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - Pensacola, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No |
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| D.R. Horton - Permian, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - Regent, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - Springfield, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - Terramor, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - Texas, Ltd. | Limited Partnership | Texas | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - WPA, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - WPH, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton - Wyoming, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton, Inc. - Birmingham | Corporation | Alabama | Yes | |||
| D.R. Horton, Inc. - Chicago | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton, Inc. - Dietz-Crane | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton, Inc. - Greensboro | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton, Inc. - Gulf Coast | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton, Inc. - Huntsville | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton, Inc. - Jacksonville | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton, Inc. - Louisville | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R Horton, Inc. - Midwest | Corporation | California | No | |||
| D.R. Horton, Inc. - Minnesota | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton, Inc. - New Jersey | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton, Inc. - Portland | Corporation | Delaware | No |
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| D.R. Horton, Inc. - Torrey | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton BAY, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton CA2, Inc. | Corporation | California | No | |||
| D.R. Horton CA3, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton CA4, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton CA5, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton Cruces Construction, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton Hawaii LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton LA North, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton Los Angeles Holding Company, Inc. | Corporation | California | No | |||
| D.R. Horton Management Company, Ltd. | Limited Partnership | Texas | No | |||
| D.R. Horton Materials, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton Serenity Construction, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| D.R. Horton VEN Inc. | Corporation | California | No | |||
| DRH - HWY 114, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Cambridge Homes, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Construction, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Phoenix East Construction, Inc. | Corporation | Arizona | Yes | |||
| DRH Regrem VII, LP | Limited Partnership | Texas | No | |||
| DRH Regrem XII, LP | Limited Partnership | Texas | No | |||
| DRH Regrem XV, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem XVI, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem XVII, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No |
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| DRH Regrem XVIII, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem XIX, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem XX, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem XXI, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem XXII, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem XXIII, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem XXIV, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem XXV, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem LI, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem LII, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem LIII, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem LIV, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem LV, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem LVI, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem LVII, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem LVIII, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem LIX, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem LX, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem LXI, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem LXII, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem LXIII, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No |
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| DRH Regrem LXIV, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Regrem LXV, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| DRH Southwest Construction, Inc. | Corporation | California | No | |||
| DRH Tucson Construction, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| HPH Homebuilders 2000 L.P. | Limited Partnership | California | No | |||
| KDB Homes, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| Lexington Homes – DRH, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Meadows I, Ltd. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| Meadows II, Ltd. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| Meadows VIII, Ltd. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| Meadows IX, Inc. | Corporation | New Jersey | Yes | |||
| Meadows X, Inc. | Corporation | New Jersey | Yes | |||
| Melody Homes, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| Pacific Ridge - DRH, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Pensacola Land Company, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Schuler Homes of Arizona LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Schuler Homes of California, Inc. | Corporation | California | No | |||
| Schuler Homes of Oregon, Inc. | Corporation | Oregon | Yes | |||
| Schuler Homes of Washington, Inc. | Corporation | Washington | Yes | |||
| SGS Communities at Grande Quay, L.L.C. | Limited Liability Company | New Jersey | Yes | |||
| SHA Construction LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| SHLR of California, Inc. | Corporation | California | No | |||
| SHLR of Nevada, Inc. | Corporation | Nevada | Yes | |||
| SHLR of Washington, Inc. | Corporation | Washington | Yes | |||
| SRHI LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No |
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| SSHI LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Vertical Construction Corporation | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| Walker Drive, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing-Antigua, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing-Broadway, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing-Canyon Park, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing-Carrillo, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing-Communications Hill, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing-Copper Canyon, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing-Creekside, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing-Lomas Verdes, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing-McGonigle Canyon, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing - Mountaingate, L.P. | Limited Partnership | California | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing-Norco Estates, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No |
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| Western Pacific Housing-Pacific Park II, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing-Park Avenue East, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing-Park Avenue West, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing-Playa Vista, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing-River Ridge, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing-Terra Bay Duets, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing-Torrey Meadows, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing-Torrey Village Center, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing-Windemere, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing, Inc. | Corporation | Delaware | No | |||
| Western Pacific Housing Management, Inc. | Corporation | California | No | |||
| WPH-Camino Ruiz, LLC | Limited Liability Company | Delaware | No |