Allowance for Loan Losses (the Allowance) | (7) The Allowance is established through provisions for loan and lease losses charged against income. Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the Allowance, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the Allowance. The Allowance is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for losses that are probable and estimable. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the Allowance is based on known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This evaluation is subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revisions as more information becomes available. Roll-Forward of the Allowance by Portfolio Segment The following tables detail the roll‑forward of the Corporation’s Allowance, by portfolio segment, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively: Balance, Balance, (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2017 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision December 31, 2018 Commercial mortgage $ 2,434 — 7 768 3,209 Home Equity lines and loans 280 (221) 18 246 323 Residential mortgage 82 — 61 48 191 Construction 1,689 — — (62) 1,627 Commercial and industrial 2,214 (244) 142 578 2,690 Consumer 5 — 4 (6) 3 Leases 5 — — 5 10 Total $ 6,709 (465) 232 1,577 8,053 Balance, Balance, (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2016 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision December 31, 2017 Commercial mortgage $ 2,038 (119) 218 297 2,434 Home Equity lines and loans 460 (42) 48 (186) 280 Residential mortgage 85 — 130 (133) 82 Construction 690 — — 999 1,689 Commercial and industrial 1,973 (1,338) 221 1,358 2,214 Consumer 2 — 5 (2) 5 Leases 5 — — — 5 Unallocated 172 — — (172) — Total $ 5,425 (1,499) 622 2,161 6,709 The Allowance Allocated by Portfolio Segment The following table details the allocation of the Allowance and the carrying value for loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the methodology used to evaluate the loans and leases for impairment as of December 31, 2018 respectively: Allowance on loans and leases Carrying value of loans and leases Individually Collectively Individually Collectively December 31, 2018 evaluated evaluated evaluated evaluated (dollars in thousands) for impairment for impairment Total for impairment for impairment Total Commercial mortgage $ — 3,209 3,209 $ 1,929 323,464 325,393 Home Equity lines and loans — 323 323 83 82,203 82,286 Residential mortgage — 191 191 969 40,969 41,938 Construction — 1,627 1,627 1,281 115,625 116,906 Commercial and industrial 103 2,587 2,690 1,537 258,269 259,806 Consumer — 3 3 — 701 701 Leases — 10 10 — 1,335 1,335 Total $ 103 7,950 8,053 $ 5,799 822,566 828,365 (1) (1) Excludes deferred fees and loans carried at fair value. The following table details the allocation of the Allowance and the carrying value for loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the methodology used to evaluate the loans and leases for impairment as of December 31, 2017 respectively: Allowance on loans and leases Carrying value of loans and leases Individually Collectively Individually Collectively December 31, 2017 evaluated evaluated evaluated evaluated (dollars in thousands) for impairment for impairment Total for impairment for impairment Total Commercial mortgage $ — 2,434 2,434 $ 1,533 261,608 263,141 Home Equity lines and loans — 280 280 137 83,902 84,039 Residential mortgage — 82 82 249 22,154 22,403 Construction — 1,689 1,689 260 104,710 104,970 Commercial and industrial 1 2,213 2,214 2,506 207,490 209,996 Consumer — 5 5 — 1,022 1,022 Leases — 5 5 — 762 762 Total $ 1 6,708 6,709 $ 4,685 681,648 686,333 (1) (1) Excludes deferred fees and loans carried at fair value. Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings As part of the process of determining the Allowance to the different segments of the loan and lease portfolio, Management considers certain credit quality indicators. For the commercial mortgage, construction and commercial and industrial loan segments, periodic reviews of the individual loans are performed by Management. The results of these reviews are reflected in the risk grade assigned to each loan. These internally assigned grades are as follows: · Pass – Loans considered to be satisfactory with no indications of deterioration. · Special mention – Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves Management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date. · Substandard – Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and payment capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. · Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loan balances classified as doubtful have been reduced by partial charge-offs and are carried at their net realizable values. The following table details the carrying value of loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the credit quality indicators used to determine the Allowance as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively: December 31, 2018 Special (dollars in thousands) Pass mention Substandard Doubtful Total Commercial mortgage $ 320,130 3,713 1,550 — 325,393 Home equity lines and loans 82,121 — 165 — 82,286 Construction 114,249 2,657 — — 116,906 Commercial and industrial 239,181 12,620 7,975 30 259,806 Total $ 755,681 18,990 9,690 30 784,391 December 31, 2017 Special (dollars in thousands) Pass mention Substandard Doubtful Total Commercial mortgage $ 258,337 3,917 887 — 263,141 Home equity lines and loans 83,902 — 137 — 84,039 Construction 103,118 1,852 — — 104,970 Commercial and industrial 194,784 13,997 448 767 209,996 Total $ 640,141 19,766 1,472 767 662,146 In addition to credit quality indicators as shown in the above tables, Allowance allocations for residential mortgages, consumer loans and leases are also applied based on their performance status as December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. No troubled debt restructurings performing according to modified terms are included in performing residential mortgages below for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands) Performing Nonperforming Total Performing Nonperforming Total Residential mortgage $ 40,969 969 41,938 $ 22,154 249 22,403 Consumer 701 — 701 1,022 — 1,022 Leases 1,335 — 1,335 762 — 762 Total $ 43,005 969 43,974 $ 23,938 249 24,187 There were six nonperforming residential mortgage loans at December 31, 2018 and four at December 31, 2017 with a combined outstanding principal balance of $1.9 million and $826 thousand, respectively, which were carried at fair value and not included in the table above. Impaired Loans The following tables detail the recorded investment and principal balance of impaired loans by portfolio segment, their related Allowance and interest income recognized for the periods. At December 31, 2018 At December 31, 2017 Average Average Recorded Principal Related recorded Recorded Principal Related recorded (dollars in thousands) investment balance allowance investment investment balance allowance investment Impaired loans with related allowance: Commercial mortgage $ — — — — — — — — Commercial and industrial 676 679 103 680 124 491 1 173 Home equity lines and loans — — — — — — — — Residential mortgage — — — — — — — — Construction — — — — — — — — Total 676 679 103 680 124 491 1 173 Impaired loans without related allowance: Commercial mortgage $ 1,929 2,379 — 1,982 1,534 2,025 — 1,537 Commercial and industrial 861 945 — 885 1,907 3,180 — 2,945 Home equity lines and loans 83 89 — 84 137 137 — 137 Residential mortgage 969 978 — 978 249 249 — 249 Construction 1,281 1,281 — 1,293 260 260 — 267 Total 5,123 5,672 — 5,222 4,087 5,851 — 5,135 Grand Total $ 5,799 6,351 103 5,902 4,211 6,342 1 5,308 Interest income recognized on performing impaired loans amounted to $327 thousand and $248 thousand for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Troubled Debt Restructuring The restructuring of a loan is considered a “troubled debt restructuring” if both of the following conditions are met: (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, and (ii) the creditor has granted a concession. The most common concessions granted include one or more modifications to the terms of the debt, such as (a) a reduction in the interest rate for the remaining life of the debt, (b) an extension of the maturity date at an interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, (c) a temporary period of interest-only payments, (d) a reduction in the contractual payment amount for either a short period or remaining term of the loan, and (e) for leases, a reduced lease payment. A less common concession granted is the forgiveness of a portion of the principal. The determination of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties takes into account not only the current financial condition of the borrower, but also the potential financial condition of the borrower, were a concession not granted. The determination of whether a concession has been granted is very subjective in nature. For example, simply extending the term of a loan at its original interest rate or even at a higher interest rate could be interpreted as a concession unless the borrower could readily obtain similar credit terms from a different lender. The balance of TDRs at December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows: December 31, December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2018 2017 TDRs included in nonperforming loans and leases $ 1,219 741 TDRs in compliance with modified terms 3,047 1,900 Total TDRs $ 4,266 2,641 The following table presents information regarding loan and lease modifications granted during the year ended December 31, 2018 that were categorized as TDRs: For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 Pre-Modification Post-Modification Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Related (dollar in thousands) Contracts Investment Investment Allowance Real Estate: Commercial mortgage 1 $ 796 $ 796 $ — Land and Construction 1 1,628 1,628 — Commercial and industrial 3 549 549 63 Total 5 $ 2,973 $ 2,973 $ 63 The following table presents information regarding loan and lease modifications granted during the year ended December 31, 2017 that were categorized as TDRs: For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 Pre-Modification Post-Modification Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Related (dollar in thousands) Contracts Investment Investment Allowance Real Estate: Commercial mortgage 1 $ 177 $ 177 $ — Commercial and industrial 1 165 165 — Total 2 $ 342 $ 342 $ — No loan and lease modifications granted during the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 subsequently defaulted during the same time period. The following table presents information regarding the number of contracts by type of loan and lease modifications made for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017: For the Year Ended For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Interest Rate Interest Rate Loan Term Change and Loan Loan Term Change and Loan Extension Term Extension Extension Term Extension Real Estate: Commercial mortgage 1 — 1 — Land and Construction 1 — — — Commercial and industrial 2 1 — 1 Total 4 1 1 1 |