Allowance for Loan Losses (the Allowance) | (6) Allowance for Loan Losses (the “Allowance”) The Allowance is established through provisions for loan losses charged against income. Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the Allowance, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the Allowance. The Allowance is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for losses that are probable and estimable. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the Allowance is based on known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This evaluation is subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revisions as more information becomes available. Roll-Forward of Allowance by Portfolio Segment The following tables detail the roll-forward of the Corporation’s Allowance, by portfolio segment, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively: Balance, Balance, (dollars in thousands) June 30, 2020 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision September 30, 2020 Commercial mortgage $ 5,277 — — 1,658 6,935 Home equity lines and loans 672 (75) 2 (82) 517 Residential mortgage 346 — 1 (13) 334 Construction 2,019 — — 463 2,482 Commercial and industrial 3,606 (22) 4 1,450 5,038 Small business loans 747 — — 360 1,107 Consumer 4 — 1 (1) 4 Leases 35 — — 121 156 Total $ 12,706 (97) 8 3,956 16,573 Balance, Balance, (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2019 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision September 30, 2020 Commercial mortgage $ 3,426 — — 3,509 6,935 Home equity lines and loans 342 (89) 6 258 517 Residential mortgage 179 — 5 150 334 Construction 2,362 — — 120 2,482 Commercial and industrial 2,684 (31) 37 2,348 5,038 Small business loans 509 — — 598 1,107 Consumer 6 (10) 3 5 4 Leases 5 — — 151 156 Total $ 9,513 (130) 51 7,139 16,573 Balance, Balance, (dollars in thousands) June 30, 2019 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision September 30, 2019 Commercial mortgage $ 3,197 — 1 257 3,455 Home equity lines and loans 354 — 2 (28) 328 Residential mortgage 200 — 2 (30) 172 Construction 2,033 — — 136 2,169 Commercial and industrial 2,719 (30) 6 171 2,866 Small business loans 111 — — 198 309 Consumer 4 — 1 1 6 Leases 7 — — — 7 Total $ 8,625 (30) 12 705 9,312 Balance, Balance, (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2018 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision September 30, 2019 Commercial mortgage $ 3,209 — 6 240 3,455 Home equity lines and loans 323 — 10 (5) 328 Residential mortgage 191 — 4 (23) 172 Construction 1,627 — — 542 2,169 Commercial and industrial 2,612 (30) 328 (44) 2,866 Small business loans 78 — — 231 309 Consumer 3 — 3 — 6 Leases 10 — — (3) 7 Total $ 8,053 (30) 351 938 9,312 Allowance Allocated by Portfolio Segment The following tables detail the allocation of the allowance for loan and lease losses and the carrying value for loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the methodology used to evaluate the loans and leases for impairment as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Allowance on loans and leases Carrying value of loans and leases Individually Collectively Individually Collectively September 30, 2020 evaluated evaluated evaluated evaluated (dollars in thousands) for impairment for impairment Total for impairment for impairment Total Commercial mortgage $ — 6,935 6,935 $ 2,005 458,947 460,952 Home equity lines and loans 16 501 517 663 70,737 71,400 Residential mortgage — 334 334 1,648 42,486 44,134 Construction — 2,482 2,482 1,206 150,020 151,226 Commercial and industrial 1,565 3,473 5,038 4,726 251,726 256,452 Small business loans — 1,107 1,107 199 44,081 44,280 Paycheck Protection Program loans — — — — 259,723 259,723 Consumer — 4 4 — 582 582 Leases — 156 156 — 13,374 13,374 Total $ 1,581 14,992 16,573 $ 10,447 1,291,676 1,302,123 (1) Allowance on loans and leases Carrying value of loans and leases Individually Collectively Individually Collectively December 31, 2019 evaluated evaluated evaluated evaluated (dollars in thousands) for impairment for impairment Total for impairment for impairment Total Commercial mortgage $ — 3,426 3,426 $ 2,138 360,452 362,590 Home equity lines and loans 46 296 342 536 81,047 81,583 Residential mortgage — 179 179 854 42,265 43,119 Construction — 2,362 2,362 1,247 170,797 172,044 Commercial and industrial 27 2,657 2,684 1,288 272,013 273,301 Small business loans 63 446 509 1,244 20,372 21,616 Consumer — 6 6 — 1,003 1,003 Leases — 5 5 — 697 697 Total $ 136 9,377 9,513 $ 7,307 948,646 955,953 (1) (1) Excludes deferred fees and loans carried at fair value. Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings As part of the process of determining the Allowance to the different segments of the loan and lease portfolio, Management considers certain credit quality indicators. For the commercial mortgage, construction and commercial and industrial loan segments, periodic reviews of the individual loans are performed by Management. The results of these reviews are reflected in the risk grade assigned to each loan. These internally assigned grades are as follows: ● Pass – Loans considered to be satisfactory with no indications of deterioration. ● Special mention – Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves Management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date. ● Substandard – Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and payment capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. ● Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loan balances classified as doubtful have been reduced by partial charge-offs and are carried at their net realizable values. The following tables detail the carrying value of loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the credit quality indicators used to determine the allowance for loan and lease losses as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: September 30, 2020 Special (dollars in thousands) Pass mention Substandard Doubtful Total Commercial mortgage $ 441,090 16,260 3,602 — 460,952 Home equity lines and loans 70,251 — 1,149 — 71,400 Construction 142,420 8,806 — — 151,226 Commercial and industrial 220,760 22,950 9,019 3,723 256,452 Small business loans 41,548 — 2,732 — 44,280 Paycheck Protection Program loans 259,723 — — — 259,723 Total $ 1,175,792 48,016 16,502 3,723 1,244,033 December 31, 2019 Special (dollars in thousands) Pass mention Substandard Doubtful Total Commercial mortgage $ 353,724 5,821 3,045 — 362,590 Home equity lines and loans 81,046 — 537 — 81,583 Construction 170,823 1,221 — — 172,044 Commercial and industrial 251,320 9,648 12,333 — 273,301 Small business loans 20,351 — 1,265 — 21,616 Total $ 877,264 16,690 17,180 — 911,134 In addition to credit quality indicators as shown in the above tables, allowance allocations for residential mortgages, consumer loans and leases are also applied based on their performance status as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. No troubled debt restructurings performing according to modified terms are included in performing residential mortgages below as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Performing Nonperforming Total Performing Nonperforming Total Residential mortgage $ 42,486 1,648 44,134 $ 42,265 854 43,119 Consumer 582 — 582 1,003 — 1,003 Leases 13,374 — 13,374 697 — 697 Total $ 56,442 1,648 58,090 $ 43,965 854 44,819 There were five nonperforming residential mortgage loans at September 30, 2020 and five nonperforming residential mortgage loans at December 31, 2019 with a combined outstanding principal balance of $877 thousand and $839 thousand, respectively, which were carried at fair value and not included in the table above. Impaired Loans The following table details the recorded investment and principal balance of impaired loans by portfolio segment, and their related allowance for loan and lease losses. As of September 30, 2020 As of December 31, 2019 Recorded Principal Related Recorded Principal Related (dollars in thousands) investment balance allowance investment balance allowance Impaired loans with related allowance: Commercial and industrial 3,903 3,907 1,565 617 617 27 Small business loans — — — 1,002 1,002 63 Home equity lines and loans 99 106 16 461 461 46 Total 4,002 4,013 1,581 2,080 2,080 136 Impaired loans without related allowance: Commercial mortgage $ 2,005 2,035 — 2,138 2,173 — Commercial and industrial 823 897 — 671 718 — Small business loans 199 199 — 242 242 — Home equity lines and loans 564 581 — 75 75 — Residential mortgage 1,648 1,648 — 854 854 — Construction 1,206 1,206 — 1,247 1,248 — Total 6,445 6,566 — 5,227 5,310 — Grand Total $ 10,447 10,579 1,581 7,307 7,390 136 The following table details the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans by portfolio segment. Three Months Ended Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, September 30, September 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 Average Average Average Average recorded recorded recorded recorded (dollars in thousands) investment investment investment investment Impaired loans with related allowance: Commercial and industrial $ 3,907 561 $ 1,766 566 Small business loans — — — — Home equity lines and loans 100 255 103 256 Total $ 4,007 816 $ 1,869 822 Impaired loans without related allowance: Commercial mortgage $ 2,080 2,220 $ 1,852 2,272 Commercial and industrial 874 597 700 602 Small business loans 208 259 220 262 Home equity lines and loans 564 - 575 - Residential mortgage 1,649 857 1,478 857 Construction 1,206 1,270 1,209 1,286 Total $ 6,581 5,203 $ 6,034 5,279 Grand Total $ 10,588 6,019 $ 7,903 6,101 Interest income recognized on performing impaired loans amounted to $139 thousand and $50 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $281 thousand and $152 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Troubled Debt Restructuring The restructuring of a loan is considered a “troubled debt restructuring” (“TDR”) if both of the following conditions are met: (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, and (ii) the creditor has granted a concession. The most common concessions granted include one or more modifications to the terms of the debt, such as (a) a reduction in the interest rate for the remaining life of the debt, (b) an extension of the maturity date at an interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, (c) a temporary period of interest-only payments, (d) a reduction in the contractual payment amount for either a short period or remaining term of the loan, and (e) for leases, a reduced lease payment. A less common concession granted is the forgiveness of a portion of the principal. The determination of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties takes into account not only the current financial condition of the borrower, but also the potential financial condition of the borrower were a concession not granted. The determination of whether a concession has been granted is subjective in nature. For example, simply extending the term of a loan at its original interest rate or even at a higher interest rate could be interpreted as a concession unless the borrower could readily obtain similar credit terms from a different lender. The balance of TDRs at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows: September 30, December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 TDRs included in nonperforming loans and leases $ 246 319 TDRs in compliance with modified terms 3,428 3,599 Total TDRs $ 3,674 3,918 There were no loan and lease modification granted during the three months ended September 30, 2020 that was categorized as a TDR as noted in the table below. For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Pre-Modification Post-Modification Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Related (dollar in thousands) Contracts Investment Investment Allowance Real Estate: Commercial mortgage — $ — $ — $ — Land and Construction — — — — Commercial and industrial 1 58 58 — Total 1 $ 58 $ 58 $ — There were no loan and lease modifications granted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 that was categorized as TDR’s. No loan and lease modifications granted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 subsequently defaulted during the same time period. COVID-19 Loan Modifications The following table details the loan modifications that the Corporation provided to loan customers as of September 30, 2020. September 30, 2020 Portfolio Total Active Loan Portfolio Balance Modifications Modifications Commercial mortgage $ 460,952 $ 86,591 $ 4,182 Commercial and industrial, including leases 269,826 24,362 200 Construction & land development 151,226 36,819 14,196 Home equity lines and loans 71,400 1,348 - Residential mortgage 44,134 4,800 558 Small business loans 44,280 144 - Consumer 582 - — Total $ 1,042,400 $ 154,064 $ 19,136 These loan modifications were made in accordance with Section 4013 of the CARES Act and the Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus. Modifications granted to borrowers under this guidance that are related to COVID-19 are not required to be evaluated as troubled debt restructurings under ASC 310-40. These modified loans are classified as performing and are not considered past due. Loans are to be placed on non-accrual when it becomes apparent that payment of interest or recovery of all principal is questionable, and the COVID-19 related modification is no longer considered short-term or the modification is deemed ineffective. In total $111.0 million of commercial loans covering 146 borrowers and $36.8 million of construction loans for 35 borrowers were assisted with loan payment holidays |