Loans | Note 3 — Loans Loans at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows: June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Commercial and industrial $ 257,515 $ 258,901 Commercial real estate 1,213,113 1,098,054 Commercial real estate construction 116,919 109,570 Residential real estate 83,295 74,277 Home equity 12,049 12,329 Consumer 30,222 16,299 Total Loans $ 1,713,113 $ 1,569,430 Allowance for credit losses (24,848) (21,832) Net Loans $ 1,688,265 $ 1,547,598 Included in commercial and industrial loans as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were loans issued under the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) of $1,535 and $1,717, respectively. Allowance for Credit Losses The Company engaged a third-party vendor to assist in the CECL calculation and internal governance framework to oversee the quarterly estimation process for the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”). The ACL calculation methodology relies on regression-based discounted cash flow (“DCF”) models that correlate relationships between certain financial metrics and external market and macroeconomic variables. The Company uses Proability of Default (“PD”) and Loss Given Default (“LGD”) with quantitative factors and qualitative considerations in the calculation of the allowance for credit losses for collectively evaluated loans. The Company uses a reasonable and supportable period of one year, at which point loss assumptions revert back to historical loss information by means of a one-year reversion period. Following are some of the key factors and assumptions that are used in the Company’s CECL calculations: • methods based on probability of default and loss given default which are modeled based on macroeconomic scenarios; • a reasonable and supportable forecast period determined based on management’s current review of macroeconomic environment; • a reversion period after the reasonable and supportable forecast period; • estimated prepayment rates based on the Company’s historical experience and future macroeconomic environment; • estimated credit utilization rates based on the Company’s historical experience and future macroeconomic environment; and • incorporation of qualitative factors not captured within the modeled results. The qualitative factors include but are not limited to changes in lending policies, business conditions, changes in the nature and size of the portfolio, portfolio concentrations, and external factors such as competition. Allowance for Credit Losses are aggregated for the major loan segments, with similar risk characteristics, summarized below. However, for the purposes of calculating the reserves, these segments may be further broken down into loan classes by risk characteristics that include but are not limited to regulatory call codes, industry type, geographic location, and collateral type. Residential real estate loans involve certain risks such as interest rate risk and risk of non-repayment. Adjustable-rate residential real estate loans decrease the interest rate risk to the Bank that is associated with changes in interest rates but involve other risks, primarily because as interest rates rise, the payment by the borrower rises to the extent permitted by the terms of the loan, thereby increasing the potential for default. At the same time, the marketability of the underlying properties may be adversely affected by higher interest rates. Repayment risk may be affected by a number of factors including, but not necessarily limited to, job loss, divorce, illness and personal bankruptcy of the borrower. Commercial and multi-family real estate lending entails additional risks as compared with residential family property lending. Such loans typically involve large loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. The payment experience on such loans is typically dependent on the successful operation of the real estate project. The success of such projects is sensitive to changes in supply and demand conditions in the market for commercial real estate as well as general economic conditions. Construction lending is generally considered to involve a high risk due to the concentration of principal in a limited number of loans and borrowers and the effects of the general economic conditions on developers and builders. Moreover, a construction loan can involve additional risks because of the inherent difficulty in estimating both a property’s value at completion of the project and the estimated cost (including interest) of the project. The nature of these loans is such that they are generally difficult to evaluate and monitor. In addition, speculative construction loans to a builder are not necessarily pre-sold and thus pose a greater potential risk to the Bank than construction loans to individuals on their personal residence. Commercial and industrial lending, including lines of credit, is generally considered higher risk due to the concentration of principal in a limited number of loans and borrowers and the effects of general economic conditions on the business. Commercial business loans are primarily secured by inventories and other business assets. In many cases, any repossessed collateral for a defaulted commercial business loans will not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance. Home equity lending entails certain risks such as interest rate risk and risk of non-repayment. The marketability of the underlying property may be adversely affected by higher interest rates, decreasing the collateral value securing the loan. Repayment risk can be affected by job loss, divorce, illness and personal bankruptcy of the borrower. Home equity line of credit lending entails securing an equity interest in the borrower’s home. In many cases, the Bank’s position in these loans is as a junior lien holder to another institution’s superior lien. This type of lending is often priced on an adjustable rate basis with the rate set at or above a predefined index. Adjustable-rate loans decrease the interest rate risk to the Bank that is associated with changes in interest rates but involve other risks, primarily because as interest rates rise, the payment by the borrower rises to the extent permitted by the terms of the loan, thereby increasing the potential for default. Consumer loans generally have more credit risk because of the type and nature of the collateral and, in certain cases, the absence of collateral. Consumer loans generally have shorter terms and higher interest rates than other lending. In addition, consumer lending collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and thus are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness and personal bankruptcy. In many cases, any repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan will not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan. The following tables present the activity in the allowance by portfolio segment for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022: Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Commercial Commercial And Commercial Real Estate Residential Home Industrial Real Estate Construction Real Estate Equity Consumer Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 5,141 $ 16,698 $ 1,625 $ 1,048 $ 72 $ 142 $ 24,726 Provision for credit losses 186 421 (565) (56) (26) 254 214 Charge-offs (192) — — — — — (192) Recoveries 20 — — — — 80 100 Ending balance $ 5,155 $ 17,119 $ 1,060 $ 992 $ 46 $ 476 $ 24,848 Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Commercial Commercial and Commercial Real Estate Residential Home Industrial Real Estate Construction Real Estate Equity Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance, prior to adoption of ASC 326 $ 5,510 $ 14,364 $ 1,252 $ 345 $ 63 $ 298 $ 21,832 Impact of adopting ASC 326 72 1,737 (8) (227) (17) (129) 1,428 Provision for loan losses (151) 1,005 (184) 874 — 203 1,747 Charge-offs (334) — — — — (36) (370) Recoveries 58 13 — — — 140 211 Ending balance $ 5,155 $ 17,119 $ 1,060 $ 992 $ 46 $ 476 $ 24,848 Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 Commercial Commercial and Commercial Real Estate Residential Home Industrial Real Estate Construction Real Estate Equity Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 5,408 $ 11,073 $ 1,296 $ 294 $ 69 $ 287 $ 18,427 Provision for loan losses 3,944 1,230 22 56 (1) 259 5,510 Charge-offs (29) — — (51) — (260) (340) Recoveries 9 — — — — 36 45 Ending balance $ 9,332 $ 12,303 $ 1,318 $ 299 $ 68 $ 322 $ 23,642 Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 Commercial Commercial and Commercial Real Estate Residential Home Industrial Real Estate Construction Real Estate Equity Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 4,901 $ 11,183 $ 964 $ 272 $ 80 $ 261 $ 17,661 Provision for loan losses 4,492 1,120 354 78 (12) 401 6,433 Charge-offs (76) — — (51) — (380) (507) Recoveries 15 — — — — 40 55 Ending balance $ 9,332 $ 12,303 $ 1,318 $ 299 $ 68 $ 322 $ 23,642 The following tables present the balance in the allowance and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022: Commercial Commercial and Commercial Real Estate Residential Home Industrial Real Estate Construction Real Estate Equity Consumer Total June 30, 2023 Allowance for credit losses: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 554 $ 366 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 920 collectively evaluated for impairment 4,601 16,753 1,060 992 46 476 23,928 Total ending allowance balance $ 5,155 $ 17,119 $ 1,060 $ 992 $ 46 $ 476 $ 24,848 Loans: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 641 $ 22,287 $ — $ 1,247 $ 47 $ 99 $ 24,321 collectively evaluated for impairment 256,874 1,190,826 116,919 82,048 12,002 30,123 1,688,792 Total ending loans balance $ 257,515 $ 1,213,113 $ 116,919 $ 83,295 $ 12,049 $ 30,222 $ 1,713,113 Commercial Commercial and Commercial Real Estate Residential Home Industrial Real Estate Construction Real Estate Equity Consumer Total December 31, 2022 Allowance for loan losses: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 653 $ 380 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,033 collectively evaluated for impairment 4,857 13,984 1,252 345 63 298 20,799 Total ending allowance balance $ 5,510 $ 14,364 $ 1,252 $ 345 $ 63 $ 298 $ 21,832 Loans: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,003 $ 22,956 $ — $ 1,254 $ 51 $ 104 $ 25,368 collectively evaluated for impairment 257,898 1,075,098 109,570 73,023 12,278 16,195 1,544,062 Total ending loans balance $ 258,901 $ 1,098,054 $ 109,570 $ 74,277 $ 12,329 $ 16,299 $ 1,569,430 Included in the commercial and industrial loans collectively evaluated for impairment are PPP loans of $1,535 and $1,717 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. PPP loans receivable are guaranteed by the SBA and have no allocation in the allowance. The following tables present loans individually evaluated for impairment recognized by class of loans as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022: Unpaid Allowance for Principal Recorded Credit Losses Balance Investment Allocated June 30, 2023 With no related allowance recorded Commercial and industrial (1) $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate (2) 17,428 16,768 — Commercial real estate construction — — — Residential real estate (3) 1,260 1,247 — Home equity (4) 52 47 — Consumer 99 99 — Total $ 18,839 $ 18,161 $ — With an allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial (1) $ 931 $ 641 $ 554 Commercial real estate (2) 5,553 5,519 366 Commercial real estate construction — — — Residential real estate — — — Home equity — — — Consumer (5) — — — Total $ 6,484 $ 6,160 $ 920 (1) Commercial and industrial loans – secured by business assets and UCC filings (2) Commercial real estate – secured by various types of commercial real estate (3) Residential real estate – secured by residential real estate (4) Home equity – secured by residential real estate (5) Consumer – represents one personal loan Unpaid Allowance for Principal Recorded Loan Losses Balance Investment Allocated December 31, 2022 With no related allowance recorded Commercial and industrial $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate 17,884 17,316 — Commercial real estate construction — — — Residential real estate 1,266 1,254 — Home equity 55 51 — Consumer — — — Total $ 19,205 $ 18,621 $ — With an allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 1,011 $ 1,003 $ 653 Commercial real estate 5,665 5,640 380 Commercial real estate construction — — — Residential real estate — — — Home equity — — — Consumer 104 104 — Total $ 6,780 $ 6,747 $ 1,033 The following tables present the average recorded investment and interest income of loans individually evaluated for impairment recognized by class of loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022: Three Months Ended Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Income Recorded Income Investment Recognized (1) Investment Recognized (1) With no related allowance recorded Commercial and industrial $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate 16,836 155 17,743 159 Commercial real estate construction 578 — 578 — Residential real estate 718 1 1,291 13 Home equity — — — — Consumer 101 1 — — Total $ 18,233 $ 157 $ 19,612 $ 172 With an allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 5,970 $ 79 $ 20,334 $ 93 Commercial real estate 306 — 334 — Commercial real estate construction — — — — Residential real estate — — — — Home equity — — — — Consumer — — 110 1 Total $ 6,276 $ 79 $ 20,778 $ 94 (1) Cash basis interest income approximates interest income recognized. Six Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Income Recorded Income Investment Recognized (1) Investment Recognized (1) With no related allowance recorded Commercial and industrial $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate 16,898 311 16,242 160 Commercial real estate construction 578 — 578 — Residential real estate 721 1 998 11 Home equity — — — — Consumer 102 3 — — Total $ 18,299 $ 315 $ 17,818 $ 171 With an allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 6,091 $ 159 $ 10,833 $ 60 Commercial real estate 310 — 4,523 41 Commercial real estate construction — — — — Residential real estate — — — — Home equity — — — — Consumer — — 112 1 Total $ 6,401 $ 159 $ 15,468 $ 102 (1) Cash basis interest income approximates interest income recognized. The following table presents the recorded investment in non-accrual and loans past due over 90 days still on accrual by class of loans as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022: Loans Past Due Over 90 Days Non-accrual Still Accruing June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Commercial and industrial $ 641 $ 1,003 $ — $ 1,850 Commercial real estate 3,487 3,882 — — Commercial real estate construction — — — — Residential real estate 1,184 1,188 — — Home equity 47 51 — — Consumer — — 42 477 Total $ 5,359 $ 6,124 $ 42 $ 2,327 As of June 30, 2023, the Company held $5.4 million in non-accrual balances and a related ACL for approximately $655 . Within the non-accrual balances, The Company adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (“ASU 2022-02”) effective January 1, 2023. The amendments in ASU 2022-02 eliminated the recognition and measurement of troubled debt restructurings and enhanced disclosures for loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company did not have any loans that were both experiencing financial difficulties and modified during the three months or six months ended June 30, 2023. In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed under the Company’s internal underwriting policy. The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past-due loans as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 by class of loans: The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past-due loans as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 by class of loans: 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Greater Than Total Loans Past Due Past Due 90 Days Past Due Not Past Due June 30, 2023 Commercial and industrial $ 520 $ 449 $ 641 $ 1,610 $ 255,905 Commercial real estate — 304 684 988 1,212,125 Commercial real estate construction — — — — 116,919 Residential real estate — 17 1,167 1,184 82,111 Home equity — — — — 12,049 Consumer 24 — 42 66 30,156 Total $ 544 $ 770 $ 2,534 $ 3,848 $ 1,709,265 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Greater Than Total Loans Past Due Past Due 90 Days Past Due Not Past Due December 31, 2022 Commercial and industrial $ 1,497 $ 1,583 $ 2,854 $ 5,934 $ 252,967 Commercial real estate 563 — 952 1,515 1,096,539 Commercial real estate construction — — — — 109,570 Residential real estate 2 — 1,188 1,190 73,087 Home equity — — — — 12,329 Consumer 584 634 476 1,694 14,605 Total $ 2,646 $ 2,217 $ 5,470 $ 10,333 $ 1,559,097 As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, loans in the process of foreclosure were $2,624 and $2,016 respectively, of which $1,167 and $578 were secured by residential real estate. The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis includes loans with an outstanding balance greater than $350 thousand and non-homogeneous loans, such as commercial and commercial real estate loans. This analysis is performed on an annual basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Special Mention: Substandard: Doubtful: Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass-rated loans. The following table summarizes the Company’s loans by year of origination and internally assigned credit risk at June 30, 2023 and gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023: Revolving Revolving Loans to 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Loans Term Loans Total Commercial and industrial — Pass $ 21,104 59,580 62,576 46,548 26,500 39,414 — — $ 255,722 Special Mention — 91 — — — 676 — — 767 Substandard — 385 — 225 — 416 — — 1,026 Total Commercial and industrial $ 21,104 60,056 62,576 46,773 26,500 40,506 — — $ 257,515 Current period gross charge-offs 21 — — 285 — 28 — — 334 Commercial real estate Pass $ 135,254 331,624 238,086 167,199 96,362 219,800 2,351 — $ 1,190,676 Special Mention — — 438 — — 6,951 — — 7,389 Substandard — — — 2,499 6,278 6,271 — — 15,048 Total Commercial real estate $ 135,254 331,624 238,524 169,698 102,640 233,022 2,351 — $ 1,213,113 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Commercial real estate construction Pass $ 2,214 25,755 64,239 24,711 — — — — $ 116,919 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Commercial real estate construction $ 2,214 25,755 64,239 24,711 — — — — $ 116,919 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Residential real estate Pass $ 13,356 22,856 12,224 9,920 4,659 19,096 — — $ 82,111 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — 589 595 — — 1,184 Total Residential real estate $ 13,356 22,856 12,224 9,920 5,248 19,691 — — $ 83,295 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Home equity Pass $ 129 71 17 — 82 — 11,703 — $ 12,002 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — 47 — 47 Total Home Equity $ 129 71 17 — 82 — 11,750 — $ 12,049 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Consumer Pass $ 21,400 658 — 2,269 36 64 5,696 — $ 30,123 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 99 — — 99 Total Consumer $ 21,400 658 — 2,269 36 163 5,696 — $ 30,222 Current period gross charge-offs — — 11 — 25 — — — 36 Total Loans $ 193,457 441,020 377,580 253,371 134,506 293,382 19,797 — $ 1,713,113 Gross charge-offs $ 21 — 11 285 25 28 — — $ 370 Based on the analysis performed as of December 31, 2022, the risk category of loans by class of loans is as follows: Special Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total December 31, 2022 Commercial and industrial $ 256,939 $ 575 $ 1,387 $ — $ — $ 258,901 Commercial real estate 1,074,952 7,399 15,703 — — 1,098,054 Commercial real estate construction 109,570 — — — — 109,570 Residential real estate 73,089 — 1,188 — — 74,277 Home equity 12,278 — 51 — — 12,329 Consumer 16,195 — 104 — — 16,299 Total $ 1,543,023 $ 7,974 $ 18,433 $ — $ — $ 1,569,430 Loans to certain directors and principal officers of the Company, including their immediate families and companies in which they are affiliated, amounted to $16,856 and $16,891 at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. |