Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial statements and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not contain all information and notes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for annual financial statements. A complete discussion of the Company’s significant accounting policies is included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all of the adjustments necessary to present the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2023 and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have not been audited by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, except that the year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future period. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2023. Basis of Consolidation The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a consolidated basis with those of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Reclassifications Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations. Use of Estimates The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company regularly evaluates estimates and assumptions. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience, and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. The actual results experienced by the Company may differ materially and adversely from the Company’s estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and the actual results, future results of operations will be affected. Significant estimates are contained in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for the valuation of derivatives, share-based compensation, useful lives for depreciation and amortization of long-lived assets, and the incremental borrowing rate used on right-of-use assets. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash in bank accounts and money market funds with maturities of less than three months from inception, which are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which, in the opinion of management, are subject to an insignificant risk of loss in value. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents consisted of the following: Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents September 30, December 31, 2023 2022 Cash $ 2,867,519 $ 5,411,378 Money market funds 1,018,478 3,005,825 Total cash and cash equivalents $ 3,885,997 $ 8,417,203 Periodically, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $ 250,000 3,256,000 Marketable Securities Our investments in debt securities are carried at fair value. Investments in debt securities that are not classified as held-to-maturity are carried at fair value and classified as either trading or available-for-sale. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on trading of debt securities are charged to income. The marketable securities held by the Company, which are classified as trading marketable securities, consisted of an outstanding balance of $ 2,920,592 0 56,720 0 1,744 0 21,134 0 Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company follows accounting guidelines on fair value measurements for financial instruments measured on a recurring basis, as well as for certain assets and liabilities that are initially recorded at their estimated fair values. Fair Value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The Company uses the following three-level hierarchy that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs to value its financial instruments: ● Level 1: Observable inputs such as unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments. ● Level 2: Quoted prices for similar instruments that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. ● Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity and that are financial instruments whose values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires a significant judgment or estimation. Financial instruments measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires the Company to make judgments and consider factors specific to the asset or liability. The use of different assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on estimated fair values. Accordingly, the fair value estimates disclosed, or initial amounts recorded, may not be indicative of the amount that the Company or holders of the instruments could realize in a current market exchange. The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Set out below are the Company’s financial instruments that are required to be remeasured at fair value on a recurring basis and their fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2023 (none for December 31, 2022): Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis September 30, 2023 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Carrying Value Assets Marketable Securities: United States Treasury Bonds $ 2,920,592 $ - $ - $ 2,920,592 Liabilities Derivative Liability - Warrants $ - $ - $ 497,157 $ 497,157 Derivative Liability - Accelerated feature - - 15,668 15,668 Total Liabilities $ - $ - $ 512,825 $ 512,825 Derivative Financial Instruments The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market or foreign currency risks. We evaluate all of our financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the statements of operations. For our derivative financial instruments, the Company used a Monte Carlo valuation model to value the derivative instruments at inception and on subsequent valuation dates. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is evaluated at the end of each reporting period. Derivative liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement or conversion of the instrument could be required within twelve (12) months of the balance sheet date. Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses are charged to expense as incurred. Research and development expenses include, but are not limited to, product development, clinical and regulatory expenses, payroll and other personnel expenses, materials, supplies, related subcontract expenses, and consulting costs. In September of 2022, TCG GreenChem, Inc. (“TCG GreenChem”) was contracted for process research, development and cGMP compliant manufacture of IpdR, for which the final report was completed and delivered by TCG GreenChem during September 2023. The total project cost was $ 1,500,000 450,000 300,000 300,000 450,000 Regarding the accounting treatment for reimbursements, GAAP provides limited guidance on the accounting for government grants received by for-profit companies. We understand there is more than one acceptable alternative for the accounting treatment – a reduction of costs, a deferred credit to be amortized, revenue or other income. The Company has concluded that reimbursements are more akin to a reduction of costs and applies reimbursements against incurred research costs. Net Loss Per Common Stock Net loss per share of common stock requires presentation of basic earnings per share on the face of the statements of operations for all entities with complex capital structures and requires a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic earnings per share computation. In the accompanying financial statements, basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive outstanding shares of common stock during the period to reflect the potential dilution that could occur from common shares issuable through contingent share arrangements, stock options and warrants unless the result would be antidilutive. The dilutive effect of restricted stock units subject to vesting and other share-based payment awards is calculated using the “treasury stock method,” which assumes that the “proceeds” from the exercise of these instruments are used to purchase common shares at the average market price for the period. The dilutive effect of convertible securities is calculated using the “if-converted method.” Under the if-converted method, securities are assumed to be converted at the beginning of the period, and the resulting shares of common stock are included in the denominator of the diluted calculation for the entire period being presented. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the following common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the result of the computation was anti-dilutive. Schedule of Anti-dilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share September 30, September 30, 2023 2022 Convertible notes (Note 6) 1,101,830 - Warrants 1,446,155 20,000 Restricted stock units 168,050 - 2,716,035 20,000 Recent Accounting Pronouncements The Company has considered all recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe the adoption of such pronouncements will have a material impact on its financial statements. As new accounting pronouncements are issued, we will adopt those that are applicable under the circumstances. |