Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2 – Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Kaival Labs. Intercompany transactions are eliminated. Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s most recent Annual Financial Statements filed with the SEC on Annual Report on Form 10-K on February 16, 2022 (the “2021 Annual Report”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of financial position and the results of operations for the interim period presented have been reflected herein. The results of operations for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. Notes to the consolidated financial statements, which would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the audited financial statements for the most recent fiscal period, as reported in the 2021 Annual Report have been omitted. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary in order to make the financial statements not misleading have been included. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and Restricted Cash The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents at January 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021. Cash and restricted cash at January 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021 were $ 5,655,962 7,825,235 Cash and restricted consist of cash and cash held short-term in escrow as required. As of January 31, 2022, and October 31, 2021, the Company had $ 65,542 65,007 The following table sets forth a reconciliation of cash, and restricted cash reported in the consolidated balance sheet and the consolidated statements of cash flows that agrees to the total of those amounts presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Restrictions on Cash and Cash Equivalents January 31, October 31, 2022 2021 Cash $ 5,590,420 $ 7,760,228 Restricted cash 65,542 65,007 Total cash and restricted cash shown in statement of cash flows $ 5,655,962 $ 7,825,235 Advertising and Promotion All advertising, promotion and marketing expenses, including commissions, are expensed when incurred. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivables are stated at cost, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on management’s assessment of the collectability of accounts receivables. A considerable amount of judgment is required in assessing the amount of the allowance and the Company considers the historical level of credit losses and collection history and applies percentages to aged receivable categories. The Company makes judgments about the creditworthiness of debtors based on ongoing credit evaluations and monitors current economic trends that might impact the level of credit losses in the future. If the financial condition of the debtors were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make payments, a larger allowance may be required. As of January 31, 2022, based upon management’s assessment of the accounts receivable aging and the customers’ payment history, the Company has determined that no allowance for doubtful accounts was required. As of October 31, 2021, the Company also determined that no Inventories All product inventory is purchased from a related party, Bidi. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes all costs of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. The Company determines cost based on the FIFO method. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. All inventories are purchased from a related party as of October 31, 2021 and January 31, 2022, the inventories only consisted of finished goods, were significant, and were located in four storage locations, one of which was a related party, Bidi, and the other location was with a customer/sub distributor, Favs Business LLC (“Favs Business”). Based upon fiscal year 2021 inventory management procedures and their results, that have continued through the quarter ended January 31, 2022, the Company has determined that no allowance for the inventory valuation was required at January 31, 2022, nor October 31, 2021. Inventory deposit related party In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, the Company placed an order for BIDI ® ® ® ® ® Revenue Recognition The Company adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers Deferred Revenue The Company accepts partial payments for orders from wholesale customers, which it holds as deposits or deferred revenue, until the Company has received full payment and orders are shipped to the customer. Revenue for these orders is recognized at time of shipment to the customer. As of January 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021, the Company had not received any deposits from customers, respectively, which would be included with the Company’s current liabilities, if they existed. Customer Refunds The Company infrequently has a need to adjust the size of an order after it has been shipped, received and paid for, due to the customer oversizing the order for more product that it can realistically sell at that time. If and when this occurs, the Company will ask the customer to return the over allotted Products. Once received and inspected, the Company will issue a refund for the Product return. As of January 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021, the Company had customer refunds due in the amounts equal to approximately $147,690 and $316,800, respectively, which was the result of one of the Company’s sub-distributor customers returning Product that had become defective in storage. The approximately $147,690 due at January 31, 2022 represents the amount of the refund the Company will make to this customer. Products Revenue The Company generates revenue from the sale of the Products (as defined above) to non-retail customers. The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time based on management’s evaluation of when performance obligations under the terms of a contract with the customer are satisfied and control of the Products has been transferred to the customer. In most situations, transfer of control is considered complete when the Products have been shipped to the customer. The Company determines that a customer obtains control of the Product upon shipment when title of such product and risk of loss transfer to the customer. The Company’s shipping and handling costs are fulfillment costs and such amounts are classified as part of cost of sales. The Company’s sales arrangements for retail sales usually require full prepayment before delivery of the Products. The advance payment is not considered a significant financing component because the period between when the Company transfers a promised good to a customer and when the customer pays for that good is short. The Company offers credit sales arrangements to non-retail (or wholesale) customers and monitors the collectability of each credit sale routinely. Revenue is measured by the transaction price, which is defined as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for providing goods to customers. The transaction price is adjusted for estimates of known or expected variable consideration, which includes refunds and returns as well as incentive offers and promotional discounts on current orders. Estimates for sales returns are based on, among other things, an assessment of historical trends, information from customers, and anticipated returns related to current sales activity. These estimates are established in the period of sale and reduce revenue in the period of the sale. Variable consideration related to incentive offers and promotional programs are recorded as a reduction to revenue based on amounts the Company expects to collect. Estimates are regularly updated and the impact of any adjustments are recognized in the period the adjustments are identified. In many cases, key sales terms such as pricing and quantities ordered are established at the time an order is placed and incentives have very short-term durations. Amounts billed and due from customers are short term in nature and are classified as receivables since payments are unconditional and only the passage of time related to credit terms is required before payments are due. The Company does not grant payment financing terms greater than one year. Payments received in advance of revenue recognition are recorded as deferred revenue. Concentration of Revenues and Accounts Receivable For the three months ended January 31, 2022, approximately 45%, or $1,287,180, of the revenue from the sale of Products was generated from Favs Business, approximately 12%, or $352,554, of the revenue from the sale of Products was generated from Lakshmi Distributor Inc., doing business as C Store Master (“C Store Master”), and approximately 12%, or $332,595, of the revenue from the sale of Products was generated from The H.T. Hackney Company. Favs Business and C Store Master had outstanding balances of approximately $374,400 and $282,414, respectively, which accounted for approximately 29% and 22%, respectively, of the total accounts receivable from customers as of January 31, 2022. For the three months ended January 31, 2021, approximately 37%, or $13,888,376, of the revenue from the sale of Products was generated from Favs Business, approximately 18%, or $6,708,752, of the revenue from the sale of Products was generated from MMS Distribution, LLC (“MMS Distro”), and approximately 13%, or $4,879,427, of the revenue from the sale of Products was generated from C Store Master. Favs Business, with an outstanding balance of approximately $8,601,200, and GPM Investment, LLC, with an outstanding balance of approximately $1,262,985, accounted for approximately 68% and 10% of the total accounts receivable from customers, respectively, as of January 31, 2021. Share-Based Compensation The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments (share-based payments, or SBP) based on the grant-date fair value of the award. That cost is recognized over the period during which a recipient is required to provide service in exchange for the SBP award—the requisite service period (vesting period). For SBP awards subject to conditions, compensation is not recognized until the performance condition is probable of occurrence. The grant-date fair value of share options is estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. Compensation expense for SBP awards granted to nonemployees is remeasured each period as the underlying options vest. The fair value of each option granted during the fiscal three month period ended January 31, 2022 and at October 31, 2021 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model with the weighted average assumptions in the following table: Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions 2022 2021 Expected dividend yield 0 % 0 Expected option term (years) 10 10 Expected volatility 294.57 301.53 % 294.57 301.53 Risk-free interest rate 1.19 1.63 % 1.19 1.63 The expected term of options granted represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The expected volatility was based on the volatility in the trading of the Common Stock. The assumed discount rate was the default risk-free ten-year interest rate for U.S. Treasury bills. The Company stock option expense for the fiscal three months ended January 31, 2022 and for the fiscal year October 31, 2021 was approximately $ 309,700 1,773,947 The Company’s stock-based compensation for the fiscal three months ended January 31, 2022 and fiscal year October 31, 2021 was approximately $ 110,250 9,449,421 Income Tax Income taxes are provided for the tax effects of transactions reported in the financial statements and consist of taxes currently due plus deferred taxes related primarily to differences between the recorded book basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities for financial and income tax reporting. Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax return consequences of those differences, which will either be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Deferred taxes are also recognized for operating losses that are available to offset future taxable income and tax credits that are available to offset future federal income taxes. The Company believes that its income tax filing positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flow. The Company has Federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $ 4,000,000 1,800,000 1,256,059 Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s balance sheet includes certain financial instruments. The carrying amounts of current assets and current liabilities approximate their fair value because of the relatively short period of time between the origination of these instruments and their expected realization. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ● Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. ● Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (e.g., interest rates); and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. ● Level 3 - Inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable. Fair value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to management as of January 31, 2022. The respective carrying value of certain on-balance-sheet financial instruments approximated their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. These financial instruments include cash, restricted cash, accounts receivable, inventory, accounts payable and accrued expenses. Recent Accounting Pronouncements The Company does not believe that any recently issued effective pronouncements, or pronouncements issued but not yet effective, if adopted, would have a material effect on the accompanying financial statements. |