Nature of business and summary of significant accounting policies | Note 1. Nature of business and summary of significant accounting policies Mayville Engineering Company, Inc. and subsidiaries (MEC, the Company, we, our, us or similar terms) is a leading U.S.-based value-added manufacturing partner that provides a broad range of prototyping and tooling, production fabrication, coating, assembly and aftermarket components. Our customers operate in diverse end markets, including heavy- and medium-duty commercial vehicle, construction, powersports, agriculture, military and other end markets. Founded in 1945 and headquartered in Mayville, Wisconsin, we are a leading Tier I U.S. supplier of highly engineered components to original equipment manufacturers (OEM) customers with leading positions in their respective markets. The Company operates 20 facilities located in Arkansas, Michigan, Mississippi, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Our engineering expertise and technical know-how allow us to add value through every product redevelopment cycle (generally every three to five years for our customers). In December 1985, the Company formed the Mayville Engineering Company, Inc. Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP). The ESOP is a tax qualified retirement plan and is designed to invest primarily in the Company’s common stock which is held in a Trust. From January 2003 until the Company’s initial public offering of its common stock (IPO) in May 2019, the ESOP owned 100% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock which have been fully allocated to active or retired eligible employees. Basis of presentation and consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). They include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and cash equivalents The Company considers all highly-liquid investments purchased with original maturities of 90 days or less to be cash and cash equivalents. Concentration of credit risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist principally of bank balances above the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurability limits of $250 per official custodian. The Company has not experienced any losses on these accounts and management believes the Company is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash. Accounts receivable Accounts receivable are generally uncollateralized customer obligations due under normal trade terms requiring payment within 30 to 60 days from the invoice date. Management periodically reviews past due balances and established an allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $526 and $801 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, for probable uncollectible amounts based on its assessment of the current status of individual accounts. The estimated valuation allowance results in a charge to earnings and the accounts are written-off through a charge to the valuation allowance and a credit to accounts receivable after the Company has used all reasonable collection efforts. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined on the first-in, first-out method (FIFO), and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. Work-in-process and finished goods are valued at production cost consisting of material, labor and overhead. The Company maintains a reserve for obsolete and slow-moving inventory which is based upon the aging of current inventory as well as assumptions on future demand and market conditions. Tooling in progress The Company has agreements with its customers to provide production tooling which will be used to produce specific parts for its customers. The costs to design, engineer, and manufacture the tooling are charged to tooling in progress as incurred and upon completion are sold to customers. The Company may also provide production tooling that is not sold to customers but is capitalized in property, plant and equipment. To the extent that estimated costs exceed expected reimbursement from the customer, the Company recognizes a loss. Tooling in progress was $1,589 and $2,318 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for additions and improvements are capitalized while replacements, maintenance and repairs which do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are expensed as incurred. Properties sold, or otherwise disposed of, are removed from the property accounts, with gains or losses on disposal credited or charged to the results of operations. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, using the straight-line depreciation method for financial reporting purposes and begins when the asset is placed into service. Depreciation expense for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $22,296, $16,372 and $16,975, respectively, and is included in cost of sales on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Business combinations The Company accounts for all business combinations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 805, Business Combinations. In connection with a business combination, the acquiring company must allocate the cost of the acquisition to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on fair values as of the acquisition date. Any excess or shortage of amounts assigned to assets and liabilities over or under the purchase price is recorded as a gain on bargain purchase or goodwill. Transaction costs associated with acquisitions are expensed as incurred within selling, general and administrative expenses. Goodwill We test goodwill for impairment annually, or more frequently if triggering events occur indicating that there may be an impairment. We have recorded goodwill and perform testing for potential goodwill impairment at a reporting unit level. A reporting unit is an operating segment, or a business unit one level below an operating segment for which discrete financial information is available, and for which management regularly reviews the operating results. Additionally, components within an operating segment can be aggregated as a single reporting unit if they have similar economic characteristics. We have performed testing on each of our reporting units which contain goodwill. We determine the fair value of our reporting units using multiple valuation methodologies, relying largely on an income approach but also incorporating value indicators from a market approach. Under the income approach, we calculate the fair value of a reporting unit based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. The income approach is dependent on several key management assumptions, including estimates of future sales, gross margins, operating costs, interest expense, income tax rates, capital expenditures, changes in working capital requirements and the weighted average cost of capital or the discount rate. Discount rate assumptions include an assessment of the risk inherent in the future cash flows of the reporting unit. Expected cash flows used under the income approach are developed in conjunction with our budgeting and forecasting process. Under the market approach, we estimate fair value of the reporting units using EBITDA multiples. The multiples are derived from comparable publicly traded companies with similar operating and investment characteristics as the respective reporting units. During the fourth fiscal quarters of 2019 and 2018, we performed our annual impairment assessments of goodwill, which did not indicate an impairment existed. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 we had two reporting units, DMP and MEC. The DMP reporting unit was acquired on December 14, 2018 and had preliminarily estimated goodwill of $29.2 million as of December 31, 2018. For the 18-day period from December 14 through December 31, 2018, DMP’s actual results of operations were above estimates utilized to determine the preliminary purchase price allocation. As a result, the fair value of the DMP reporting unit at December 31, 2018 is nominally above its carrying value. At December 31, 2018, the MEC reporting unit had goodwill with a carrying amount of approximately $40.2 million. The fair value of the MEC reporting unit substantially exceeded carrying value for 2018. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, we concluded that the DMP and MEC reporting units were integrated into one reporting unit. At December 31, 2019, the reporting unit had goodwill with a carrying amount of approximately $71.5 million. The fair value of this reporting unit substantially exceeded the carrying value for 2019. Changes to management assumptions and estimates utilized in the income and market approaches could negatively impact the fair value conclusions for our reporting units resulting in goodwill impairment. All key assumptions and valuations are determined by and are the responsibility of management. The factors used in the impairment analysis are inherently subject to uncertainty. We believe that the estimates and assumptions are reasonable to determine the fair value of our reporting units, however, if actual results are not consistent with these estimates and assumptions, goodwill and other intangible assets may be overstated which could trigger an impairment charge. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and long-term debt. The carrying amount of all significant financial instruments approximates fair value due to either the short maturity or the existence of variable interest rates that approximate prevailing market rates. Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable are classified as Level 1 fair value inputs as further described in Note 17. Long-term debt is classified as a Level 1 and Level 2 fair value input. Impairment of long-lived assets When events or conditions warrant, the Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets and considers whether these assets are impaired. The Company assesses the recoverability of these assets based on several factors, including management’s intention with respect to these assets and their projected undiscounted cash flows. If projected undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the respective assets, the Company adjusts the carrying amounts of such assets to their estimated fair value. To the extent that the carrying value of the net assets of a reportable unit is greater than the estimated fair value, the Company may be required to record impairment charges. Deferred financing costs Loan issuance costs and discounts are capitalized upon the issuance of long-term debt and amortized over the life of the related debt and are presented as a reduction of the associated long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheets. Loan issuance costs associated with revolving debt arrangements are presented as a component of other assets. Loan issuance costs incurred in connection with revolving debt arrangements are amortized using the straight-line method over the life of the credit agreement. Loan issuance costs and discounts incurred in connection with term debt are amortized using the effective interest method. Amortization of deferred loan issuance costs and discounts are included in interest expense. During 2019, 2018 and 2017 the Company recorded $142, $2,173 and $412, respectively of deferred financing costs associated with its long-term debt and line of credit arrangements. Amortization expense associated with the deferred debt issuance costs and discounts in 2019, 2018 and 2017 was approximately $381, $198 and $249. Accumulated amortization was approximately $474, $114 and $619 as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Amendments made to existing debt in 2019, 2018 and 2017 resulted in the write-offs of $154, $814 and zero, respectively of unamortized costs associated with the debt that was replaced. Revenue recognition The Company adopted ASC 606 January 1, 2019, where the Company recognizes revenue for the transfer of goods or services to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. When goods are shipped, the customer takes ownership at shipment, and this is when control transfers. Sales are supported by documentation such as supply agreements and purchase order, which specify certain terms and conditions including product specifications, quantities, fixed prices, delivery dates and payments terms. Revenue related to services is recognized in the period services are performed, thus the Company recognizes revenue at a point in time. There are many customers where the Company designs, engineers and builds production tooling, which is purchased by the customer. Revenue is recognized when the tooling is completed, the customer signs off the product through the Product Part Approval Process (PPAP) and the tool is placed into service. Revenue related to production tooling is recognized as a point in time when it meets the PPAP criteria. The Company offers certain customers discounts for early payments. These discounts are recorded against net sales in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income and accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheet. The Company does not offer any other customer incentives, rebates or allowances. Shipping and handling The Company expenses shipping and handling costs as incurred. These costs are generally comprised of salaries and wages, shipping supplies and warehouse costs. These costs are included in cost of sales on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The Company does not charge customers nor recognize revenue for shipping and handling. The Company’s OEM customers arrange and pay the freight for delivery. Advertising The Company expenses the costs of advertising when incurred. Advertising expense was approximately $110, $116 and $157 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Advertising costs are charged to selling, general and administrative expenses. Income Taxes Income taxes and uncertain tax positions are accounted for in accordance with ASC 740, “Accounting for Income Taxes”. Deferred income taxes are provided for the differences between the bases of assets and liabilities for financial reporting and income tax purposes. The Company measures deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse and recognizes the effect of a change in enacted rates in the period of enactment. Tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured pursuant to the guidance set forth in ASC 740. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. See Note 11 “Income Taxes” of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion. Earnings per share The Company computes basic earnings (loss) per share by dividing net income (loss) available to shareholders by the actual weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the reporting period. The Company does not have any potentially dilutive convertible securities. As a result, basic and diluted earnings per share for the Company are the same. Treasury Stock Treasury stock purchases are accounted for under the cost method whereby the entire cost of the acquired stock is recorded as treasury stock. Subsequent reissuance of shares to the ESOP are recorded as a reduction to treasury stock and as ESOP expense in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, FASB issued Accounting Standard Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09), and issued subsequent amendments to the initial guidance within ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Principal versus Agent Considerations (ASU 2016-08) issued in March 2016, ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing (ASU 2016-10) issued in April 2016, ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients (ASU 2016-12) issued in May 2016 and ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2016-20) issued in December 2016 (ASU 2014-09, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12 and ASU 2016-20 collectively “Topic 606”). Topic 606 provides a comprehensive revenue recognition model requiring companies to recognize revenue for the transfer of goods or services to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. In July 2015, the FASB voted to defer the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year, and therefore the standard is effective for the Company's annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Effective January 1, 2019, the Company implemented the new standard using a five-step model specified in the guidance using the modified retrospective method. The implementation did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and there was no adjustment to retained earnings from implementation. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which establishes ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. The ASU revises the measurement of credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost from an incurred loss methodology to an expected loss methodology. The ASU affects trade receivables, debt securities, net investment in leases, and most other financial assets that represent a right to receive cash. Additional disclosures about significant estimates and credit quality are also required. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. This ASU clarifies that receivables from operating leases are accounted for using the lease guidance and not as financial instruments. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which narrows the application of when an integrated set of assets and activities is considered a business and provides a framework to assist entities in evaluating whether both an input and a substantive process are present to be considered a business. It is expected that the new guidance will reduce the number of transactions that would need to be further evaluated and accounted for as a business. For public companies, this guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For as long as the Company remains an EGC, the new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of adopting this guidance on the consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU, 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by removing the requirement to perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation to compute the implied fair value of goodwill to measure impairment. Instead, any goodwill impairment will equal the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. Further, the guidance eliminates the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. For public companies, this guidance is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment test in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020. For as long as the Company remains an EGC, the new guidance is effective for any annual or interim goodwill impairment test in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (ASU 2018-13) to improve the effectiveness of fair value measurement disclosures. The amendments in this Update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement based on the concepts in FASB Concept Statement, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption of this guidance is permitted for removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of this Update while a delayed adoption of the additional disclosures is allowed until the effective date. The Company is evaluating the impact of this standard on its financial statements. |