LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES A summary of the balances of loans follows: September 30, December 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) Residential real estate: One- to four-family $ 1,513,326 $ 1,432,263 Second mortgages and equity lines of credit 174,814 166,219 Residential real estate construction 20,272 35,837 Total residential real estate loans 1,708,412 1,634,319 Commercial: Commercial real estate 2,349,886 2,250,344 Commercial construction 191,224 199,311 Commercial and industrial 450,547 424,275 Total commercial loans 2,991,657 2,873,930 Consumer loans: Auto 15,797 33,625 Personal 8,450 7,796 Total consumer loans 24,247 41,421 Total loans before basis adjustment 4,724,316 4,549,670 Basis adjustment associated with fair value hedge (1) (1,462) — Total loans 4,722,854 4,549,670 Allowance for credit losses on loans (48,312) (45,236) Loans, net $ 4,674,542 $ 4,504,434 (1) Note 10 - Derivatives The net unamortized deferred loan origination costs included in total loans and leases were $8.3 million and $7.4 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the commercial and industrial loans includes $355,000 and $2.1 million, respectively, of SBA PPP loans and $50,000 and $65,000, respectively, of deferred fees on the PPP loans. PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government. The Company has transferred a portion of its originated commercial loans to participating lenders. The amounts transferred have been accounted for as sales and are therefore not included in the Company’s accompanying unaudited interim Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company and participating lenders share ratably in cash flows and any gains or losses that may result from a borrower’s lack of compliance with contractual terms of the loan. The Company continues to service the loans on behalf of the participating lenders and, as such, collects cash payments from the borrowers, remits payments to participating lenders, and disburses required escrow funds to relevant parties. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company was servicing commercial loans for participants in the aggregate amount of $397.6 million and $366.4 million, respectively. The following table presents the activity in the ACL on loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022: Second Mortgages Residential One- to Four- and Equity Real Estate Commercial Commercial Commercial Family Lines of Credit Construction Real Estate Construction and Industrial Consumer Total (in thousands) Balance at June 30, 2023 $ 12,185 $ 1,012 $ 630 $ 20,599 $ 5,373 $ 7,750 $ 272 $ 47,821 Charge-offs — — — — — (16) (21) (37) Recoveries — 40 — 2 — — 13 55 Provision 488 (28) (164) 900 (937) 242 (28) 473 Balance at September 30, 2023 $ 12,673 $ 1,024 $ 466 $ 21,501 $ 4,436 $ 7,976 $ 236 $ 48,312 Second Mortgages Residential One- to Four- and Equity Real Estate Commercial Commercial Commercial Family Lines of Credit Construction Real Estate Construction and Industrial Consumer Total (in thousands) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 11,532 $ 924 $ 280 $ 20,357 $ 4,645 $ 7,236 $ 262 $ 45,236 Charge-offs — — — (2,918) — (51) (70) (3,039) Recoveries 2 83 — 4 — 275 34 398 Provision 1,139 17 186 4,058 (209) 516 10 5,717 Balance at September 30, 2023 $ 12,673 $ 1,024 $ 466 $ 21,501 $ 4,436 $ 7,976 $ 236 $ 48,312 Second Mortgages Residential One- to Four- and Equity Real Estate Commercial Commercial Commercial Family Lines of Credit Construction Real Estate Construction and Industrial Consumer Total (in thousands) Balance at June 30, 2022 $ 10,082 $ 849 $ 327 $ 20,431 $ 4,370 $ 7,174 $ 327 $ 43,560 Charge-offs — — — (24) — (205) (24) (253) Recoveries 2 15 — 7 — 1,021 7 1,052 Provision 834 (16) (33) 741 99 (1,300) (63) 262 Balance at September 30, 2022 $ 10,918 $ 848 $ 294 $ 21,155 $ 4,469 $ 6,690 $ 247 $ 44,621 Second Mortgages Residential One- to Four- and Equity Real Estate Commercial Commercial Commercial Family Lines of Credit Construction Real Estate Construction and Industrial Consumer Unallocated Total (in thousands) Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 3,631 $ 420 $ 69 $ 33,242 $ 2,010 $ 4,638 $ 367 $ 1,000 $ 45,377 Adoption of Topic 326 5,198 391 185 (10,194) 1,698 2,288 123 (1,000) (1,311) Charge-offs — — — (2,810) — (246) (55) — (3,111) Recoveries 2 108 — 13 — 1,495 67 — 1,685 Provision 2,087 (71) 40 904 761 (1,485) (255) — 1,981 Balance at September 30, 2022 $ 10,918 $ 848 $ 294 $ 21,155 $ 4,469 $ 6,690 $ 247 $ — $ 44,621 As of September 30, 2023, the carrying value of individually analyzed loans amounted to $18.7 million, with a related allowance of $200,000, and $18.5 million of individually analyzed loans were considered collateral-dependent. As of December 31, 2022, the carrying value of individually analyzed loans amounted to $23.8 million, with a related allowance of $203,000, and $15.9 million were considered collateral-dependent. For collateral-dependent loans where management has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment of the loan is to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date. The following table presents the carrying value of collateral-dependent individually analyzed loans as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022: September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Related Related Carrying Value Allowance Carrying Value Allowance (in thousands) Commercial: Commercial real estate $ 8,811 $ 5 $ 2,039 $ — Commercial and industrial 1,982 191 3,329 7 Commercial construction — — — — Total Commercial 10,793 196 5,368 7 Residential real estate 7,741 1 10,494 1 Total $ 18,534 $ 197 $ 15,862 $ 8 The following is a summary of past due and non-accrual loans at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022: 90 Days 30-59 Days 60-89 Days or More Total Loans on Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Non-accrual (in thousands) September 30, 2023 Residential real estate: One- to four-family $ 2,078 $ 1,168 $ 3,018 $ 6,264 $ 7,498 Second mortgages and equity lines of credit 171 137 305 613 453 Commercial real estate — — 7,004 7,004 8,811 Commercial construction — — — — — Commercial and industrial 274 97 1,437 1,808 1,980 Consumer: Auto 132 16 30 178 31 Personal 36 17 5 58 10 Total $ 2,691 $ 1,435 $ 11,799 $ 15,925 $ 18,783 December 31, 2022 Residential real estate: One- to four-family $ 3,711 $ 524 $ 6,526 $ 10,761 $ 8,927 Second mortgages and equity lines of credit 407 5 189 601 421 Commercial real estate — — 120 120 2,039 Commercial construction — — — — — Commercial and industrial 26 492 2,901 3,419 3,329 Consumer: Auto 348 101 51 500 64 Personal 18 — 6 24 6 Total $ 4,510 $ 1,122 $ 9,793 $ 15,425 $ 14,786 At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing. Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty Effective January 1, 2023, ASU 2022-02 Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures was adopted. The Bank will modify the contractual terms of loans to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties as a way to mitigate loss and comply with regulations regarding bankruptcy and discharge situations. Modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may include interest rate reductions, principal or interest forgiveness, forbearances, term extensions, and other actions intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. There were no material loan modifications based on borrower financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. There was one TDR loan modification during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The TDR loan modification in 2022 provided a deferral of principal. There were no loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had a payment default during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 and were modified in the twelve months prior to that default. Default is determined at 90 or more days past due, upon charge-off, or upon foreclosure. Modified loans in default are individually evaluated for the allowance for credit losses or if the modified loan is deemed uncollectible, the loan, or a portion of the loan, is written off, and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted accordingly. Credit Quality Indicators Commercial The Company uses a ten-grade internal loan rating system for commercial real estate, commercial construction and commercial loans, as follows: Loans rated 1 – 6 are considered “pass”-rated loans with low to average risk. Loans rated 7 are considered “special mention.” These loans are starting to show signs of potential weakness and are being closely monitored by management. Loans rated 8 are considered “substandard.” Generally, a loan is considered substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors and/or the collateral pledged. There is a distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the weakness is not corrected. Loans rated 9 are considered “doubtful.” Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, highly questionable and improbable. Loans rated 10 are considered “uncollectible” (loss), and of such little value that their continuance as loans is not warranted. Loans not rated consist primarily of certain smaller balance commercial real estate and commercial loans that are managed by exception. On an annual basis, or more often if needed, the Company formally reviews on a risk-adjusted basis, the ratings on substantially all commercial real estate, construction and commercial loans. Semi-annually, the Company engages an independent third party to review a significant portion of loans within these segments. Management uses the results of these reviews as part of its annual review process. Residential and Consumer On a monthly basis, the Company reviews the residential construction, residential real estate and consumer installment portfolios for credit quality primarily through the use of delinquency reports. The following table summarizes the Company’s loan portfolio by credit quality indicator and loan portfolio segment as of September 30, 2023: Revolving Revolving Loans Loans Converted Term Loans at Amortized Cost by Origination Year Amortized to Term 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Cost Loans Total (in thousands) As of September 30, 2023 Commercial real estate Pass $ 124,574 $ 817,946 $ 454,639 $ 237,296 $ 246,011 $ 415,685 $ — $ — $ 2,296,151 Special mention — 17,026 — 4,309 9,063 14,526 — — 44,924 Substandard — — — — — 1,812 — — 1,812 Doubtful — — — — — 6,999 — — 6,999 Total commercial real estate 124,574 834,972 454,639 241,605 255,074 439,022 — — 2,349,886 YTD gross charge-offs — — — — — 2,918 — — 2,918 Commercial and industrial Pass 53,242 51,548 96,455 75,178 23,999 78,676 68,852 — 447,950 Special mention — — 5 — 2 610 — — 617 Substandard 19 88 72 — — 385 50 — 614 Doubtful — — 9 — — 1,307 50 — 1,366 Total commercial and industrial 53,261 51,636 96,541 75,178 24,001 80,978 68,952 — 450,547 YTD gross charge-offs 5 18 14 5 8 1 — — 51 Commercial construction Pass 16,726 115,057 58,048 — — — 1,393 — 191,224 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial construction 16,726 115,057 58,048 — — — 1,393 — 191,224 YTD gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Residential real estate Accrual 122,166 436,709 486,044 203,962 40,500 245,104 164,522 1,454 1,700,461 Non-accrual — — — 132 188 7,430 201 — 7,951 Total residential real estate 122,166 436,709 486,044 204,094 40,688 252,534 164,723 1,454 1,708,412 YTD gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Consumer Accrual 7,274 6,049 2,536 1,219 4,451 1,662 1,015 — 24,206 Non-accrual — 2 — 1 22 10 6 — 41 Total Consumer 7,274 6,051 2,536 1,220 4,473 1,672 1,021 — 24,247 YTD gross charge-offs — 10 4 14 14 28 — — 70 Total loans before basis adjustment $ 324,001 $ 1,444,425 $ 1,097,808 $ 522,097 $ 324,236 $ 774,206 $ 236,089 $ 1,454 $ 4,724,316 Total YTD gross charge-offs $ 5 $ 28 $ 18 $ 19 $ 22 $ 2,947 $ — $ — $ 3,039 The following table summarizes the Company’s loan portfolio by credit quality indicator and loan portfolio segment as of December 31, 2022: Revolving Revolving Loans Loans Converted Term Loans at Amortized Cost by Origination Year Amortized to Term 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Cost Loans Total (in thousands) As of December 31, 2022 Commercial real estate Pass $ 817,320 $ 441,277 $ 241,700 $ 254,221 $ 121,351 $ 340,634 $ — $ — $ 2,216,503 Special mention — — — 9,328 22,474 — — — 31,802 Substandard — — — — — 2,039 — — 2,039 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial real estate 817,320 441,277 241,700 263,549 143,825 342,673 — — 2,250,344 Commercial and industrial Pass 53,078 95,600 82,170 26,568 37,358 50,500 76,647 — 421,921 Special mention — — — — 49 92 492 — 633 Substandard — 4 3 — 1 323 — — 331 Doubtful — — — — — 1,340 50 — 1,390 Total commercial and industrial 53,078 95,604 82,173 26,568 37,408 52,255 77,189 — 424,275 Commercial construction Pass 88,173 87,569 11,769 9,174 318 1,487 821 — 199,311 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial construction 88,173 87,569 11,769 9,174 318 1,487 821 — 199,311 Residential real estate Accrual 443,034 507,679 211,429 42,314 25,232 239,677 154,038 1,568 1,624,971 Non-accrual — 203 140 201 1,258 7,411 96 39 9,348 Total residential real estate 443,034 507,882 211,569 42,515 26,490 247,088 154,134 1,607 1,634,319 Consumer Accrual 9,948 3,588 1,971 16,955 6,122 1,733 1,034 — 41,351 Non-accrual 1 — — 28 20 17 4 — 70 Total Consumer 9,949 3,588 1,971 16,983 6,142 1,750 1,038 — 41,421 Total loans $ 1,411,554 $ 1,135,920 $ 549,182 $ 358,789 $ 214,183 $ 645,253 $ 233,182 $ 1,607 $ 4,549,670 |