LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES A summary of the balances of loans follows: March 31, December 31, 2024 2023 (in thousands) Residential real estate: One- to four-family $ 1,507,959 $ 1,513,554 Second mortgages and equity lines of credit 173,613 177,135 Residential real estate construction 14,650 18,132 Total residential real estate loans 1,696,222 1,708,821 Commercial: Commercial real estate 2,355,672 2,343,675 Commercial construction 234,811 208,443 Commercial and industrial 471,215 466,443 Total commercial loans 3,061,698 3,018,561 Consumer loans: Auto 11,888 13,603 Personal 7,413 8,433 Total consumer loans 19,301 22,036 Total loans before basis adjustment 4,777,221 4,749,418 Basis adjustment associated with fair value hedge (1) (536) 893 Total loans 4,776,685 4,750,311 Allowance for credit losses on loans (48,185) (47,972) Loans, net $ 4,728,500 $ 4,702,339 (1) Note 10 - Derivatives The net unamortized deferred loan origination costs included in total loans and leases were $8.7 million and $8.5 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the commercial and industrial loans includes $278,000 and $321,000, respectively, of SBA PPP loans and $32,000 and $36,000, respectively, of deferred fees on the PPP loans. PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government. The Company has transferred a portion of its originated commercial loans to participating lenders. The amounts transferred have been accounted for as sales and are therefore not included in the Company’s accompanying unaudited interim Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company and participating lenders share ratably in cash flows and any gains or losses that may result from a borrower’s lack of compliance with contractual terms of the loan. The Company continues to service the loans on behalf of the participating lenders and, as such, collects cash payments from the borrowers, remits payments to participating lenders, and disburses required escrow funds to relevant parties. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company was servicing commercial loans for participants in the aggregate amount of $416.1 million and $413.0 million, respectively. The following table presents the activity in the ACL on loans for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023: Second Mortgages Residential One- to Four- and Equity Real Estate Commercial Commercial Commercial Family Lines of Credit Construction Real Estate Construction and Industrial Consumer Total (in thousands) Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 12,101 $ 964 $ 418 $ 21,288 $ 4,824 $ 8,107 $ 270 $ 47,972 Charge-offs — — — — — (228) (49) (277) Recoveries — 3 — 100 — 46 3 152 Provision (66) (25) (87) (125) 498 138 5 338 Balance at March 31, 2024 $ 12,035 $ 942 $ 331 $ 21,263 $ 5,322 $ 8,063 $ 229 $ 48,185 Second Mortgages Residential One- to Four- and Equity Real Estate Commercial Commercial Commercial Family Lines of Credit Construction Real Estate Construction and Industrial Consumer Total (in thousands) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 11,532 $ 924 $ 280 $ 20,357 $ 4,645 $ 7,236 $ 262 $ 45,236 Charge-offs — — — — — (7) (7) (14) Recoveries 1 7 — 1 — — 16 25 Provision (25) 36 475 584 412 255 10 1,747 Balance at March 31, 2023 $ 11,508 $ 967 $ 755 $ 20,942 $ 5,057 $ 7,484 $ 281 $ 46,994 As of March 31, 2024, the carrying value of individually analyzed loans amounted to $12.2 million, with a related allowance of $72,000, and $12.1 million of individually analyzed loans were considered collateral-dependent. As of December 31, 2023, the carrying value of individually analyzed loans amounted to $17.5 million, with a related allowance of $108,000, and $17.3 million were considered collateral-dependent. For collateral-dependent loans where management has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment of the loan is to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date. The following table presents the carrying value of collateral-dependent individually analyzed loans as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023: March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Related Related Carrying Value Allowance Carrying Value Allowance (in thousands) Commercial: Commercial real estate $ 1,496 $ 5 $ 7,416 $ 5 Commercial and industrial 1,744 67 1,793 101 Commercial construction — — — — Total Commercial 3,240 72 9,209 106 Residential real estate 8,866 — 8,054 — Total $ 12,106 $ 72 $ 17,263 $ 106 The following is a summary of past due and non-accrual loans at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023: 90 Days 30-59 Days 60-89 Days or More Total Loans on Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Non-accrual (in thousands) March 31, 2024 Residential real estate: One- to four-family $ 2,596 $ 682 $ 5,209 $ 8,487 $ 8,158 Second mortgages and equity lines of credit 10 608 316 934 708 Commercial real estate 850 641 5 1,496 1,496 Commercial construction — — — — — Commercial and industrial 66 603 1,301 1,970 1,744 Consumer: Auto 66 — 2 68 27 Personal 53 25 18 96 27 Total $ 3,641 $ 2,559 $ 6,851 $ 13,051 $ 12,160 December 31, 2023 Residential real estate: One- to four-family $ 4,704 $ 2,413 $ 4,418 $ 11,535 $ 7,785 Second mortgages and equity lines of credit 164 130 57 351 473 Commercial real estate — — 5,751 5,751 7,416 Commercial construction — — — — — Commercial and industrial 247 166 1,332 1,745 1,791 Consumer: Auto 96 69 4 169 4 Personal 16 5 31 52 44 Total $ 5,227 $ 2,783 $ 11,593 $ 19,603 $ 17,513 At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing. Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The Bank will modify the contractual terms of loans to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties as a way to mitigate loss and comply with regulations regarding bankruptcy and discharge situations. Modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may include interest rate reductions, principal or interest forgiveness, forbearances, term extensions, and other actions intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. There were no material loan modifications based on borrower financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. There were no loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had a payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 and were modified in the twelve months prior to that default. Default is determined at 90 or more days past due, upon charge-off, or upon foreclosure. Modified loans in default are individually evaluated for the allowance for credit losses or if the modified loan is deemed uncollectible, the loan, or a portion of the loan, is written off, and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted accordingly. Credit Quality Indicators Commercial The Company uses a ten-grade internal loan rating system for commercial real estate, commercial construction and commercial loans, as follows: Loans rated 1 – 6 are considered “pass”-rated loans with low to average risk. Loans rated 7 are considered “special mention.” These loans are starting to show signs of potential weakness and are being closely monitored by management. Loans rated 8 are considered “substandard.” Generally, a loan is considered substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors and/or the collateral pledged. There is a distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the weakness is not corrected. Loans rated 9 are considered “doubtful.” Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, highly questionable and improbable. Loans rated 10 are considered “uncollectible” (loss), and of such little value that their continuance as loans is not warranted. Loans not rated consist primarily of certain smaller balance commercial real estate and commercial loans that are managed by exception. On an annual basis, or more often if needed, the Company formally reviews on a risk-adjusted basis, the ratings on substantially all commercial real estate, construction and commercial loans. Semi-annually, the Company engages an independent third party to review a significant portion of loans within these segments. Management uses the results of these reviews as part of its annual review process. Residential and Consumer On a monthly basis, the Company reviews the residential construction, residential real estate, and consumer installment portfolios for credit quality primarily through the use of delinquency reports. The following table summarizes the Company’s loan portfolio by credit quality indicator and loan portfolio segment as of March 31, 2024: Revolving Revolving Loans Loans Converted Term Loans at Amortized Cost by Origination Year Amortized to Term 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Cost Loans Total (in thousands) As of March 31, 2024 Commercial real estate Pass $ 24,559 $ 147,200 $ 826,882 $ 455,253 $ 233,191 $ 614,772 $ — $ — $ 2,301,857 Special mention — 1,600 18,839 — 4,293 27,587 — — 52,319 Substandard — — — — — 1,496 — — 1,496 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total commercial real estate 24,559 148,800 845,721 455,253 237,484 643,855 — — 2,355,672 YTD gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Commercial and industrial Pass 11,690 73,215 50,703 92,676 68,905 94,486 76,180 — 467,855 Special mention — — 427 184 22 883 100 — 1,616 Substandard — — 2 — 50 390 — — 442 Doubtful — — — — — 1,253 49 — 1,302 Total commercial and industrial 11,690 73,215 51,132 92,860 68,977 97,012 76,329 — 471,215 YTD gross charge-offs — — 153 65 3 7 — — 228 Commercial construction Pass — 45,676 110,181 64,268 — — 721 — 220,846 Special mention — 4,240 9,725 — — — — — 13,965 Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial construction — 49,916 119,906 64,268 — — 721 — 234,811 YTD gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Residential real estate Accrual 12,179 135,862 431,542 471,589 199,720 271,197 163,938 1,329 1,687,356 Non-accrual — — 467 294 322 7,363 412 8 8,866 Total residential real estate 12,179 135,862 432,009 471,883 200,042 278,560 164,350 1,337 1,696,222 YTD gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Consumer Accrual 2,349 5,510 4,791 1,912 803 2,928 954 — 19,247 Non-accrual — 4 12 — 4 28 6 — 54 Total Consumer 2,349 5,514 4,803 1,912 807 2,956 960 — 19,301 YTD gross charge-offs — 14 5 19 — 11 — — 49 Total loans before basis adjustment $ 50,777 $ 413,307 $ 1,453,571 $ 1,086,176 $ 507,310 $ 1,022,383 $ 242,360 $ 1,337 $ 4,777,221 Total YTD gross charge-offs $ — $ 14 $ 158 $ 84 $ 3 $ 18 $ — $ — $ 277 The following table summarizes the Company’s loan portfolio by credit quality indicator and loan portfolio segment as of December 31, 2023: Revolving Revolving Loans Loans Converted Term Loans at Amortized Cost by Origination Year Amortized to Term 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Cost Loans Total (in thousands) As of December 31, 2023 Commercial real estate Pass $ 152,047 $ 828,335 $ 455,996 $ 234,585 $ 233,713 $ 405,103 $ — $ — $ 2,309,779 Special mention — 10,971 — 4,300 8,977 2,232 — — 26,480 Substandard — — — — — 1,670 — — 1,670 Doubtful — — — — — 5,746 — — 5,746 Total commercial real estate 152,047 839,306 455,996 238,885 242,690 414,751 — — 2,343,675 YTD gross charge-offs — — — — — 4,171 — — 4,171 Commercial and industrial Pass 73,240 52,190 94,570 70,565 22,988 75,493 74,125 — 463,171 Special mention — 454 4 23 2 948 50 — 1,481 Substandard — 52 8 — — 367 18 — 445 Doubtful — — — — — 1,297 49 — 1,346 Total commercial and industrial 73,240 52,696 94,582 70,588 22,990 78,105 74,242 — 466,443 YTD gross charge-offs 24 113 14 5 8 2 — — 166 Commercial construction Pass 35,181 109,291 60,113 843 — — 425 — 205,853 Special mention — 2,590 — — — — — — 2,590 Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial construction 35,181 111,881 60,113 843 — — 425 — 208,443 YTD gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Residential real estate Accrual 138,541 434,421 480,010 202,118 38,675 239,185 166,144 1,469 1,700,563 Non-accrual — — — 127 956 6,959 216 — 8,258 Total residential real estate 138,541 434,421 480,010 202,245 39,631 246,144 166,360 1,469 1,708,821 YTD gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Consumer Accrual 8,218 5,366 2,254 1,021 3,135 963 1,031 — 21,988 Non-accrual 14 18 5 — 2 4 5 — 48 Total Consumer 8,232 5,384 2,259 1,021 3,137 967 1,036 — 22,036 YTD gross charge-offs 7 16 4 15 18 29 — — 89 Total loans before basis adjustment $ 407,241 $ 1,443,688 $ 1,092,960 $ 513,582 $ 308,448 $ 739,967 $ 242,063 $ 1,469 $ 4,749,418 Total YTD gross charge-offs $ 31 $ 129 $ 18 $ 20 $ 26 $ 4,202 $ — $ — $ 4,426 |